Harmonizome 3.0

downregulated RNA in cancer, inhibitor of cell invasion and migration

migration and invasion enhancer 1

Involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process; positive regulation of cell migration; and positive regulation of filopodium assembly. Located in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane and cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

suppressor of cancer cell invasion

This gene encodes a regulator of cell migration. The encoded protein appears to function in the RhoA (ras homolog gene family, member A)-Dia1 (diaphanous homolog 1) signal transduction pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

T-cell tumor invasion and metastasis 1

T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1

This gene encodes a RAC1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). GEFs mediate the exchange of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) for guanosine triphosphate (GTP). The binding of GTP induces a conformational change in RAC1 that allows downstream effectors to bind and transduce a signal. This gene thus regulates RAC1 signaling pathways that affect cell shape, migration, adhesion, growth, survival, and polarity, as well as influencing actin cytoskeletal formation, endocytosis, and membrane trafficking. This gene thus plays an important role in cell invasion, metastasis, and carcinogenesis. In addition to RAC1, the encoded protein activates additional Rho-like GTPases such as CDC42, RAC2, RAC3 and RHOA. This gene encodes multiple protein isoforms that experience a diverse array of intramolecular, protein-protein, and phosphorylation interactions as well as phosphoinositide binding. Both the longer and shorter isoforms have C-terminal Dbl homology (DH) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains while only the longer isoforms of this gene have the N-terminal myristoylation site and the downstream N-terminal PH domain, ras-binding domain (RBD), and PSD-95/DlgA/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2

This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. A highly similar mouse protein specifically activates ras-related C3 botulinum substrate 1, converting this Rho-like guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) from a guanosine diphosphate-bound inactive state to a guanosine triphosphate-bound active state. The encoded protein may play a role in neural cell development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

migration and invasion inhibitory protein

This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the oncogene protein insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 and may function as an inhibitor of cell migration and invasion. This protein also interacts with the cell division protein 20 and may be involved in regulating mitotic progression. This protein may function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the growth or certain cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

proline synthetase co-transcribed homolog (bacterial)

This gene encodes a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding protein involved in the homeostatic regulation of intracellular pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. This gene has a tumor suppressive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma and other solid tumors of epithelial origin. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with a pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like

The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with several thiamine pyrophosphate-binding proteins identified in bacteria, yeast, and plants. The highest degree of similarity is found with bacterial acetolactate synthases (AHAS), which are enzymes that catalyze the first step in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

YdjC homolog (bacterial)

Predicted to enable deacetylase activity and magnesium ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in carbohydrate metabolic process. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LanC lantibiotic synthetase component C-like 2 (bacterial)

Enables phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding activity; phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding activity; and phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription and positive regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway. Located in several cellular components, including cortical actin cytoskeleton; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LanC lantibiotic synthetase component C-like 3 (bacterial)

Predicted to be involved in carbohydrate metabolic process and peptide modification. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LanC lantibiotic synthetase component C-like 1 (bacterial)

This gene encodes a loosely associated peripheral membrane protein related to the LanC family of bacterial membrane-associated proteins involved in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial peptides. This protein may play a role as a peptide-modifying enzyme component in eukaryotic cells. Previously considered a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, this protein is now in the LanC family. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

arsA arsenite transporter, ATP-binding, homolog 1 (bacterial)

This gene represents the human homolog of the bacterial arsA gene, encoding the arsenite-stimulated ATPase component of the arsenite transporter responsible for resistance to arsenicals. This protein is also a central component of a transmembrane domain (TMD) recognition complex (TRC) that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It recognizes and selectively binds the TMD of TA proteins in the cytosol, and delivers them to the ER for insertion. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

LanC lantibiotic synthetase component C-like 3 (bacterial) pseudogene

epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 pseudogene

lens epithelial protein

The ocular lens is a tissue of epithelial origin and devoid of blood vessels and nerves. Cells of the lens epithelium are responsible for the growth and maintenance of the lens through mitosis, protein synthesis, and active transport of ions and metabolites across the lens capsule. Lens epithelial protein is expressed exclusively in lens epithelial cells and may play a role in cell differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

epithelial mitogen

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. Members of this family are ligands for the epidermal growth factor receptor and play a role in cell survival, proliferation and migration. This protein has been reported to have high mitogenic activity but low affinity for its receptor. Expression of this transcript and protein have been reported in cancer specimens of the breast, bladder, and prostate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

epithelial cell adhesion molecule

This gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen and is a member of a family that includes at least two type I membrane proteins. This antigen is expressed on most normal epithelial cells and gastrointestinal carcinomas and functions as a homotypic calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule. The antigen is being used as a target for immunotherapy treatment of human carcinomas. Mutations in this gene result in congenital tufting enteropathy. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

epithelial membrane protein 2

This gene encodes a tetraspan protein of the PMP22/EMP family. The encoded protein regulates cell membrane composition. It has been associated with various functions including endocytosis, cell signaling, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell adhesion, cell death, cholesterol homeostasis, urinary albumin excretion, and embryo implantation. It is known to negatively regulate caveolin-1, a scaffolding protein which is the main component of the caveolae plasma membrane invaginations found in most cell types. Through activation of PTK2 it positively regulates vascular endothelial growth factor A. It also modulates the function of specific integrin isomers in the plasma membrane. Up-regulation of this gene has been linked to cancer progression in multiple different tissues. Mutations in this gene have been associated with nephrotic syndrome type 10 (NPHS10). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015]

epithelial membrane protein 3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family of proteins. The protein contains four transmembrane domains and two N-linked glycosylation sites. It is thought to be involved in cell proliferation, cell-cell interactions and function as a tumor suppressor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

epithelial membrane protein 1

Involved in apoptotic process and bleb assembly. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1

ESPR1 is an epithelial cell-type-specific splicing regulator (Warzecha et al., 2009 [PubMed 19285943]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009]

Ovarian cancer, epithelial, susceptibility to

epithelial stromal interaction 1 (breast)

The protein encoded by this gene has been shown to promote tumor invasion and metastasis in some invasive cancer cells when overexpressed. Expression of this gene has been shown to be upregulated by direct binding of the Kruppel like factor 8 protein to promoter sequences. The translated protein interacts with the amino terminal region of the valosin containing protein gene product, resulting in the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 gene product, and activation of target genes. Overexpression of this gene has been observed in some breast cancers and in some individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1

This gene is predominantly expressed in prostate tissue, and is found to be upregulated in multiple cancer cell lines. The gene product is predicted to be a six-transmembrane protein, and was shown to be a cell surface antigen significantly expressed at cell-cell junctions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

epithelial cell adhesion molecule pseudogene

focally amplified long non-coding RNA in epithelial cancer

Corneal dystrophy, Lisch epithelial

epithelial membrane protein 2 pseudogene

cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial)

This gene encodes a classical cadherin of the cadherin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate the mature glycoprotein. This calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion protein is comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Mutations in this gene are correlated with gastric, breast, colorectal, thyroid and ovarian cancer. Loss of function of this gene is thought to contribute to cancer progression by increasing proliferation, invasion, and/or metastasis. The ectodomain of this protein mediates bacterial adhesion to mammalian cells and the cytoplasmic domain is required for internalization. This gene is present in a gene cluster with other members of the cadherin family on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

epithelial cell transforming 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and transforming protein that is related to Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. The expression of this gene is elevated with the onset of DNA synthesis and remains elevated during G2 and M phases. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression is at a high level in cells undergoing mitosis in regenerating liver. Thus, this protein is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner during liver regeneration, and is thought to have an important role in the regulation of cytokinesis. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

E74-like factor 3 (ets domain transcription factor, epithelial-specific )

Enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Involved in inflammatory response; negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in Golgi apparatus; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

epithelial cell transforming 2 like

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2

ESPR2 is an epithelial cell-type-specific splicing regulator (Warzecha et al., 2009 [PubMed 19285943]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009]

solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1

This gene encodes a member of the high-affinity glutamate transporters that play an essential role in transporting glutamate across plasma membranes. In brain, these transporters are crucial in terminating the postsynaptic action of the neurotransmitter glutamate, and in maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. This transporter also transports aspartate, and mutations in this gene are thought to cause dicarboxylicamino aciduria, also known as glutamate-aspartate transport defect. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]