Harmonizome 3.0

breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2 pseudogene 2

breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2 pseudogene 3

breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2 pseudogene 1

breast carcinoma amplified sequence 4

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be part of BLOC-1 complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2

Involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Located in DNA replication factor A complex; centrosome; and nuclear speck. Part of Prp19 complex and U2-type catalytic step 2 spliceosome. Implicated in breast cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

breast carcinoma amplified sequence 3

Enables several functions, including acetyltransferase activator activity; beta-tubulin binding activity; and histone acetyltransferase binding activity. Involved in cellular response to estrogen stimulus; positive regulation of catalytic activity; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in euchromatin; nucleus; and phagophore assembly site. Implicated in Hengel-Maroofian-Schols syndrome. Biomarker of breast cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1

This gene resides in a region at 20q13 which is amplified in a variety of tumor types and associated with more aggressive tumor phenotypes. Among the genes identified from this region, it was found to be highly expressed in three amplified breast cancer cell lines and in one breast tumor without amplification at 20q13.2. However, this gene is not in the common region of maximal amplification and its expression was not detected in the breast cancer cell line MCF7, in which this region is highly amplified. Although not consistently expressed, this gene is a candidate oncogene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

serologically defined breast cancer antigen NY-BR-40

synuclein, gamma (breast cancer-specific protein 1)

This gene encodes a member of the synuclein family of proteins which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with breast tumor development. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 pseudogene 2

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 pseudogene 1

Breast cancer, 11;22 translocation associated

breast cancer-associated transcript 54

growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer-like

Acts upstream of or within kidney development. Predicted to be located in membrane. Implicated in autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 80 and renal agenesis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

epithelial stromal interaction 1 (breast)

The protein encoded by this gene has been shown to promote tumor invasion and metastasis in some invasive cancer cells when overexpressed. Expression of this gene has been shown to be upregulated by direct binding of the Kruppel like factor 8 protein to promoter sequences. The translated protein interacts with the amino terminal region of the valosin containing protein gene product, resulting in the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 gene product, and activation of target genes. Overexpression of this gene has been observed in some breast cancers and in some individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

breast cancer 1, early onset

This gene encodes a 190 kD nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in maintaining genomic stability, and it also acts as a tumor suppressor. The BRCA1 gene contains 22 exons spanning about 110 kb of DNA. The encoded protein combines with other tumor suppressors, DNA damage sensors, and signal transducers to form a large multi-subunit protein complex known as the BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex (BASC). This gene product associates with RNA polymerase II, and through the C-terminal domain, also interacts with histone deacetylase complexes. This protein thus plays a role in transcription, DNA repair of double-stranded breaks, and recombination. Mutations in this gene are responsible for approximately 40% of inherited breast cancers and more than 80% of inherited breast and ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing plays a role in modulating the subcellular localization and physiological function of this gene. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which are disease-associated mutations, have been described for this gene, but the full-length natures of only some of these variants has been described. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 17, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

breast cancer 3

breast cancer 2, early onset

Inherited mutations in BRCA1 and this gene, BRCA2, confer increased lifetime risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer. Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in maintenance of genome stability, specifically the homologous recombination pathway for double-strand DNA repair. The largest exon in both genes is exon 11, which harbors the most important and frequent mutations in breast cancer patients. The BRCA2 gene was found on chromosome 13q12.3 in human. The BRCA2 protein contains several copies of a 70 aa motif called the BRC motif, and these motifs mediate binding to the RAD51 recombinase which functions in DNA repair. BRCA2 is considered a tumor suppressor gene, as tumors with BRCA2 mutations generally exhibit loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the wild-type allele. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1-like

The protein encoded by this gene shows sequence similarity to the human breast carcinoma metastasis suppressor (BRMS1) protein and the mammalian Sds3 (suppressor of defective silencing 3) proteins. This protein is a component of the mSin3a family of histone deacetylase complexes (HDAC). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

prostate and breast cancer overexpressed 1

This intronless gene encodes a protein of unknown function. Its expression is up-regulated in some types of cancer, including prostate, breast, and bladder cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

Breast cancer-related regulator of TP53

breast cancer estrogen-induced apoptosis 2

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a spliced long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has been implicated in breast cancer metastasis. It was originally identified in a screen for genes responsible for the development of resistance to anti-estrogens in breast cancer cells. It is thought that release of CCL21 enables this lncRNA to bind to the SNIP1 and PNUTS transcription factors, thereby activating a non-canonical GLI-dependent hedgehog signaling pathway that promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. A similar gene in cow expresses a protein in mature oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Crk-associated substrate (CAS) family of scaffold proteins, characterized by the presence of multiple protein-protein interaction domains and many serine and tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The encoded protein contains a Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain, a proline-rich domain, a substrate domain which contains 15 repeat of the YxxP consensus phosphorylation motif for Src family kinases, a serine-rich domain, and a bipartite Src-binding domain, which can bind both SH2 and SH3 domains. This adaptor protein functions in multiple cellular pathways, including in cell motility, apoptosis and cell cycle control. Dysregulation of this gene can have a wide range of effects, affecting different pathways, including cardiac development, vascular smooth muscle cells, liver and kidney function, endothelial migration, and cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3

Breast tumors are initially dependent on estrogens for growth and progression and can be inhibited by anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen. However, breast cancers progress to become anti-estrogen resistant. Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance gene 3 was identified in the search for genes involved in the development of estrogen resistance. The gene encodes a component of intracellular signal transduction that causes estrogen-independent proliferation in human breast cancer cells. The protein contains a putative src homology 2 (SH2) domain, a hall mark of cellular tyrosine kinase signaling molecules, and is partly homologous to the cell division cycle protein CDC48. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

breast cancer-associated transcript 107

growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1

This gene is an estrogen-responsive gene that is an early response gene in the estrogen receptor-regulated pathway. It is thought to play an important role in hormone-responsive tissues and cancer. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1

This gene reduces the metastatic potential, but not the tumorogenicity, of human breast cancer and melanoma cell lines. The protein encoded by this gene localizes primarily to the nucleus and is a component of the mSin3a family of histone deacetylase complexes (HDAC). The protein contains two coiled-coil motifs and several imperfect leucine zipper motifs. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma 1

Papillary thyroid carcinoma with papillary renal neoplasia

hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen HCA25a

hepatocellular carcinoma up-regulated EZH2-associated long non-coding RNA

Biomarker of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 19

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 18

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 17

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 16

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 15

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 14

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 13

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 12

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 11

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 10

thyroid carcinoma, Hurthle cell

Basal cell carcinoma, susceptibility to, 5

nasopharyngeal carcinoma, down-regulated 1

NUT midline carcinoma, family member 1

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Basal cell carcinoma, susceptibility to, 6

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 9

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 8

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 7

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 6

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 5

Predicted to enable protein dimerization activity. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 4

Predicted to enable protein dimerization activity. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 3

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 2

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 1

gastric carcinoma proliferation enhancing transcript 1

This gene encodes an unspliced long non-coding RNA that has been suggested to promote the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells and bladder cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene lung carcinoma derived homolog

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation. Located in chromosome and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

hepatocellular carcinoma, down-regulated 1

This gene is expressed predominantly in the liver. Transient transfection studies show the expression of this gene significantly inhibits cell growth, suggesting a role for this gene in apoptosis. Expression of this gene is down-regulated or lost in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), suggesting that loss of this gene is involved in carcinogenesis of hepatocytes (PMID:12971969). This gene maps to the 3'-noncoding region of the HEPACAM gene (GeneID:220296) on the antisense strand. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, susceptibility to, 2

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 1

Thyroid carcinoma, nonmedullary, with cell oxyphilia

papillary renal cell carcinoma (translocation-associated)

This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing. Chromosomal translocations (X;1)(p11;q21) that result in fusion of this gene to TFE3 (GeneID 7030) have been associated with papillary renal cell carcinoma. A PRCC-TFE3 fusion protein is expressed in affected carcinomas and is likely associated with altered gene transactivation. This fusion protein has also been associated with disruption of the cell cycle.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

disrupted in renal carcinoma 1

Disruption of DIRC1 by translocation is associated with familial clear cell renal cancer. Overexpression of DIRC1 is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2019]

disrupted in renal carcinoma 3

disrupted in renal carcinoma 2

This gene encodes a membrane-bound protein from the major facilitator superfamily of transporters. Disruption of this gene by translocation has been associated with haplo-insufficiency and renal cell carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility candidate 1 (non-protein coding)

papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility candidate 3 (non-protein coding)

Anal canal carcinoma

Mahlavu hepatocellular carcinoma

This gene is unusual in that it is mostly made up of L1 repeat elements. However, there is a study suggesting that this gene is transcribed and translated, and that it has oncogenic transforming activity when transfected into rat liver cells and NIH3T3 fibroblasts. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

Basal cell carcinoma, susceptibility to, 4

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 22

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 20

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein) pseudogene 21

squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells

This gene encodes two proteins, the SART1(800) protein expressed in the nucleus of the majority of proliferating cells, and the SART1(259) protein expressed in the cytosol of epithelial cancers. The SART1(259) protein is translated by the mechanism of -1 frameshifting during posttranscriptional regulation; its full-length sequence is not published yet. The two encoded proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of proliferation. Both proteins have tumor-rejection antigens. The SART1(259) protein possesses tumor epitopes capable of inducing HLA-A2402-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cancer patients. This SART1(259) antigen may be useful in specific immunotherapy for cancer patients and may serve as a paradigmatic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atopy. The SART1(259) protein is found to be essential for the recruitment of the tri-snRNP to the pre-spliceosome in the spliceosome assembly pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

hepatocellular carcinoma up-regulated long non-coding RNA

This gene produces a long RNA that was discovered as upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with cancer progression. Expression of this transcript is regulated by microRNAs and at the transcriptional level by Sp1 family factors. The transcript may regulate gene expression by functioning as a competing RNA for microRNAs. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

Basal cell carcinoma, susceptibility to, 1

Basal cell carcinoma, susceptibility to, 2

Basal cell carcinoma, susceptibility to, 3

suppression of tumorigenicity 14 (colon carcinoma)

The protein encoded by this gene is an epithelial-derived, integral membrane serine protease. This protease forms a complex with the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, HAI-1, and is found to be activated by sphingosine 1-phosphate. This protease has been shown to cleave and activate hepatocyte growth factor/scattering factor, and urokinase plasminogen activator, which suggest the function of this protease as an epithelial membrane activator for other proteases and latent growth factors. The expression of this protease has been associated with breast, colon, prostate, and ovarian tumors, which implicates its role in cancer invasion, and metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

suppression of tumorigenicity 13 (colon carcinoma) (Hsp70 interacting protein)

The protein encoded by this gene is an adaptor protein that mediates the association of the heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90. This protein has been shown to be involved in the assembly process of glucocorticoid receptor, which requires the assistance of multiple molecular chaperones. The expression of this gene is reported to be downregulated in colorectal carcinoma tissue suggesting that it is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

immature colon carcinoma transcript 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase and a vital component of the large mitochondrial ribosome. The encoded protein serves as a ribosome release factor for this ribosome, which translates mitochondrial genes. This protein may be responsible for degrading prematurely-terminated polypeptides and for reusing stalled ribosomes. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

hepatocellular carcinoma-related HCRP1

papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility candidate 2 (non-protein coding)

squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3

The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA-binding nuclear protein that is a tumor-rejection antigen. This antigen possesses tumor epitopes capable of inducing HLA-A24-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cancer patients and may be useful for specific immunotherapy. This gene product is found to be an important cellular factor for HIV-1 gene expression and viral replication. It also associates transiently with U6 and U4/U6 snRNPs during the recycling phase of the spliceosome cycle. This encoded protein is thought to be involved in the regulation of mRNA splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

hepatocellular carcinoma associated transcript 5 (non-protein coding)

lung carcinoma-associated 10

cervical carcinoma high-expressed lncRNA 1

p53 regulated carcinoma associated Stat3 activating long intergenic non-protein coding transcript

hepatocellular carcinoma ferroptosis associative lncRNA

P38 inhibited cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma associated lincRNA