Harmonizome 3.0

insulin

This gene encodes insulin, a peptide hormone that plays a vital role in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects have been identified, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal diabetes diabetes mellitus, maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 and hyperproinsulinemia. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

INS-IGF2 readthrough

This locus includes two alternatively spliced read-through transcript variants which align to the INS gene in the 5' region and to the IGF2 gene in the 3' region. One transcript is predicted to encode a protein which shares the N-terminus with the INS protein but has a distinct and longer C-terminus, whereas the other transcript is a candidate for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). The transcripts are imprinted and are paternally expressed in the limb and eye. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

From GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations

genes co-occuring with the biological term ins in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From Guide to Pharmacology Protein Ligands of Receptors

receptors of the INS ligand (protein) from the curated Guide to Pharmacology Protein Ligands of Receptors dataset.

From Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions

interacting proteins for INS from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset.

From LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures

genes differentially expressed following the INS gene perturbation from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset.

From DrugBank Drug Targets

interacting proteins for the INS 316 drug from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.

From Guide to Pharmacology Chemical Ligands of Receptors

receptors of the Ins(3 4 5 6)P₄ ligand (chemical) from the curated Guide to Pharmacology Chemical Ligands of Receptors dataset.

From HumanCyc Pathways

proteins participating in the 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis V (from Ins(1,3,4)P3) pathway from the HumanCyc Pathways dataset.

From Reactome Pathways 2014

proteins participating in the Synthesis of IP2, IP, and Ins in the cytosol pathway from the Reactome Pathways dataset.

From TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores

proteins co-occuring with the tissue ins-1 cell in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.

From TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores

proteins co-occuring with the tissue ins-1 823/13 cell in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.

From TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores

proteins co-occuring with the tissue ins-1e cell in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores dataset.

From Reactome Pathways 2024

proteins participating in the Synthesis of IP2, IP, and Ins in the cytosol pathway from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset.

From TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025

proteins co-occuring with the tissue INS-1 cell in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.

From TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025

proteins co-occuring with the tissue INS-1E cell in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.

From TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025

proteins co-occuring with the tissue INS-1 823/13 cell in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the INS(3,4,5,6)P4 drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.