Harmonizome 3.0

mitochondrial fission process 1

MTP18 is a mitochondrial protein and downstream target of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (see PIK3CA, MIM 171834) signaling pathway that plays a role in cell viability and mitochondrial dynamics (Tondera et al., 2004 [PubMed 15155745]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 pseudogene 1

fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2

This gene encodes a gluconeogenesis regulatory enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1, a gluconeogenesis regulatory enzyme, catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency is associated with hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate pseudogene 2

aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate pseudogene 1

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1

This gene encodes a member of the family of bifunctional 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase:fructose-2,6-biphosphatase enzymes. The enzyme forms a homodimer that catalyzes both the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-biphosphate using independent catalytic domains. Fructose-2,6-biphosphate is an activator of the glycolysis pathway and an inhibitor of the gluconeogenesis pathway. Consequently, regulating fructose-2,6-biphosphate levels through the activity of this enzyme is thought to regulate glucose homeostasis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of bifunctional proteins that are involved in both the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a regulatory molecule that controls glycolysis in eukaryotes. The encoded protein has a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity that catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP), and a fructose-2,6-biphosphatase activity that catalyzes the degradation of F2,6BP. This protein is required for cell cycle progression and prevention of apoptosis. It functions as a regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase 1, linking glucose metabolism to cell proliferation and survival in tumor cells. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in both the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a regulatory molecule that controls glycolysis in eukaryotes. The encoded protein has a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity that catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, and a fructose-2,6-biphosphatase activity that catalyzes the degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. This protein regulates fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in the heart, while a related enzyme encoded by a different gene regulates fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in the liver and muscle. This enzyme functions as a homodimer. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4

The protein encoded by this gene is one of four bifunctional kinase/phosphatases that regulate the concentration of the glycolytic byproduct fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP). The encoded protein is highly expressed in cancer cells and is induced by hypoxia. This protein is essential to the survival of cancer cells under conditions of hypoxia, because it increases the amount of F2,6BP and ATP at a time when the cell cannot produce much of them. This finding suggests that this protein may be a good target for disruption in cancer cells, hopefully imperiling their survival. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1

This gene encodes the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine pathway and controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. The product of this gene catalyzes the formation of glucosamine 6-phosphate. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2

Enables glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) activity. Involved in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process and fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glucose-fructose oxidoreductase domain containing 2

Predicted to enable nucleotide binding activity and oxidoreductase activity. Predicted to be involved in extracellular matrix organization. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glucose-fructose oxidoreductase domain containing 1

Predicted to enable nucleotide binding activity and oxidoreductase activity. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glucose-fructose oxidoreductase domain containing 2 pseudogene

solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose/fructose transporter), member 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a fructose transporter responsible for fructose uptake by the small intestine. The encoded protein also is necessary for the increase in blood pressure due to high dietary fructose consumption. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate

This gene encodes a member of the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase protein family. The encoded protein is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Three aldolase isozymes (A, B, and C), encoded by three different genes, are differentially expressed during development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Glycogen Storage Disease XII, an autosomal recessive disorder associated with hemolytic anemia. Disruption of this gene also plays a role in the progression of multiple types of cancers. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 3 and 10. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate

This gene encodes a member of the class I fructose-biphosphate aldolase gene family. Expressed specifically in the hippocampus and Purkinje cells of the brain, the encoded protein is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible aldol cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate and fructose 1-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and either glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

aldolase B, fructose-bisphosphate

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) is a tetrameric glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Vertebrates have 3 aldolase isozymes which are distinguished by their electrophoretic and catalytic properties. Differences indicate that aldolases A, B, and C are distinct proteins, the products of a family of related 'housekeeping' genes exhibiting developmentally regulated expression of the different isozymes. The developing embryo produces aldolase A, which is produced in even greater amounts in adult muscle where it can be as much as 5% of total cellular protein. In adult liver, kidney and intestine, aldolase A expression is repressed and aldolase B is produced. In brain and other nervous tissue, aldolase A and C are expressed about equally. There is a high degree of homology between aldolase A and C. Defects in ALDOB cause hereditary fructose intolerance. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase 1

Enables GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase activity. Involved in glucose metabolic process. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

GDP dissociation inhibitor 2

GDP dissociation inhibitors are proteins that regulate the GDP-GTP exchange reaction of members of the rab family, small GTP-binding proteins of the ras superfamily, that are involved in vesicular trafficking of molecules between cellular organelles. GDIs slow the rate of dissociation of GDP from rab proteins and release GDP from membrane-bound rabs. GDI2 is ubiquitously expressed. The GDI2 gene contains many repetitive elements indicating that it may be prone to inversion/deletion rearrangements. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GDP dissociation inhibitor 1

GDP dissociation inhibitors are proteins that regulate the GDP-GTP exchange reaction of members of the rab family, small GTP-binding proteins of the ras superfamily, that are involved in vesicular trafficking of molecules between cellular organelles. GDIs slow the rate of dissociation of GDP from rab proteins and release GDP from membrane-bound rabs. GDI1 is expressed primarily in neural and sensory tissues. Mutations in GDI1 have been linked to X-linked nonspecific cognitive disability. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 35 (GDP-fucose transporter), member C2

This gene encodes a member of the triose-phosphate transporter protein family. This gene is regulated by oxygen tension, is induced in hypoxic trophoblast cells, and is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

solute carrier family 35 (GDP-fucose transporter), member C1

This gene encodes a GDP-fucose transporter that is found in the Golgi apparatus. Mutations in this gene result in congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIc. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 pseudogene 2

GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 pseudogene 1

solute carrier family 35 (GDP-fucose transporter), member C2 pseudogene

RAP1, GTP-GDP dissociation stimulator 1

The smg GDP dissociation stimulator (smgGDS) protein is a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein with GTPase activity (Riess et al., 1993 [PubMed 8262526]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010]

Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) gamma

The GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) play a primary role in modulating the activation of GTPases by inhibiting the exchange of GDP for GTP. See ARHGDIB (MIM 602843).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) beta

Members of the Rho (or ARH) protein family (see MIM 165390) and other Ras-related small GTP-binding proteins (see MIM 179520) are involved in diverse cellular events, including cell signaling, proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and secretion. The GTP-binding proteins are active only in the GTP-bound state. At least 3 classes of proteins tightly regulate cycling between the GTP-bound and GDP-bound states: GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), guanine nucleotide-releasing factors (GRFs), and GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). The GDIs, including ARHGDIB, decrease the rate of GDP dissociation from Ras-like GTPases (summary by Scherle et al., 1993 [PubMed 8356058]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2010]

Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) alpha

This gene encodes a protein that plays a key role in the regulation of signaling through Rho GTPases. The encoded protein inhibits the disassociation of Rho family members from GDP (guanine diphosphate), thereby maintaining these factors in an inactive state. Activity of this protein is important in a variety of cellular processes, and expression of this gene may be altered in tumors. Mutations in this gene have been found in individuals with nephrotic syndrome, type 8. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

succinate-CoA ligase, GDP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene 4

succinate-CoA ligase, GDP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene 2

succinate-CoA ligase, GDP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene 3

succinate-CoA ligase, GDP-forming, beta subunit pseudogene 1

succinate-CoA ligase, GDP-forming, beta subunit

This gene encodes a GTP-specific beta subunit of succinyl-CoA synthetase. Succinyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the formation of succinyl-CoA and succinate. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 5 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

GDP-L-fucose synthase

Tissue specific transplantation antigen P35B is a NADP(H)-binding protein. It catalyze the two-step epimerase and the reductase reactions in GDP-D-mannose metabolism, converting GDP-4-keto-6-D-deoxymannose to GDP-L-fucose. GDP-L-fucose is the substrate of several fucosyltransferases involved in the expression of many glycoconjugates, including blood group ABH antigens and developmental adhesion antigens. Mutations in this gene may cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]