Harmonizome 3.0

spastic paraplegia 21 (autosomal recessive, Mast syndrome)

The protein encoded by this gene binds to the hydrophobic C-terminal amino acids of CD4 which are involved in repression of T cell activation. The interaction with CD4 is mediated by the noncatalytic alpha/beta hydrolase fold domain of this protein. It is thus proposed that this gene product modulates the stimulatory activity of CD4. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 21 (SPG21), also known as mast syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]

Usher syndrome 2A (autosomal recessive, mild)

This gene encodes a protein that contains laminin EGF motifs, a pentaxin domain, and many fibronectin type III motifs. The protein is found in the basement membrane, and may be important in development and homeostasis of the inner ear and retina. Mutations within this gene have been associated with Usher syndrome type IIa and retinitis pigmentosa. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

Usher syndrome 1K (autosomal recessive)

spastic paraplegia 38 (autosomal dominant, Silver syndrome)

Usher syndrome 1H (autosomal recessive)

Usher syndrome 1C (autosomal recessive, severe)

This gene encodes a scaffold protein that functions in the assembly of Usher protein complexes. The protein contains PDZ domains, a coiled-coil region with a bipartite nuclear localization signal and a PEST degradation sequence. Defects in this gene are the cause of Usher syndrome type 1C and non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal recessive type 18. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

Usher syndrome 1G (autosomal recessive)

This gene encodes a protein that contains three ankyrin domains, a class I PDZ-binding motif and a sterile alpha motif. The encoded protein interacts with harmonin, which is associated with Usher syndrome type 1C. This protein plays a role in the development and maintenance of the auditory and visual systems and functions in the cohesion of hair bundles formed by inner ear sensory cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with Usher syndrome type 1G (USH1G). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

Usher syndrome 1E (autosomal recessive, severe)

Radiation sensitivity/chromosome instability syndrome, autosomal dominant

DiGeorge syndrome/velocardiofacial syndrome complex 2

optic atrophy 6 (autosomal recessive)

optic atrophy 4 (autosomal dominant)

optic atrophy 5 (autosomal dominant)

optic atrophy 1 (autosomal dominant)

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein with similarity to dynamin-related GTPases. The encoded protein localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps regulate mitochondrial stability and energy output. This protein also sequesters cytochrome c. Mutations in this gene have been associated with optic atrophy type 1, which is a dominantly inherited optic neuropathy resulting in progressive loss of visual acuity, leading in many cases to legal blindness. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

optic atrophy 3 (autosomal recessive, with chorea and spastic paraplegia)

The mouse ortholog of this protein co-purifies with the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mutations in this gene have been shown to result in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III and autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

spastic paraplegia 27 (autosomal recessive)

spastic paraplegia 25 (autosomal recessive, with disc herniation)

spastic paraplegia 24 (autosomal recessive)

cardiomyopathy, restrictive 1A (autosomal dominant)

deafness, autosomal dominant 7

deafness, autosomal dominant 5

Hearing impairment is a heterogeneous condition with over 40 loci described. The protein encoded by this gene is expressed in fetal cochlea, however, its function is not known. Nonsyndromic hearing impairment is associated with a mutation in this gene. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

spastic paraplegia 23 (autosomal recessive)

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 28

Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 29

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 24

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 23

deafness, autosomal recessive 45

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 10

deafness, autosomal recessive 20

deafness, autosomal recessive 26

deafness, autosomal recessive 27

fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 1

The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA binding protein that interacts with the functionally-similar proteins FMR1 and FXR2. These proteins shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm and associate with polyribosomes, predominantly with the 60S ribosomal subunit. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a RNA binding protein containing two KH domains and one RCG box, which is similar to FMRP and FXR1. It associates with polyribosomes, predominantly with 60S large ribosomal subunits. This encoded protein may self-associate or interact with FMRP and FXR1. It may have a role in the development of fragile X cognitive disability syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myopia 18 (high grade, autosomal recessive)

This locus was identified by linkage in one consanguineous Chinese family to lie between D14S984 and D14S999. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

Myopia 19, autosomal dominant

myopia 11 (high grade, autosomal dominant)

deafness, autosomal dominant 37

deafness, autosomal dominant 35

deafness, autosomal dominant 32

deafness, autosomal dominant 33

deafness, autosomal dominant 30

deafness, autosomal dominant 31

cardiomyopathy, restrictive 2A (autosomal recessive)

hypoacusis 2 (autosomal recessive)

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 17

Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 16

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 11

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 19

deafness, autosomal recessive 75

spastic paraplegia 36 (autosomal dominant)

spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 2

spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 3

deafness, autosomal recessive 81

Cataract, autosomal recessive congenital 3

cataract, congenital nuclear, autosomal recessive

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 8

cornea plana 1 (autosomal dominant)

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 9

polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (autosomal recessive)-like 1

Predicted to enable signaling receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in immune response. Predicted to act upstream of or within sensory perception of sound. Predicted to be located in cytosol; extracellular space; and membrane. Implicated in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

spastic paraplegia 45 (autosomal recessive)

spastic paraplegia 41 (autosomal dominant)

This locus was defined in a Chinese family. Nineteen individuals were genotyped and the interval was defined between D11S1324 and D11S1933. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 1 pseudogene

cardiomyopathy, dilated 1K (autosomal dominant)

cardiomyopathy, dilated 1H (autosomal dominant)

cardiomyopathy, dilated 1F (autosomal dominant)

cardiomyopathy, dilated 1B (autosomal dominant)

polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) pseudogene 1

polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) pseudogene 2

polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) pseudogene 3

polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) pseudogene 4

polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) pseudogene 5

polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) pseudogene 6

polycystic kidney disease 3 (autosomal dominant)

polycystic kidney disease 2 (autosomal dominant)

This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein is a multi-pass membrane protein that functions as a calcium permeable cation channel, and is involved in calcium transport and calcium signaling in renal epithelial cells. This protein interacts with polycystin 1, and they may be partners in a common signaling cascade involved in tubular morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant)

This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded glycoprotein contains a large N-terminal extracellular region, multiple transmembrane domains and a cytoplasmic C-tail. It is an integral membrane protein that functions as a regulator of calcium permeable cation channels and intracellular calcium homoeostasis. It is also involved in cell-cell/matrix interactions and may modulate G-protein-coupled signal-transduction pathways. It plays a role in renal tubular development, and mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 1 (ADPKD1). ADPKD1 is characterized by the growth of fluid-filled cysts that replace normal renal tissue and result in end-stage renal failure. Splice variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. Also, six pseudogenes, closely linked in a known duplicated region on chromosome 16p, have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

spastic paraplegia 7 (pure and complicated autosomal recessive)

This gene encodes a mitochondrial metalloprotease protein that is a member of the AAA family. Members of this protein family share an ATPase domain and have roles in diverse cellular processes including membrane trafficking, intracellular motility, organelle biogenesis, protein folding, and proteolysis. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 7. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

spastic paraplegia 9 (autosomal dominant)

deafness, autosomal recessive 62

deafness, autosomal recessive 60

deafness, autosomal recessive 68

deafness, autosomal recessive 69

spastic paraplegia 11 (autosomal recessive)

The protein encoded by this gene is a potential transmembrane protein that is phosphorylated upon DNA damage. Defects in this gene are a cause of spastic paraplegia type 11 (SPG11). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1H (autosomal dominant)

limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1G (autosomal dominant)

dystonia 7, torsion (autosomal dominant)

dystonia 2, torsion (autosomal recessive)

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 25

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 4

Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, autosomal dominant

deafness, autosomal recessive 85

This locus was defined by homozygosity mapping in a kindred of 42 enrolled individuals, between FAM18B2 and NF1. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

deafness, autosomal recessive 83

This locus, identified by homozygosity mapping, overlaps that of DFNA47. It may be that mutations of the same gene are responsible for recessive and dominant hearing loss. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

Laterality defects, autosomal dominant

spastic paraplegia 18 (autosomal dominant)

spastic paraplegia 19 (autosomal dominant)

spastic paraplegia 14 (autosomal recessive)

deafness, autosomal dominant 16

deafness, autosomal dominant 18

deafness, autosomal dominant 19

Hypospadias 3, autosomal

retinitis pigmentosa 1 (autosomal dominant)

This gene encodes a member of the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene contains two doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules and regulate microtubule polymerization. The encoded protein is a photoreceptor microtubule-associated protein and is required for correct stacking of outer segment disc. This protein and the RP1L1 protein, another retinal-specific protein, play essential and synergistic roles in affecting photosensitivity and outer segment morphogenesis of rod photoreceptors. Because of its response to in vivo retinal oxygen levels, this protein was initially named ORP1 (oxygen-regulated protein-1). This protein was subsequently designated RP1 (retinitis pigmentosa 1) when it was found that mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Mutations in this gene also cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Transcript variants resulted from an alternative promoter and alternative splicings have been found, which overlap the current reference sequence and has several exons upstream and downstream of the current reference sequence. However, the biological validity and full-length nature of some variants cannot be determined at this time.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

retinitis pigmentosa 9 (autosomal dominant)

The protein encoded by this gene can be bound and phosphorylated by the protooncogene PIM1 product, a serine/threonine protein kinase . This protein localizes in nuclear speckles containing the splicing factors, and has a role in pre-mRNA splicing. CBF1-interacting protein (CIR), a corepressor of CBF1, can also bind to this protein and effects alternative splicing. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa-9. This gene has a pseudogene (GeneID: 441212), which is located in tandem array approximately 166 kb distal to this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 33

Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 32

Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 31

Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 30

Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 35

mental retardation, non-syndromic, autosomal recessive, 27

deafness, autosomal recessive 59

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the gasdermin family, a family which is found only in vertebrates. The encoded protein is required for the proper function of auditory pathway neurons. Defects in this gene are a cause of non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal recessive type 59 (DFNB59). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

deafness, autosomal recessive 57

deafness, autosomal recessive 56

deafness, autosomal recessive 55

erythrocytosis, autosomal recessive benign 2

dystonia 21, torsion (autosomal dominant)

retinitis pigmentosa 22 (autosomal recessive)

retinitis pigmentosa 29 (autosomal recessive)

Myopia 20, autosomal dominant

myopathy, hyaline body, autosomal recessive

nystagmus 2, congenital autosomal dominant

nystagmus 3, congenital autosomal dominant

nystagmus 4, congenital autosomal dominant

cardiomyopathy, dilated 1Q (autosomal dominant)

cirrhosis, autosomal recessive 1A (cirhin)

This gene encodes a WD40-repeat-containing protein that is localized to the nucleolus. Mutation of this gene causes North American Indian childhood cirrhosis, a severe intrahepatic cholestasis that results in transient neonatal jaundice, and progresses to periportal fibrosis and cirrhosis in childhood and adolescence. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Preauricular tag, isolated, autosomal dominant, 1

deafness, autosomal dominant 43

deafness, autosomal dominant 42

deafness, autosomal dominant 40

deafness, autosomal dominant 47

deafness, autosomal dominant 46

deafness, autosomal dominant 45

deafness, autosomal dominant 49

retinitis pigmentosa 32 (autosomal recessive)

deafness, autosomal recessive 66

deafness, autosomal recessive 65

cone rod dystrophy 1 (autosomal dominant)

deafness, autosomal recessive 58

deafness, autosomal recessive 50

deafness, autosomal recessive 71

myopia 12 (high grade, autosomal dominant)

ptosis, congenital 1 (autosomal dominant)

spastic paraplegia 34 (autosomal dominant)

spastic paraplegia 37 (autosomal dominant)

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 3 (autosomal dominant)

Spinal muscular atrophy, chronic distal, autosomal recessive

deafness, autosomal recessive 5

Ataxia, spastic, 3, autosomal recessive

deafness, autosomal recessive 38

deafness, autosomal recessive 31

This gene is thought to function in the organization and stabilization of sterocilia elongation and actin cystoskeletal assembly, based on studies of the related mouse gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness and Usher Syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]

deafness, autosomal recessive 33

deafness, autosomal recessive 32

deafness, autosomal recessive 34

deafness, autosomal recessive 19

spastic ataxia 1 (autosomal dominant)

deafness, autosomal recessive 44

deafness, autosomal dominant 34

deafness, autosomal dominant 24

deafness, autosomal dominant 27

deafness, autosomal dominant 21

deafness, autosomal dominant 29

retinitis pigmentosa 9 (autosomal dominant) pseudogene

cone rod dystrophy 17 (autosomal dominant)

hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant 4

deafness, autosomal recessive 43

deafness, autosomal recessive 46

Parkinson disease 3 (autosomal dominant, Lewy body)

cataract, pulverulent (autosomal recessive, early-onset)

deafness, autosomal recessive 40

deafness, autosomal recessive 47

spastic paraplegia 32 (autosomal recessive)

deafness, autosomal recessive 51

spastic paraplegia 29 (autosomal dominant)

ocular albinism 3 (autosomal recessive)

microphthalmia, autosomal recessive

spastic paraplegia 5B (autosomal recessive)

noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium, familial isolated, autosomal dominant 2

deafness, autosomal dominant 54

deafness, autosomal dominant 57

deafness, autosomal dominant 52

deafness, autosomal dominant 53

deafness, autosomal dominant 58

This locus was identified to map between markers D2S2259 and D2S2114 in a Brazilian family with 12 individuals affected by bilateral post-lingual and progressive hearing loss. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

deafness, autosomal dominant 59

Ichthyosis, congenital, autosomal recessive 9

Ichthyosis, congenital, autosomal recessive 7

polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (autosomal recessive)

The protein encoded by this gene is predicted to have a single transmembrane (TM)-spanning domain and multiple copies of an immunoglobulin-like plexin-transcription-factor domain. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Other alternatively spliced transcripts have been described, but the full length sequences have not been determined. Several of these transcripts are predicted to encode truncated products which lack the TM and may be secreted. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, also known as polycystic kidney and hepatic disease-1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myopia 2 (high grade, autosomal dominant)

myopia 3 (high grade, autosomal dominant)

myopia 4 (high grade, autosomal dominant)

myopia 5 (high grade, autosomal dominant)

deafness, autosomal recessive 13

deafness, autosomal recessive 17

deafness, autosomal recessive 14

hypodontia 2 (autosomal recessive)

oculocutaneous albinism 5 (autosomal recessive)

retinitis pigmentosa 63 (autosomal dominant)

deafness, autosomal recessive 96

corneal endothelial dystrophy 1 (autosomal dominant)

Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome 1

This gene encodes a nucleolar protein with a LIS1 homology domain. The protein is involved in ribosomal DNA gene transcription through its interaction with upstream binding factor (UBF). Mutations in this gene have been associated with Treacher Collins syndrome, a disorder which includes abnormal craniofacial development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

Craniosynostosis, anal anomalies, and porokeratosis syndrome

polled intersex syndrome regulated transcript 1 (non-protein coding RNA)

Frias syndrome

Mesomelia-synostoses syndrome

Renpenning syndrome 2

Chromosome 5p13 duplication syndrome

Usher syndrome 3B

Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 2

Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 3

Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 4

Mungan syndrome

Forsythe-Wakeling syndrome

Chromosome 15q26-qter deletion syndrome

Sjogren syndrome/scleroderma autoantigen 1

This antigen is recognized by a subset of anti-centromere antibodies from patients with scleroderma and/or Sjogren's syndrome. Subcellular localization has not yet been established. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

spastic paraplegia 20 (Troyer syndrome)

This gene encodes a protein containing a MIT (Microtubule Interacting and Trafficking molecule) domain, and is implicated in regulating endosomal trafficking and mitochondria function. The protein localizes to mitochondria and partially co-localizes with microtubules. Stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) results in protein translocation to the plasma membrane, and the protein functions in the degradation and intracellular trafficking of EGF receptor. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. Mutations associated with this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 20 (Troyer syndrome). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

Jacobsen syndrome

Waardenburg syndrome, type 2B

Waardenburg syndrome, type IIC

Abidi X-linked mental retardation syndrome

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1

This gene encodes a protein that contains four domains present in other developmental proteins: a PWWP domain, an HMG box, a SET domain, and a PHD-type zinc finger. It is expressed ubiquitously in early development. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. This gene maps to the 165 kb WHS critical region and has also been involved in the chromosomal translocation t(4;14)(p16.3;q32.3) in multiple myelomas. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Some transcript variants are nonsense-mediated mRNA (NMD) decay candidates, hence not represented as reference sequences. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Cohen syndrome QTL 1

Abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome QTL1

abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome QTL2

Down syndrome chromosome region

Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is the most frequent form of cognitive disability caused by a microscopically demonstrable chromosomal aberration. It is caused by a third copy (trisomy) of all or a critical portion of chromosome 21. Down syndrome is characterized by physical growth delays, dysmorphic facial features, heart and gastrointestinal disorders, and mild to moderate cognitive disability. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

Xp11.22 microduplication syndrome

Chromosome 15q11.2 deletion syndrome

Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 3

Chromosome 1q42-q44 deletion syndrome

Opitz G syndrome, type II

This disorder, variously named the G, Opitz-G, or BBB syndrome, includes hypertelorism or telecanthus; laryngotracheoesophageal cleft; clefts of lip, palate, and uvula; swallowing difficulty and hoarse cry; genitourinary defects, especially hypospadias in males and splayed labia majora in females; mental retardation; and congenital heart defects.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002]

Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia and elliptocytosis chromosomal region gene 1

The exact function of this gene is not known, however, submicroscopic deletion of the X chromosome including this gene, COL4A5, and FACL4 genes, result in a contiguous gene deletion syndrome, the AMME complex (Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia, and elliptocytosis). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

Tukel syndrome

pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome-related protein

Chromosome Xq26.3 duplication syndrome

wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homolog

alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, type 1

Nablus mask-like facial syndrome

Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, 220kb

Sertoli cell-only syndrome, Y-linked

Chromosome 19p13.13 deletion syndrome

3p- syndrome

Chromosome 4q32.1-q32.2 triplication syndrome

Chromosome 3q13.31 deletion syndrome

Chromosome 15q25 deletion syndrome

Sjogren syndrome antigen B (autoantigen La)

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in diverse aspects of RNA metabolism, including binding and protecting poly(U) termini of nascent RNA polymerase III transcripts from exonuclease digestion, processing 5' and 3' ends of pre-tRNA precursors, acting as an RNA chaperone, and binding viral RNAs associated with hepatitis C virus. Autoantibodies reacting with this protein are found in the sera of patients with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternative promoter usage results in two different transcript variants which encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

Chromosome Xp21 deletion syndrome

Chromosome 17q12 deletion syndrome

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type VIII

Sjoegren syndrome nuclear autoantigen 1 homolog

Down syndrome critical region 8

Down syndrome critical region 3

The region of chromosome 21 between genes CBR and ERG (CBR-ERG region), which spans 2.5 Mb on 21q22.2, has been defined by analysis of patients with partial trisomy 21. It contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of many characteristics of Down syndrome, including morphological features, hypotonia, and cognitive disability. The DSCR3 (Down syndrome critical region gene 3) gene is found in this region and is predictated to contain eight exons. DSCR3 is expressed in most tissues examined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Myelodysplasia and leukemia syndrome with monosomy 7

Alstrom syndrome protein 1

This gene encodes a protein containing a large tandem-repeat domain as well as additional low complexity regions. The encoded protein functions in microtubule organization, particularly in the formation and maintanance of cilia. Mutations in this gene cause Alstrom syndrome. There is a pseudogene for this gene located adjacent in the same region of chromosome 2. Alternative splice variants have been described but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

Myeloproliferative syndrome, transient (transient abnormal

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome chromosome region

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is a congenital malformation syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, developmental disability of variable degree, characteristic craniofacial features ('Greek warrior helmet' appearance of the nose, high forehead, prominent glabella, hypertelorism, high-arched eyebrows, protruding eyes, epicanthal folds, short philtrum, distinct mouth with downturned corners, and micrognathia), and a seizure disorder (Battaglia et al., 2008 [PubMed 18932224]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

Chromosome 2q23.1 deletion syndrome

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1

This gene is related to the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate-1 gene and encodes a protein with PWWP (proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline) domains. This protein methylates histone H3 at lysine residues 4 and 27, which represses gene transcription. Two alternatively spliced variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2015]

alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked

The protein encoded by this gene contains an ATPase/helicase domain, and thus it belongs to the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodeling proteins. This protein is found to undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear matrix and chromatin association, and suggests its involvement in the gene regulation at interphase and chromosomal segregation in mitosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked syndromes exhibiting cognitive disabilities as well as alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome. These mutations have been shown to cause diverse changes in the pattern of DNA methylation, which may provide a link between chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and gene expression in developmental processes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

Chromosome 16p11.2 duplication syndrome

Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome

Chromosome 8q21.11 deletion syndrome

Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2

Chromosome 3q29 microdeletion syndrome

Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia, and elliptocytosis

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 9 (non-protein coding)

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 2

Deletions of the 22q11.2 have been associated with a wide range of developmental defects (notably DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome and isolated conotruncal cardiac defects) classified under the acronym CATCH 22. The DGCR2 gene encodes a novel putative adhesion receptor protein, which could play a role in neural crest cells migration, a process which has been proposed to be altered in DiGeorge syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (non-protein coding)

Biomarker of Huntington's disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 7

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 6

DiGeorge syndrome, and more widely, the CATCH 22 syndrome, are associated with microdeletions in chromosomal region 22q11.2. The product of this gene shares homology with the Drosophila melanogaster gonadal protein, which participates in gonadal and germ cell development, and with the gamma-1 subunit of human laminin. This gene is a candidate for involvement in DiGeorge syndrome pathology and in schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome

Levy-Shanske syndrome

albinism-deafness syndrome

glaucoma-related pigment dispersion syndrome 1

Chromosome 2q32-q33 deletion syndrome

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 5

Predicted to be involved in glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 9 (non-protein coding)

Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-like

Rieger syndrome 2

Chromosome 1q41-q42 deletion syndrome

Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome

This gene encodes a highly conserved protein that plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. The encoded protein interacts with elongation factor-like GTPase 1 to disassociate eukaryotic initiation factor 6 from the late cytoplasmic pre-60S ribosomal subunit allowing assembly of the 80S subunit. Mutations within this gene are associated with the autosomal recessive disorder Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome. This gene has a closely linked pseudogene that is distally located. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome

oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe

This gene encodes an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase. This protein is involved in regulating membrane trafficking and is located in numerous subcellular locations including the trans-Golgi network, clathrin-coated vesicles and, endosomes and the plasma membrane. This protein may also play a role in primary cilium formation. Mutations in this gene cause oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe and also Dent disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Down syndrome critical region 3 pseudogene

polycystic ovary syndrome 1

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 2, pseudogene

Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies and mental retardation syndrome

Williams Beuren syndrome chromosome region 27

This gene encodes a protein belonging to ubiE/COQ5 methyltransferase family. The gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.22-q11.23. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 28

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Chromosome 17q23.1-q23.2 duplication syndrome

FG syndrome 2

FG syndrome 3

hydrolethalus syndrome 1

This gene encodes a protein localized to the cytoplasm. Mutations in this gene are associated with hydrolethalus syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

Ellis van Creveld syndrome 2

This gene encodes a protein that functions in bone formation and skeletal development. Mutations in this gene, as well as in a neighboring gene that lies in a head-to-head configuration, cause Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia that is also known as chondroectodermal dysplasia. Mutations in this gene also cause acrofacial dysostosis Weyers type, also referred to as Curry-Hall syndrome, a disease that combines limb and facial abnormalities. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

Asymmetric crying facies (Cayler cardiofacial syndrome)

Chromosome 6q25-q25 deletion syndrome

myasthenic (Lambert-Eaton) syndrome antigen A

Immunoneurologic syndrome X-linked, of Wood, Black, and Norbury

Chromosome 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome

acrocallosal syndrome

Usher syndrome 1C binding protein 1

Enables PDZ domain binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Sjogren syndrome antigen B pseudogene

Temple syndrome

Goldenhar syndrome

Kondoh syndrome

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2 pseudogene 3

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2 pseudogene 2

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2 pseudogene 1

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2 pseudogene 5

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2 pseudogene 4

Nance-Horan syndrome (congenital cataracts and dental anomalies)

This gene encodes a protein containing four conserved nuclear localization signals. The encoded protein functions in eye, tooth, craniofacial and brain development, and it can regulate actin remodeling and cell morphology. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause Nance-Horan syndrome, and also X-linked cataract-40. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1

This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of the adenosine deaminase protein family. The encoded protein is one of two adenosine deaminases found in humans, which regulate levels of the signaling molecule, adenosine. The encoded protein is secreted from monocytes undergoing differentiation and may regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. This gene may be responsible for some of the phenotypic features associated with cat eye syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 2

This gene encodes a bromodomain-containing protein that is involved in chromatin remodeling, and may additionally play a role in DNA damage response. The encoded protein functions as part of an ATP-dependent complex that is involved in neurulation. This gene is a candidate gene for Cat Eye Syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 3 (non-protein coding)

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 6

Chromosome Xq28 microdeletion syndrome

Alopecia-mental retardation syndrome 3

Alopecia with mental retardation syndrome 2

Alopecia-mental retardation syndrome

Cohen syndrome QTL 2

Chromosome 2q31.1 duplication syndrome

McKusick-Kaufman syndrome

This gene encodes a protein which shares sequence similarity with other members of the type II chaperonin family. The encoded protein is a centrosome-shuttling protein and plays an important role in cytokinesis. This protein also interacts with other type II chaperonin members to form a complex known as the BBSome, which involves ciliary membrane biogenesis. This protein is encoded by a downstream open reading frame (dORF). Several upstream open reading frames (uORFs) have been identified, which repress the translation of the dORF, and two of which can encode small mitochondrial membrane proteins. Mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 6, also known as McKusick-Kaufman syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2023]

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, distal

Chromosome 13q14 deletion syndrome

Chromosome 16p13.3 duplication syndrome

Chromosome 6pter deletion syndrome

Werner syndrome, RecQ helicase-like

This gene encodes a member of the RecQ subfamily of DNA helicase proteins. The encoded nuclear protein is important in the maintenance of genome stability and plays a role in DNA repair, replication, transcription and telomere maintenance. This protein contains a N-terminal 3' to 5' exonuclease domain, an ATP-dependent helicase domain and RQC (RecQ helicase conserved region) domain in its central region, and a C-terminal HRDC (helicase RNase D C-terminal) domain and nuclear localization signal. Defects in this gene are the cause of Werner syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by accelerated aging and an elevated risk for certain cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Chromosome Xq28 duplication syndrome

Chromosome 2p12-p11.2 deletion syndrome

Ariculocondylar syndrome

Meckel syndrome, type 1

The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the basal body and is required for formation of the primary cilium in ciliated epithelial cells. Mutations in this gene result in Meckel syndrome type 1 and in Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 13. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

DiGeorge syndrome chromosome region

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) comprises hypocalcemia arising from parathyroid hypoplasia, thymic hypoplasia, and outflow tract defects of the heart. Disturbance of cervical neural crest migration into the derivatives of the pharyngeal arches and pouches can account for the phenotype. Most cases result from a deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 (the DiGeorge syndrome chromosome region, or DGCR). Several genes are lost including the putative transcription factor TUPLE1 which is expressed in the appropriate distribution. This deletion may present with a variety of phenotypes: Shprintzen, or velocardiofacial, syndrome (VCFS; MIM 192430); conotruncal anomaly face (or Takao syndrome); and isolated outflow tract defects of the heart including tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and interrupted aortic arch. A collective acronym CATCH22 has been proposed for these differing presentations. A small number of cases of DGS have defects in other chromosomes, notably 10p13 (see MIM 601362). In the mouse, a transgenic Hox A3 (Hox 1.5) knockout produces a phenotype similar to DGS as do the teratogens retinoic acid and alcohol.[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009]

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1 pseudogene

Angelman syndrome chromosome region

Angelman syndrome (AS) is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, movement or balance disorders, seizures, and limitations in speech and language development. Most cases of AS are caused by deletion in the 15q11-q13 region of the maternal chromosome. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a clinically distinct disorder resulting from paternal deletion of the 15q11-q13 region. Clinical features similar to AS are also shown in chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

Chromosome 2q31.2 deletion syndrome

Rajab syndrome

Chromosome 16p12.2-p11.2 deletion syndrome

Mammary-digital-nail syndrome

Chromosome 2p16.1-p15 deletion syndrome

Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 17

This gene encodes an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. This gene is located centromeric to the common deleted region in Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. This protein may play a role in membrane trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

Chromosome 6q11-q14 deletion syndrome

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) family of proteins share similar domain structure, and are involved in transduction of signals from receptors on the cell surface to the actin cytoskeleton. The presence of a number of different motifs suggests that they are regulated by a number of different stimuli, and interact with multiple proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated that these proteins, directly or indirectly, associate with the small GTPase, Cdc42, known to regulate formation of actin filaments, and the cytoskeletal organizing complex, Arp2/3. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare, inherited, X-linked, recessive disease characterized by immune dysregulation and microthrombocytopenia, and is caused by mutations in the WAS gene. The WAS gene product is a cytoplasmic protein, expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells, which show signalling and cytoskeletal abnormalities in WAS patients. A transcript variant arising as a result of alternative promoter usage, and containing a different 5' UTR sequence, has been described, however, its full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mental retardation, epileptic seizures, hypogonadism and -genitalism, microcephaly and obesity syndrome

Armfield X-linked mental retardation syndrome

Lubs X-linked mental retardation syndrome

Roifman syndrome

Chromosome 22q11.2 microduplication syndrome

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule

This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (Ig-CAMs), and is involved in human central and peripheral nervous system development. This gene is a candidate for Down syndrome and congenital heart disease (DSCHD). A gene encoding a similar Ig-CAM protein is located on chromosome 11. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

Catel-Manzke syndrome

ichthyosis congenita IV, ichthyosis-prematurity syndrome

Larsen-like syndrome

Chromosome 7q11.23 duplication syndrome

Brooks-Wisniewski-Brown syndrome

Moebius syndrome 1

Moebius syndrome 2

Moebius syndrome 3

thoracoabdominal syndrome

Chromosome 16p13.3 deletion syndrome

Down syndrome critical region 9 (non-protein coding)

Down syndrome critical region 4

The gene is found in a region of chromosome 21 that has been linked to the pathogenesis of Down syndrome. This gene is transcribed from a bi-directional promoter located in an endogenous retrovirus. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

Chromosome 17q23.1-q23.2 deletion syndrome

Aicardi syndrome

Chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome

Chromosome Xq27.3-q28 duplication syndrome

Chromosome 14q11-q22 deletion syndrome

Miles-Carpenter X-linked mental retardation syndrome

scapuloperoneal syndrome, myopathic type

Chromosome 17p13.3 duplication syndrome

Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 8

Enables GTPase activator activity; protein kinase binding activity; and protein kinase inhibitor activity. Contributes to guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Involved in negative regulation of gene expression; regulation of TOR signaling; and regulation of macroautophagy. Located in Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex; chromatin; and nucleoplasm. Part of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 2 (non-protein coding)

Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 5 (non-protein coding)

Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 6 (non-protein coding)

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 7 (non-protein coding)

cylindromatosis (turban tumor syndrome)

This gene is encodes a cytoplasmic protein with three cytoskeletal-associated protein-glycine-conserved (CAP-GLY) domains that functions as a deubiquitinating enzyme. Mutations in this gene have been associated with cylindromatosis, multiple familial trichoepithelioma, and Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome

WAGRO syndrome

oral-facial-digital syndrome 1

This gene is located on the X chromosome and encodes a centrosomal protein. A knockout mouse model has been used to study the effect of mutations in this gene. The mouse gene is also located on the X chromosome, however, unlike the human gene it is not subject to X inactivation. Mutations in this gene are associated with oral-facial-digital syndrome type I and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 2. Many pseudogenes have been identified; a single pseudogene is found on chromosome 5 while as many as fifteen have been found on the Y chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

Ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly syndrome 2

Chromosome Xp11.3 deletion syndrome

Martin-Probst deafness-mental retardation syndrome

microcephaly with spastic diplegia (Paine syndrome)

Prieto X-linked mental retardation syndrome

Chromosome 17q12 duplication syndrome

Alstrom syndrome 1 pseudogene

Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome pseudogene 1

Acropectorovertebral dysplasia (F syndrome)

Acropectoral syndrome

Pierre Robin syndrome

Zimmerman-Laband Syndrome

Cerebral-cerebellar-coloboma syndrome, X-linked

Williams Beuren syndrome chromosome region 22

This gene encodes a protein containing a nuclear localization signal and an S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding motif typical of methyltransferases, suggesting that the encoded protein may act on DNA methylation. This gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

Wolfram syndrome 1 (wolframin)

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein, which is located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum and ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in brain, pancreas, heart, and insulinoma beta-cell lines. Mutations in this gene are associated with Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness), an autosomal recessive disorder. The disease affects the brain and central nervous system. Mutations in this gene can also cause autosomal dominant deafness 6 (DFNA6), also known as DFNA14 or DFNA38. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

chromosome 3q29 microduplication syndrome

Chromosome Xp11.23-p11.22 duplication syndrome

Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 1

Chromosome 18p deletion syndrome

Chromosome 18q deletion syndrome

Fanconi renotubular syndrome

Potocki-Lupski syndrome

cat eye syndrome chromosome region

Cat eye syndrome (CES) is characterized clinically by the combination of coloboma of the iris and anal atresia with fistula, downslanting palpebral fissures, preauricular tags and/or pits, frequent occurrence of heart and renal malformations, and normal or near-normal mental development. A small supernumerary chromosome (smaller than chromosome 21) is present, frequently has 2 centromeres, is bisatellited, and represents an inv dup(22)(q11).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009]

FG syndrome 5

imprinted in Prader-Willi syndrome (non-protein coding)

This gene is non-protein coding, is expressed exclusively from the paternal allele, and may play a role in the imprinting process. Mutations in this gene are associated with Prader-Willi syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

Emanuel syndrome

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 11 (non-protein coding)

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 10 (non-protein coding)

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 12 (non-protein coding)

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 14

This gene is located within the minimal DGS critical region (MDGCR) thought to contain the gene(s) responsible for a group of developmental disorders. These disorders include DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome, and some familial or sporadic conotruncal cardiac defects which have been associated with microdeletion of 22q11.2. The encoded protein may be a component of C complex spliceosomes, and the orthologous protein in the mouse localizes to the nucleus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

Down syndrome critical region 10 (non-protein coding)

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Chromosome 15q24 deletion syndrome

Roifman-Chitayat syndrome

Chromosome 16q22 deletion syndrome

trichorhinophalangeal syndrome I

This gene encodes a transcription factor that represses GATA-regulated genes and binds to a dynein light chain protein. Binding of the encoded protein to the dynein light chain protein affects binding to GATA consensus sequences and suppresses its transcriptional activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) types I-III. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Chromosome 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome

dandy-walker syndrome

Chromosome 1q21.1 duplication syndrome

Williams-Beuren syndrome type 2

Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 2

Li-Fraumeni syndrome 3

asphixiating thoracic dystrophy (chondroectodermal dysplasia-like syndrome)

Russell Silver syndrome

Seckel syndrome 3

Waisman syndrome

Supernumerary der(22)t(8-22) syndrome

Gustavson mental retardation syndrome (with microcephaly, optic

Restless legs syndrome 3

Restless legs syndrome 2

Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to

Restless legs syndrome 7

Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 6

Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 5

Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 8

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-like

This gene encodes a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) protein family. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins share similar domain structure, and associate with a variety of signaling molecules to alter the actin cytoskeleton. The encoded protein is highly expressed in neural tissues, and interacts with several proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization, including cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) and the actin-related protein-2/3 (ARP2/3) complex. The encoded protein may be involved in the formation of long actin microspikes, and in neurite extension. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9

This gene is downregulated by parathyroid hormone in osteoblastic cells, and therefore is thought to be involved in parathyroid hormone action in bones. The exact function of this gene has not yet been determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1

Mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with the major form (type 1) of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The encoded protein may play a role in eye, limb, cardiac and reproductive system development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2

This gene is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene family. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe pigmentary retinopathy, obesity, polydactyly, renal malformation and cognitive disability. The proteins encoded by BBS gene family members are structurally diverse and the similar phenotypes exhibited by mutations in BBS gene family members is likely due to their shared roles in cilia formation and function. Many BBS proteins localize to the basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, and pericentriolar regions of cells. BBS proteins may also be involved in intracellular trafficking via microtubule-related transport. The protein encoded by this gene forms a multiprotein BBSome complex with seven other BBS proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5

This gene encodes a protein that has been directly linked to Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The primary features of this syndrome include retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, renal abnormalities and learning disabilities. Experimentation in non-human eukaryotes suggests that this gene is expressed in ciliated cells and that it is required for the formation of cilia. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been observed but have not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4

This gene is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene family. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe pigmentary retinopathy, obesity, polydactyly, renal malformation and cognitive disability. The proteins encoded by BBS gene family members are structurally diverse. The similar phenotypes exhibited by mutations in BBS gene family members are likely due to the protein's shared roles in cilia formation and function. Many BBS proteins localize to the basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, and pericentriolar regions of cells. BBS proteins may also be involved in intracellular trafficking via microtubule-related transport. The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity to O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferases in plants and archaebacteria and in human forms a multi-protein `BBSome` complex with seven other BBS proteins. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7

This gene encodes one of eight proteins that form the BBSome complex containing BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, BBS8, BBS9 and BBIP10. The BBSome complex is believed to recruit Rab8(GTP) to the primary cilium and promote ciliogenesis. The BBSome complex assembly is mediated by a complex composed of three chaperonin-like BBS proteins (BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12) and CCT/TRiC family chaperonins. Mutations in this gene are implicated in Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a genetic disorder whose symptoms include obesity, retinal degeneration, polydactyly and nephropathy; however, mutations in this gene and the BBS8 gene are thought to play a minor role and mutations in chaperonin-like BBS genes are found to be a major contributor to disease development in a multiethnic Bardet-Biedl syndrome patient population. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2

This gene encodes a possible magnesium transporter. This gene is located adjacent to the imprinted domain in the Prader-Willi syndrome deletion region of chromosome 15. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 3, 7 and 21.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 1

This gene encodes a magnesium transporter that associates with early endosomes and the cell surface in a variety of neuronal and epithelial cells. This protein may play a role in nervous system development and maintenance. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 6. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1 pseudogene

antiphospholipid syndrome, familial

Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome

Duane retraction syndrome 1

Van der Woude syndrome modifier

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ig superfamily of cell adhesion molecules and is involved in neuronal differentiation. The encoded membrane-bound protein localizes to the cell surface, where it forms aggregates that repel neuronal processes of the same cell type. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

Sjogren syndrome antigen B (autoantigen La) pseudogene

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1 (non-protein coding)

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Microdeletion 17q21.31 syndrome

Noonan syndrome 2

Restless legs syndrome 4

Chromosome 7q11.23 deletion syndrome, distal, 1.2Mb

Adams-Oliver syndrome

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 10

This gene is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene family. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive retinal degeneration, obesity, polydactyly, renal malformation and cognitive disability. The proteins encoded by BBS gene family members are structurally diverse and the similar phenotypes exhibited by mutations in BBS gene family members is likely due to their shared roles in cilia formation and function. Many BBS proteins localize to the basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, and pericentriolar regions of cells. BBS proteins may also be involved in intracellular trafficking via microtubule-related transport. The protein encoded by this gene is likely not a ciliary protein but rather has distant sequence homology to type II chaperonins. As a molecular chaperone, this protein may affect the folding or stability of other ciliary or basal body proteins. Inhibition of this protein's expression impairs ciliogenesis in preadipocytes. Mutations in this gene cause Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 12

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex that is involved in membrane trafficking. The encoded protein is a molecular chaperone that aids in protein folding upon ATP hydrolysis. This protein also plays a role in adipocyte differentiation. Defects in this gene are a cause of Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 12. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

craniofacioskeletal syndrome

Sjogren syndrome nuclear autoantigen 1

Enables identical protein binding activity and microtubule binding activity. Involved in axonogenesis; cell division; and microtubule nucleation. Located in several cellular components, including axoneme; microtubule organizing center; and midbody. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Chromosome 17q21.31 duplication syndrome

Branchiootic syndrome 2

Chromosome 19q13.11 deletion syndrome

Sjogren syndrome antigen B (autoantigen La) pseudogene

Chromosome 10q deletion syndrome

Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 16

This gene encodes a protein containing regulator of chromosome condensation 1-like repeats. The encoded protein may function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 7 that is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

Otodental dysplasia chromosome deletion syndrome

chromosome 17q11.2 deletion syndrome

Leri pleonosteosis chromosome duplication syndrome

ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate syndrome 2

ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate syndrome 1

Chromosome 4q21 deletion syndrome

Chromosome 22q13 duplication syndrome

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 6-like

This gene, the result of a duplication at this locus, is one of two functional genes encoding nearly identical proteins that have similar expression patterns. The product of this gene is a protein that shares homology with the Drosophila gonadal protein, expressed in gonadal tissues and germ cells, and with the human laminin gamma-1 chain that functions in cell attachment and migration. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 22 implicated in the DiGeorge syndrome, one facet of a broader collection of anomalies referred to as the CATCH 22 syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Bloom syndrome, RecQ helicase-like

The Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth deficiency, microcephaly and immunodeficiency among others. It is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding DNA helicase RecQ protein on chromosome 15q26. This Bloom-associated helicase unwinds a variety of DNA substrates including Holliday junction, and is involved in several pathways contributing to the maintenance of genome stability. Identification of pathogenic Bloom variants is required for heterozygote testing in at-risk families. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

Wittwer syndrome

Chromosome 17p13.1 deletion syndrome

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome

Chromosome 11p15-p14 deletion syndrome

Chromosome 1q21.1 deletion syndrome

Bor-Duane hydrocephalus contiguous gene syndrome

Senior-Loken syndrome 3

Bazex syndrome

armadillo repeat gene deleted in velocardiofacial syndrome

Armadillo Repeat gene deleted in Velo-Cardio-Facial syndrome (ARVCF) is a member of the catenin family. This family plays an important role in the formation of adherens junction complexes, which are thought to facilitate communication between the inside and outside environments of a cell. The ARVCF gene was isolated in the search for the genetic defect responsible for the autosomal dominant Velo-Cardio-Facial syndrome (VCFS), a relatively common human disorder with phenotypic features including cleft palate, conotruncal heart defects and facial dysmorphology. The ARVCF gene encodes a protein containing two motifs, a coiled coil domain in the N-terminus and a 10 armadillo repeat sequence in the midregion. Since these sequences can facilitate protein-protein interactions ARVCF is thought to function in a protein complex. In addition, ARVCF contains a predicted nuclear-targeting sequence suggesting that it may have a function as a nuclear protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5

This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. This protein interacts with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6 protein and may interact with the cytoplasmic domain of integrin, alpha-3. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 5. Multiple transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 4

This gene encodes a protein component of biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complexes (BLOC). BLOC complexes are important for the formation of endosomal-lysosomal organelles such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Mutations in this gene result in subtype 4 of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a form of albinism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6

This intronless gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. This protein interacts with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5 protein. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1

This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. The encoded protein is a component of three different protein complexes termed biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex (BLOC)-3, BLOC4, and BLOC5. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene related to this gene is located on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 3

This gene encodes a protein containing a potential clathrin-binding motif, consensus dileucine signals, and tyrosine-based sorting signals for targeting to vesicles of lysosomal lineage. The encoded protein may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 3. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

lymphedema-cholestasis syndrome 1