Harmonizome 3.0

par-3 family cell polarity regulator

This gene encodes a member of the PARD protein family. PARD family members interact with other PARD family members and other proteins; they affect asymmetrical cell division and direct polarized cell growth. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

par-3 family cell polarity regulator beta

Predicted to enable phosphatidylinositol binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including establishment of cell polarity; establishment of centrosome localization; and establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity. Located in cell junction. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

par-6 family cell polarity regulator gamma

Predicted to be involved in centrosome cycle; establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity; and regulation of cellular localization. Predicted to be located in cytosol and plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of PAR polarity complex. Predicted to be active in apical plasma membrane; cell cortex; and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

par-6 family cell polarity regulator beta

This gene is a member of the PAR6 family and encodes a protein with a PSD95/Discs-large/ZO1 (PDZ) domain, an OPR domain and a semi-Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain. This cytoplasmic protein is involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes as a member of a multi-protein complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

par-6 family cell polarity regulator alpha

This gene is a member of the PAR6 family and encodes a protein with a PSD95/Discs-large/ZO1 (PDZ) domain and a semi-Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain. This cell membrane protein is involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes as a member of a multi-protein complex. The protein also has a role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that characterizes the invasive phenotype associated with metastatic carcinomas. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

par-6 family cell polarity regulator beta pseudogene

scribbled planar cell polarity protein

This gene encodes a protein that was identified as being similar to the Drosophila scribble protein. The mammalian protein is involved in tumor suppression pathways. As a scaffold protein involved in cell polarization processes, this protein binds to many other proteins. The encoded protein binds to papillomavirus E6 protein via its PDZ domain and the C-terminus of E6. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

dishevelled segment polarity protein 1 pseudogene 1

Predicted to enable frizzled binding activity. Predicted to be involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in cytosol. Implicated in DiGeorge syndrome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dishevelled segment polarity protein 2

This gene encodes a member of the dishevelled (dsh) protein family. The vertebrate dsh proteins have approximately 40% amino acid sequence similarity with Drosophila dsh. This gene encodes a 90-kD protein that undergoes posttranslational phosphorylation to form a 95-kD cytoplasmic protein, which may play a role in the signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple Wnt proteins. The mechanisms of dishevelled function in Wnt signaling are likely to be conserved among metazoans. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

dishevelled segment polarity protein 3

This gene is a member of a multi-gene family which shares strong similarity with the Drosophila dishevelled gene, dsh. The Drosophila dishevelled gene encodes a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that regulates cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

VANGL planar cell polarity protein 1

This gene encodes a member of the tretraspanin family. The encoded protein may be involved in mediating intestinal trefoil factor induced wound healing in the intestinal mucosa. Mutations in this gene are associated with neural tube defects. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

fuzzy planar cell polarity protein

This gene encodes a planar cell polarity protein that is involved in ciliogenesis and directional cell movement. Knockout studies in mice exhibit neural tube defects and defective cilia, and mutations in this gene are associated with neural tube defects in humans. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

inturned planar cell polarity protein

Predicted to enable phosphatidylinositol binding activity. Involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis; roof of mouth development; and tongue morphogenesis. Located in ciliary basal body and motile cilium. Implicated in asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy and orofaciodigital syndrome XVII. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

VPS33B interacting protein, apical-basolateral polarity regulator, spe-39 homolog

Involved in endosome to lysosome transport and intracellular protein transport. Acts upstream of or within collagen metabolic process and peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation. Located in Golgi apparatus and endosome. Part of endosome and vesicle tethering complex. Implicated in arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis 2. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

VANGL planar cell polarity protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein involved in the regulation of planar cell polarity, especially in the stereociliary bundles of the cochlea. The encoded protein transmits directional signals to individual cells or groups of cells in epithelial sheets. This protein is also involved in the development of the neural plate. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

WD repeat containing planar cell polarity effector

This gene encodes a cytoplasmic WD40 repeat protein. A similar gene in frogs encodes a planar cell polarity protein that plays a critical role in collective cell movement and ciliogenesis by mediating septin localization. Mutations in this gene are associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome 15 and may also play a role in Meckel-Gruber syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

dishevelled segment polarity protein 1

DVL1, the human homolog of the Drosophila dishevelled gene (dsh) encodes a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that regulates cell proliferation, acting as a transducer molecule for developmental processes, including segmentation and neuroblast specification. DVL1 is a candidate gene for neuroblastomatous transformation. The Schwartz-Jampel syndrome and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A have been mapped to the same region as DVL1. The phenotypes of these diseases may be consistent with defects which might be expected from aberrant expression of a DVL gene during development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PATJ crumbs cell polarity complex component

This gene encodes a protein with multiple PDZ domains. PDZ domains mediate protein-protein interactions, and proteins with multiple PDZ domains often organize multimeric complexes at the plasma membrane. This protein localizes to tight junctions and to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. A similar protein in Drosophila is a scaffolding protein which tethers several members of a multimeric signaling complex in photoreceptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector complex subunit 1

The protein encoded by this gene has putative coiled-coil domains and may be a transmembrane protein. Defects in this gene are a cause of Joubert syndrome (JBTS). [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector complex subunit 2

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cilium assembly; protein localization; and regulation of vesicle-mediated transport. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including axoneme assembly; endocardial cushion fusion; and regulation of smoothened signaling pathway. Located in centriole; ciliary basal body; and ciliary transition zone. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]