Harmonizome 3.0

Spinal muscular atrophy, chronic distal, autosomal recessive

spinal muscular atrophy, congenital nonprogressive, of lower limbs

Spinal muscular atrophy, Jokela type

spinocerebellar ataxia 18 (sensory with neurogenic muscular atrophy)

muscular dystrophy, with rimmed vacuoles

muscular LMNA-interacting protein

Predicted to enable lamin binding activity and transcription corepressor activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in PML body; nuclear envelope; and sarcolemma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1H (autosomal dominant)

limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1G (autosomal dominant)

Muscular dystrophy, congenital, 1B

facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1A

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common hereditary disease of muscle. Patients with FSHD have a chromosomal rearrangement within the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4 (4q35). This region is composed mainly of a polymorphic repeat structure consisting of 3.3 kb repeat units, designated D4Z4. The number of repeat units varies from 10 to more than 100 in the population, however, in FSHD patients only 1-10 repeat units is observed because of a deletion of an integral number of these units. FSHD is caused by an epigenetic mechanism involving the contraction of a subtelomeric macrosatellite repeat, which results in marked hypomethylation of the contracted D4Z4 allele. It is likely not the structure, but the deregulation of transcription of one or more genes as a result of repeat-contraction-mediated chromatin alterations, that causes FSHD. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1B

muscular dystrophy, congenital, merosin-positive

optic atrophy 6 (autosomal recessive)

optic atrophy 4 (autosomal dominant)

optic atrophy 5 (autosomal dominant)

optic atrophy 2 (obscure)

optic atrophy 1 (autosomal dominant)

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein with similarity to dynamin-related GTPases. The encoded protein localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps regulate mitochondrial stability and energy output. This protein also sequesters cytochrome c. Mutations in this gene have been associated with optic atrophy type 1, which is a dominantly inherited optic neuropathy resulting in progressive loss of visual acuity, leading in many cases to legal blindness. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

optic atrophy 3 (autosomal recessive, with chorea and spastic paraplegia)

The mouse ortholog of this protein co-purifies with the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mutations in this gene have been shown to result in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III and autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy 1

spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and neuropathy

cerebellar atrophy with progressive microcephaly

Leber optic atrophy, susceptibility to

Motor neuronopathy, distal hereditary, type VIIA

distal-less homeobox 5

This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. The encoded protein may play a role in bone development and fracture healing. Mutation in this gene, which is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 7, may be associated with split-hand/split-foot malformation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

distal-less homeobox 6

This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. This family is comprised of at least 6 different members that encode proteins with roles in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

distal-less homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus where it may function as a transcriptional regulator of signals from multiple TGF-{beta} superfamily members. The encoded protein may play a role in the control of craniofacial patterning and the differentiation and survival of inhibitory neurons in the forebrain. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

distal-less homeobox 2

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

distal-less homeobox 3

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. Trichodentoosseous syndrome (TDO), an autosomal dominant condition, has been correlated with DLX3 gene mutation. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 17. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the autosomal dominant conditions trichodentoosseous syndrome and amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, distal

distal-less homeobox 4

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. Three transcript variants have been described for this gene, however, the full length nature of one variant has not been described. Studies of the two splice variants revealed that one encoded isoform functions as a repressor of the beta-globin gene while the other isoform lacks that function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Welander distal myopathy

symphalangism 2 (distal)

Distal hereditary motor neuropathy, Jerash type

arthrogryposis, distal, type 4

Chromosome 7q11.23 deletion syndrome, distal, 1.2Mb

Myopathy, distal 3

HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA

This gene produces a long RNA in antisense to the HOXA gene cluster. This transcript may regulate expression of HOXA genes in cis. This gene is upregulated in tumors and is implicated in the promotion of cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

distal membrane arm assembly component 2 like

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. This gene encodes the subunit s, also known as factor B, of the proton channel. This subunit is necessary for the energy transduction activity of the ATP synthase complexes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

distal membrane arm assembly component 2

Involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

distal membrane arm assembly component 1

Involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]