Harmonizome 3.0

gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase)

This gene catalyzes the hydrolysis of folylpoly-gamma-glutamates and antifolylpoly-gamma-glutamates by the removal of gamma-linked polyglutamates and glutamate. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

biphenyl hydrolase-like (serine hydrolase)

This gene encodes a member of the serine protease family of hydrolytic enzymes which contain a serine in their active site. The encoded protein may play a role in activation of the antiviral prodrug valacyclovir. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase

The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes removal of mono-ADP-ribose from arginine residues of proteins in the ADP-ribosylation cycle. Unlike the rat and mouse enzymes that require DTT for maximal activity, the human enzyme is DTT-independent. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

ADP-ribosylserine hydrolase

This gene encodes a member of the ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the removal of ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylated proteins. This enzyme localizes to the mitochondria, in addition to the nucleus and cytoplasm.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1

This gene was identified on the basis of its stimulation by c-Myc protein. The latter is a transcription factor that participates in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The exact function of this gene is not known but studies in rat suggest a role in cellular proliferation and c-Myc-mediated transformation. Two alternative transcripts encoding different proteins have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase

The enzyme encoded by this gene is classified as a thiolesterase and is responsible for the hydrolysis of S-lactoyl-glutathione to reduced glutathione and D-lactate. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013]

acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase

This gene encodes the enzyme acylpeptide hydrolase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the terminal acetylated amino acid preferentially from small acetylated peptides. The acetyl amino acid formed by this hydrolase is further processed to acetate and a free amino acid by an aminoacylase. This gene is located within the same region of chromosome 3 (3p21) as the aminoacylase gene, and deletions at this locus are also associated with a decrease in aminoacylase activity. The acylpeptide hydrolase is a homotetrameric protein of 300 kDa with each subunit consisting of 732 amino acid residues. It can play an important role in destroying oxidatively damaged proteins in living cells. Deletions of this gene locus are found in various types of carcinomas, including small cell lung carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein

acyloxyacyl hydrolase (neutrophil)

This locus encodes both the light and heavy subunits of acyloxyacyl hydrolase. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of acyloxylacyl-linked fatty acyl chains from bacterial lipopolysaccharides, effectively detoxifying these molecules. The encoded protein may play a role in modulating host inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing 2B

Enables oxaloacetate tautomerase activity. Involved in oxaloacetate metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing 2A

Enables oxaloacetate tautomerase activity. Involved in oxaloacetate metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

fatty acid amide hydrolase pseudogene 1

fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing 1

Enables hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds, in ketonic substances; oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity; and oxaloacetate tautomerase activity. Involved in oxaloacetate metabolic process. Located in cytosol; mitochondrion; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

esterase D/formylglutathione hydrolase pseudogene

BRCA1 associated protein-1 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase)

This gene belongs to the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase subfamily of deubiquitinating enzymes that are involved in the removal of ubiquitin from proteins. The encoded enzyme binds to the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) via the RING finger domain of the latter and acts as a tumor suppressor. In addition, the enzyme may be involved in regulation of transcription, regulation of cell cycle and growth, response to DNA damage and chromatin dynamics. Germline mutations in this gene may be associated with tumor predisposition syndrome (TPDS), which involves increased risk of cancers including malignant mesothelioma, uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

leukotriene A4 hydrolase

The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that contains both hydrolase and aminopeptidase activities. The hydrolase activity is used in the final step of the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4, a proinflammatory mediator. The aminopeptidase activity has been shown to degrade proline-glycine-proline (PGP), a neutrophil chemoattractant and biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

3-hydroxyisobutyryl-Coenzyme A hydrolase pseudogene

peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial protein with two putative domains, an N-terminal mitochondrial localization sequence, and a UPF0099 domain. In vitro assays suggest that this protein possesses peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase activity, to release the peptidyl moiety from tRNA, thereby preventing the accumulation of dissociated peptidyl-tRNA that could reduce the efficiency of translation. This protein also plays a role regulating cell survival and death. It promotes survival as part of an integrin-signaling pathway for cells attached to the extracellular matrix (ECM), but also promotes apoptosis in cells that have lost their attachment to the ECM, a process called anoikos. After loss of cell attachment to the ECM, this protein is phosphorylated, is released from the mitochondria into the cytosol, and promotes caspase-independent apoptosis through interactions with transcriptional regulators. This gene has been implicated in the development and progression of tumors, and mutations in this gene have been associated with an infantile multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease (INMEPD) characterized by intellectual disability, postnatal microcephaly, progressive cerebellar atrophy, hearing impairment, polyneuropathy, failure to thrive, and organ fibrosis with exocrine pancreas insufficiency (PMID: 25574476). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015]

peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Enables aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolase activity. Involved in rescue of stalled ribosome. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17A-like

hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase-like

Predicted to enable hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 2-like

fatty acid amide hydrolase 2

This gene encodes a fatty acid amide hydrolase that shares a conserved protein motif with the amidase signature family of enzymes. The encoded enzyme is able to catalyze the hydrolysis of a broad range of bioactive lipids, including those from the three main classes of fatty acid amides; N-acylethanolamines, fatty acid primary amides and N-acyl amino acids. This enzyme has a preference for monounsaturated acyl chains as a substrate. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

lipid droplet associated hydrolase

Predicted to enable sterol ester esterase activity. Involved in cholesterol homeostasis and intracellular triglyceride homeostasis. Acts upstream of with a positive effect on lipid droplet fusion. Located in endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

urate (hydroxyiso-) hydrolase, pseudogene

Predicted to enable hydroxyisourate hydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including allantoin metabolic process; nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process; and urate catabolic process. Predicted to be active in peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L5

Enables cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity; endopeptidase inhibitor activity; and proteasome binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway; protein deubiquitination; and regulation of primary metabolic process. Located in cytosol and nuclear lumen. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 2-like

serine hydrolase-like 2

Predicted to enable hydrolase activity. Predicted to be located in cytoplasmic vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1

This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the M28 peptidase family. The protein acts as a glutamate carboxypeptidase on different alternative substrates, including the nutrient folate and the neuropeptide N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate and is expressed in a number of tissues such as prostate, central and peripheral nervous system and kidney. A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. In the prostate the protein is up-regulated in cancerous cells and is used as an effective diagnostic and prognostic indicator of prostate cancer. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1

Predicted to enable serine hydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in ether lipid metabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within protein dephosphorylation and xenobiotic metabolic process. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17A-like

putative ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 23

hexosaminidase (glycosyl hydrolase family 20, catalytic domain) containing

Enables beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity. Predicted to be involved in carbohydrate metabolic process. Located in extracellular vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 2

Enables enzyme binding activity. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 1 pseudogene 2

haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 1 pseudogene 3

haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 1 pseudogene 1

fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing 2 pseudogene 1

folate hydrolase 1B

Enables metallocarboxypeptidase activity. Involved in C-terminal protein deglutamylation. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic)

Epoxide hydrolase is a critical biotransformation enzyme that converts epoxides from the degradation of aromatic compounds to trans-dihydrodiols which can be conjugated and excreted from the body. Epoxide hydrolase functions in both the activation and detoxification of epoxides. Mutations in this gene cause preeclampsia, epoxide hydrolase deficiency or increased epoxide hydrolase activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic

This gene encodes a member of the epoxide hydrolase family. The protein, found in both the cytosol and peroxisomes, binds to specific epoxides and converts them to the corresponding dihydrodiols. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

epoxide hydrolase 3

Enables epoxide hydrolase activity. Involved in epoxide metabolic process. Located in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

epoxide hydrolase 4

Predicted to enable hydrolase activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acyloxyacyl hydrolase (neutrophil)

Predicted to be located in cell projection; cytoplasm; and cytoskeleton. Predicted to be active in ciliary base. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of both HIBYL-CoA and beta-hydroxypropionyl-CoA. Mutations in this gene have been associated with 3-hyroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 2-like

haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 1

This gene encodes a member of the haloacid dehalogenase-like (HAD) hydrolase superfamily. The encoded protein has no known biological function. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 1. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain containing 3

Predicted to enable hydrolase activity. Located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

meprin A, alpha (PABA peptide hydrolase)

Enables metallodipeptidase activity. Involved in epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation. Located in extracellular exosome. Part of meprin A complex. Is active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

bleomycin hydrolase

Bleomycin hydrolase (BMH) is a cytoplasmic cysteine peptidase that is highly conserved through evolution; however, the only known activity of the enzyme is metabolic inactivation of the glycopeptide bleomycin (BLM), an essential component of combination chemotherapy regimens for cancer. The protein contains the signature active site residues of the cysteine protease papain superfamily. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

oleoyl-ACP hydrolase

Enables fatty acyl-[ACP] hydrolase activity. Involved in medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

serine hydrolase-like (pseudogene)

Predicted to enable hydrolase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing 1 pseudogene

fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (fumarylacetoacetase)

Predicted to enable fumarylacetoacetase activity. Predicted to be involved in L-phenylalanine catabolic process; homogentisate catabolic process; and tyrosine catabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within arginine catabolic process. Located in extracellular exosome. Implicated in tyrosinemia type I. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase domain containing 1

This gene encodes the enzyme peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase. Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolases perform the essential function of recycling peptidyl-tRNAs. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal-recessive intellectual disability and parkinsonism. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing 2C, pseudogene

fatty acid amide hydrolase

This gene encodes a protein that is responsible for the hydrolysis of a number of primary and secondary fatty acid amides, including the neuromodulatory compounds anandamide and oleamide. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

haloacid dehalogenase like hydrolase domain containing 5

Predicted to be involved in glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix hydrolase 4B

Predicted to enable pyrophosphatase activity. Predicted to be involved in diphosphoinositol polyphosphate metabolic process and nucleotide catabolic process. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix hydrolase 16 like 2, pseudogene

acyloxyacyl hydrolase (neutrophil)

Predicted to be located in cell projection; cytoplasm; and cytoskeleton. Predicted to be active in ciliary base. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosyltransferase 1

ADP-ribosyltransferase catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of arginine residues in proteins. Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins that is interfered with by a variety of bacterial toxins including cholera, pertussis, and heat-labile enterotoxins of E. coli. The amino acid sequence consists of predominantly hydrophobic N- and C-terminal regions, which is characteristic of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. This gene was previously designated ART2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosyltransferase 3

This gene encodes an arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase. The encoded protein catalyzes a reversible reaction which modifies proteins by the addition or removal of ADP-ribose to an arginine residue to regulate the function of the modified protein. An ADP-ribosyltransferase pseudogene is located on chromosome 11. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

ADP-ribosyltransferase 5

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARG-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase family. Proteins in this family regulate the function of target proteins by attaching ADP-ribose to specific amino acid residues in their target proteins. The mouse homolog lacks a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor signal sequence and is predicted to be a secretory enzyme. Several transcripts encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

ADP-ribosyltransferase 4 (Dombrock blood group)

This gene encodes a protein that contains a mono-ADP-ribosylation (ART) motif. It is a member of the ADP-ribosyltransferase gene family but enzymatic activity has not been demonstrated experimentally. Antigens of the Dombrock blood group system are located on the gene product, which is glycosylphosphatidylinosotol-anchored to the erythrocyte membrane. Allelic variants, some of which lead to adverse transfusion reactions, are known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor pseudogene

ADP-dependent glucokinase

ADPGK (EC 2.7.1.147) catalyzes the ADP-dependent phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and may play a role in glycolysis, possibly during ischemic conditions (Ronimus and Morgan, 2004 [PubMed 14975750]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase-like

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 17A pseudogene

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor 6 pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4 pseudogene 2

ADP-ribosylation factor 4 pseudogene 5

ADP-ribosylation factor 4 pseudogene 4

ADP-ribosylation factor 4 pseudogene 1

ADP-ribosylation factor 4 pseudogene 3

ADP-ribosylation factor 4 pseudogene 2

tankyrase, TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase 2

Enables NAD+-protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and enzyme binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; post-translational protein modification; and regulation of telomere maintenance. Located in nuclear envelope; pericentriolar material; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 9

ARL9 is a member of the small GTPase protein family with a high degree of similarity to ARF (MIM 103180) proteins of the RAS superfamily.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARL (ADP-ribosylation factor-like) family of proteins, which are structurally related to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). ARFs, described as activators of cholera toxin (CT) ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, regulate intracellular vesicular membrane trafficking, and stimulate a phospholipase D (PLD) isoform. Although, ARL proteins were initially thought not to activate CT or PLD, later work showed that they are weak stimulators of PLD and CT in a phospholipid dependent manner. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 3

Enables GDP binding activity; GTP binding activity; and microtubule binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cilium assembly; protein localization to cilium; and small GTPase-mediated signal transduction. Acts upstream of or within post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport. Located in several cellular components, including microtubule cytoskeleton; midbody; and photoreceptor connecting cilium. Implicated in Joubert syndrome and retinitis pigmentosa 83. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2

This gene encodes a small GTP-binding protein of the RAS superfamily which functions as an ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF). The encoded protein is one of a functionally distinct group of ARF-like genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARF-like (ADP ribosylation factor-like) sub-family of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins which are involved in regulation of intracellular traffic. Mutations in this gene are associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). A vision-specific transcript, encoding long isoform BBS3L, has been described (PMID: 20333246). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 13B

This gene encodes a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor-like family. The encoded protein is a small GTPase that contains both N-terminal and C-terminal guanine nucleotide-binding motifs. This protein is localized in the cilia and plays a role in cilia formation and in maintenance of cilia. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Joubert syndrome 8. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 13A

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in non-motile cilium assembly and receptor localization to non-motile cilium. Predicted to be active in ciliary membrane and non-motile cilium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor related protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-associated GTP-ase which localizes to the plasma membrane and is related to the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and ARF-like (ARL) proteins. This gene plays a role in membrane trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 8B pseudogene

poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase pseudogene 1

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 5

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 2

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 17

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 16 pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein

ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like proteins (ARLs) comprise a functionally distinct group of the ARF family of RAS-related GTPases. The protein encoded by this gene binds to ARL2.GTP with high affinity but does not interact with ARL2.GDP, activated ARF, or RHO proteins. The lack of detectable membrane association of this protein or ARL2 upon activation of ARL2 is suggestive of actions distinct from those of the ARFs. This protein is considered to be the first ARL2-specific effector identified, due to its interaction with ARL2.GTP but lack of ARL2 GTPase-activating protein activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor 3 pseudogene

O-acyl-ADP-ribose deacylase 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a deacylase that can convert O-acetyl-ADP-ribose to ADP-ribose and acetate, O-propionyl-ADP-ribose to ADP-ribose and propionate, and O-butyryl-ADP-ribose to ADP-ribose and butyrate. The ADP-ribose product is able to inhibit these reactions through a competitive feedback loop. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 8B pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4A

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4A is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARL4A is similar to ARL4C and ARL4D and each has a nuclear localization signal and an unusually high guaninine nucleotide exchange rate. ARL4A is located in both the nuclear and extranuclear cell compartments. Multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 1 pseudogene 1

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 1 pseudogene 2

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 1 pseudogene 3

ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 1 (brefeldin A-inhibited)

ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) play an important role in intracellular vesicular trafficking. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the activation of ARFs by accelerating replacement of bound GDP with GTP. It contains a Sec7 domain, which may be responsible for guanine-nucleotide exchange activity and also brefeldin A inhibition. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 2 (brefeldin A-inhibited)

ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) play an important role in intracellular vesicular trafficking. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the activation of ARFs by accelerating replacement of bound GDP with GTP and is involved in Golgi transport. It contains a Sec7 domain, which may be responsible for its guanine-nucleotide exchange activity and also brefeldin A inhibition. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 11

This gene encodes a tumor suppressor related to the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family of proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with some familial cancers. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 10

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 15

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in intracellular protein transport and vesicle-mediated transport. Predicted to be located in cytoplasmic vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 16

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARL (ADP-ribosylation factor-like) family of proteins, which are structurally related to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). This protein has been shown to have an inhibitory role in the cellular antiviral response. This gene product interacts with the C-terminal domain of the DEXD/H-box helicase 58 (DDX58) gene product. This interaction was found to suppress the association between the DDX58 gene product and RNA, thereby negatively regulating the activity of the DDX58 gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14 effector protein

The protein encoded by this gene is an effector protein. It interacts with ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14 [ARL14, also known as ADP-ribosylation factor 7 (ARF7)], beta-actin (ACTB) and actin-based motor protein myosin 1E (MYO1E). ARL14 is a small GTPase; it controls the export of major histocompatibility class II molecules by connecting to the actin network via this effector protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase

Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is the major enzyme responsible for the catabolism of poly(ADP-ribose), a reversible covalent-modifier of chromosomal proteins. The protein is found in many tissues and may be subject to proteolysis generating smaller, active products. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 9

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 8

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 4

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 7

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 6

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 1

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 3

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 6 pseudogene

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene 1

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene 2

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene 3

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 4

This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 1 protein, which is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. Since this protein is not capable of binding DNA directly, its transferase activity may be activated by other factors such as protein-protein interaction mediated by the extensive carboxyl terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1

This gene encodes a chromatin-associated enzyme, poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, which modifies various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The modification is dependent on DNA and is involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation and also in the regulation of the molecular events involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage. In addition, this enzyme may be the site of mutation in Fanconi anemia, and may participate in the pathophysiology of type I diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 6

Predicted to be located in nuclear inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5

Expression of this gene is affected by vitamin A. The encoded protein of this gene may be associated with the cytoskeleton. A similar protein in rats may play a role in the regulation of cell differentiation. The rat protein binds and inhibits the cell membrane glutamate transporter EAAC1. The expression of the rat gene is upregulated by retinoic acid, which results in a specific reduction in EAAC1-mediated glutamate transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 4

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in RNA splicing. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 1

This gene belongs to the ARL6ip family and encodes a transmembrane protein that is predominantly localized to intracytoplasmic membranes. It is highly expressed in early myeloid progenitor cells and thought to be involved in protein transport, membrane trafficking, or cell signaling during hematopoietic maturation. Mutations in this gene are associated with spastic paraplegia 61 (SPG61). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 15

Enables NAD+ binding activity; NAD+-protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity; and transcription corepressor activity. Involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II and protein poly-ADP-ribosylation. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. Biomarker of atherosclerosis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4 pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4D

ADP-ribosylation factor 4D is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARL4D is closely similar to ARL4A and ARL4C and each has a nuclear localization signal and an unusually high guanine nucleotide exchange rate. This protein may play a role in membrane-associated intracellular trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2021]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4C

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4C is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARL4C is closely similar to ARL4A and ARL4D and each has a nuclear localization signal and an unusually high guanine nucleotide exchange rate. This protein may play a role in cholesterol transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4A pseudogene

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 4 pseudogene 1

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 17

ADP-ribosylation factor 1-like

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 16

Enables NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity; kinase binding activity; and protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity. Involved in IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response; negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation; and protein auto-ADP-ribosylation. Located in endoplasmic reticulum tubular network and nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 14

This gene encodes a member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein family. The encoded anti-apoptotic protein may regulate aerobic glycolysis and promote survival of cancer cells. Increased expression of this gene has been reported in a variety of tumor types. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 12

Enables NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Involved in protein auto-ADP-ribosylation. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 10

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), such as PARP10, regulate gene transcription by altering chromatin organization by adding ADP-ribose to histones. PARPs can also function as transcriptional cofactors (Yu et al., 2005 [PubMed 15674325]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 11

Enables NAD+-protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Involved in protein auto-ADP-ribosylation. Located in cytosol; nuclear body; and nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 17A pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor 1 pseudogene 1

ADP-ribosylation factor 1 pseudogene 2

ADP-ribosylation factor 1 pseudogene 3

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 17B

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in intracellular protein transport and vesicle-mediated transport. Predicted to be located in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 17A

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in intracellular protein transport and vesicle-mediated transport. Predicted to be located in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 10

ADP/ATP translocase 2-like

tankyrase, TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase

Enables NAD+-protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity; histone binding activity; and zinc ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; post-translational protein modification; and regulation of chromosome organization. Acts upstream of or within peptidyl-serine phosphorylation and peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Located in several cellular components, including chromosome, telomeric region; mitotic spindle pole; and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 2

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in COPI coating of Golgi vesicle. Located in Golgi apparatus; cytosol; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 14 pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4A

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 pseudogene 1

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A pseudogene 4

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A pseudogene 2

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A pseudogene 1

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 8

Enables NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Involved in protein auto-ADP-ribosylation. Predicted to be active in endoplasmic reticulum tubular network and nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 9

Enables several functions, including ADP-D-ribose binding activity; NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity; and STAT family protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including DNA damage checkpoint signaling; regulation of defense response; and regulation of macromolecule metabolic process. Located in several cellular components, including mitochondrion; nucleoplasm; and site of DNA damage. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 6

Enables NAD+-protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and NAD+-protein-cysteine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Involved in protein auto-ADP-ribosylation. Predicted to be active in endoplasmic reticulum tubular network and nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 2

This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 2 protein, which contains a catalytic domain and is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. The basic residues within the N-terminal region of this protein may bear potential DNA-binding properties, and may be involved in the nuclear and/or nucleolar targeting of the protein. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the PARP family. These enzymes modify nuclear proteins by poly-ADP-ribosylation, which is required for DNA repair, regulation of apoptosis, and maintenance of genomic stability. This gene encodes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase 3, which is preferentially localized to the daughter centriole throughout the cell cycle. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit

Succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that acts as a heterodimer, being composed of an invariant alpha subunit and a substrate-specific beta subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is an ATP-specific SCS beta subunit that dimerizes with the SCS alpha subunit to form SCS-A, an essential component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. SCS-A hydrolyzes ATP to convert succinate to succinyl-CoA. Defects in this gene are a cause of myopathic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. A pseudogene of this gene has been found on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase

This gene encodes a member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase superfamily. Studies of the mouse ortholog have shown that the encoded protein catalyzes histone poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and may be involved in T-cell function. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that associates with the Golgi apparatus and regulates the early secretory pathway of proteins. The encoded protein promotes hydrolysis of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1)-bound GTP, which is required for the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is a prerequisite for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. The activity of this protein is sensitive to phospholipids. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene was originally known as ARFGAP1, but that is now the name of a related but different gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase-activating protein, which associates with the Golgi apparatus and which interacts with ADP-ribosylation factor 1. The encoded protein promotes hydrolysis of ADP-ribosylation factor 1-bound GTP and is required for the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. The activity of this protein is stimulated by phosphoinosides and inhibited by phosphatidylcholine. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins. With its distinctive nuclear/nucleolar localization and interaction with HP1alpha, the protein is developmentally regulated and may play a role(s) in nuclear dynamics and/or signaling cascades during embryonic development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5C

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in intracellular protein transport; protein localization to Golgi membrane; and vesicle-mediated transport. Predicted to be active in trans-Golgi network. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5B

ARL5B (ARL8) belongs to a family of proteins that are structurally similar to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs; see MIM 103180). ARLs and ARFs are part of the RAS superfamily of regulatory GTPases.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

ADP-ribosylation factor 3

ADP-ribosylation factor 3 (ARF3) is a member of the human ARF gene family. These genes encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products include 6 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins and constitute one family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I (ARF1, ARF2,and ARF3), class II (ARF4 and ARF5) and class III (ARF6) and members of each class share a common gene organization. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2022]

ADP-ribosylation factor 1

ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) is a member of the human ARF gene family. The family members encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products, including 6 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins, constitute a family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I (ARF1, ARF2 and ARF3), class II (ARF4 and ARF5) and class III (ARF6), and members of each class share a common gene organization. The ARF1 protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and has a central role in intra-Golgi transport. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor 6

This gene encodes a member of the human ARF gene family, which is part of the RAS superfamily. The ARF genes encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The product of this gene is localized to the plasma membrane, and regulates vesicular trafficking, remodelling of membrane lipids, and signaling pathways that lead to actin remodeling. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor 5

This gene is a member of the human ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) gene family. These genes encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products include 6 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins and constitute 1 family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I (ARF1, ARF2,and ARF3), class II (ARF4 and ARF5) and class III (ARF6). The members of each class share a common gene organization. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

ADP-ribosylation factor 4

This gene is a member of the human ARF gene family whose members encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products include 5 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins and constitute one family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I, class II and class III; this gene is a class II member. The members of each class share a common gene organization. The ARF4 gene spans approximately 12kb and contains six exons and five introns. This gene is the most divergent member of the human ARFs. Conflicting map positions at 3p14 or 3p21 have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14 effector protein pseudogene

ADP-ribosyltransferase 2, pseudogene

Predicted to enable NAD+-protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds. Predicted to be involved in NAD catabolic process. Predicted to be located in external side of plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase, manganese-dependent

Predicted to enable 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase activity; manganese ion binding activity; and pyrophosphatase activity. Predicted to be located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 1

Enables phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi. Acts upstream of or within intracellular protein transport and regulation of protein secretion. Located in Golgi membrane; cytosol; and trans-Golgi network membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 2

Enables several functions, including GTP-dependent protein binding activity; membrane curvature sensor activity; and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding activity. Involved in actin cytoskeleton organization; mitophagy; and protein localization to phagophore assembly site. Located in several cellular components, including nucleolus; ruffle; and trans-Golgi network membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 pseudogene 2

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 8B

Enables G protein activity; guanyl ribonucleotide binding activity; and tubulin binding activity. Involved in several processes, including antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis; cytosolic transport; and vesicle fusion. Located in cytolytic granule membrane; midbody; and spindle midzone. Is active in early endosome membrane and lysosomal membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 8A

Enables GTP binding activity. Predicted to be involved in anterograde axonal transport and chromosome segregation. Located in cytoplasm; midbody; and spindle midzone. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14 effector protein-like

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 1 pseudogene

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene

succinate-CoA ligase, ADP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene

poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 4 pseudogene 2

ADP-ribosylhydrolase like 1

ADP-ribosylation is a reversible posttranslational modification used to regulate protein function. ADP-ribosyltransferases (see ART1; MIM 601625) transfer ADP-ribose from NAD+ to the target protein, and ADP-ribosylhydrolases, such as ADPRHL1, reverse the reaction (Glowacki et al., 2002 [PubMed 12070318]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ADP-ribosylhydrolase like 2

This gene encodes a member of the ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the removal of ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylated proteins. This enzyme localizes to the mitochondria, in addition to the nucleus and cytoplasm.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 17

ADP ribosylation factor 2, pseudogene

ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 4A pseudogene 5