Harmonizome 3.0

microsomal triglyceride transfer protein

MTP encodes the large subunit of the heterodimeric microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) completes the heterodimeric microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, which has been shown to play a central role in lipoprotein assembly. Mutations in MTP can cause abetalipoproteinemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D

NAPEPLD is a phospholipase D type enzyme that catalyzes the release of N-acylethanolamine (NAE) from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) in the second step of the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamine (Okamoto et al., 2004 [PubMed 14634025]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2008]

fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 pseudogene 1

acyl-CoA thioesterase 11

This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA thioesterase family which catalyse the conversion of activated fatty acids to the corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A. Expression of a mouse homolog in brown adipose tissue is induced by low temperatures and repressed by warm temperatures. Higher levels of expression of the mouse homolog has been found in obesity-resistant mice compared with obesity-prone mice, suggesting a role of acyl-CoA thioesterase 11 in obesity. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

acyl-CoA thioesterase 13

This gene encodes a member of the thioesterase superfamily. In humans, the protein co-localizes with microtubules and is essential for sustained cell proliferation. The orthologous mouse protein forms a homotetramer and is associated with mitochondria. The mouse protein functions as a medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1

The protein encoded by this gene possesses long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity. It is thought to play a central role in brain very long-chain fatty acids metabolism and myelinogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 2

Enables arachidonate-CoA ligase activity and fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase activity. Acts upstream of or within fatty acid metabolic process. Located in cytosol and mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

O-acyl-ADP-ribose deacylase 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a deacylase that can convert O-acetyl-ADP-ribose to ADP-ribose and acetate, O-propionyl-ADP-ribose to ADP-ribose and propionate, and O-butyryl-ADP-ribose to ADP-ribose and butyrate. The ADP-ribose product is able to inhibit these reactions through a competitive feedback loop. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2

Enables medium-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in fatty acid metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3

This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA synthetase family of enzymes that activate fatty acids by catalyzing the formation of a thioester linkage between fatty acids and coenzyme A. The encoded protein is localized to mitochondria, has high specificity for malonate and methylmalonate and possesses malonyl-CoA synthetase activity. Mutations in this gene are a cause of combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

acyl-CoA oxidase-like

Predicted to enable acyl-CoA oxidase activity; fatty acid binding activity; and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding activity. Predicted to be involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase. Predicted to be located in peroxisomal matrix. Predicted to be active in peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acyl-CoA oxidase 3, pristanoyl

Acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 3 also know as pristanoyl -CoA oxidase (ACOX3)is involved in the desaturation of 2-methyl branched fatty acids in peroxisomes. Unlike the rat homolog, the human gene is expressed in very low amounts in liver such that its mRNA was undetectable by routine Northern-blot analysis or its product by immunoblotting or by enzyme activity measurements. However the human cDNA encoding a 700 amino acid protein with a peroxisomal targeting C-terminal tripeptide S-K-L was isolated and is thought to be expressed under special conditions such as specific developmental stages or in a tissue specific manner in tissues that have not yet been examined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acyl-CoA oxidase 1, palmitoyl

The protein encoded by this gene is the first enzyme of the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway, which catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. It donates electrons directly to molecular oxygen, thereby producing hydrogen peroxide. Defects in this gene result in pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, a disease that is characterized by accumulation of very long chain fatty acids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3

The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the maintenance of Golgi structure and function through its interaction with the integral membrane protein giantin. It may also be involved in the hormonal regulation of steroid formation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acyl-CoA binding domain containing 7

Predicted to enable fatty-acyl-CoA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in fatty acid metabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including energy homeostasis; leptin-mediated signaling pathway; and response to food. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acyl-CoA binding domain containing 6

Enables fatty-acyl-CoA binding activity. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acyl-CoA binding domain containing 5

This gene encodes a member of the acyl-Coenzyme A binding protein family, known to function in the transport and distribution of long chain acyl-Coenzyme A in cells. This gene may play a role in the differentiation of megakaryocytes and formation of platelets. A related protein in yeast is involved in autophagy of peroxisomes. A mutation in this gene has been associated with autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

acyl-CoA binding domain containing 4

This gene encodes a member of the acyl-coenzyme A binding domain containing protein family. All family members contain the conserved acyl-Coenzyme A binding domain, which binds acyl-CoA thiol esters. They are thought to play roles in acyl-CoA dependent lipid metabolism. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 10

This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes (ACADs), which participate in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria. The encoded enzyme contains a hydrolase domain at the N-terminal portion, a serine/threonine protein kinase catlytic domain in the central region, and a conserved ACAD domain at the C-terminus. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 11

This gene encodes an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme with a preference for carbon chain lengths between 20 and 26. Naturally occurring read-through transcription occurs between the upstream gene NPHP3 (nephronophthisis 3 (adolescent)) and this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 pseudogene 4

acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 pseudogene

fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 pseudogene 3

fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 pseudogene 2

diazepam binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-CoA binding protein)

This gene encodes diazepam binding inhibitor, a protein that is regulated by hormones and is involved in lipid metabolism and the displacement of beta-carbolines and benzodiazepines, which modulate signal transduction at type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors located in brain synapses. The protein is conserved from yeast to mammals, with the most highly conserved domain consisting of seven contiguous residues that constitute the hydrophobic binding site for medium- and long-chain acyl-Coenzyme A esters. Diazepam binding inhibitor is also known to mediate the feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion and the postprandial release of cholecystokinin, in addition to its role as a mediator in corticotropin-dependent adrenal steroidogenesis. Three pseudogenes located on chromosomes 6, 8 and 16 have been identified. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 8

This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids or branch chained amino acids. The encoded protein is a mitochondrial enzyme that functions in catabolism of the branched-chain amino acid valine. Defects in this gene are the cause of isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 9

This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. Members of this family of proteins localize to the mitochondria and catalyze the rate-limiting step in the beta-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA. The encoded protein is specifically active toward palmitoyl-CoA and long-chain unsaturated substrates. Mutations in this gene cause acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member type 9 deficiency. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

acyl-CoA thioesterase 12

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in acetyl-CoA metabolic process. Located in cytosol; intercellular bridge; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

fatty acyl CoA reductase 1 pseudogene 1

fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 pseudogene

acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM6, mitochondrial-like

fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 pseudogene

fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 pseudogene

fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 pseudogene

diazepam binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-CoA binding protein) pseudogene 2

diazepam binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-CoA binding protein) pseudogene 3

diazepam binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-CoA binding protein) pseudogene 1

acyl-CoA binding domain containing 7 pseudogene

acyl-CoA thioesterase 8

The protein encoded by this gene is a peroxisomal thioesterase that appears to be involved more in the oxidation of fatty acids rather than in their formation. The encoded protein can bind to the human immunodeficiency virus-1 protein Nef, and mediate Nef-induced down-regulation of CD4 in T-cells. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

acyl-CoA thioesterase 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial acyl-CoA thioesterase of unknown function. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

acyl-CoA thioesterase 6

Predicted to enable fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in acyl-CoA metabolic process and fatty acid metabolic process. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acyl-CoA thioesterase 7

This gene encodes a member of the acyl coenzyme family. The encoded protein hydrolyzes the CoA thioester of palmitoyl-CoA and other long-chain fatty acids. Decreased expression of this gene may be associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms with different subcellular locations have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acyl-CoA thioesterase 4

Enables fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase activity and succinyl-CoA hydrolase activity. Involved in carboxylic acid metabolic process and succinyl-CoA metabolic process. Located in peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acyl-CoA thioesterase 2

This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA thioesterase protein family, and is one of four acyl-CoA hydrolase genes located in a cluster on chromosome 14. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

acyl-CoA thioesterase 1

Enables fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase activity. Involved in acyl-CoA metabolic process; long-chain fatty acid metabolic process; and very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

fatty acyl CoA reductase 1

The protein encoded by this gene is required for the reduction of fatty acids to fatty alcohols, a process that is required for the synthesis of monoesters and ether lipids. NADPH is required as a cofactor in this reaction, and 16-18 carbon saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are the preferred substrate. This is a peroxisomal membrane protein, and studies suggest that the N-terminus contains a large catalytic domain located on the outside of the peroxisome, while the C-terminus is exposed to the matrix of the peroxisome. Studies indicate that the regulation of this protein is dependent on plasmalogen levels. Mutations in this gene have been associated with individuals affected by severe intellectual disability, early-onset epilepsy, microcephaly, congenital cataracts, growth retardation, and spasticity (PMID: 25439727). A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

fatty acyl CoA reductase 2

This gene belongs to the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. It encodes a reductase enzyme involved in the first step of wax biosynthesis wherein fatty acids are converted to fatty alcohols. The encoded peroxisomal protein utilizes saturated fatty acids of 16 or 18 carbons as preferred substrates. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 2, 14 and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the diacylglycerol acyltransferase family. It esterifies long chain (wax) alcohols with acyl-CoA-derived fatty acids to produce wax esters. Wax esters are enriched in sebum, suggesting that this enzyme plays a central role in lipid metabolism in skin. Consistent with this observation, this protein is predominantly expressed in the sebaceous gland of the skin. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2

This gene encodes an enzyme belonging to the diacylglycerol acyltransferase family. This enzyme produces wax esters by the esterification of long chain (or wax) alcohols with acyl-CoA-derived fatty acids. It functions in lipid metabolism in the skin, mostly in undifferentiated peripheral sebocytes. This enzyme may also have acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase activities, where it catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerols and retinyl esters. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 pseudogene

acyl-CoA thioesterase 13 pseudogene