Harmonizome 3.0

regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 1A

This gene encodes a cell-cycle and transcription regulatory protein. The encoded protein interacts with the cell cycle inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B and may function as a negative regulator of G(1)/S phase progression. This protein also forms homo- and hetrodimers with the protein, regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain-containing protein 1B, to form a scaffold that interacts with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II subunit B1 and regulates several aspects of transcription. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 1B

Enables RNA polymerase II complex binding activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including RNA polymerase II promoter clearance; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of transcription preinitiation complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 2

Predicted to enable RNA polymerase II complex binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 3'-end processing. Part of transcription preinitiation complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 1A pseudogene

BST2 interferon stimulated positive regulator (non-protein coding)

thymocyte expressed, positive selection associated 1

Predicted to enable phospholipase binding activity and signaling receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in COP9 signalosome assembly; positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus; and positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to act upstream of or within TCR signalosome assembly. Located in cytosol. Part of COP9 signalosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

gastric adenocarcinoma associated, positive CD44 regulator, long intergenic non-coding RNA

muscular dystrophy, congenital, merosin-positive

growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer-like

Acts upstream of or within kidney development. Predicted to be located in membrane. Implicated in autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 80 and renal agenesis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1

This gene is an estrogen-responsive gene that is an early response gene in the estrogen receptor-regulated pathway. It is thought to play an important role in hormone-responsive tissues and cancer. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

plaque enriched lncRNA in atherosclerotic and inflammatory bowel macrophage regulation

p53 regulation associated lncRNA

SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 pseudogene

enhancer of mRNA decapping 3

This gene encodes a protein that is important in mRNA degradation. The encoded protein is a component of a decapping complex that promotes efficient removal of the monomethylguanosine (m7G) cap from mRNAs, as part of the 5' to 3' mRNA decay pathway. Mutations in this gene have been identified in human patients with an autosomal recessive form of intellectual disability. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

enhancer of mRNA decapping 4

Predicted to be involved in deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Located in P-body and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

crooked neck pre-mRNA splicing factor 1

The crooked neck (crn) gene of Drosophila is essential for embryogenesis and is thought to be involved in cell cycle progression and pre-mRNA splicing. A protein encoded by this human locus has been found to localize to pre-mRNA splicing complexes in the nucleus and is necessary for pre-mRNA splicing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

SYF2 pre-mRNA-splicing factor pseudogene 2

SYF2 pre-mRNA-splicing factor pseudogene 1

decapping mRNA 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a key component of an mRNA-decapping complex required for degradation of mRNAs, both in normal mRNA turnover, and in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). It removes the 7-methyl guanine cap structure from mRNA, prior to its degradation from the 5' end. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 2

Enables cytidine deaminase activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island demethylation. Acts upstream of or within cytidine to uridine editing. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SYF2 pre-mRNA-splicing factor

This gene encodes a nuclear protein that interacts with cyclin D-type binding-protein 1, which is thought to be a cell cycle regulator at the G1/S transition. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 pseudogene 1

SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 pseudogene 3

SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 pseudogene 2

SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 pseudogene 5

SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 pseudogene 4

SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 pseudogene 6

pre-mRNA processing factor 3 pseudogene

NAG18 mRNA

pre-mRNA processing factor 4B

Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in two sequential transesterification steps, and the protein encoded by this gene is thought to be involved in pre-mRNA splicing and in signal transduction. This protein belongs to a kinase family that includes serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinases and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). This protein is regarded as a CDK-like kinase (Clk) with homology to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pre-mRNA processing factor 8

Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in 2 sequential transesterification steps. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of both U2- and U12-dependent spliceosomes, and found to be essential for the catalytic step II in pre-mRNA splicing process. It contains several WD repeats, which function in protein-protein interactions. This protein has a sequence similarity to yeast Prp8 protein. This gene is a candidate gene for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pre-mRNA processing factor 3

The removal of introns from nuclear pre-mRNAs occurs on complexes called spliceosomes, which are made up of 4 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles and an undefined number of transiently associated splicing factors. This gene product is one of several proteins that associate with U4 and U6 snRNPs. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinitis pigmentosa-18. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pre-mRNA processing factor 4

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a heteromeric complex that binds U4, U5, and U6 small nuclear RNAs and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The encoded protein also is a mitotic checkpoint protein and a regulator of chemoresistance in human ovarian cancer. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

pre-mRNA processing factor 6

The protein encoded by this gene appears to be involved in pre-mRNA splicing, possibly acting as a bridging factor between U5 and U4/U6 snRNPs in formation of the spliceosome. The encoded protein also can bind androgen receptor, providing a link between transcriptional activation and splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mRNA turnover 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a protein sharing a low level of sequence similarity with ribosomal protein P0. While the precise function of the encoded protein is currently unknown, it appears to be involved in mRNA turnover and ribosome assembly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1

This gene encodes a member of the insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein family. The protein encoded by this gene contains four K homology domains and two RNA recognition motifs. It functions by binding to the mRNAs of certain genes, including insulin-like growth factor 2, beta-actin and beta-transducin repeat-containing protein, and regulating their translation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2

This gene encodes a protein that binds the 5' UTR of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA and regulates its translation. It plays an important role in metabolism and variation in this gene is associated with susceptibility to diabetes. Alternative splicing and promoter usage results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes are found on several chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

pre-mRNA processing factor 19

Enables identical protein binding activity and ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity. Involved in several processes, including DNA damage checkpoint signaling; mRNA splicing, via spliceosome; and protein K63-linked ubiquitination. Acts upstream of or within protein polyubiquitination. Located in cytoplasm; nuclear lumen; and site of double-strand break. Part of Prp19 complex and U2-type catalytic step 2 spliceosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pre-mRNA processing factor 18

Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in 2 sequential transesterification steps. The protein encoded by this gene is found to be essential for the catalytic step II in pre-mRNA splicing process. It is found in the spliceosome, and contains seven WD repeats, which function in protein-protein interactions. This protein has a sequence similarity to the yeast splicing factor Prp18. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 pseudogene

PRP40 pre-mRNA processing factor 40 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cytoskeleton organization; regulation of cell shape; and regulation of cytokinesis. Located in nuclear matrix and nuclear speck. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pre-mRNA processing factor 4B pseudogene

decapping mRNA 1B

This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that function in removing the 5' cap from mRNAs, which is a step in regulated mRNA decay. This protein localizes to cytoplasmic foci which are the site of mRNA breakdown and turnover. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

decapping mRNA 1A

Decapping is a key step in general and regulated mRNA decay. The protein encoded by this gene is a decapping enzyme. This protein and another decapping enzyme form a decapping complex, which interacts with the nonsense-mediated decay factor hUpf1 and may be recruited to mRNAs containing premature termination codons. This protein also participates in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3

The protein encoded by this gene is primarily found in the nucleolus, where it can bind to the 5' UTR of the insulin-like growth factor II leader 3 mRNA and may repress translation of insulin-like growth factor II during late development. The encoded protein contains several KH domains, which are important in RNA binding and are known to be involved in RNA synthesis and metabolism. A pseudogene exists on chromosome 7, and there are putative pseudogenes on other chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 pseudogene

mRNA turnover 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

PAI-1 mRNA binding protein pseudogene

pre-mRNA processing factor 39

Predicted to contribute to pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of U1 snRNP; U2-type prespliceosome; and commitment complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pre-mRNA processing factor 31

This gene encodes a component of the spliceosome complex and is one of several retinitis pigmentosa-causing genes. When the gene product is added to the spliceosome complex, activation occurs.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 pseudogene

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1

This gene encodes a member of the cytidine deaminase enzyme family. The encoded protein forms a multiple-protein editing holoenzyme with APOBEC1 complementation factor (ACF) and APOBEC1 stimulating protein (ASP). This holoenzyme is involved in the editing of C-to-U nucleotide bases in apolipoprotein B and neurofibromatosis-1 mRNAs. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 4 (putative)

This gene encodes a member of the AID/APOBEC family of polynucleotide (deoxy)cytidine deaminases, which convert cytidine to uridine. Other AID/APOBEC family members are involved in mRNA editing, somatic hypermutation and recombination of immunoglobulin genes, and innate immunity to retroviral infection. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pre-mRNA processing factor 4B pseudogene

SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1

Enables several functions, including SUMO binding activity; mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity; and ribosome binding activity. Involved in PML body organization and ribosome hibernation. Located in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 pseudogene

IGF-II mRNA-binding protein 2-like

mRNA turnover 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

pre-mRNA processing factor 38A

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of U2-type precatalytic spliceosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pre-mRNA processing factor 38B

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of precatalytic spliceosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

PRP40 pre-mRNA processing factor 40 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a WW-domain containing protein similar to yeast splicing factor PRP40. This protein has been shown to interact with Huntingtin and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Alternative splicing results in different transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3H

This gene encodes a member of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3 family of proteins. The encoded protein is a cytidine deaminase that has antiretroviral activity by generating lethal hypermutations in viral genomes. Polymorphisms and alternative splicing in this gene influence its antiretroviral activity and are associated with increased resistence to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in certain populations. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3D

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of a group of related genes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1 and inhibit retroviruses, such as HIV, by deaminating cytosine residues in nascent retroviral cDNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes site-specific deamination of both RNA and single-stranded DNA. The encoded protein has been found to be a specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infectivity. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3F

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. The protein encoded by this gene lacks the zinc binding activity of other family members. The protein plays a role in immunity, by restricting transmission of foreign DNA such as viruses. One mechanism of foreign DNA restriction is deamination of foreign double-stranded DNA cytidines to uridines, which leads to DNA degradation. However, other mechanisms are also thought to be involved, as anti-viral effect is not dependent on deaminase activity. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3C

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3B

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. A hybrid gene results from the deletion of approximately 29.5 kb of sequence between this gene, APOBEC3B, and the adjacent gene APOBEC3A. The breakpoints of the deletion are within the two genes, so the deletion allele is predicted to have the promoter and coding region of APOBEC3A, but the 3' UTR of APOBEC3B. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

KH domain containing 4, pre-mRNA splicing factor

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in mRNA splice site recognition. Located in cytoplasm; nucleoplasm; and spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

meiosis regulator and mRNA stability factor 1

This gene encodes a putative peroxisomal protein that appears to be conserved across Euteleostomi. In humans, it may be autoantigenic. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]