Harmonizome 3.0

opioid growth factor receptor

The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for opioid growth factor (OGF), also known as [Met(5)]-enkephalin. OGF is a negative regulator of cell proliferation and tissue organization in a variety of processes. The encoded unbound receptor for OGF has been localized to the outer nuclear envelope, where it binds OGF and is translocated into the nucleus. The coding sequence of this gene contains a polymorphic region of 60 nt tandem imperfect repeat units. Several transcripts containing between zero and eight repeat units have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

opioid receptor, kappa 1

This gene encodes an opioid receptor, which is a member of the 7 transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptor family. It functions as a receptor for endogenous ligands, as well as a receptor for various synthetic opioids. Ligand binding results in inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and neurotransmitter release. This opioid receptor plays a role in the perception of pain and mediating the hypolocomotor, analgesic and aversive actions of synthetic opioids. Variations in this gene have also been associated with alcohol dependence and opiate addiction. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A recent study provided evidence for translational readthrough in this gene, and expression of an additional C-terminally extended isoform via the use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

opioid growth factor receptor-like 1

Predicted to enable opioid growth factor receptor activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

opioid growth factor receptor pseudogene

sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1

This gene encodes a receptor protein that interacts with a variety of psychotomimetic drugs, including cocaine and amphetamines. The receptor is believed to play an important role in the cellular functions of various tissues associated with the endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. As indicated by its previous name, opioid receptor sigma 1 (OPRS1), the product of this gene was erroneously thought to function as an opioid receptor; it is now thought to be a non-opioid receptor. Mutations in this gene has been associated with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 16. Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

opioid receptor, delta 1

Enables G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activity. Involved in several processes, including G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway; cellular response to hypoxia; and positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation. Located in plasma membrane. Implicated in alcohol dependence; alcohol use disorder; drug dependence (multiple); opioid abuse; and withdrawal disorder. Biomarker of opioid abuse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Opioid dependence, susceptibility to, 1

opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like

This gene encodes a member of the IgLON subfamily in the immunoglobulin protein superfamily of proteins. The encoded preprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein. This protein is localized in the plasma membrane and may have an accessory role in opioid receptor function. This gene has an ortholog in rat and bovine. The opioid binding-cell adhesion molecule encoded by the rat gene binds opioid alkaloids in the presence of acidic lipids, exhibits selectivity for mu ligands and acts as a GPI-anchored protein. Since the encoded protein is highly conserved in species during evolution, it may have a fundamental role in mammalian systems. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

opioid growth factor receptor pseudogene 1

opioid receptor, mu 1

This gene encodes one of at least three opioid receptors in humans; the mu opioid receptor (MOR). The MOR is the principal target of endogenous opioid peptides and opioid analgesic agents such as beta-endorphin and enkephalins. The MOR also has an important role in dependence to other drugs of abuse, such as nicotine, cocaine, and alcohol via its modulation of the dopamine system. The NM_001008503.2:c.118A>G allele has been associated with opioid and alcohol addiction and variations in pain sensitivity but evidence for it having a causal role is conflicting. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Though the canonical MOR belongs to the superfamily of 7-transmembrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptors some isoforms of this gene have only 6 transmembrane domains. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013]

neuropeptide Y receptor Y2

Predicted to enable calcium channel regulator activity and neuropeptide Y receptor activity. Involved in cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis and outflow tract morphogenesis. Located in cilium. Implicated in Huntington's disease; morbid obesity; and obesity. Biomarker of peripheral artery disease and temporal lobe epilepsy. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

neuropeptide Y receptor Y1

This gene belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The encoded transmembrane protein mediates the function of neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neurotransmitter, and peptide YY (PYY), a gastrointestinal hormone. The encoded receptor undergoes fast agonist-induced internalization through clathrin-coated pits and is subsequently recycled back to the cell membrane. Activation of Y1 receptors may result in mobilization of intracellular calcium and inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

neuropeptide FF receptor 2

This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of G-protein-coupled neuropeptide receptors. This protein is activated by the neuropeptides A-18-amide (NPAF) and F-8-amide (NPFF) and may function in pain modulation and regulation of the opioid system. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

neuropeptide FF receptor 1

Enables neuropeptide receptor activity. Involved in neuropeptide signaling pathway. Located in cilium. Is active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor

This gene encodes a hypothalamic neuropeptide precursor protein that gives rise to two mature neuropeptides, orexin A and orexin B, by proteolytic processing. Orexin A and orexin B, which bind to orphan G-protein coupled receptors HCRTR1 and HCRTR2, function in the regulation of sleep and arousal. This neuropeptide arrangement may also play a role in feeding behavior, metabolism, and homeostasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

neuropeptide Y receptor Y4

Enables pancreatic polypeptide receptor activity and peptide hormone binding activity. Involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

agouti related neuropeptide

This gene encodes an antagonist of the melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptor. It appears to regulate hypothalamic control of feeding behavior via melanocortin receptor and/or intracellular calcium regulation, and thus plays a role in weight homeostasis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with late on-set obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

neuropeptide Y receptor type 4

neuropeptide B

This gene encodes a member of the neuropeptide B/W family of proteins and preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. The encoded products include neuropeptide B-23 and a C-terminally extended form, neuropeptide B-29, which are characterized by an N-terminal brominated tryptophan amino acid. Both of the encoded peptides bind with higher affinity to neuropeptide B/W (NPB/W) receptor 1 compared to the related NPB/W receptor 2. These peptides may regulate feeding, pain perception, and stress in rodents. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

neuropeptide Y

This gene encodes a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the central nervous system and influences many physiological processes, including cortical excitability, stress response, food intake, circadian rhythms, and cardiovascular function. The neuropeptide functions through G protein-coupled receptors to inhibit adenylyl cyclase, activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), regulate intracellular calcium levels, and activate potassium channels. A polymorphism in this gene resulting in a change of leucine 7 to proline in the signal peptide is associated with elevated cholesterol levels, higher alcohol consumption, and may be a risk factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The protein also exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

neuropeptide W

The product of this gene is processed into 23- and 30-amino acid neuropeptides that bind and activate two G-protein coupled receptors in the central nervous system. The neuropeptides have been shown to enhance cortisol secretion from adrenal cells through the adenylate cyclase/protein kinase A signaling cascade. The preproprotein is translated using a non-AUG initiation codon that is inferred from analyses of the mouse ortholog. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

neuropeptide S

Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission; positive regulation of action potential; and positive regulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Predicted to act upstream of or within visual learning. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (pseudogene)

Predicted to enable neuropeptide binding activity and peptide YY receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in neuropeptide signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in neuron projection and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

neuropeptide Y receptor Y5

The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. The encoded protein appears to be involved in regulating food intake, with defects in this gene being associated with eating disorders. Also, the encoded protein is involved in a pathway that protects neuroblastoma cells from chemotherapy-induced cell death, providing a possible therapeutic target against neuroblastoma. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

neuropeptide S receptor 1

This gene encodes a member of the vasopressin/oxytocin subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. The encoded membrane protein acts as a receptor for neuropeptide S and affects a variety of cellular processes through its signaling. Increased expression of this gene in ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium and in bronchial smooth muscle cells is associated with asthma. Polymorphisms in this gene have also been associated with asthma susceptibility, panic disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

neuropeptide Y receptor type 4-like

Enables pancreatic polypeptide receptor activity and peptide hormone binding activity. Involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor

This gene encodes a member of the FMRFamide related peptide (FARP) family of neuropeptides. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate multiple amidated peptides. These peptides may play a role in the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure and the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. Patients with hypertension exhibit decreased expression of the encoded protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

neuropeptide VF precursor

Enables neuropeptide activity. Involved in negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion and neuropeptide signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

neuropeptide Y receptor Y4-2

Enables pancreatic polypeptide receptor activity and peptide hormone binding activity. Involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]