Harmonizome 3.0

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 5

Predicted to enable sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity. Predicted to be involved in ceramide biosynthetic process and sphingomyelin catabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within ceramide metabolic process. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane and mitochondrial membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3)

The protein encoded by this gene is a sphingomyelinase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin to form phosphorylcholine and ceramide. This gene is activated by DNA damage, cellular stress, and tumor necrosis factor, but it is downregulated by wild-type p53. The encoded protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi network. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal

The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide. The encoded protein also has phospholipase C activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA) and Niemann-Pick disease type B (NPB). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II)

Enables sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity. Involved in sphingomyelin catabolic process. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. Biomarker of pulmonary emphysema. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase)

This gene encodes a protein which was initially identified as a sphingomyelinase based on sequence similarity between bacterial sphingomyelinases and a yeast protein. Subsequent studies showed that its biological function is less likely to be as a sphingomyelinase and instead as a lysophospholipase. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

phosphodiesterase 11A

The 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP function as second messengers in a wide variety of signal transduction pathways. 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP to the corresponding 5'-monophosphates and provide a mechanism to downregulate cAMP and cGMP signaling. This gene encodes a member of the PDE protein superfamily. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Cushing disease and adrenocortical hyperplasia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class C, pseudogene 1

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class C pseudogene 2

phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, cytoplasmic 1

This gene encodes a member of the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein family. The encoded cytoplasmic protein plays a role in multiple processes including cell signaling and lipid metabolism by facilitating the transfer of phosphatidylinositol between membrane compartments. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class F, pseudogene 1

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class F, pseudogene 3

glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 2

This gene encodes a member of the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase enzyme family. The encoded protein hydrolyzes glycerophosphoinositol to produce inositol 1-phosphate and glycerol. This protein may have a role in osteoblast differentiation and growth. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3

Enables phosphoric diester hydrolase activity. Involved in N-acylethanolamine metabolic process. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 4

Predicted to enable glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase activity. Predicted to be involved in lipid metabolic process. Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 5

Predicted to enable glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway; positive regulation of cell cycle; and positive regulation of neuron differentiation. Predicted to act upstream of or within neuron differentiation and regulation of timing of cell differentiation. Predicted to be located in axon; neuronal cell body; and perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphodiesterase 7A

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE7 subfamily. This PDE hydrolyzes the second messenger, cAMP, which is a regulator and mediator of a number of cellular responses to extracellular signals. Thus, by regulating the cellular concentration of cAMP, this protein plays a key role in many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2

This gene encodes a member of a superfamily of divalent cation-dependent phosphodiesterases. The encoded protein associates with CD40, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-75 and TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs), and inhibits nuclear factor-kappa-B activation. This protein has sequence and structural similarities with APE1 endonuclease, which is involved in both DNA repair and the activation of transcription factors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class U pseudogene 1

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class H pseudogene 1

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein pseudogene

tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in repairing stalled topoisomerase I-DNA complexes by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond between the tyrosine residue of topoisomerase I and the 3-prime phosphate of DNA. This protein may also remove glycolate from single-stranded DNA containing 3-prime phosphoglycolate, suggesting a role in repair of free-radical mediated DNA double-strand breaks. This gene is a member of the phospholipase D family and contains two PLD phosphodiesterase domains. Mutations in this gene are associated with the disease spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

phosphodiesterase 2A, cGMP-stimulated

Enables several functions, including 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity; anion binding activity; and metal ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to cytokine stimulus; regulation of signal transduction; and regulation of vascular permeability. Located in several cellular components, including cytosol; mitochondrial membrane; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 pseudogene 13

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 pseudogene 11

phospholipase C, gamma 2 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)

The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane signaling enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate to 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) using calcium as a cofactor. IP3 and DAG are second messenger molecules important for transmitting signals from growth factor receptors and immune system receptors across the cell membrane. Mutations in this gene have been found in autoinflammation, antibody deficiency, and immune dysregulation syndrome and familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, alpha pseudogene 2

Predicted to enable kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3)-dependent Rac exchanger (PREX) family, which are Dbl-type guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for Rac family small G proteins. Structural domains of this protein include the catalytic diffuse B-cell lymphoma homology and pleckstrin homology (DHPH) domain, two disheveled, EGL-10, and pleckstrin homology (DEP) domains, two PDZ domains, and a C-terminal inositol polyphosphate-4 phosphatase (IP4P) domain that is found in one of the isoforms. This protein facilitates the exchange of GDP for GTP on Rac1, allowing the GTP-bound Rac1 to activate downstream effectors. Studies also show that the pleckstrin homology domain of this protein interacts with the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene product to inhibit PTEN phosphatase activity, thus activating the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Conversely, the PTEN gene product has also been shown to inhibit the GEF activity of this protein. This gene plays a role in insulin-signaling pathways, and either mutations or overexpression of this gene have been observed in some cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 1

The protein encoded by this gene acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the RHO family of small GTP-binding proteins (RACs). It has been shown to bind to and activate RAC1 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. The encoded protein, which is found mainly in the cytoplasm, is activated by phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and the beta-gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein-like

phosphodiesterase 8B pseudogene

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class Y pseudogene

glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase GDE1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, alpha

This gene encodes a member of a family of lipid-binding proteins that transfer molecules of phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylcholine between membrane surfaces. The protein is implicated in phospholipase C signaling and in the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) by phosphoinositide-3-kinase.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, beta

This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that catalyzes the transfer of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine between membranes. This transfer activity is required for COPI complex-mediated retrograde transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein pseudogene

phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, alpha

Phosphatidylinositol-5,4-bisphosphate, the precursor to second messengers of the phosphoinositide signal transduction pathways, is thought to be involved in the regulation of secretion, cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. The protein encoded by this gene is one of a family of enzymes capable of catalyzing the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate on the fourth hydroxyl of the myo-inositol ring to form phosphatidylinositol-5,4-bisphosphate. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme does not show homology to other kinases, but the recombinant protein does exhibit kinase activity. This gene is a member of the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, gamma

Enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process; negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; and positive regulation of autophagosome assembly. Located in several cellular components, including autophagosome; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, beta

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate on the fourth hydroxyl of the myo-inositol ring to form phosphatidylinositol-5,4-bisphosphate. This gene is a member of the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase family. The encoded protein sequence does not show similarity to other kinases, but the protein does exhibit kinase activity. Additionally, the encoded protein interacts with p55 TNF receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 1

This gene encodes a member of the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of deacylated glycerophospholipids to glycerol phosphate and alcohol. The encoded protein is localized to the cytoplasm and concentrates near the perinuclear region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 beta

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PI3-kinases play roles in signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, cell survival, cell migration, and intracellular protein trafficking. This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3-kinases. C2 domains act as calcium-dependent phospholipid binding motifs that mediate translocation of proteins to membranes, and may also mediate protein-protein interactions. The PI3-kinase activity of this protein is sensitive to low nanomolar levels of the inhibitor wortmanin. The C2 domain of this protein was shown to bind phospholipids but not Ca2+, which suggests that this enzyme may function in a calcium-independent manner. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 alpha

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PI3-kinases play roles in signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, cell survival, cell migration, and intracellular protein trafficking. This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3-kinases. C2 domains act as calcium-dependent phospholipid binding motifs that mediate translocation of proteins to membranes, and may also mediate protein-protein interactions. The PI3-kinase activity of this protein is not sensitive to nanomolar levels of the inhibitor wortmanin. This protein was shown to be able to be activated by insulin and may be involved in integrin-dependent signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 gamma

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PI3-kinases play roles in signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, cell survival, cell migration, and intracellular protein trafficking. This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3-kinases. C2 domains act as calcium-dependent phospholipid binding motifs that mediate translocation of proteins to membranes, and may also mediate protein-protein interactions. This gene may play a role in several diseases, including type II diabetes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein pseudogene

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, pseudogene 1

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, pseudogene 2

phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific

This gene encodes a cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, a member of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. This phosphodiesterase specifically hydrolyzes cGMP to 5'-GMP. It is involved in the regulation of intracellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and is important for smooth muscle relaxation in the cardiovascular system. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 7-like

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 pseudogene 9

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 pseudogene 8

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 pseudogene 2

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 pseudogene 1

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 pseudogene 7

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 pseudogene 4

SMG1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase

This gene encodes a protein involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) as part of the mRNA surveillance complex. The protein has kinase activity and is thought to function in NMD by phosphorylating the regulator of nonsense transcripts 1 protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

phosphodiesterase 10A

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. It plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. This protein can hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP to the corresponding nucleoside 5' monophosphate, but has higher affinity for cAMP, and is more efficient with cAMP as substrate. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

phosphodiesterase 8A

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE8 subfamily. This PDE hydrolyzes the second messenger, cAMP, which is a regulator and mediator of a number of cellular responses to extracellular signals. Thus, by regulating the cellular concentration of cAMP, this protein plays a key role in many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

phosphodiesterase 8B

The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the second messenger cAMP. The encoded protein, which does not hydrolyze cGMP, is resistant to several PDE inhibitors. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal dominant striatal degeneration (ADSD). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, cytoplasmic 1 pseudogene

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class P pseudogene 3

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein-like

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein pseudogene 1

glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1

Predicted to enable glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase activity; glycerophosphoinositol glycerophosphodiesterase activity; and lysophospholipase activity. Predicted to be involved in N-acylethanolamine metabolic process; ethanolamine metabolic process; and phospholipid metabolic process. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein

The protein encoded by this gene serves to anchor phosphodiesterase 4D to the Golgi/centrosome region of the cell. Defects in this gene may be a cause of myeloproliferative disorder (MBD) associated with eosinophilia. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class A, pseudogene 1

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class P

This gene encodes an enzyme involved in the first step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells that serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. The encoded protein is a component of the GPI-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex that catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from UDP-GlcNAc to phosphatidylinositol (PI). This gene is located in the Down Syndrome critical region on chromosome 21 and is a candidate for the pathogenesis of Down syndrome. This gene has multiple pseudogenes and is a member of the phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis gene family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

phosphodiesterase 3A, cGMP-inhibited

This gene encodes a member of the cGMP-inhibited cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (cGI-PDE) family. cGI-PDE enzymes hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP, and play critical roles in many cellular processes by regulating the amplitude and duration of intracellular cyclic nucleotide signals. The encoded protein mediates platelet aggregation and also plays important roles in cardiovascular function by regulating vascular smooth muscle contraction and relaxation. Inhibitors of the encoded protein may be effective in treating congestive heart failure. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

phosphodiesterase 3B, cGMP-inhibited

Enables 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of angiogenesis; negative regulation of lipid catabolic process; and regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction. Located in membrane. Part of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein-like

phosphodiesterase 7B

The 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP function as second messengers in a wide variety of signal transduction pathways. 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP to the corresponding 5'-monophosphates and provide a mechanism to downregulate cAMP and cGMP signaling. This gene encodes a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, a member of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein pseudogene

phosphodiesterase 6B, cGMP-specific, rod, beta

Photon absorption triggers a signaling cascade in rod photoreceptors that activates cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), resulting in the rapid hydrolysis of cGMP, closure of cGMP-gated cation channels, and hyperpolarization of the cell. PDE is a peripheral membrane heterotrimeric enzyme made up of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. This gene encodes the beta subunit. Mutations in this gene result in retinitis pigmentosa and autosomal dominant congenital stationary night blindness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

phosphodiesterase 6C, cGMP-specific, cone, alpha prime

This gene encodes the alpha-prime subunit of cone phosphodiesterase, which is composed of a homodimer of two alpha-prime subunits and 3 smaller proteins of 11, 13, and 15 kDa. Mutations in this gene are associated with cone dystrophy type 4 (COD4). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

phosphodiesterase 6A, cGMP-specific, rod, alpha

This gene encodes the cyclic-GMP (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 6A alpha subunit, expressed in cells of the retinal rod outer segment. The phosphodiesterase 6 holoenzyme is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha, beta, and two gamma subunits. cGMP is an important regulator of rod cell membrane current, and its dynamic concentration is established by phosphodiesterase 6A cGMP hydrolysis and guanylate cyclase cGMP synthesis. The protein is a subunit of a key phototransduction enzyme and participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. Mutations in this gene have been identified as one cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphodiesterase 6G, cGMP-specific, rod, gamma

This gene encodes the gamma subunit of cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase, which is composed of alpha- and beta- catalytic subunits and two identical, inhibitory gamma subunits. This gene is expressed in rod photoreceptors and functions in the phototransduction signaling cascade. It is also expressed in a variety of other tissues, and has been shown to regulate the c-Src protein kinase and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

phosphodiesterase 6D, cGMP-specific, rod, delta

This gene encodes the delta subunit of rod-specific photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE), a key enzyme in the phototransduction cascade. A similar protein in cow functions in solubilizing membrane-bound PDE. In addition to its role in the PDE complex, the encoded protein is thought to bind to prenyl groups of proteins to target them to subcellular organelles called cilia. Mutations in this gene are associated with Joubert syndrome-22. Alternative splicing results in multiple splice variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

phosphodiesterase 6H, cGMP-specific, cone, gamma

This gene encodes the inhibitory (or gamma) subunit of the cone-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase, which is a tetramer composed of two catalytic chains (alpha and beta), and two inhibitory chains (gamma). It is specifically expressed in the retina, and is involved in the transmission and amplification of the visual signal. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinal cone dystrophy type 3A (RCD3A). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 6

Enables glycerophosphocholine cholinephosphodiesterase activity. Involved in choline metabolic process and lipid metabolic process. Located in extracellular region and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7

The protein encoded by this gene is an intestinal alkaline sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphocholine. The encoded protein is anchored in the cell membrane, and it may function to protect the intestinal mucosa from inflammation and tumorigenesis. This protein is glycosylated and also exhibits lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 4 (putative)

Enables bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphatase activity. Involved in positive regulation of blood coagulation and purine ribonucleoside catabolic process. Located in extracellular exosome and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 5 (putative)

This gene encodes a type-I transmembrane glycoprotein. Studies in rat suggest the encoded protein may play a role in neuronal cell communications. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2

The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a series of ectoenzymes that are involved in hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. These ectoenzymes possess ATPase and ATP pyrophosphatase activities and are type II transmembrane proteins. Expression of the related rat mRNA has been found in a subset of immature glial cells and in the alimentary tract. The corresponding rat protein has been detected in the pancreas, small intestine, colon, and liver. The human mRNA is expressed in glioma cells, prostate, and uterus. Expression of the human protein has been detected in uterus, basophils, and mast cells. Two transcript variants, one protein coding and the other non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1

This gene is a member of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family. The encoded protein is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein comprising two identical disulfide-bonded subunits. This protein has broad specificity and cleaves a variety of substrates, including phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars and pyrophosphate bonds of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. This protein may function to hydrolyze nucleoside 5' triphosphates to their corresponding monophosphates and may also hydrolyze diadenosine polyphosphates. Mutations in this gene have been associated with 'idiopathic' infantile arterial calcification, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL), and insulin resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 pseudogene 10

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class A

This gene encodes a protein required for synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol (GlcNAc-PI), the first intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of GPI anchor. The GPI anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and which serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, an acquired hematologic disorder, has been shown to result from mutations in this gene. Alternate splice variants have been characterized. A related pseudogene is located on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class B

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in GPI-anchor biosynthesis. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This gene is thought to encode a member of a family of dolichol-phosphate-mannose (Dol-P-Man) dependent mannosyltransferases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class C

This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum associated protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid anchor biosynthesis. The GPI lipid anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. The encoded protein is one subunit of the GPI N-acetylglucosaminyl (GlcNAc) transferase that transfers GlcNAc to phosphatidylinositol (PI) on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum. Two alternatively spliced transcripts that encode the same protein have been found for this gene. A pseudogene on chromosome 11 has also been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class F

This gene encodes a protein involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor, a glycolipid containing three mannose molecules in its core backbone, is found on many blood cells where it serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. The encoded protein and another GPI synthesis protein, PIGO, function in the transfer of ethanolaminephosphate to the third mannose in GPI. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class G

This gene encodes an enzyme involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. The encoded protein, which is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, is involved in transferring ethanoloamine phosphate to mannose 2 of glycosylphosphatidylinositol species H7 to form species H8. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with intellectual disability, hypotonia, and early-onset seizures. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class H

This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum associated protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and which serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the GPI N-acetylglucosaminyl (GlcNAc) transferase that transfers GlcNAc to phosphatidylinositol (PI) on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class K

This gene encodes a member of the cysteine protease family C13 that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein is a member of the multisubunit enzyme, GPI transamidase and is thought to be its enzymatic component. GPI transamidase mediates GPI anchoring in the endoplasmic reticulum, by catalyzing the transfer of fully assembled GPI units to proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class L

This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the second step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis, which is the de-N-acetylation of N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol (GlcNAc-PI). Study of a similar rat enzyme suggests that this protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class M

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in GPI-anchor biosynthesis. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor is a glycolipid which contains three mannose molecules in its core backbone. The GPI-anchor is found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This gene encodes a mannosyltransferase, GPI-MT-I, that transfers the first mannose to GPI on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class N

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum and transfers phosphoethanolamine (EtNP) to the first mannose of the GPI anchor. Two alternatively spliced variants, which encode an identical isoform, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class O

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid which contains three mannose molecules in its core backbone. The GPI-anchor is found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein is involved in the transfer of ethanolaminephosphate (EtNP) to the third mannose in GPI. At least three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding two distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class Q

This gene is involved in the first step in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This gene encodes a N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase component that is part of the complex that catalyzes transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from UDP-GlcNAc to phosphatidylinositol (PI). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class S

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in GPI-anchor biosynthesis. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This gene encodes an essential component of the multisubunit enzyme, GPI transamidase. GPI transamidase mediates GPI anchoring in the endoplasmic reticulum, by catalyzing the transfer of fully assembled GPI units to proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class T

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein is an essential component of the multisubunit enzyme, GPI transamidase. GPI transamidase mediates GPI anchoring in the endoplasmic reticulum, by catalyzing the transfer of fully assembled GPI units to proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class U

The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc91, a predicted integral membrane protein that may function in cell division control. The protein encoded by this gene is the fifth subunit of GPI transamidase that attaches GPI-anchors to proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class V

This gene encodes a mannosyltransferase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). GPI is a complex glycolipid that functions as a membrane anchor for many proteins and plays a role in multiple cellular processes including protein sorting and signal transduction. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and transfers the second mannose to the GPI backbone. Mutations in this gene are associated with hyperphosphatasia cognitive disability syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class W

The protein encoded by this gene is an inositol acyltransferase that acylates the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol. This occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and is a step in the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), which anchors many cell surface proteins to the membrane. Defects in this gene are a cause of the age-dependent epileptic encephalopathy West syndrome as well as a syndrome exhibiting hyperphosphatasia and cognitive disability (HPMRS5). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class X

This gene encodes a type I transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The protein is an essential component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I, which transfers the first of the four mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursors during GPI-anchor biosynthesis. Studies in rat indicate that the protein is translated from a non-AUG translation initiation site. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class Y

The protein encoded by this gene is part of the GPI-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GIP-GnT) complex which initiates the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). GPI is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and serves as an anchor for many surface proteins. Proteins containing GPI anchors can have an important role in cell-cell interactions. The transcript for this gene is bicistronic. The downstream open reading frame encodes this GPI-GnT complex protein, while the upstream open reading frame encodes a protein with unknown function, as represented by GeneID:100996939. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class Z

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells that serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This gene encodes a protein that is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, and is involved in GPI anchor biosynthesis. As shown for the yeast homolog, which is a member of a family of dolichol-phosphate-mannose (Dol-P-Man)-dependent mannosyltransferases, this protein can also add a side-branching fourth mannose to GPI precursors during the assembly of GPI anchors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase-like 1

PIP5KL1 is a phosphoinositide kinase-like protein that lacks intrinsic lipid kinase activity but associates with type I PIPKs (see PIP5K1A; MIM 603275) and may play a role in localization of PIPK activity (Chang et al., 2004 [PubMed 14701839]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, acid-like 3B

Enables phosphoric diester hydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in membrane lipid catabolic process; negative regulation of inflammatory response; and negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, acid-like 3A

Enables phosphoric diester hydrolase activity and zinc ion binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway and nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process. Located in extracellular exosome. Is active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, X domain containing 3

Predicted to enable phosphoric diester hydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in lipid catabolic process and signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in glutamatergic synapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, membrane-associated 1

PITPNM1 belongs to a family of membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer domain-containing proteins that share homology with the Drosophila retinal degeneration B (rdgB) protein (Ocaka et al., 2005 [PubMed 15627748]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, membrane-associated 2

PITPNM2 belongs to a family of membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer domain-containing proteins that share homology with the Drosophila retinal degeneration B (rdgB) protein (Ocaka et al., 2005 [PubMed 15627748]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, X domain containing 2

Predicted to enable phosphoric diester hydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in lipid catabolic process and signal transduction. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, X domain containing 1

This gene is the most terminal protein-coding gene in the pseudoautosomal (PAR) region on chromosomes X and Y. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2 beta pseudogene

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3) pseudogene 2

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3) pseudogene 1

phosphodiesterase 9A

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP to their corresponding monophosphates. The encoded protein plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of these cyclic nucleotides. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 3

Enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including early endosome to late endosome transport; macroautophagy; and phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process. Acts upstream of or within autophagy and positive regulation of protein lipidation. Located in autolysosome; late endosome; and midbody. Part of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2 beta

This gene encodes a member of the type II PI4 kinase protein family. The encoded protein is primarily cytosolic and contributes to overall PI4-kinase activity along with other protein family members. This protein is involved in early T cell activation. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2 alpha

Phosphatidylinositolpolyphosphates (PtdInsPs) are centrally involved in many biologic processes, ranging from cell growth and organization of the actin cytoskeleton to endo- and exocytosis. PI4KII phosphorylates PtdIns at the D-4 position, an essential step in the biosynthesis of PtdInsPs (Barylko et al., 2001 [PubMed 11244087]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

phosphodiesterase 1C, calmodulin-dependent 70kDa

This gene encodes an enzyme that belongs to the 3'5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. Members of this family catalyze hydrolysis of the cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, to the corresponding nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The enzyme encoded by this gene regulates proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, and neointimal hyperplasia. This enzyme also plays a role in pathological vascular remodeling by regulating the stability of growth factor receptors, such as PDGF-receptor-beta. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

phosphodiesterase 1B, calmodulin-dependent

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE1 subfamily. Members of the PDE1 family are calmodulin-dependent PDEs that are stimulated by a calcium-calmodulin complex. This PDE has dual-specificity for the second messengers, cAMP and cGMP, with a preference for cGMP as a substrate. cAMP and cGMP function as key regulators of many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play a role in signal transduction by regulating intracellular cyclic nucleotide concentrations through hydrolysis of cAMP and/or cGMP to their respective nucleoside 5-prime monophosphates. Members of the PDE1 family, such as PDE1A, are Ca(2+)/calmodulin (see CALM1; MIM 114180)-dependent PDEs (CaM-PDEs) that are activated by calmodulin in the presence of Ca(2+) (Michibata et al., 2001 [PubMed 11342109]; Fidock et al., 2002 [PubMed 11747989]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009]

phosphodiesterase 12

Enables poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to interferon-alpha; innate immune response; and mRNA catabolic process. Located in mitochondrial matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phospholipase C, beta 3 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)

This gene encodes a member of the phosphoinositide phospholipase C beta enzyme family that catalyze the production of the secondary messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate from phosphatidylinositol in G-protein-linked receptor-mediated signal transduction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

SMG1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase pseudogene

phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, alpha pseudogene 1

phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2 alpha pseudogene

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) pseudogene

phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class F, pseudogene 2

phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein

This gene encodes a clathrin assembly protein, which recruits clathrin and adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2) to cell membranes at sites of coated-pit formation and clathrin-vesicle assembly. The protein may be required to determine the amount of membrane to be recycled, possibly by regulating the size of the clathrin cage. The protein is involved in AP2-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the neuromuscular junction. A chromosomal translocation t(10;11)(p13;q14) leading to the fusion of this gene and the MLLT10 gene is found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and malignant lymphomas. The polymorphisms of this gene are associated with the risk of Alzheimer disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3) pseudogene

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein pseudogene

glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase GDE1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Predicted to enable glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase activity. Predicted to be involved in glycerophospholipid catabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within skeletal muscle tissue development. Predicted to be located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase

Predicted to enable 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase activity. Involved in substantia nigra development. Located in cytoplasm; extracellular space; and microtubule. Implicated in hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 20; multiple sclerosis; and schizophrenia. Biomarker of alcoholic liver cirrhosis; multiple sclerosis; and restless legs syndrome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein pseudogene

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, gamma

This locus encodes a type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase. The encoded protein catalyzes phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, producing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This enzyme is found at synapses and has been found to play roles in endocytosis and cell migration. Mutations at this locus have been associated with lethal congenital contractural syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, beta

Predicted to enable 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process. Located in uropod. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha

Enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity and kinase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including activation of GTPase activity; focal adhesion assembly; and ruffle assembly. Located in several cellular components, including lamellipodium; nucleus; and ruffle membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, beta

Enables 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity and 14-3-3 protein binding activity. Involved in inner ear development. Acts upstream of or within lysosome organization. Located in Golgi membrane. Implicated in autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 87. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, alpha

This gene encodes a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase which catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. The mammalian PI 4-kinases have been classified into two types, II and III, based on their molecular mass, and modulation by detergent and adenosine. The protein encoded by this gene is a type III enzyme that is not inhibited by adenosine. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2018]

phosphodiesterase 4A, cAMP-specific

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE4 subfamily. This PDE hydrolyzes the second messenger, cAMP, which is a regulator and mediator of a number of cellular responses to extracellular signals. Thus, by regulating the cellular concentration of cAMP, this protein plays a key role in many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

phosphodiesterase 4B, cAMP-specific

This gene is a member of the type IV, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family. The encoded protein regulates the cellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and thereby play a role in signal transduction. Altered activity of this protein has been associated with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

phosphodiesterase 4C, cAMP-specific

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE4 subfamily. This PDE hydrolyzes the second messenger, cAMP, which is a regulator and mediator of a number of cellular responses to extracellular signals. Thus, by regulating the cellular concentration of cAMP, this protein plays a key role in many important physiological processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific

This gene encodes one of four mammalian counterparts to the fruit fly 'dunce' gene. The encoded protein has 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity and degrades cAMP, which acts as a signal transduction molecule in multiple cell types. This gene uses different promoters to generate multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode functional proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]