Harmonizome 3.0

leiomodin 1 (smooth muscle)

The leiomodin 1 protein has a putative membrane-spanning region and 2 types of tandemly repeated blocks. The transcript is expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest levels in thyroid, eye muscle, skeletal muscle, and ovary. Increased expression of leiomodin 1 may be linked to Graves' disease and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 6, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle

Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain that is expressed in smooth muscle and non-muscle tissues. Genomic sequences representing several pseudogenes have been described and two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 6B, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle

Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain expressed in both slow-twitch skeletal muscle and in nonmuscle tissue. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

calponin 1, basic, smooth muscle

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation. Located in cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and in the maintenance of the cytoskeleton. Three types of actins, alpha, beta and gamma, have been identified in vertebrates. Alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility. This gene encodes actin gamma 2; a smooth muscle actin found in enteric tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Based on similarity to peptide cleavage of related actins, the mature protein of this gene is formed by removal of two N-terminal peptides.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

myosin, heavy chain 11, smooth muscle

The protein encoded by this gene is a smooth muscle myosin belonging to the myosin heavy chain family. The gene product is a subunit of a hexameric protein that consists of two heavy chain subunits and two pairs of non-identical light chain subunits. It functions as a major contractile protein, converting chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. A chromosomal rearrangement involving this gene is associated with acute myeloid leukemia of the M4Eo subtype. Mutations in this gene are associated with visceral myopathy, megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 2, and familial thoracic aortic aneurysm 4. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

smooth muscle and endothelial cell enriched migration/differentiation-associated long non-coding RNA

actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta

This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. The encoded protein is a smooth muscle actin that is involved in vascular contractility and blood pressure homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, such as thoracic aortic disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, as well as multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric pseudogene

prostate cancer associated transcript 1 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that promotes cell proliferation and is upregulated in prostate, colorectal, and other cancers. This RNA negatively regulates the BRCA2 tumor suppressor protein and positively regulates Myc oncoprotein. It contains binding sites for microRNAs, and may act as a sponge for microRNAs that regulate cell growth pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

prostate cancer associated transcript 2 (non-protein coding)

prostate cancer associated transcript 4 (non-protein coding)

prostate cancer associated transcript 7 (non-protein coding)

microseminoprotein, prostate associated

This gene encodes a member of the beta-microseminoprotein family. Members of this protein family contain ten conserved cysteine residues that form intra-molecular disulfide bonds. The encoded protein may play a role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

SWI/SNF complex antagonist associated with prostate cancer 1 (non-protein coding)

hereditary prostate cancer, X-linked

prostate cancer susceptibility candidate 2

This gene is highly expressed in prostate, rectum, colon, and testis. This gene may produce a non-coding RNA or may encode a short protein that might localize to the nucleus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

prostate cancer susceptibility candidate 1

This gene is reported to be specifically expressed in prostate, rectum and distal colon. Sequence analysis suggests that it may play a regulatory role in the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

novel prostate-specific antigen

P antigen family, member 5 (prostate associated)

This gene is a member of family of proteins that are expressed in a variety of tumors and in some fetal and reproductive tissues. The encoded protein may protect cells from programmed cell death. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

prostate cancer, hereditary, 5

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 4

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 3

prostate and testis expressed 4

Enables acetylcholine receptor regulator activity. Involved in regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity. Located in acrosomal vesicle and extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 7

prostate cancer associated transcript 6 (non-protein coding)

Prostate cancer aggressiveness quantitative trait locus on chromosome 19

P antigen family, member 4 (prostate associated)

This gene is a member of the GAGE family. The GAGE genes are expressed in a variety of tumors and in some fetal and reproductive tissues. This gene is strongly expressed in prostate and prostate cancer. It is also expressed in other male and female reproductive tissues including testis, fallopian tube, uterus, and placenta, as well as in testicular cancer and uterine cancer. The protein encoded by this gene shares sequence similarity with other GAGE/PAGE proteins, and also belongs to a family of CT (cancer-testis) antigens. The protein may play a role in benign and malignant prostate diseases. A related pseudogene is located on chromosome 7. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

P antigen family, member 2 (prostate associated)

P antigen family, member 3 (prostate associated)

This gene is a member of family of proteins that are expressed in a variety of tumors and in some fetal and reproductive tissues. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

P antigen family, member 1 (prostate associated)

This gene belongs to a family of genes that are expressed in a variety of tumors but not in normal tissues, except for the testis. Unlike the other gene family members, this gene does not encode an antigenic peptide. Nothing is presently known about the function of this protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (non-protein coding)

This gene is induced by androgen in prostate adenocarcinoma cells. Multiple alternatively transcript variants have been described for this gene, none of which are predicted to encode a protein product. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

PCGEM1, prostate-specific transcript (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that is overexpressed in prostate cancer and may act a marker for tumor progression. This RNA may act a negative regulator of apoptosis, and may promote activity of androgen receptor and Myc. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that contains a Smad interacting motif (SIM). Expression of this gene is induced by androgens and transforming growth factor beta, and the encoded protein suppresses the androgen receptor and transforming growth factor beta signaling pathways though interactions with Smad proteins. Overexpression of this gene may play a role in multiple types of cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

prostate cancer-associated 47

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 15

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 14

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 10

Prostate cancer, susceptibility to

prostate and testis expressed 1

Predicted to enable acetylcholine receptor regulator activity. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostate and testis expressed 3

Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostate and testis expressed 2

Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 9

P antigen family, member 4 (prostate associated) pseudogene

folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1

This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the M28 peptidase family. The protein acts as a glutamate carboxypeptidase on different alternative substrates, including the nutrient folate and the neuropeptide N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate and is expressed in a number of tissues such as prostate, central and peripheral nervous system and kidney. A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. In the prostate the protein is up-regulated in cancerous cells and is used as an effective diagnostic and prognostic indicator of prostate cancer. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1

This gene is predominantly expressed in prostate tissue, and is found to be upregulated in multiple cancer cell lines. The gene product is predicted to be a six-transmembrane protein, and was shown to be a cell surface antigen significantly expressed at cell-cell junctions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

prostate cancer associated transcript 29 (non-protein coding)

This gene is thought to produce a functional long non-coding RNA. This transcript was identified in prostate cancer cells and may suppress tumor formation. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

prostate stem cell antigen

This gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell membrane glycoprotein. In addition to being highly expressed in the prostate it is also expressed in the bladder, placenta, colon, kidney, and stomach. This gene is up-regulated in a large proportion of prostate cancers and is also detected in cancers of the bladder and pancreas. This gene includes a polymorphism that results in an upstream start codon in some individuals; this polymorphism is thought to be associated with a risk for certain gastric and bladder cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

prostate tumor overexpressed 1 pseudogene

prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein 1

Located in several cellular components, including Golgi apparatus; endosome; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Prostate cancer, hereditary, X-linked 2

prostate and breast cancer overexpressed 1

This intronless gene encodes a protein of unknown function. Its expression is up-regulated in some types of cancer, including prostate, breast, and bladder cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

predisposing for prostate cancer

prostate cancer associated 3 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a spliced, long non-coding RNA that is highly overexpressed in most types of prostate cancer cells and is used as a specific biomarker for this type of cancer. This gene is embedded in an intronic region of the prune2 gene on the opposite DNA strand. The transcript regulates prune2 levels through formation of a double-stranded RNA that undergoes adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-dependent adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing. In prostate cancer derived cells, overexpression of PCA induced downregulation of prune2, leading to decreased cell proliferation. Conversely, silencing in prostate cancer cells resulted in increased proliferation. Regulation of this gene appears to be sensitive to androgen-receptor activation, a molecular signature of prostate cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

P antigen family, member 5 (prostate associated) pseudogene

prostate tumor overexpressed 1

This gene encodes a protein that was found to be overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinomas. The encoded protein was found to interact with the lipid raft protein flotillin-1 and shuttle it from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a cell cycle dependent manner. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

acid phosphatase, prostate

This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate. It is synthesized under androgen regulation and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. An alternatively spliced transcript variant encoding a longer isoform has been found for this gene. This isoform contains a transmembrane domain and is localized in the plasma membrane-endosomal-lysosomal pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

prostate cancer associated transcript 19 (non-protein coding)

prostate cancer associated transcript 18 (non-protein coding)

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostate cancer associated transcript 14 (non-protein coding)

prostate cancer associated non-coding RNA 1

testis, prostate and placenta expressed

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; and motile cilium. Predicted to be active in axonemal A tubule inner sheath and sperm flagellum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lncRNA bladder and prostate cancer suppressor, hnRNPK interacting