Harmonizome 3.0

serum response factor (c-fos serum response element-binding transcription factor)

This gene encodes a ubiquitous nuclear protein that stimulates both cell proliferation and differentiation. It is a member of the MADS (MCM1, Agamous, Deficiens, and SRF) box superfamily of transcription factors. This protein binds to the serum response element (SRE) in the promoter region of target genes. This protein regulates the activity of many immediate-early genes, for example c-fos, and thereby participates in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell growth, and cell differentiation. This gene is the downstream target of many pathways; for example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) that acts through the ternary complex factors (TCFs). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

serum deprivation response

This gene encodes a calcium-independent phospholipid-binding protein whose expression increases in serum-starved cells. This protein is a substrate for protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation and recruits polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) to caveolae. Removal of this protein causes caveolae loss and its over-expression results in caveolae deformation and membrane tubulation.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

serum response factor binding protein 1

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA. Predicted to be located in perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Predicted to be part of 90S preribosome. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

metal response element binding transcription factor 2

Enables methylated histone binding activity and transcription corepressor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; segment specification; and stem cell population maintenance. Predicted to act upstream of or within cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor. Located in cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Adiponectin, serum level of, QTL5

Serum leptin concentration QTL 3

Serum leptin concentration QTL 2

Serum leptin concentration QTL 1

serum amyloid A-like 1

Acts upstream of or within positive regulation of synoviocyte proliferation. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Leptin, serum levels of

serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2

This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase. Although this gene product is similar to serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (SGK), this gene is not induced by serum or glucocorticoids. This gene is induced in response to signals that activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which is also true for SGK. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

serum amyloid A3 pseudogene

Predicted to enable Toll-like receptor 4 binding activity and chemoattractant activity. Predicted to be involved in response to stilbenoid. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including I-kappaB phosphorylation; cell chemotaxis; and cellular response to interleukin-1. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immunoglobulin E concentration, serum

Uric acid concentration, serum, QTL6

Uric acid concentration, serum, QTL5

Uric acid concentration, serum, QTL4

Uric acid concentration, serum, QTL3

coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator)

This gene encodes coagulation factor VII which is a vitamin K-dependent factor essential for hemostasis. This factor circulates in the blood in a zymogen form, and is converted to an active form by either factor IXa, factor Xa, factor XIIa, or thrombin by minor proteolysis. Upon activation of the factor VII, a heavy chain containing a catalytic domain and a light chain containing 2 EGF-like domains are generated, and two chains are held together by a disulfide bond. In the presence of factor III and calcium ions, the activated factor then further activates the coagulation cascade by converting factor IX to factor IXa and/or factor X to factor Xa. Defects in this gene can cause coagulopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar proteolytic processing to generate mature polypeptides. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase family, member 3

This gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and encodes a phosphoprotein with a PX (phox homology) domain. The protein phosphorylates several target proteins and has a role in neutral amino acid transport and activation of potassium and chloride channels. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Adiponectin, serum level of, QTL4

amyloid P component, serum

The protein encoded by this gene is a glycoprotein, belonging to the pentraxin family of proteins, which has a characteristic pentameric organization. These family members have considerable sequence homology which is thought to be the result of gene duplication. The binding of the encoded protein to proteins in the pathological amyloid cross-beta fold suggests its possible role as a chaperone. This protein is also thought to control the degradation of chromatin. It has been demonstrated that this protein binds to apoptotic cells at an early stage, which raises the possibility that it is involved in dealing with apoptotic cells in vivo. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

amyloid P component, serum pseudogene

serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1

This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in cellular stress response. This kinase activates certain potassium, sodium, and chloride channels, suggesting an involvement in the regulation of processes such as cell survival, neuronal excitability, and renal sodium excretion. High levels of expression of this gene may contribute to conditions such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

serum amyloid A4, constitutive

Predicted to be involved in acute-phase response. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

serum amyloid A2

This gene encodes a member of the serum amyloid A family of apolipoproteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein. This protein is a major acute phase protein that is highly expressed in response to inflammation and tissue injury. This protein also plays an important role in HDL metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. High levels of this protein are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and Crohn's disease. This protein may also be a potential biomarker for certain tumors. Finally, antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli resides in the N-terminal portion of the mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

serum amyloid A1

This gene encodes a member of the serum amyloid A family of apolipoproteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein. This protein is a major acute phase protein that is highly expressed in response to inflammation and tissue injury. This protein also plays an important role in HDL metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. High levels of this protein are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and Crohn's disease. This protein may also be a potential biomarker for certain tumors. Finally, antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli resides in the N-terminal portion of the mature protein. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

serum amyloid A1 cluster

High density lipoprotein cholesterol, low serum, 3

Immune response to synthetic polypeptide--IRGAT

early growth response 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor with three tandem C2H2-type zinc fingers. Defects in this gene are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1D (CMT1D), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4E (CMT4E), and with Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS). Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

early growth response 3

This gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that belongs to the EGR family of C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins. It is an immediate-early growth response gene which is induced by mitogenic stimulation. The protein encoded by this gene participates in the transcriptional regulation of genes in controling biological rhythm. It may also play a role in a wide variety of processes including muscle development, lymphocyte development, endothelial cell growth and migration, and neuronal development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

early growth response 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the EGR family of C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins. It is a nuclear protein and functions as a transcriptional regulator. The products of target genes it activates are required for differentitation and mitogenesis. Studies suggest this is a cancer suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

early growth response 4

Enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immediate early response 3 interacting protein 1

This gene encodes a small protein that is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and may play a role in the ER stress response by mediating cell differentiation and apoptosis. Transcription of this gene is regulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha and specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Mutations in this gene may play a role in microcephaly, epilepsy, and diabetes syndrome (MEDS), and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

S-phase response (cyclin related)

immediate early response 5-like

Acute insulin response (2)

myeloid differentiation primary response 88

This gene encodes a cytosolic adapter protein that plays a central role in the innate and adaptive immune response. This protein functions as an essential signal transducer in the interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. These pathways regulate that activation of numerous proinflammatory genes. The encoded protein consists of an N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal Toll-interleukin1 receptor domain. Patients with defects in this gene have an increased susceptibility to pyogenic bacterial infections. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

negative regulator of interferon response (non-protein coding)

This gene is thought to produce a functional long non-coding RNA. This transcript may be a negative regulator of interferon response. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

collapsin response mediator protein 1

This gene encodes a member of a family of cytosolic phosphoproteins expressed exclusively in the nervous system. The encoded protein is thought to be a part of the semaphorin signal transduction pathway implicated in semaphorin-induced growth cone collapse during neural development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

negative regulator of antiviral response (non-protein coding)

immune response to synthetic polypeptides 1

immune response to synthetic polypeptides 2

immediate early response 5

This gene encodes a protein that is similar to other immediate early response proteins. In the mouse, a similar gene may play an important role in mediating the cellular response to mitogenic signals. Studies in rats found the expression of a similar gene to be increased after waking and sleep deprivation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

immediate early response 2

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Involved in cell motility and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Implicated in colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomarker of childhood acute myeloid leukemia; colorectal adenocarcinoma; hepatocellular carcinoma; and melanoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immediate early response 3

This gene functions in the protection of cells from Fas- or tumor necrosis factor type alpha-induced apoptosis. Partially degraded and unspliced transcripts are found after virus infection in vitro, but these transcripts are not found in vivo and do not generate a valid protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mesoderm induction early response 1, family member 3

Predicted to enable histone deacetylase binding activity and transcription corepressor activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of protein-containing complex. Implicated in breast cancer and lung adenocarcinoma. Biomarker of breast cancer; invasive ductal carcinoma; and lung non-small cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Beta-adrenergic stimulation, response to

Photoparoxysmal response 2

photoparoxysmal response 3

Photoparoxysmal response 1

mesoderm induction early response 1, transcriptional regulator

This gene encodes a protein that was first identified in Xenopus laevis by its role in a mesoderm induction early response (MIER). The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional regulator. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encode multiple isoforms, some of which lack a C-terminal nuclear localization signal. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

mesoderm induction early response 1, family member 2

Enables histone deacetylase binding activity. Contributes to histone deacetylase activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immediate early response 3 interacting protein 1 pseudogene

myocilin, trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response

MYOC encodes the protein myocilin, which is believed to have a role in cytoskeletal function. MYOC is expressed in many occular tissues, including the trabecular meshwork, and was revealed to be the trabecular meshwork glucocorticoid-inducible response protein (TIGR). The trabecular meshwork is a specialized eye tissue essential in regulating intraocular pressure, and mutations in MYOC have been identified as the cause of hereditary juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is activated through phosphorylation in response to various cytokines and growth factors including IFNs, EGF, IL5, IL6, HGF, LIF and BMP2. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. The small GTPase Rac1 has been shown to bind and regulate the activity of this protein. PIAS3 protein is a specific inhibitor of this protein. This gene also plays a role in regulating host response to viral and bacterial infections. Mutations in this gene are associated with infantile-onset multisystem autoimmune disease and hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1

This gene encodes a five transmembrane protein that functions as a major regulator of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. The encoded protein is a pattern recognition receptor that detects cytosolic nucleic acids and transmits signals that activate type I interferon responses. The encoded protein has also been shown to play a role in apoptotic signaling by associating with type II major histocompatibility complex. Mutations in this gene are the cause of infantile-onset STING-associated vasculopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

transcriptional and immune response regulator

This gene encodes a small, monomeric, predominantly unstructured protein that functions as a positive regulator of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. This protein interacts with a repressor of beta-catenin mediated transcription at nuclear speckles. It is thought to competitively block interactions of the repressor with beta-catenin, resulting in up-regulation of beta-catenin target genes. The encoded protein may also play a role in the NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Expression of this gene may play a role in the proliferation of several types of cancer including thyroid cancer, breast cancer and hematological malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

small regulatory polypeptide of amino acid response

Involved in cellular response to amino acid stimulus and negative regulation of TORC1 signaling. Located in late endosome membrane and lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including cellular response to glucose starvation; negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation; and response to ischemia. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Biomarker of liver cirrhosis; portal hypertension; and primary biliary cholangitis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1

This gene encodes a member of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein family. This highly conserved protein binds to a specific RNA sequence, called the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element, found in the 3' untranslated region of some mRNAs. The encoded protein functions in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. It is involved in the regulation of mRNA translation, as well as processing of the 3' untranslated region, and may play a role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3

Enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity and translation factor activity, RNA binding. Involved in cellular response to amino acid stimulus and regulation of gene expression. Located in several cellular components, including cytosol; midbody; and nucleoplasm. Part of CCR4-NOT complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB), an mRNA-binding protein that regulates cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNA as a trans factor in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested a possible role of this protein in transcriptionally inactive haploid spermatids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1 pseudogene

synaptonemal complex central element protein 1

This gene encodes a member of the synaptonemal complex, which links homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. The tripartite structure of the complex is highly conserved amongst metazoans. It consists of two lateral elements and a central region formed by transverse elements and a central element. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the central element and is required for initiation and elongation of the synapsis. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with premature ovarian failure and spermatogenic failure. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]

far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 3

Enables single-stranded DNA binding activity. Involved in DNA-templated transcription; positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription; and positive regulation of gene expression. Acts upstream of or within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a single stranded DNA-binding protein that binds to multiple DNA elements, including the far upstream element (FUSE) located upstream of c-myc. Binding to FUSE occurs on the non-coding strand, and is important to the regulation of c-myc in undifferentiated cells. This protein contains three domains, an amphipathic helix N-terminal domain, a DNA-binding central domain, and a C-terminal transactivation domain that contains three tyrosine-rich motifs. The N-terminal domain is thought to repress the activity of the C-terminal domain. This protein is also thought to bind RNA, and contains 3'-5' helicase activity with in vitro activity on both DNA-DNA and RNA-RNA duplexes. Aberrant expression of this gene has been found in malignant tissues, and this gene is important to neural system and lung development. Binding of this protein to viral RNA is thought to play a role in several viral diseases, including hepatitis C and hand, foot and mouth disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

immunoglobulin kappa deleting element or like

piggyBac transposable element derived 3

This gene is a member of a small family of genes derived from piggyBac transposable elements. The encoded protein contains a zinc-ribbon domain characteristic of transposon-derived proteins and may function as a regulator of transcription. Alternative splicing occurs between a splice site from exon 5 of the adjacent upstream gene 'excision repair cross-complementation group 6' (ERCC6, GeneID: 2074) and the 3' splice site upstream of the open reading frame (ORF) of this gene, which activates the alternative polyadenylation site downstream of the piggyback-derived-3 ORF. The resulting transcripts encode a fusion protein that shares sequence with the product of each individual gene. Pseudogenes for this gene are defined on chromosomes 4, 5 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

X chromosome controlling element

pogo transposable element with KRAB domain

The exact function of the protein encoded by this gene is not known. However, this gene product contains a KRAB domain (which is involved in protein-protein interactions) at the N-terminus, and a transposase domain at the C-terminus, suggesting that it may belong to the family of DNA-mediated transposons in human. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pogo transposable element with ZNF domain

The protein encoded by this gene appears to be a zinc finger protein containing a transposase domain at the C-terminus. This protein was found to interact with the transcription factor SP1 in a yeast two-hybrid system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (AU-rich element RNA binding protein 1, 37kDa) pseudogene 1

tigger transposable element derived 2 pseudogene

tigger transposable element derived 1 pseudogene

cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the oasis bZIP transcription factor family. Members of this family can dimerize but form homodimers only. The encoded protein is a transcriptional activator. Translocations between this gene on chromosome 7 and the gene fused in sarcoma on chromosome 16 can be found in some tumors. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

prolactin regulatory element binding

This gene encodes a protein that specifically binds to a Pit1-binding element of the prolactin (PRL) promoter. This protein may act as a transcriptional regulator and is thought to be involved in some of the developmental abnormalities observed in patients with partial trisomy 2p. This gene overlaps the abhydrolase domain containing 1 (ABHD1) gene on the opposite strand. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (AU-rich element RNA binding protein 1, 37kDa)

This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are nucleic acid binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. It localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This protein is implicated in the regulation of mRNA stability. Alternative splicing of this gene results in four transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tigger transposable element derived 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tigger transposable element derived 3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tigger transposable element derived 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tigger transposable element derived 5

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tigger transposable element derived 4

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tigger transposable element derived 7

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. The exact function of this gene is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tigger transposable element derived 6

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the tigger subfamily of the pogo superfamily of DNA-mediated transposons in humans. These proteins are related to DNA transposons found in fungi and nematodes, and more distantly to the Tc1 and mariner transposases. They are also very similar to the major mammalian centromere protein B. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

firre intergenic repeating RNA element

This gene produces a long RNA containing a repeating sequence. This RNA interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U and coats chromosomes, where it plays an important role in the maintenance of repressive chromatin. This transcript can also act post-transcriptionally to regulate the stability of mRNAs during the innate immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

tigger transposable element derived 6 pseudogene

ras responsive element binding protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to RAS-responsive elements (RREs) of gene promoters. It has been shown that the calcitonin gene promoter contains an RRE and that the encoded protein binds there and increases expression of calcitonin, which may be involved in Ras/Raf-mediated cell differentiation. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

piggyBac transposable element derived 4 pseudogene 4

piggyBac transposable element derived 4 pseudogene 6

piggyBac transposable element derived 4 pseudogene 7

non-SMC element 4 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

iron-responsive element binding protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA-binding protein that acts to regulate iron levels in the cells by regulating the translation and stability of mRNAs that affect iron homeostasis under conditions when iron is depleted. When iron levels are low, this protein binds to iron-responsive elements (IRES), stem-loop structures located either in the 5' or 3' UTRs. Binding to the 5' UTR represses translation, while binding to the 3' UTR inhibits mRNA degradation. When iron is found in the cell, this protein is degraded in a F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 5-dependent manner. Variants in this gene have been associated with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

cAMP responsive element modulator

This gene encodes a bZIP transcription factor that binds to the cAMP responsive element found in many viral and cellular promoters. It is an important component of cAMP-mediated signal transduction during the spermatogenetic cycle, as well as other complex processes. Alternative promoter and translation initiation site usage allows this gene to exert spatial and temporal specificity to cAMP responsiveness. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene, with some of them functioning as activators and some as repressors of transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tigger transposable element derived 7 pseudogene

purine-rich element binding protein B

This gene product is a sequence-specific, single-stranded DNA-binding protein. It binds preferentially to the single strand of the purine-rich element termed PUR, which is present at origins of replication and in gene flanking regions in a variety of eukaryotes from yeasts through humans. Thus, it is implicated in the control of both DNA replication and transcription. Deletion of this gene has been associated with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

purine-rich element binding protein A

This gene product is a sequence-specific, single-stranded DNA-binding protein. It binds preferentially to the single strand of the purine-rich element termed PUR, which is present at origins of replication and in gene flanking regions in a variety of eukaryotes from yeasts through humans. Thus, it is implicated in the control of both DNA replication and transcription. Deletion of this gene has been associated with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

purine-rich element binding protein G

The exact function of this gene is not known, however, its encoded product is highly similar to purine-rich element binding protein A. The latter is a DNA-binding protein which binds preferentially to the single strand of the purine-rich element termed PUR, and has been implicated in the control of both DNA replication and transcription. This gene lies in close proximity to the Werner syndrome gene, but on the opposite strand, on chromosome 8p11. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

cAMP responsive element binding protein 5

The product of this gene belongs to the CRE (cAMP response element)-binding protein family. Members of this family contain zinc-finger and bZIP DNA-binding domains. The encoded protein specifically binds to CRE as a homodimer or a heterodimer with c-Jun or CRE-BP1, and functions as a CRE-dependent trans-activator. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cAMP responsive element binding protein 3

This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds to the cAMP-response element and regulates cell proliferation. The protein interacts with host cell factor C1, which also associates with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein VP16 that induces transcription of HSV immediate-early genes. This protein and VP16 both bind to the same site on host cell factor C1. It is thought that the interaction between this protein and host cell factor C1 plays a role in the establishment of latency during HSV infection. This protein also plays a role in leukocyte migration, tumor suppression, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated protein degradation. Additional transcript variants have been identified, but their biological validity has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

non-SMC element 4 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

D4Z4 binding element transcript (non-protein coding)

simian sarcoma-associated virus 1/gibbon ape leukemia virus-related endogenous retroviral element 1

cAMP responsive element binding protein 1

This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds as a homodimer to the cAMP-responsive element, an octameric palindrome. The protein is phosphorylated by several protein kinases, and induces transcription of genes in response to hormonal stimulation of the cAMP pathway. Alternate splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

piggyBac transposable element derived 4

The piggyBac family of proteins, found in diverse animals, are transposases related to the transposase of the canonical piggyBac transposon from the moth, Trichoplusia ni. This family also includes genes in several genomes, including human, that appear to have been derived from the piggyBac transposons. This gene belongs to the subfamily of piggyBac transposable element derived (PGBD) genes. The PGBD proteins appear to be novel, with no obvious relationship to other transposases, or other known protein families. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

piggyBac transposable element derived 5

The piggyBac family of proteins, found in diverse animals, are transposases related to the transposase of the canonical piggyBac transposon from the moth, Trichoplusia ni. This family also includes genes in several genomes, including human, that appear to have been derived from the piggyBac transposons. This gene belongs to the subfamily of piggyBac transposable element derived (PGBD) genes. The PGBD proteins appear to be novel, with no obvious relationship to other transposases, or other known protein families. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

piggyBac transposable element derived 2

The piggyBac family of proteins, found in diverse animals, are transposases related to the transposase of the canonical piggyBac transposon from the moth, Trichoplusia ni. This family also includes genes in several genomes, including human, that appear to have been derived from the piggyBac transposons. This gene belongs to the subfamily of piggyBac transposable element derived (PGBD) genes. The PGBD proteins appear to be novel, with no obvious relationship to other transposases, or other known protein families. The exact function of this gene is not known. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

synaptonemal complex central element protein 3

Predicted to be involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination; spermatogenesis; and synaptonemal complex assembly. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of apoptotic process; positive regulation of developmental process; and positive regulation of reproductive process. Predicted to be located in chromosome and nucleus. Predicted to be active in central element. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

piggyBac transposable element derived 4 pseudogene 8

piggyBac transposable element derived 4 pseudogene 2

piggyBac transposable element derived 4 pseudogene 3

piggyBac transposable element derived 4 pseudogene 5

sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2

This gene encodes a member of the a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that controls cholesterol homeostasis by regulating transcription of sterol-regulated genes. The encoded protein contains a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) domain and binds the sterol regulatory element 1 motif. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1

This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factor that binds to the sterol regulatory element-1 (SRE1), which is a motif that is found in the promoter of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene and other genes involved in sterol biosynthesis. The encoded protein is synthesized as a precursor that is initially attached to the nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. Following cleavage, the mature protein translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription. This cleaveage is inhibited by sterols. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Alternative promoter usage and splicing result in multiple transcript variants, including SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, which correspond to RefSeq transcript variants 2 and 3, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2017]

cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 pseudogene

synaptonemal complex central element protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene is part of the synaptonemal complex formed between homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase. The encoded protein associates with SYCP1 and SYCE1 and is found only where chromosome cores are synapsed. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

myelinating Schwann cell element

TATA element modulatory factor 1

Enables nuclear androgen receptor binding activity and nuclear receptor coactivator activity. Involved in androgen receptor signaling pathway and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

piggyBac transposable element derived 4 pseudogene

cAMP responsive element binding protein-like 2

cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein-like-2 (CREBL2) was identified in a search to find genes in a commonly deleted region on chromosome 12p13 flanked by ETV6 and CDKN1B genes, frequently associated with hematopoietic malignancies, as well as breast, non-small-cell lung and ovarian cancers. CREBL2 shares a 41% identity with CRE-binding protein (CREB) over a 48-base long region which encodes the bZip domain of CREB. The bZip domain consists of about 30 amino acids rich in basic residues involved in DNA binding, followed by a leucine zipper motif involved in protein dimerization. This suggests that CREBL2 encodes a protein with DNA binding capabilities. The occurance of CREBL2 deletion in malignancy suggests that CREBL2 may act as a tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

piggyBac transposable element derived 1

The piggyBac family of proteins, found in diverse animals, are transposases related to the transposase of the canonical piggyBac transposon from the moth, Trichoplusia ni. This family also includes genes in several genomes, including human, that appear to have been derived from the piggyBac transposons. This gene belongs to the subfamily of piggyBac transposable element derived (PGBD) genes. The PGBD proteins appear to be novel, with no obvious relationship to other transposases, or other known protein families. This gene product is specifically expressed in the brain, however, its exact function is not known. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 pseudogene

non-SMC element 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Enables protein dimerization activity and ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in DNA damage response. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of Smc5-Smc6 complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

non-SMC element 2, MMS21 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a member of a family of E3 small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) ligases that mediates the attachment of a SUMO protein to proteins involved in nuclear transport, transcription, chromosome segregation and DNA repair. The encoded protein is part of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) 5/6 complex which plays a key role genome maintenance, facilitating chromosome segregation and suppressing mitotic recombination. A knockout of the orthologous mouse gene is lethal prior to embryonic day 10.5. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene, that abolish the SUMO ligase activity, are associated with primordial dwarfism and extreme insulin resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 2

This gene is a member of KDWK gene family. The product of this gene associates with GMEB1 protein, and the complex is essential for parvovirus DNA replication. Study of rat homolog implicates the role of this gene in modulation of transactivation by the glucocorticoid receptor bound to glucocorticoid response elements. This gene appears to use multiple polyadenylation sites. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1

This gene encodes a member of KDWK gene family which associates with GMEB2 protein. The GMEB1-GMEB2 complex is essential for parvovirus DNA replication. Studies in rat for a similar gene suggest that this gene's role is to modulate the transactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor when it is bound to glucocorticoid response elements. Three alternative spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

LINE1 retrotransposable element 2

LINE1 retrotransposable element 1

LINE1 retrotransposable element 4

piggyBac transposable element derived 3 pseudogene 4

cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3

This gene encodes a member of the basic-leucine zipper family and the AMP-dependent transcription factor family. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and acts as a transcription factor activated by cyclic AMP stimulation. The encoded protein binds the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) and the box-B element and has been linked to acute inflammatory response, hepatocellular carcinoma, triglyceride metabolism, and hepcidin expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is normally found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, upon stress to the ER, the encoded protein is cleaved and the released cytoplasmic transcription factor domain translocates to the nucleus. There it activates the transcription of target genes by binding to box-B elements. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 4

This gene encodes a CREB (cAMP responsive element binding) protein with a transmembrane domain which localizes it to the ER membrane. The encoded protein is a transcriptional activator which contains a dimerization domain, and this protein may function in a number of processing pathways including protein processing. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

synaptonemal complex central element protein 1-like

Predicted to be involved in synaptonemal complex assembly. Located in intermediate filament cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

piggyBac transposable element derived 3 pseudogene

cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 pseudogene

non-SMC element 4 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)

Involved in DNA damage response. Located in nuclear body. Part of Smc5-Smc6 complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

piggyBac transposable element derived 3 pseudogene 3

piggyBac transposable element derived 3 pseudogene 2

piggyBac transposable element derived 3 pseudogene 1

piggyBac transposable element derived 2 pseudogene