Harmonizome 3.0

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 9 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 14 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 19 pseudogene 8

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 9 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 15

Predicted to enable ATPase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in protein import into mitochondrial matrix. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including cellular response to starvation; negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone; and negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 16

Involved in regulation of autophagosome size. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 17

Predicted to enable RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in spliceosomal complex disassembly. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Predicted to be part of spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 14

Predicted to enable dopamine receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in protein transport. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 12

This gene encodes a member of a subclass of the HSP40/DnaJ protein family. Members of this family of proteins are associated with complex assembly, protein folding, and export. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 13

This gene encodes a member of the Dnaj protein family whose members act as co-chaperones of a partner heat-shock protein by binding to the latter and stimulating ATP hydrolysis. The encoded protein associates with the heat-shock protein Hsc70 and plays a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It may also be involved in post-endocytic transport mechanisms via its associations with other proteins, including the sorting nexin SNX1. Mutations in this gene are associated with Parkinson's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 10

This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum co-chaperone which is part of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation complex involved in recognizing and degrading misfolded proteins. The encoded protein reduces incorrect disulfide bonds in misfolded glycoproteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 11

Involved in cristae formation. Located in MICOS complex; SAM complex; and nuclear speck. Part of MIB complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 18

Predicted to enable Hsp70 protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cellular response to misfolded protein and chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 19

The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be part of a complex involved in the ATP-dependent transport of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner cell membrane to the mitochondrial matrix. Defects in this gene are a cause of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5 (MGA5), also known as dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA). Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 14 and 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 13

This gene encodes a member of the heat shock protein 40 co-chaperone family which is produced in large amounts in the testis and is located on the radial spokes of the axoneme in human sperm flagella and other flagellar structures. The encoded protein associates with the sperm annulus, as part of the septin complex, through direct interaction with septin 4, during sperm terminal differentiation. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia and male infertility. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 12

DNAJB12 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins, which regulate molecular chaperone activity by stimulating ATPase activity. DNAJ proteins may have up to 3 distinct domains: a conserved 70-amino acid J domain, usually at the N terminus; a glycine/phenylalanine (G/F)-rich region; and a cysteine-rich domain containing 4 motifs resembling a zinc finger domain (Ohtsuka and Hata, 2000 [PubMed 11147971]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 14

Enables Hsp70 protein binding activity. Involved in chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding and protein-containing complex assembly. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 28

This gene encodes a member of the DnaJ heat shock protein family. The encoded protein, which contains a conserved N-terminal DnaJ domain, is thought to play a role in protein folding or act as a molecular chaperone protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 27

Predicted to enable GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in intracellular protein transport. Predicted to be located in cytoplasmic vesicle and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C , member 25

Predicted to be involved in protein folding. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 24

Diphthamide is a unique posttranslationally modified histidine found only in translation elongation factor-2 (EEF2; MIM 130610). This modification is conserved from archaebacteria to humans and serves as the target for ADP-ribosylation and inactivation of EEF2 by diphtheria toxin (DT) and Pseudomonas exotoxin A. DPH4 is 1 of several enzymes involved in synthesis of diphthamide in EEF2 (Liu et al., 2004 [PubMed 15485916]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 22

Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 21

This gene encodes a member of the DNAJ heat shock protein 40 family of proteins that is characterized by two N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domains and a C-terminal DNAJ domain. This protein binds the precursor 45S ribosomal RNA and may be involved in early nuclear ribosomal RNA biogenesis and maturation of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this gene result in Bone marrow failure syndrome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 2

This gene is almost exclusively expressed in the brain, mainly in the neuronal layers. It encodes a protein that shows sequence similarity to bacterial DnaJ protein and the yeast homologs. In bacteria, this protein is implicated in protein folding and protein complex dissociation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a molecular chaperone, tumor suppressor, and member of the heat shock protein-40 family. The encoded protein binds the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin and targets it to the plasma membrane. This protein also binds incorrectly folded E-cadherin and targets it for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. This gene is a strong tumor suppressor for colorectal carcinoma, and downregulation of it may serve as a good biomarker for predicting patient outcomes. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 9

This gene is a member of the J protein family. J proteins function in many cellular processes by regulating the ATPase activity of 70 kDa heat shock proteins. This gene is a member of the type 2 subgroup of DnaJ proteins. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein is induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and plays a role in protecting stressed cells from apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 8

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins that regulate chaperone activity. This family member suppresses aggregation and toxicity of polyglutamine proteins, and the C-terminal tail is essential for this activity. It has been implicated as a cancer-testis antigen and as a cancer stem-like cell antigen involved in renal cell carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 3

Predicted to enable Hsp70 protein binding activity and unfolded protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in chaperone-mediated protein folding. Predicted to be located in acrosomal vesicle and centrosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 1

This gene encodes a member of the DnaJ or Hsp40 (heat shock protein 40 kD) family of proteins. DNAJ family members are characterized by a highly conserved amino acid stretch called the 'J-domain' and function as one of the two major classes of molecular chaperones involved in a wide range of cellular events, such as protein folding and oligomeric protein complex assembly. The encoded protein is a molecular chaperone that stimulates the ATPase activity of Hsp70 heat-shock proteins in order to promote protein folding and prevent misfolded protein aggregation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 7

The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins, which regulate molecular chaperone activity by stimulating ATPase activity. DNAJ proteins may have up to 3 distinct domains: a conserved 70-amino acid J domain, usually at the N terminus; a glycine/phenylalanine (G/F)-rich region; and a cysteine-rich domain containing 4 motifs resembling a zinc finger domain.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 6

This gene encodes a member of the DNAJ protein family. DNAJ family members are characterized by a highly conserved amino acid stretch called the 'J-domain' and function as one of the two major classes of molecular chaperones involved in a wide range of cellular events, such as protein folding and oligomeric protein complex assembly. This family member may also play a role in polyglutamine aggregation in specific neurons. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 5

This gene encodes a member of the DNAJ heat shock protein 40 family of co-chaperone proteins. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal DNAJ domain and a C-terminal substrate binding domain but lacks the cysteine-rich domain found in other DNAJ family members. In mice, a multi-protein complex containing this protein, thioredoxin 1, and histone deacetylase 4, serves as a master negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 2 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 1 pseudogene 5

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 1 pseudogene 4

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 1 pseudogene 6

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 1 pseudogene 1

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 1 pseudogene 3

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 1 pseudogene 2

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 12 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins, which regulate molecular chaperone activity by stimulating ATPase activity. DNAJ proteins may have up to 3 distinct domains: a conserved 70-amino acid J domain, usually at the N terminus; a glycine/phenylalanine (G/F)-rich region; and a cysteine-rich domain containing 4 motifs resembling a zinc finger domain. The product of this gene works as a cochaperone of Hsp70s in protein folding and mitochondrial protein import in vitro. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 3

This gene encodes a member of the DNAJ/Hsp40 protein family. DNAJ/Hsp40 proteins stimulate the ATPase activity of Hsp70 chaperones and play critical roles in protein folding, degradation, and multimeric complex assembly. The encoded protein is localized to mitochondria and mediates several cellular processes including proliferation, survival and apoptotic signal transduction. The encoded protein also plays a critical role in tumor suppression through interactions with oncogenic proteins including ErbB2 and the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 1

This gene encodes a member of the DnaJ family of proteins, which act as heat shock protein 70 cochaperones. Heat shock proteins facilitate protein folding, trafficking, prevention of aggregation, and proteolytic degradation. Members of this family are characterized by a highly conserved N-terminal J domain, a glycine/phenylalanine-rich region, four CxxCxGxG zinc finger repeats, and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain. The J domain mediates the interaction with heat shock protein 70 to recruit substrates and regulate ATP hydrolysis activity. In humans, this gene has been implicated in positive regulation of virus replication through co-option by the influenza A virus. Several pseudogenes of this gene are found on other chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 4

Enables protein-folding chaperone binding activity and unfolded protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of endothelial cell migration; negative regulation of inclusion body assembly; and protein refolding. Located in cytosol and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 11

This gene encodes a soluble glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen that functions as a co-chaperone of binding immunoglobulin protein, a 70 kilodalton heat shock protein chaperone required for the proper folding and assembly of proteins in the ER. The encoded protein contains a highly conserved J domain of about 70 amino acids with a characteristic His-Pro-Asp (HPD) motif and may regulate the activity of binding immunoglobulin protein by stimulating ATPase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 19 pseudogene 3

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 19 pseudogene 2

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 19 pseudogene 5

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 19 pseudogene 7

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 19 pseudogene 6

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 19 pseudogene 9

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 1

The membrane protein encoded by this gene is a DNAJ-like heat shock protein that binds the molecular chaperone BiP. In addition, the encoded protein contains two SANT domains that have been shown to bind serpin alpha1-antichymotrypsin and inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 17 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 8 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 7 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 8 pseudogene 1

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 1 pseudogene 1

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 7 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 5 beta

This gene encodes a member of the DNAJ heat shock protein 40 family of co-chaperone proteins that is characterized by an N-terminal DNAJ domain, a linker region, and a cysteine-rich C-terminal domain. The encoded protein, together with heat shock protein 70, is thought to regulate the proper folding of other proteins. The orthologous mouse protein is membrane-associated and is targeted to the trans-golgi network. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 5 gamma

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 7 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 7 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 8

Enables Hsp70 protein binding activity. Located in cytosol; intercellular bridge; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 9

Enables heat shock protein binding activity; histone binding activity; and protein-folding chaperone binding activity. Involved in nucleosome assembly and positive regulation of ATP-dependent activity. Located in several cellular components, including cytosol; extracellular space; and nucleoplasm. Part of protein folding chaperone complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 4

Predicted to enable unfolded protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in protein folding and response to unfolded protein. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 5

This gene is a member of the J protein family. J proteins function in many cellular processes by regulating the ATPase activity of 70 kDa heat shock proteins. The encoded protein plays a role in membrane trafficking and protein folding, and has been shown to have anti-neurodegenerative properties. The encoded protein is known to play a role in cystic fibrosis and Huntington's disease. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 6

DNAJC6 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins, which regulate molecular chaperone activity by stimulating ATPase activity. DNAJ proteins may have up to 3 distinct domains: a conserved 70-amino acid J domain, usually at the N terminus, a glycine/phenylalanine (G/F)-rich region, and a cysteine-rich domain containing 4 motifs resembling a zinc finger domain (Ohtsuka and Hata, 2000 [PubMed 11147971]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 7

This gene encodes a member of the DNAJ heat shock protein 40 family of proteins that is characterized by two N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domains and a C-terminal DNAJ domain. This protein binds the chaperone proteins heat shock proteins 70 and 90 in an ATP-dependent manner and may function as a co-chaperone. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 1 and 6. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 2

This gene is a member of the M-phase phosphoprotein (MPP) family. The gene encodes a phosphoprotein with a J domain and a Myb DNA-binding domain which localizes to both the nucleus and the cytosol. The protein is capable of forming a heterodimeric complex that associates with ribosomes, acting as a molecular chaperone for nascent polypeptide chains as they exit the ribosome. This protein was identified as a leukemia-associated antigen and expression of the gene is upregulated in leukemic blasts. Also, chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with primary head and neck squamous cell tumors. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 6. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 3

This gene encodes a protein with multiple tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs as well as the highly conserved J domain found in DNAJ chaperone family members. It is a member of the tetratricopeptide repeat family of proteins and acts as an inhibitor of the interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 5 pseudogene 1

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 3 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 5 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 8 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 7 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 7 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 8 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 19 pseudogene 1

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 17 pseudogene

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 30

This intronless gene encodes a member of the DNAJ molecular chaperone homology domain-containing protein family. This gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

signal peptide peptidase like 3

Enables aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway; membrane protein proteolysis; and positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade. Located in Golgi-associated vesicle membrane; endoplasmic reticulum; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

peptide YY

This gene encodes a member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate two alternative peptide products that differ in length by three amino acids. These peptides, secreted by endocrine cells in the gut, exhibit different binding affinities for each of the neuropeptide Y receptors. Binding of the encoded peptides to these receptors mediates regulation of pancreatic secretion, gut mobility and energy homeostasis. Rare variations in this gene could increase susceptibility to obesity and elevated serum levels of the encoded peptides may be associated with anorexia nervosa. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

peptide YY, 2 (pseudogene)

Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

peptide YY, 3 (pseudogene)

Predicted to enable neuropeptide Y receptor binding activity and neuropeptide hormone activity. Predicted to be involved in feeding behavior and neuropeptide signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase

This gene encodes human pituitary glutaminyl cyclase, which is responsible for the presence of pyroglutamyl residues in many neuroendocrine peptides. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme is 86% identical to that of bovine glutaminyl cyclase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase

This gene encodes the enzyme acylpeptide hydrolase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the terminal acetylated amino acid preferentially from small acetylated peptides. The acetyl amino acid formed by this hydrolase is further processed to acetate and a free amino acid by an aminoacylase. This gene is located within the same region of chromosome 3 (3p21) as the aminoacylase gene, and deletions at this locus are also associated with a decrease in aminoacylase activity. The acylpeptide hydrolase is a homotetrameric protein of 300 kDa with each subunit consisting of 732 amino acid residues. It can play an important role in destroying oxidatively damaged proteins in living cells. Deletions of this gene locus are found in various types of carcinomas, including small cell lung carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide

This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. The encoded products are members of the RFamide family of neuropeptides, characterized by their common protein C-terminus consisting of an arginine (R) and an amidated phenylalanine (F). These products include the neuropeptides 26RFa and the N-terminally extended form, 43RFa. Both of these neuropeptides bind to the pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor (QRFPR) and may regulate blood pressure, reproduction and food intake in rodents. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

formyl peptide receptor 1 pseudogene

signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF-like 2

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity; hedgehog family protein binding activity; and lipid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis; positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation; and positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in cell surface and extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF-like 3

This gene encodes a member of the signal peptide, complement subcomponents C1r/C1s, Uegf, bone morphogenetic protein-1 and epidermal growth factor-like domain containing protein family. Overexpression of this gene in human embryonic kidney cells results in secretion of a glycosylated form of the protein that forms oligomers and tethers to the cell surface. This gene is upregulated in lung cancer tumor tissue compared to healthy tissue and is associated with loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and with increased expression of vimentin, a mesenchymal marker. In addition, the protein encoded by this gene is a transforming growth factor beta receptor ligand, and when secreted by cancer cells, it can be cleaved in vitro to release the N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like repeat domain and the C-terminal complement subcomponents C1r/C1s domain. Both the full length protein and C-terminal fragment can bind to the transforming growth factor beta type II receptor to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor angiogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF-like 1

This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein that is a member of the SCUBE (signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like protein) family. Family members have an amino-terminal signal peptide, nine copies of EGF-like repeats and a CUB domain at the carboxyl terminus. This protein is expressed in platelets and endothelial cells and may play an important role in vascular biology. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

signal peptide peptidase like 3 pseudogene

hepcidin antimicrobial peptide

The product encoded by this gene is involved in the maintenance of iron homeostasis, and it is necessary for the regulation of iron storage in macrophages, and for intestinal iron absorption. The preproprotein is post-translationally cleaved into mature peptides of 20, 22 and 25 amino acids, and these active peptides are rich in cysteines, which form intramolecular bonds that stabilize their beta-sheet structures. These peptides exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Mutations in this gene cause hemochromatosis type 2B, also known as juvenile hemochromatosis, a disease caused by severe iron overload that results in cardiomyopathy, cirrhosis, and endocrine failure. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

natriuretic peptide A

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the natriuretic peptide family. Natriuretic peptides are implicated in the control of extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis. This protein is synthesized as a large precursor (containing a signal peptide), which is processed to release a peptide from the N-terminus with similarity to vasoactive peptide, cardiodilatin, and another peptide from the C-terminus with natriuretic-diuretic activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with atrial fibrillation familial type 6. This gene is located adjacent to another member of the natriuretic family of peptides on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2

This gene encodes a receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide, a small neuropeptide. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is involved in smooth muscle relaxation, exocrine and endocrine secretion, and water and ion flux in lung and intestinal epithelia. Its actions are effected through integral membrane receptors associated with a guanine nucleotide binding protein which activates adenylate cyclase. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1

This gene encodes a receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide, a small neuropeptide. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is involved in smooth muscle relaxation, exocrine and endocrine secretion, and water and ion flux in lung and intestinal epithelia. Its actions are effected through integral membrane receptors associated with a guanine nucleotide binding protein which activates adenylate cyclase. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

galanin-like peptide

This gene encodes a member of the galanin family of neuropeptides. The encoded protein binds galanin receptors 1, 2 and 3 with the highest affinity for galanin receptor 3 and has been implicated in biological processes involving the central nervous system including hypothalamic regulation of metabolism and reproduction. A peptide encoded by a splice variant of this gene, termed alarin, has vasoactive properties, displays antimicrobial activity against E. coli, and may serve as a marker for neuroblastic tumors.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 3 pseudogene

natriuretic peptide receptor 2

This gene encodes natriuretic peptide receptor B, one of two integral membrane receptors for natriuretic peptides. Both NPR1 and NPR2 contain five functional domains: an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single membrane-spanning region, and intracellularly a protein kinase homology domain, a helical hinge region involved in oligomerization, and a carboxyl-terminal guanylyl cyclase catalytic domain. The protein is the primary receptor for C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which upon ligand binding exhibits greatly increased guanylyl cyclase activity. Mutations in this gene are the cause of acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux type. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

natriuretic peptide receptor 3

This gene encodes one of three natriuretic peptide receptors. Natriutetic peptides are small peptides which regulate blood volume and pressure, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac function as well as some metabolic and growth processes. The product of this gene encodes a natriuretic peptide receptor responsible for clearing circulating and extracellular natriuretic peptides through endocytosis of the receptor. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

tetra-peptide repeat homeobox 1

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This gene is a member of the TPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tetra-peptide repeat homeobox-like

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the TPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

gastrin-releasing peptide receptor

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) regulates numerous functions of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, including release of gastrointestinal hormones, smooth muscle cell contraction, and epithelial cell proliferation and is a potent mitogen for neoplastic tissues. The effects of GRP are mediated through the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. This receptor is a glycosylated, 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor that activates the phospholipase C signaling pathway. The receptor is aberrantly expressed in numerous cancers such as those of the lung, colon, and prostate. An individual with autism and multiple exostoses was found to have a balanced translocation between chromosome 8 and a chromosome X breakpoint located within the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

signal peptide peptidase like 2A

This gene encodes a member of the GXGD family of aspartic proteases, which are transmembrane proteins with two conserved catalytic motifs localized within the membrane-spanning regions, as well as a member of the signal peptide peptidase-like protease (SPPL) family. This protein is expressed in all major adult human tissues and localizes to late endosomal compartments and lysosomal membranes. A pseudogene of this gene also lies on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

signal peptide peptidase like 2C

Enables protein homodimerization activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including acrosome assembly; fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization; and membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis. Located in cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane and lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

signal peptide peptidase like 2B

This gene encodes a member of the GXGD family of aspartic proteases. The GXGD proteases are transmembrane proteins with two conserved catalytic motifs localized within the membrane-spanning regions. This enzyme localizes to endosomes, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane. It cleaves the transmembrane domain of tumor necrosis factor alpha to release the intracellular domain, which triggers cytokine expression in the innate and adaptive immunity pathways. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

gastrin-releasing peptide

This gene encodes a member of the bombesin-like family of gastrin-releasing peptides. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate two peptides, gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin-C. These peptides regulate numerous functions of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, including release of gastrointestinal hormones, smooth muscle cell contraction, and epithelial cell proliferation. These peptides are also likely to play a role in human cancers of the lung, colon, stomach, pancreas, breast, and prostate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor

Enables G protein-coupled receptor activity. Involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in non-motile cilium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like

Enables glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase activity and zinc ion binding activity. Located in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

signal peptide peptidase like 2A pseudogene

cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide

This gene encodes a member of an antimicrobial peptide family, characterized by a highly conserved N-terminal signal peptide containing a cathelin domain and a structurally variable cationic antimicrobial peptide, which is produced by extracellular proteolysis from the C-terminus. The protein plays an important role in innate immunity defense against viruses. In addition to its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities, the encoded protein functions in cell chemotaxis, immune mediator induction, and inflammatory response regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2021]

natriuretic peptide B

This gene is a member of the natriuretic peptide family and encodes a secreted protein which functions as a cardiac hormone. The protein undergoes two cleavage events, one within the cell and a second after secretion into the blood. The protein's biological actions include natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation, inhibition of renin and aldosterone secretion, and a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis. A high concentration of this protein in the bloodstream is indicative of heart failure. The presence of myocardial injury is a significant predictor of mortality in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and there is evidence of increased levels of natriuretic peptide B in hospitalized non-survivor COVID-19 patients. The protein also acts as an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

natriuretic peptide C

This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. These products include the cardiac natriuretic peptides CNP-53, CNP-29 and CNP-22, which belong to the natriuretic family of peptides. The encoded peptides exhibit vasorelaxation activity in laboratory animals and elevated levels of CNP-22 have been observed in the plasma of chronic heart failure patients. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1

This gene encodes a member of the leucine-rich repeat-containing subgroup of the G protein-coupled 7-transmembrane receptor superfamily. The encoded protein plays a critical role in sperm motility, pregnancy and parturition as a receptor for the protein hormone relaxin. Decreased expression of this gene may play a role in endometriosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 3

Predicted to enable G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity. Involved in positive regulation of cytokinesis. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2

This gene encodes a member of the GPCR (G protein-coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor) family. Mutations in this gene are associated with cryptorchidism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 4

GPR100 is a member of the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) (Fredriksson et al., 2003 [PubMed 14623098]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

natriuretic peptide receptor 1

Guanylyl cyclases, catalyzing the production of cGMP from GTP, are classified as soluble and membrane forms (Garbers and Lowe, 1994 [PubMed 7982997]). The membrane guanylyl cyclases, often termed guanylyl cyclases A through F, form a family of cell-surface receptors with a similar topographic structure: an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and an intracellular region that contains a protein kinase-like domain and a cyclase catalytic domain. GC-A and GC-B function as receptors for natriuretic peptides; they are also referred to as atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR1) and type B (NPR2; MIM 108961). Also see NPR3 (MIM 108962), which encodes a protein with only the ligand-binding transmembrane and 37-amino acid cytoplasmic domains. NPR1 is a membrane-bound guanylate cyclase that serves as the receptor for both atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP (MIM 108780) and BNP (MIM 600295), respectively).[supplied by OMIM, May 2009]

meprin A, alpha (PABA peptide hydrolase)

Enables metallodipeptidase activity. Involved in epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation. Located in extracellular exosome. Part of meprin A complex. Is active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

formyl peptide receptor 1

This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor of mammalian phagocytic cells that is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. The protein mediates the response of phagocytic cells to invasion of the host by microorganisms and is important in host defense and inflammation.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

formyl peptide receptor 2

Enables amyloid-beta binding activity; scavenger receptor binding activity; and signaling receptor activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to amyloid-beta; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; and regulation of defense response. Located in cytoplasm and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

formyl peptide receptor 3

Predicted to enable N-formyl peptide receptor activity and complement receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including complement receptor mediated signaling pathway; phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; and positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration. Predicted to act upstream of or within G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetra-peptide repeat homeobox 2 pseudogene

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the TPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

vasoactive intestinal peptide

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glucagon family. It stimulates myocardial contractility, causes vasodilation, increases glycogenolysis, lowers arterial blood pressure and relaxes the smooth muscle of trachea, stomach and gall bladder. The protein also acts as an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activity. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor

This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor that is closely related to the glucagon receptor and binds to glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP2). Signalling through GLP2 stimulates intestinal growth and increases villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor

This gene encodes a member of the FMRFamide related peptide (FARP) family of neuropeptides. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate multiple amidated peptides. These peptides may play a role in the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure and the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. Patients with hypertension exhibit decreased expression of the encoded protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

tetra-peptide repeat homeobox 1 pseudogene 1

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the TPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2

This gene encodes a cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptide that is expressed predominantly in the liver. The mature peptide has activity against gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

peptide deformylase (mitochondrial)

Protein synthesis proceeds after formylation of methionine by methionyl-tRNA formyl transferase (FMT) and transfer of the charged initiator f-met tRNA to the ribosome. In eubacteria and eukaryotic organelles the product of this gene, peptide deformylase (PDF), removes the formyl group from the initiating methionine of nascent peptides. In eubacteria, deformylation of nascent peptides is required for subsequent cleavage of initiating methionines by methionine aminopeptidase. The discovery that a natural inhibitor of PDF, actinonin, acts as an antimicrobial agent in some bacteria has spurred intensive research into the design of bacterial-specific PDF inhibitors. In human cells, only mitochondrial proteins have N-formylation of initiating methionines. Protein inhibitors of PDF or siRNAs of PDF block the growth of cancer cell lines but have no effect on normal cell growth. In humans, PDF function may therefore be restricted to rapidly growing cells. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor

This gene encodes a 7-transmembrane protein that functions as a receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) hormone, which stimulates glucose-induced insulin secretion. This receptor, which functions at the cell surface, becomes internalized in response to GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs, and it plays an important role in the signaling cascades leading to insulin secretion. It also displays neuroprotective effects in animal models. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with diabetes. The protein is an important drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and stroke. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6-like

dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6-like

dnaJ homolog subfamily C member 24 pseudogene

dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6-like

dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6-like

dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6-like