Harmonizome 3.0

small G protein ong>signalingong> modulator 3

Enables GTPase activator activity and small GTPase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including Rap protein signal transduction; positive regulation of GTPase activity; and regulation of Rab protein signal transduction. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dickkopf WNT ong>signalingong> pathway inhibitor 1

This gene encodes a member of the dickkopf family of proteins. Members of this family are secreted proteins characterized by two cysteine-rich domains that mediate protein-protein interactions. The encoded protein binds to the LRP6 co-receptor and inhibits beta-catenin-dependent Wnt ong>signalingong>. This gene plays a role in embryonic development and may be important in bone formation in adults. Elevated expression of this gene has been observed in numerous human cancers and this protein may promote proliferation, invasion and growth in cancer cell lines. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

SRC kinase ong>signalingong> inhibitor 1

Enables protein kinase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization; regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity; and substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading. Located in actin cytoskeleton and cytoplasm. Is active in glutamatergic synapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

golgi-associated, olfactory ong>signalingong> regulator

Predicted to be involved in sensory perception of smell. Predicted to act upstream of or within non-motile cilium assembly and protein localization to non-motile cilium. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 5 pseudogene 5

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 4

Regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS proteins are able to deactivate G protein subunits of the Gi alpha, Go alpha and Gq alpha subtypes. They drive G proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> 4 belongs to this family. All RGS proteins share a conserved 120-amino acid sequence termed the RGS domain. Regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> 4 protein is 37% identical to RGS1 and 97% identical to rat Rgs4. This protein negatively regulate ong>signalingong> upstream or at the level of the heterotrimeric G protein and is localized in the cytoplasm. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 5

This locus represents naturally occurring readthrough transcription between the neighboring LOC127814295 (uncharacterized LOC127814295) and RGS5 (regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 5) genes on chromosome 1. Some variants of the readthrough transcript encode novel proteins with unique N-termini. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2022]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 6

This gene encodes a member of the RGS (regulator of G protein ong>signalingong>) family of proteins, which are defined by the presence of a RGS domain that confers the GTPase-activating activity of these proteins toward certain G alpha subunits. This protein also belongs to a subfamily of RGS proteins characterized by the presence of DEP and GGL domains, the latter a G beta 5-interacting domain. The RGS proteins negatively regulate G protein ong>signalingong>, and may modulate neuronal, cardiovascular, lymphocytic activities, and cancer risk. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms with long or short N-terminal domains, complete or incomplete GGL domains, and distinct C-terminal domains, have been described for this gene, however, the full-length nature of some of these variants is not known.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 7

Enables G-protein alpha-subunit binding activity; G-protein beta-subunit binding activity; and GTPase activator activity. Involved in G protein-coupled receptor ong>signalingong> pathway; negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor ong>signalingong> pathway; and positive regulation of GTPase activity. Located in cytosol. Is active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 1

This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signalling family. This protein is located on the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane and contains a conserved, 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain. The protein attenuates the signalling activity of G-proteins by binding to activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits and acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), increasing the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 2

Regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS proteins are able to deactivate G protein subunits of the Gi alpha, Go alpha and Gq alpha subtypes. They drive G proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> 2 belongs to this family. The protein acts as a mediator of myeloid differentiation and may play a role in leukemogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 3

This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> (RGS) family. This protein is a GTPase-activating protein that inhibits G-protein-mediated signal transduction. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Long isoforms are largely cytosolic and plasma membrane-associated with a function in Wnt ong>signalingong> and in the epithelial mesenchymal transition, while shorter N-terminally-truncated isoforms can be nuclear. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 8

This gene is a member of the regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> (RGS) family and encodes a protein with a single RGS domain. Regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> (RGS) proteins are regulatory and structural components of G protein-coupled receptor complexes. They accelerate transit through the cycle of GTP binding and hydrolysis to GDP, thereby terminating signal transduction, but paradoxically, also accelerate receptor-stimulated activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 9

This gene encodes a member of the RGS family of GTPase activating proteins that function in various ong>signalingong> pathways by accelerating the deactivation of G proteins. This protein is anchored to photoreceptor membranes in retinal cells and deactivates G proteins in the rod and cone phototransduction cascades. Mutations in this gene result in bradyopsia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

small G protein ong>signalingong> modulator 1 pseudogene

twisted gastrulation BMP ong>signalingong> modulator 1

Enables transforming growth factor beta binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation; negative regulation of cytokine production; and positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase ong>signalingong> pathway. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 6 pseudogene

ong>signalingong> threshold regulating transmembrane adaptor 1

Enables kinase binding activity. Involved in regulation of T cell activation. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dickkopf WNT ong>signalingong> pathway inhibitor 4

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt ong>signalingong> pathway. Activity of this protein is modulated by binding to the Wnt co-receptor and the co-factor kremen 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

dickkopf WNT ong>signalingong> pathway inhibitor 3

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt ong>signalingong> pathway. The expression of this gene is decreased in a variety of cancer cell lines and it may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> like 1

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 16

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the 'regulator of G protein ong>signalingong>' family. It inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits. It also may play a role in regulating the kinetics of ong>signalingong> in the phototransduction cascade. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 17

This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> family. This protein contains a conserved, 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain and a cysteine-rich region. The protein attenuates the ong>signalingong> activity of G-proteins by binding to activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits and acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), increasing the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 14

This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> family. This protein contains one RGS domain, two Raf-like Ras-binding domains (RBDs), and one GoLoco domain. The protein attenuates the ong>signalingong> activity of G-proteins by binding, through its GoLoco domain, to specific types of activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits. Acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), the protein increases the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 12

This gene encodes a member of the 'regulator of G protein ong>signalingong>' (RGS) gene family. The encoded protein may function as a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein as well as a transcriptional repressor. This protein may play a role in tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Other alternative splice variants have been described but their biological nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 13

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> (RGS) family. RGS family members share similarity with S. cerevisiae SST2 and C. elegans egl-10 proteins, which contain a characteristic conserved RGS domain. RGS proteins accelerate GTPase activity of G protein alpha-subunits, thereby driving G protein into their inactive GDP-bound form, thus negatively regulating G protein ong>signalingong>. RGS proteins have been implicated in the fine tuning of a variety of cellular events in response to G protein-coupled receptor activation. The biological function of this gene, however, is unknown. Two transcript variants encoding the same isoform exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 10

Regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS proteins are able to deactivate G protein subunits of the Gi alpha, Go alpha and Gq alpha subtypes. They drive G proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> 10 belongs to this family. All RGS proteins share a conserved 120-amino acid sequence termed the RGS domain. This protein associates specifically with the activated forms of the two related G-protein subunits, G-alphai3 and G-alphaz but fails to interact with the structurally and functionally distinct G-alpha subunits. Regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> 10 protein is localized in the nucleus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 11

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RGS (regulator of G protein ong>signalingong>) family. Members of the RGS family act as GTPase-activating proteins on the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric, signal-transducing G proteins. This protein inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and four transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 18

This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> family. This protein is contains a conserved, 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain. The protein attenuates the ong>signalingong> activity of G-proteins by binding to activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits and acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), increasing the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 19

G proteins mediate a number of cellular processes. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RGS (regulators of G-protein ong>signalingong>) family and specifically interacts with G protein, GAI3. This protein is a guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein that functions to down-regulate Galpha i/Galpha q-linked ong>signalingong>. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein isoform have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

TOR ong>signalingong> pathway regulator

TIPRL is an inhibitory regulator of protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) (see PPP2CA; MIM 176915), PP4 (see PPP4C; MIM 602035), and PP6 (see PPP6C; MIM 612725) (McConnell et al., 2007 [PubMed 17384681]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

canopy FGF ong>signalingong> regulator 4

Predicted to enable ong>signalingong> receptor binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

canopy FGF ong>signalingong> regulator 3

This gene encodes a protein that binds members of the toll-like receptor protein family and functions as a chaperone to aid in folding and export of these proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Naturally occuring readthrough transcription occurs between this locus and the downstream GNMT (glycine N-methyltransferase) gene and is represented with GeneID:107080644. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

canopy FGF ong>signalingong> regulator 2

Predicted to be active in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

canopy FGF ong>signalingong> regulator 1

Cnpy1 is expressed in the midbrain-hindbrain (MHB) boundary in zebrafish, binds FGFR1 (MIM 136350), and plays a role in FGF ong>signalingong> (Hirate and Okamoto, 2006 [PubMed 16488878]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 5 pseudogene 2

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 5 pseudogene 3

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 5 pseudogene 1

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 5 pseudogene 4

agouti ong>signalingong> protein

In mice, the agouti gene encodes a paracrine ong>signalingong> molecule that causes hair follicle melanocytes to synthesize pheomelanin, a yellow pigment, instead of the black or brown pigment, eumelanin. Pleiotropic effects of constitutive expression of the mouse gene include adult-onset obesity, increased tumor susceptibility, and premature infertility. This gene is highly similar to the mouse gene and encodes a secreted protein that may (1) affect the quality of hair pigmentation, (2) act as a pharmacological antagonist of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, (3) play a role in neuroendocrine aspects of melanocortin action, and (4) have a functional role in regulating lipid metabolism in adipocytes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial antiviral ong>signalingong> protein

This gene encodes an intermediary protein necessary in the virus-triggered beta interferon ong>signalingong> pathways. It is required for activation of transcription factors which regulate expression of beta interferon and contributes to antiviral innate immunity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

germinal center-associated, ong>signalingong> and motility-like

This gene encodes a protein thought to be a ong>signalingong> molecule associated with germinal centers, the sites of proliferation and differentiation of mature B lymphocytes. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

dickkopf WNT ong>signalingong> pathway inhibitor 2

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. The secreted protein contains two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its interactions with the Wnt ong>signalingong> pathway. It can act as either an agonist or antagonist of Wnt/beta-catenin ong>signalingong>, depending on the cellular context and the presence of the co-factor kremen 2. Activity of this protein is also modulated by binding to the Wnt co-receptor LDL-receptor related protein 6 (LRP6). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 5 pseudogene

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 17 pseudogene 1

NMDA receptor synaptonuclear ong>signalingong> and neuronal migration factor

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in guidance of olfactory axon projections and migration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons. Defects in this gene are a cause of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus ong>signalingong> 2

Enables several functions, including ATP binding activity; magnesium ion binding activity; and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including apoptotic chromosome condensation; negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription; and rRNA catabolic process. Located in cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus ong>signalingong> 1

This gene encodes the transmembrane protein kinase inositol-requiring enzyme 1. The encoded protein contains two functional catalytic domains, a serine/threonine-protein kinase domain and an endoribonuclease domain. This protein functions as a sensor of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and triggers an intracellular ong>signalingong> pathway termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is an ER stress response that is conserved from yeast to mammals and activates genes involved in degrading misfolded proteins, regulating protein synthesis and activating molecular chaperones. This protein specifically mediates the splicing and activation of the stress response transcription factor X-box binding protein 1. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 7 binding protein

This gene encodes a protein that binds to all members of the R7 subfamily of regulators of G protein ong>signalingong> and regulates their translocation between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. The encoded protein could be regulated by reversible palmitoylation, which anchors it to the plasma membrane. Depalmitoylation localizes the protein to the nucleus. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with risk of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

WNT1 inducible ong>signalingong> pathway protein 2

This gene encodes a member of the WNT1 inducible ong>signalingong> pathway (WISP) protein subfamily, which belongs to the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) family. WNT1 is a member of a family of cysteine-rich, glycosylated ong>signalingong> proteins that mediate diverse developmental processes. The CTGF family members are characterized by four conserved cysteine-rich domains: insulin-like growth factor-binding domain, von Willebrand factor type C module, thrombospondin domain and C-terminal cystine knot-like (CT) domain. The encoded protein lacks the CT domain which is implicated in dimerization and heparin binding. It is 72% identical to the mouse protein at the amino acid level. This gene may be downstream in the WNT1 ong>signalingong> pathway that is relevant to malignant transformation. Its expression in colon tumors is reduced while the other two WISP members are overexpressed in colon tumors. It is expressed at high levels in bone tissue, and may play an important role in modulating bone turnover. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

WNT1 inducible ong>signalingong> pathway protein 3

This gene encodes a member of the WNT1 inducible ong>signalingong> pathway (WISP) protein subfamily, which belongs to the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) family. WNT1 is a member of a family of cysteine-rich, glycosylated ong>signalingong> proteins that mediate diverse developmental processes. The CTGF family members are characterized by four conserved cysteine-rich domains: insulin-like growth factor-binding domain, von Willebrand factor type C module, thrombospondin domain and C-terminal cystine knot-like domain. This gene is overexpressed in colon tumors. It may be downstream in the WNT1 ong>signalingong> pathway that is relevant to malignant transformation. Mutations of this gene are associated with progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia, an autosomal recessive skeletal disorder, indicating that the gene is essential for normal postnatal skeletal growth and cartilage homeostasis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

WNT1 inducible ong>signalingong> pathway protein 1

This gene encodes a member of the WNT1 inducible ong>signalingong> pathway (WISP) protein subfamily, which belongs to the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) family. WNT1 is a member of a family of cysteine-rich, glycosylated ong>signalingong> proteins that mediate diverse developmental processes. The CTGF family members are characterized by four conserved cysteine-rich domains: insulin-like growth factor-binding domain, von Willebrand factor type C module, thrombospondin domain and C-terminal cystine knot-like domain. This gene may be downstream in the WNT1 ong>signalingong> pathway that is relevant to malignant transformation. It is expressed at a high level in fibroblast cells, and overexpressed in colon tumors. The encoded protein binds to decorin and biglycan, two members of a family of small leucine-rich proteoglycans present in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue, and possibly prevents the inhibitory activity of decorin and biglycan in tumor cell proliferation. It also attenuates p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage through activation of the Akt kinase. It is 83% identical to the mouse protein at the amino acid level. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

WNT ong>signalingong> pathway activating non-coding RNA

regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> 9 binding protein

The protein encoded by this gene functions as a regulator of G protein-coupled receptor ong>signalingong> in phototransduction. Studies in bovine and mouse show that this gene is expressed only in the retina, and is localized in the rod outer segment membranes. This protein is associated with a heterotetrameric complex, specifically interacting with the regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 9, and appears to function as the membrane anchor for the other largely soluble interacting partners. Mutations in this gene are associated with prolonged electroretinal response suppression (PERRS), also known as bradyopsia. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

small G protein ong>signalingong> modulator 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase activator with activity towards RAB32 and RAB33B, which are regulators of membrane trafficking. The encoded protein inactivates RAB32 and can bind RAB9A-GTP, a protein required for RAB32 activation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

small G protein ong>signalingong> modulator 1

Enables GTPase activator activity and small GTPase binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane and cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ong>signalingong> lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1

Enables several functions, including SH2 domain binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and virus receptor activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of CD40 ong>signalingong> pathway; negative regulation of cytokine production; and positive regulation of MAPK cascade. Located in extracellular exosome. Is active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 22

Enables G-protein alpha-subunit binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of signal transduction. Located in actin cytoskeleton; cytosol; and fibrillar center. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 21

Regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> (RGS) proteins are regulatory and structural components of G protein-coupled receptor complexes. RGS proteins are GTPase-activating proteins for Gi (see GNAI1; MIM 139310) and Gq (see GNAQ; MIM 600998) class G-alpha proteins. They accelerate transit through the cycle of GTP binding and hydrolysis and thereby accelerate ong>signalingong> kinetics and termination.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008]

regulator of G-protein ong>signalingong> 20

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of regulator of G protein ong>signalingong> (RGS) proteins, which are regulatory and structural components of G protein-coupled receptor complexes. RGS proteins inhibit signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound forms. This protein selectively binds to G(z)-alpha and G(alpha)-i2 subunits, and regulates their ong>signalingong> activities. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 5

The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a SOCS BOX domain. The protein thus belongs to the suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> (SOCS) family, also known as STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI) protein family. SOCS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine ong>signalingong>. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding an identical protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 4

The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a SOCS BOX domain. The protein thus belongs to the suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> (SOCS), also known as STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), protein family. SOCS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine ong>signalingong>. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 7

Predicted to enable phosphorylation-dependent protein binding activity; ong>signalingong> adaptor activity; and ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Predicted to be involved in insulin receptor ong>signalingong> pathway; proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; and regulation of neuron migration. Predicted to act upstream of or within brain development; fat cell differentiation; and protein ubiquitination. Located in cytosol. Is active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 6

The protein encoded by this gene contains a SH2 domain and a CIS homolog domain. The protein thus belongs to the cytokine-induced STAT inhibitor (CIS), also known as suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> (SOCS) or STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), protein family. CIS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine ong>signalingong>. The expression of this gene can be induced by GM-CSF and EPO in hematopoietic cells. A high expression level of this gene was found in factor-independent chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and erythroleukemia (HEL) cell lines. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 1

This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine ong>signalingong>. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including IL2, IL3 erythropoietin (EPO), CSF2/GM-CSF, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene functions downstream of cytokine receptors, and takes part in a negative feedback loop to attenuate cytokine ong>signalingong>. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role of this gene as a modulator of IFN-gamma action, which is required for normal postnatal growth and survival. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 3

This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine ong>signalingong>. The expression of this gene is induced by various cytokines, including IL6, IL10, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene can bind to JAK2 kinase, and inhibit the activity of JAK2 kinase. Studies of the mouse counterpart of this gene suggested the roles of this gene in the negative regulation of fetal liver hematopoiesis, and placental development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 2

This gene encodes a member of the suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> (SOCS) family. SOCS family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine receptor ong>signalingong> via the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activation of transcription pathway (the JAK/STAT pathway). SOCS family proteins interact with major molecules of ong>signalingong> complexes to block further signal transduction, in part, by proteasomal depletion of receptors or signal-transducing proteins via ubiquitination. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including erythropoietin, GM-CSF, IL10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and by cytokine receptors such as growth horomone receptor. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) and is thought to be involved in the regulation of IGF1R mediated cell ong>signalingong>. This gene has pseudogenes on chromosomes 20 and 22. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 2 pseudogene

G-protein ong>signalingong> modulator 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of proteins that modulate activation of G proteins, which transduce extracellular signals received by cell surface receptors into integrated cellular responses. The N-terminal half of this protein contains 10 copies of leu-gly-asn (LGN) repeat, and the C-terminal half contains 4 GoLoco motifs, which are involved in guanine nucleotide exchange. This protein may play a role in neuroblast division and in the development of normal hearing. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness (DFNB82). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

G-protein ong>signalingong> modulator 3

Predicted to enable GTPase regulator activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of inflammatory response. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response and positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

G-protein ong>signalingong> modulator 1

G-protein ong>signalingong> modulators (GPSMs) play diverse functional roles through their interaction with G-protein subunits. This gene encodes a receptor-independent activator of G protein ong>signalingong>, which is one of several factors that influence the basal activity of G-protein ong>signalingong> systems. The protein contains seven tetratricopeptide repeats in its N-terminal half and four G-protein regulatory (GPR) motifs in its C-terminal half. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 6 pseudogene

germinal center-associated, ong>signalingong> and motility

This gene encodes a protein which may function in signal transduction pathways and whose expression is elevated in germinal cell lymphomas. It contains a putative PDZ-interacting domain, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), and two putative SH2 binding sites. In B cells, its expression is specifically induced by interleukin-4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sprouty homolog 1, antagonist of FGF ong>signalingong> (Drosophila)

Involved in negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor ong>signalingong> pathway. Located in Golgi apparatus; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 2 pseudogene 1

suppressor of cytokine ong>signalingong> 2 pseudogene 2

adipose secreted ong>signalingong> protein

Enables protein phosphatase 1 binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction and positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor ong>signalingong> pathway. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lncRNA induced by TGF-beta and antagonizes TGF-beta ong>signalingong> 1