Harmonizome 3.0

Adiponectin, serum level of, QTL5

Adiponectin, serum level of, QTL4

serum response factor (c-fos serum response element-binding transcription factor)

This gene encodes a ubiquitous nuclear protein that stimulates both cell proliferation and differentiation. It is a member of the MADS (MCM1, Agamous, Deficiens, and SRF) box superfamily of transcription factors. This protein binds to the serum response element (SRE) in the promoter region of target genes. This protein regulates the activity of many immediate-early genes, for example c-fos, and thereby participates in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell growth, and cell differentiation. This gene is the downstream target of many pathways; for example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) that acts through the ternary complex factors (TCFs). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

Fasting plasma glucose level QTL 4

Fasting plasma glucose level QTL 6

Fasting plasma glucose level QTL 1

High density lipoprotein cholesterol level QTL 6

high density lipoprotein cholesterol level QTL 1

Alkaline phosphatase, plasma level of, QTL 2

Cholesterol level QTL 2

Thyroid-stimulating hormone level QTL 1

Vitamin B6 plasma level QTL 1

High density lipoprotein cholesterol level QTL 4

High density lipoprotein cholesterol level QTL 5

High density lipoprotein cholesterol level QTL on chromosome 8

Sex hormone-binding blobulin circulating level QTL 1

Serum leptin concentration QTL 3

Serum leptin concentration QTL 2

Serum leptin concentration QTL 1

Fasting plasma glucose level QTL2

Fasting plasma glucose level QTL3

Alkaline phosphatase, plasma level of, QTL3

Alkaline phosphatase, plasma level of, QTL4

Polyunsaturated fatty acids plasma level QTL1

Alkaline phosphatase, plasma level of, QTL1

serum deprivation response

This gene encodes a calcium-independent phospholipid-binding protein whose expression increases in serum-starved cells. This protein is a substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation and recruits polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) to caveolae. Removal of this protein causes caveolae loss and its over-expression results in caveolae deformation and membrane tubulation.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

serum amyloid A-like 1

Acts upstream of or within positive regulation of synoviocyte proliferation. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Leptin, serum levels of

serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2

This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase. Although this gene product is similar to serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (SGK), this gene is not induced by serum or glucocorticoids. This gene is induced in response to signals that activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which is also true for SGK. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

serum amyloid A3 pseudogene

Predicted to enable Toll-like receptor 4 binding activity and chemoattractant activity. Predicted to be involved in response to stilbenoid. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including I-kappaB phosphorylation; cell chemotaxis; and cellular response to interleukin-1. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immunoglobulin E concentration, serum

Uric acid concentration, serum, QTL6

Uric acid concentration, serum, QTL5

Uric acid concentration, serum, QTL4

Uric acid concentration, serum, QTL3

coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator)

This gene encodes coagulation factor VII which is a vitamin K-dependent factor essential for hemostasis. This factor circulates in the blood in a zymogen form, and is converted to an active form by either factor IXa, factor Xa, factor XIIa, or thrombin by minor proteolysis. Upon activation of the factor VII, a heavy chain containing a catalytic domain and a light chain containing 2 EGF-like domains are generated, and two chains are held together by a disulfide bond. In the presence of factor III and calcium ions, the activated factor then further activates the coagulation cascade by converting factor IX to factor IXa and/or factor X to factor Xa. Defects in this gene can cause coagulopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar proteolytic processing to generate mature polypeptides. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase family, member 3

This gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and encodes a phosphoprotein with a PX (phox homology) domain. The protein phosphorylates several target proteins and has a role in neutral amino acid transport and activation of potassium and chloride channels. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

serum response factor binding protein 1

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA. Predicted to be located in perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Predicted to be part of 90S preribosome. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

amyloid P component, serum

The protein encoded by this gene is a glycoprotein, belonging to the pentraxin family of proteins, which has a characteristic pentameric organization. These family members have considerable sequence homology which is thought to be the result of gene duplication. The binding of the encoded protein to proteins in the pathological amyloid cross-beta fold suggests its possible role as a chaperone. This protein is also thought to control the degradation of chromatin. It has been demonstrated that this protein binds to apoptotic cells at an early stage, which raises the possibility that it is involved in dealing with apoptotic cells in vivo. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

amyloid P component, serum pseudogene

serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1

This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in cellular stress response. This kinase activates certain potassium, sodium, and chloride channels, suggesting an involvement in the regulation of processes such as cell survival, neuronal excitability, and renal sodium excretion. High levels of expression of this gene may contribute to conditions such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

serum amyloid A4, constitutive

Predicted to be involved in acute-phase response. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

serum amyloid A2

This gene encodes a member of the serum amyloid A family of apolipoproteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein. This protein is a major acute phase protein that is highly expressed in response to inflammation and tissue injury. This protein also plays an important role in HDL metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. High levels of this protein are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and Crohn's disease. This protein may also be a potential biomarker for certain tumors. Finally, antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli resides in the N-terminal portion of the mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

serum amyloid A1

This gene encodes a member of the serum amyloid A family of apolipoproteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein. This protein is a major acute phase protein that is highly expressed in response to inflammation and tissue injury. This protein also plays an important role in HDL metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. High levels of this protein are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and Crohn's disease. This protein may also be a potential biomarker for certain tumors. Finally, antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli resides in the N-terminal portion of the mature protein. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

serum amyloid A1 cluster

High density lipoprotein cholesterol, low serum, 3

sodium channel, voltage gated, type I beta subunit

Voltage-gated sodium channels are heteromeric proteins that function in the generation and propagation of action potentials in muscle and neuronal cells. They are composed of one alpha and two beta subunits, where the alpha subunit provides channel activity and the beta-1 subunit modulates the kinetics of channel inactivation. This gene encodes a sodium channel beta-1 subunit. Mutations in this gene result in generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, Brugada syndrome 5, and defects in cardiac conduction. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type I alpha subunit

Voltage-dependent sodium channels are heteromeric complexes that regulate sodium exchange between intracellular and extracellular spaces and are essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials in muscle cells and neurons. Each sodium channel is composed of a large pore-forming, glycosylated alpha subunit and two smaller beta subunits. This gene encodes a sodium channel alpha subunit, which has four homologous domains, each of which contains six transmembrane regions. Allelic variants of this gene are associated with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures and epileptic encephalopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The RefSeq Project has decided to create four representative RefSeq records. Three of the transcript variants are supported by experimental evidence and the fourth contains alternate 5' untranslated exons, the exact combination of which have not been experimentally confirmed for the full-length transcript. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

sodium channel, non voltage gated 1 delta subunit

Enables sodium channel activity. Involved in cellular response to acidic pH; intracellular sodium ion homeostasis; and sodium ion import across plasma membrane. Located in actin cytoskeleton and membrane. Part of sodium channel complex. Is active in apical plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sodium channel, non voltage gated 1 beta subunit

Nonvoltage-gated, amiloride-sensitive, sodium channels control fluid and electrolyte transport across epithelia in many organs. These channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of 3 subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. This gene encodes the beta subunit, and mutations in this gene have been associated with pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1), and Liddle syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

sodium channel, non voltage gated 1 alpha subunit

Nonvoltage-gated, amiloride-sensitive, sodium channels control fluid and electrolyte transport across epithelia in many organs. These channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of 3 subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. This gene encodes the alpha subunit, and mutations in this gene have been associated with pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1), a rare salt wasting disease resulting from target organ unresponsiveness to mineralocorticoids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

solute carrier family 4 (sodium bicarbonate cotransporter), member 5

This gene encodes a member of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) family, part of the bicarbonate transporter superfamily. Sodium bicarbonate cotransporters are involved in intracellular pH regulation and electroneural or electrogenic sodium bicarbonate transport. This protein is thought to be an integral membrane protein. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 4 (sodium bicarbonate cotransporter), member 4

This gene encodes a sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) involved in the regulation of bicarbonate secretion and absorption and intracellular pH. Mutations in this gene are associated with proximal renal tubular acidosis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 7

This locus encodes a sodium bicarbonate cotransporter. The encoded transmembrane protein appears to transport sodium and bicarbonate ions in a 1:1 ratio, and is thus considered an electroneutral cotransporter. The encoded protein likely plays a critical role in regulation of intracellular pH involved in visual and auditory sensory transmission. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 8

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein that functions to transport sodium and bicarbonate ions across the cell membrane. The encoded protein is important for pH regulation in neurons. The activity of this protein can be inhibited by 4,4'-Di-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type IX alpha subunit

This gene encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel which plays a significant role in nociception signaling. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary erythermalgia, channelopathy-associated insensitivity to pain, and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

increased sodium tolerance 1 homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a protein with MIT-interacting motifs that interacts with components of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT). ESCRT functions in vesicle budding, such as that which occurs during membrane abscission in cytokinesis. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 19. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

potassium channel, sodium activated subfamily T, member 2

Enables chloride-activated potassium channel activity and intracellular sodium-activated potassium channel activity. Involved in potassium ion export across plasma membrane. Located in plasma membrane. Implicated in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 57. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type XI alpha subunit

Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with 24 transmembrane domains and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family, and is highly expressed in nociceptive neurons of dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia. It mediates brain-derived neurotrophic factor-evoked membrane depolarization and is a major effector of peripheral inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VII and familial episodic pain syndrome-3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporter), member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is an apical membrane Na(+)-sulfate cotransporter involved in sulfate homeostasis in the kidney. Defects in this gene lead to many pathophysiologic problems. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter), member 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a sodium-coupled citrate transporter that is regulated by the chaperone activity of cyclophilin b. The encoded protein may play a role in the formation of kidney stones. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter), member 3

Mammalian sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporters transport succinate and other Krebs cycle intermediates. They fall into 2 categories based on their substrate affinity: low affinity and high affinity. Both the low- and high-affinity transporters play an important role in the handling of citrate by the kidneys. The protein encoded by this gene represents the high-affinity form. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, although the full-length nature of some of them have not been characterized yet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporter), member 4

Enables sodium:sulfate symporter activity. Predicted to be involved in transmembrane transport. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent citrate transporter), member 5

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the solute carrier family 13 group of proteins. This family member is a sodium-dependent citrate cotransporter that may regulate metabolic processes. Mutations in this gene cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 25. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]

solute carrier family 12 (sodium/chloride transporter), member 3 pseudogene

solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 4

This gene encodes a sodium/potassium/calcium exchange protein. The encoded antiporter transports one calcium and one potassium ion in exchange for four sodium ions and has been implicated in amelogenesis and enamel maturation. Certain variants in this gene have been associated with skin, hair, and eye pigmentation, while other variants have been identified in people with hypomaturation-type amelogenesis imperfecta. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2023]

solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 5

This gene is a member of the potassium-dependent sodium/calcium exchanger family and encodes an intracellular membrane protein with 2 large hydrophilic loops and 2 sets of multiple transmembrane-spanning segments. Sequence variation in this gene has been associated with differences in skin pigmentation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 2

This gene encodes a member of the calcium/cation antiporter superfamily of transport proteins. The encoded protein belongs to the SLC24 branch of exchangers, which can mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion and one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions. This family member is a retinal cone/brain exchanger that can mediate a light-induced decrease in free Ca2+ concentration. This protein may also play a neuroprotective role during ischemic brain injury. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 3

Plasma membrane sodium/calcium exchangers are an important component of intracellular calcium homeostasis and electrical conduction. Potassium-dependent sodium/calcium exchangers such as SLC24A3 are believed to transport 1 intracellular calcium and 1 potassium ion in exchange for 4 extracellular sodium ions (Kraev et al., 2001 [PubMed 11294880]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 1

This gene encodes a member of the potassium-dependent sodium/calcium exchanger protein family. The encoded protein plays an important role in sodium/calcium exchange in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors by mediating the extrusion of one calcium ion and one potassium ion in exchange for four sodium ions. Mutations in this gene may play a role in congenital stationary night blindness. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type III alpha subunit

Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with 24 transmembrane domains and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family, and is found in a cluster of five alpha subunit genes on chromosome 2. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type III beta subunit

Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel beta subunit gene family, and influences the inactivation kinetics of the sodium channel. Two alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter), member 3

Enables myo-inositol:sodium symporter activity; potassium channel regulator activity; and transmembrane transporter binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including inositol metabolic process; monosaccharide transmembrane transport; and myo-inositol import across plasma membrane. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including positive regulation of protein localization to membrane; positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process; and regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange. Located in perinuclear region of cytoplasm and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/iodide cotransporter), member 5

This gene encodes a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family. The encoded protein is responsible for the uptake of iodine in tissues such as the thyroid and lactating breast tissue. The iodine taken up by the thyroid is incorporated into the metabolic regulators triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4). Mutations in this gene are associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis 1.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 1

In cardiac myocytes, Ca(2+) concentrations alternate between high levels during contraction and low levels during relaxation. The increase in Ca(2+) concentration during contraction is primarily due to release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. However, some Ca(2+) also enters the cell through the sarcolemma (plasma membrane). During relaxation, Ca(2+) is sequestered within the intracellular stores. To prevent overloading of intracellular stores, the Ca(2+) that entered across the sarcolemma must be extruded from the cell. The Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger is the primary mechanism by which the Ca(2+) is extruded from the cell during relaxation. In the heart, the exchanger may play a key role in digitalis action. The exchanger is the dominant mechanism in returning the cardiac myocyte to its resting state following excitation.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 3

This gene encodes a member of the sodium/calcium exchanger integral membrane protein family. Na+/Ca2+ exchange proteins are involved in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in a wide variety of cell types. The protein is regulated by intracellular calcium ions and is found in both the plasma membrane and intracellular organellar membranes, where exchange of Na+ for Ca2+ occurs in an electrogenic manner. Alternative splicing has been observed for this gene and multiple variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 2

Predicted to enable calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration and calcium:sodium antiporter activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including learning or memory; monoatomic cation transmembrane transport; and regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including modulation of chemical synaptic transmission; regulation of action potential firing pattern; and response to ischemia. Located in presynapse. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 1

Enables sodium:phosphate symporter activity. Involved in several processes, including phosphate ion homeostasis; response to cadmium ion; and response to lead ion. Located in several cellular components, including apical plasma membrane; mitotic spindle; and nuclear speck. Implicated in several diseases, including Fanconi syndrome (multiple); chronic kidney disease; hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria; hypophosphatemic nephrolithiasis/osteoporosis 1; and nephrolithiasis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 3

This gene encodes a member of SLC34A transporter family of proteins, and is expressed primarily in the kidney. It is involved in transporting phosphate into cells via sodium cotransport in the renal brush border membrane, and contributes to the maintenance of inorganic phosphate concentration in the kidney. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants varying in the 5' UTR have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a pH-sensitive sodium-dependent phosphate transporter. Phosphate uptake is increased at lower pH. Defects in this gene are a cause of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

sodium channel and clathrin linker 1

This gene encodes an adaptor protein. Studies of a related gene in rat suggest that the encoded protein functions to link clathrin to the sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha protein. The encoded protein has also been identified as a component of distal appendages of centrioles that is necessary for ciliogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

sodium channel modifier 1

SCNM1 is a zinc finger protein and putative splicing factor. In mice, Scnm1 modifies phenotypic expression of Scn8a (MIM 600702) mutations (Buchner et al., 2003 [PubMed 12920299]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009]

solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 8 pseudogene

solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter), member 2

This gene encodes a sodium/bile acid cotransporter. This transporter is the primary mechanism for uptake of intestinal bile acids by apical cells in the distal ileum. Bile acids are the catabolic product of cholesterol metabolism, so this protein is also critical for cholesterol homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause primary bile acid malabsorption (PBAM); muatations in this gene may also be associated with other diseases of the liver and intestines, such as familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter), member 6

Predicted to enable bile acid:sodium symporter activity. Predicted to be involved in bile acid and bile salt transport. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type VIII alpha subunit

This gene encodes a member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. The encoded protein forms the ion pore region of the voltage-gated sodium channel. This protein is essential for the rapid membrane depolarization that occurs during the formation of the action potential in excitable neurons. Mutations in this gene are associated with cognitive disability, pancerebellar atrophy and ataxia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1-like

sodium leak channel, non selective

This gene encodes a voltage-independent, nonselective cation channel which belongs to a family of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels that regulates the resting membrane potential and excitability of neurons. This family is expressed throughout the nervous system and conducts a persistent sodium leak current that contributes to tonic neuronal excitability. The encoded protein forms a channelosome complex that includes G-protein-coupled receptors, UNC-79, UNC-80, NCA localization factor-1, and src family tyrosine kinases. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies (IHPRF) syndrome, and congenital contractures of the limbs and face with hypotonia and developmental delay (CLIFAHDD) syndrome. A knockout of the orthologous gene in mice results in paralysis with a severely disrupted respiratory rhythm, and lethality within 24 hours after birth. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/monocarboxylate cotransporter), member 12

Normal blood lactate is maintained at about 1.5 mM, and little filtered lactate is excreted in urine. Reabsorption of lactate is mediated by the low-affinity Na(+)-coupled lactate transporter SLC5A12 in the initial part of the proximal tubule and by the high-affinity Na(+)-coupled lactate transporter SLC5A8 (MIM 608044) in the distal proximal tubule (Gopal et al., 2007 [PubMed 17692818]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/sugar cotransporter), member 10

This gene is a member of the sodium/glucose transporter family. Members of this family are sodium-dependent transporters and can be divided into two subfamilies based on sequence homology, one that co-transports sugars and the second that transports molecules such as ascorbate, choline, iodide, lipoate, monocaroboxylates, and pantothenate. The protein encoded by this gene has the highest affinity for mannose and has been reported to be most highly expressed in the kidney. This protein may function as a kidney-specific, sodium-dependent mannose and fructose co-transporter. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/inositol cotransporter), member 11

Cotransporters, such as SLC5A11, represent a major class of proteins that make use of ion gradients to drive active transport for the cellular accumulation of nutrients, neurotransmitters, osmolytes, and ions Roll et al. (2002) [PubMed 12039040].[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type V alpha subunit

The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel subunit. This protein is found primarily in cardiac muscle and is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential in an electrocardiogram. Defects in this gene have been associated with long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3), atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, and Brugada syndrome 1, all autosomal dominant cardiac diseases. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

sodium channel, non voltage gated 1 gamma subunit

Nonvoltage-gated, amiloride-sensitive, sodium channels control fluid and electrolyte transport across epithelia in many organs. These channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of 3 subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. This gene encodes the gamma subunit, and mutations in this gene have been associated with Liddle syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 2 pseudogene

solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, member 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein involved in anion exchange. Expression of this gene is mostly limited to the kidney. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type II beta subunit

The protein encoded by this gene is the beta 2 subunit of the type II voltage-gated sodium channel. The encoded protein is involved in cell-cell adhesion and cell migration. Defects in this gene can be a cause of Brugada Syndrome, atrial fibrillation, or sudden infant death syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type II alpha subunit

Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with four repeat domains, each of which is composed of six membrane-spanning segments, and one or more regulatory beta subunits. Voltage-gated sodium channels function in the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. Allelic variants of this gene are associated with seizure disorders and autism spectrum disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1

This gene encodes a member of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) family. The encoded integral membrane protein is the primary mediator of dietary glucose and galactose uptake from the intestinal lumen. Mutations in this gene have been associated with glucose-galactose malabsorption. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2

This gene encodes a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family which are sodium-dependent glucose transport proteins. The encoded protein is the major cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Mutations in this gene are associated with renal glucosuria. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and one not, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/multivitamin and iodide cotransporter), member 6

Enables biotin transmembrane transporter activity; iodide transmembrane transporter activity; and pantothenate transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in iodide transmembrane transport; transport across blood-brain barrier; and vitamin transmembrane transport. Located in apical plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/choline cotransporter), member 7

This gene encodes a sodium ion- and chloride ion-dependent high-affinity transporter that mediates choline uptake for acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons. The protein transports choline from the extracellular space into presynaptic terminals for synthesis into acetylcholine. Increased choline uptake results from increased density of this protein in synaptosomal plasma membranes in response to depolarization of cholinergic terminals. Dysfunction of cholinergic signaling has been implicated in various disorders including depression, attention-deficit disorder, and schizophrenia. An allelic variant of this gene is associated with autosomal dominant distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type VIIA. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/monocarboxylate cotransporter), member 8

SLC5A8 has been shown to transport iodide by a passive mechanism (Rodriguez et al., 2002 [PubMed 12107270]) and monocarboxylates and short-chain fatty acids by a sodium-coupled mechanism (Gopal et al., 2004 [PubMed 15322102]). In kidney, SLC5A8 functions as a high-affinity sodium-coupled lactate transporter involved in reabsorption of lactate and maintenance of blood lactate levels (Thangaraju et al., 2006 [PubMed 16873376]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008]

solute carrier family 5 (sodium/sugar cotransporter), member 9

Predicted to enable D-glucose:sodium symporter activity. Predicted to be involved in hexose transmembrane transport. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9B1-like

solute carrier family 4, sodium borate transporter, member 11

This gene encodes a voltage-regulated, electrogenic sodium-coupled borate cotransporter that is essential for borate homeostasis, cell growth and cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a number of endothelial corneal dystrophies including recessive corneal endothelial dystrophy 2, corneal dystrophy and perceptive deafness, and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter, member 10

This gene belongs to a small family of sodium-coupled bicarbonate transporters (NCBTs) that regulate the intracellular pH of neurons, the secretion of bicarbonate ions across the choroid plexus, and the pH of the brain extracellular fluid. The protein encoded by this gene was initially identified as a sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger (NCBE) though there is now evidence that its sodium/bicarbonate cotransport activity is independent of any chloride ion countertransport under physiological conditions. This gene is now classified as a member A10 of the SLC4 family of transmembrane solute carriers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type IV alpha subunit

Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with 24 transmembrane domains and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. It is expressed in skeletal muscle, and mutations in this gene have been linked to several myotonia and periodic paralysis disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type X alpha subunit

The protein encoded by this gene is a tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit. The properties of the channel formed by the encoded transmembrane protein can be altered by interaction with different beta subunits. This protein may be involved in the onset of pain associated with peripheral neuropathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type VII alpha subunit

This gene encodes one of the many voltage-gated sodium channel proteins. For proper functioning of neurons and muscles during action potentials, voltage-gated sodium channels direct sodium ion diffusion for membrane depolarization. This sodium channel protein has some atypical characteristics; the similarity between the human and mouse proteins is lower compared to other orthologous sodium channel pairs. Also, the S4 segments, which sense voltage changes, have fewer positive charged residues that in other sodium channels; domain 4 has fewer arginine and lysine residues compared to other sodium channel proteins. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants exist, but the full-length natures of all of them remain unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

potassium channel, sodium activated subfamily T, member 1

Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a sodium-activated potassium channel subunit which is thought to function in ion conductance and developmental signaling pathways. Mutations in this gene cause the early-onset epileptic disorders, malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy and autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporter), member 1

This gene encodes a kidney-specific sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter that is expressed on the luminal membrane of renal epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and the macula densa. It plays a key role in concentrating urine and accounts for most of the NaCl resorption. It is sensitive to such diuretics as furosemide and bumetanide. Some Bartter-like syndromes result from defects in this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described but their biological validity in humans has not been experimentally proven.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

solute carrier family 12 (sodium/chloride transporter), member 3

This gene encodes a renal thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter that is important for electrolyte homeostasis. This cotransporter mediates sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. Mutations in this gene cause Gitelman syndrome, a disease similar to Bartter's syndrome, that is characterized by hypokalemic alkalosis combined with hypomagnesemia, low urinary calcium, and increased renin activity associated with normal blood pressure. This cotransporter is the target for thiazide diuretics that are used for treating high blood pressure. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporter), member 2

The protein encoded by this gene mediates sodium and chloride transport and reabsorption. The encoded protein is a membrane protein and is important in maintaining proper ionic balance and cell volume. This protein is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter), member 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the sodium/bile acid cotransporter family, which are integral membrane glycoproteins that participate in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Two homologous transporters are involved in the reabsorption of bile acids; the ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter with an apical cell localization that absorbs bile acids from the intestinal lumen, bile duct and kidney, and the liver-specific sodium/bile acid cotransporter, represented by this protein, that is found in the basolateral membranes of hepatocytes. Bile acids are the catabolic product of cholesterol metabolism, hence this protein is important for cholesterol homeostasis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9B1-like

sodium channel, voltage gated, type IV beta subunit

The protein encoded by this gene is one of several sodium channel beta subunits. These subunits interact with voltage-gated alpha subunits to change sodium channel kinetics. The encoded transmembrane protein forms interchain disulfide bonds with SCN2A. Defects in this gene are a cause of long QT syndrome type 10 (LQT10). Three protein-coding and one non-coding transcript variant have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

solute carrier family 8 (sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger), member B1

SLC24A6 belongs to a family of potassium-dependent sodium/calcium exchangers that maintain cellular calcium homeostasis through the electrogenic countertransport of 4 sodium ions for 1 calcium ion and 1 potassium ion (Cai and Lytton, 2004 [PubMed 14625281]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 40

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 45

Blood pressure QTL 49

body mass index QTL 6

body mass index QTL 5

body mass index QTL 2

body mass index QTL 3

body mass index QTL 1

Heart rate QTL 1

Creatinine clearance QTL

Blood pressure QTL 24

Blood pressure QTL 25

Blood pressure QTL 26

Blood pressure QTL 27

Blood pressure QTL 20

Blood pressure QTL 21

Blood pressure QTL 22

Blood pressure QTL 23

Blood pressure QTL 28

Blood pressure QTL 29

Body weight QTL 1

Body weight QTL 2

Body weight QTL 3

Body weight QTL 4

Body weight QTL 6

Body weight QTL 7

Body weight QTL 8

Body weight QTL 9

Cohen syndrome QTL 1

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 26

Body weight QTL 27

Body weight QTL 26

Body weight QTL 24

Body weight QTL 23

Body weight QTL 22

Body weight QTL 20

Body weight QTL 29

Body weight QTL 28

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 14

Circulating adiponectin QTL on chromosome 5

Bone mineral density QTL 9

Bone mineral density QTL 6

Bone mineral density variation QTL 5

Body mass index QTL 15

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 06

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 07

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 04

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 01

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 01

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 02

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 01

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 08

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 18

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 13

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 15

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 14

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 16

Body fluid distribution QTL 1

Body fluid distribution QTL 3

Body fluid distribution QTL 4

Body fluid distribution QTL 5

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 38

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 37

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 3

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 2

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 1

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 6

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 5

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 4

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 8

Osteoarthritis QTL 10

Bone size QTL

C-reactive protein QTL

Blood pressure QTL 1

Blood pressure QTL 3

Blood pressure QTL 2

Blood pressure QTL 5

Blood pressure QTL 4

Blood pressure QTL 7

Blood pressure QTL 6

Blood pressure QTL 9

Blood pressure QTL 8

Osteoarthritis QTL 29

Specific language impairment QTL, 2

Specific language impairment QTL, 3

Specific language impairment QTL, 1

Body weight QTL 56

Body weight QTL 57

Body weight QTL 54

Body weight QTL 55

Body weight QTL 52

Body weight QTL 53

Body weight QTL 58

Body weight QTL 59

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 48

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 49

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 24

Lean body mass QTL 1

menopause, natural, age at, QTL

Tuberculin skin test reactivity QTL

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 21

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 20

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 23

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 22

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 25

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 27

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 29

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 28

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 42

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 43

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 47

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 44

Body weight QTL 15

Body weight QTL 36

Body weight QTL 37

Cohen syndrome QTL 2

Body weight QTL 88

Osteoarthritis QTL 3

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 17

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 9

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 8

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 7

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 6

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 1

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 3

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 2

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 18

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 19

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 10

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 11

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 12

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 13

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 14

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 15

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 16

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 17

Blood pressure QTL 51

Blood pressure QTL 50

Blood pressure QTL 53

Blood pressure QTL 52

Blood pressure QTL 55

Blood pressure QTL 54

Stature QTL 23

Stature QTL 20

Body weight QTL 35

Body weight QTL 30

Body weight QTL 33

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 7

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 9

Allergic/Atopic asthma related QTL 29

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 24

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 25

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 27

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 20

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 21

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 22

Body weight QTL 5

Osteoarthritis QTL 26

Osteoarthritis QTL 25

Osteoarthritis QTL 27

Osteoarthritis QTL 24

Osteoarthritis QTL 22

Osteoarthritis QTL 23

Osteoarthritis QTL 20

Osteoarthritis QTL 21

Osteoarthritis QTL 28

Osteoarthritis QTL 29

Body weight QTL 25

Allergic/Atopic asthma related QTL 41

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 46

Stature QTL 17

Urinary albumin excretion QTL 1

Urinary albumin excretion QTL 2

Stature QTL 15

Stature QTL 13

Bone mineral density QTL 10

Bone mineral density QTL 11

Bone mineral density QTL 13

Bone mineral density QTL 14

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 25

Body weight QTL 69

Body weight QTL 68

Body weight QTL 63

Body weight QTL 62

Body weight QTL 61

Body weight QTL 60

Body weight QTL 67

Body weight QTL 66

Body weight QTL 65

Body weight QTL 64

Bone size QTL

Body weight QTL 11

Circulating adiponectin QTL on chromosome 14

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 5

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 54

Allergic/Atopic asthma related QTL 56

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 51

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 53

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 52

Bone mineral density variation QTL 4

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 4

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 09

Body fluid distribution QTL 2

Blood pressure QTL 37

Blood pressure QTL 36

Blood pressure QTL 35

Blood pressure QTL 34

Blood pressure QTL 33

Blood pressure QTL 32

Blood pressure QTL 31

Blood pressure QTL 30

Blood pressure QTL 39

Blood pressure QTL 38

Blood pressure QTL 18

Blood pressure QTL 14

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 11

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 12

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 17

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 30

Rheumatoid arthritis QTL 31

Fetal hemoglobin QTL on chromosome 8

Body weight QTL 12

Body weight QTL 13

Body weight QTL 10

Body weight QTL 16

Body weight QTL 17

Body weight QTL 14

Body weight QTL 18

Body weight QTL 19

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 19

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 10

Stature QTL 16

Stature QTL 14

Stature QTL 12

Stature QTL 10

Musical aptitude QTL 1

Stature QTL 11

Stature QTL 18

Stature QTL 19

Body weight QTL 34

Body weight QTL 31

Body weight QTL 32

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 50

Blood pressure QTL 46

Blood pressure QTL 47

Blood pressure QTL 45

Blood pressure QTL 48

Birth weight QTL 2

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 13

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 12

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 11

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 10

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 16

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 15

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 19

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 18

Osteoarthritis QTL 7

Osteoarthritis QTL 6

Osteoarthritis QTL 5

Osteoarthritis QTL 4

Osteoarthritis QTL 2

Osteoarthritis QTL 1

Osteoarthritis QTL 9

Osteoarthritis QTL 8

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 39

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 36

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 35

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 34

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 33

Allergic/Atopic asthma related QTL 32

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 31

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 30

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 5

Stature QTL 24

Stature QTL 21

Menarche, age at, QTL

Allergic/Atopic asthma related QTL 28

Allergic/atopic asthma related QTL 23

Stature QTL 22

Blood pressure QTL 19

Blood pressure QTL 15

Blood pressure QTL 17

Blood pressure QTL 16

Blood pressure QTL 11

Blood pressure QTL 10

Blood pressure QTL 13

Blood pressure QTL 12

Osteoarthritis QTL 19

Osteoarthritis QTL 18

Osteoarthritis QTL 13

Osteoarthritis QTL 12

Osteoarthritis QTL 11

Osteoarthritis QTL 17

Osteoarthritis QTL 16

Osteoarthritis QTL 15

Osteoarthritis QTL 14

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 28

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 29

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 22

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 23

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 20

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 21

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 26

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 27

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 24

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease QTL 25

Body weight QTL 70

Body weight QTL 71

Body weight QTL 72