Harmonizome 3.0

FGF-2 activity-associated protein 2

FGF-2 activity-associated protein 3

gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1 pseudogene

This pseudogene is similar to the human gene encoding gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1, an enzyme which hydrolyzes the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione and converts leukotriene C4 to leukotriene D4. This pseudogene lies in the immunoglobulin lambda gene cluster on chromosome 22q11.21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)

Enables ATP binding activity and RNA helicase activity. Involved in DNA damage response; RNA catabolic process; and maturation of 5.8S rRNA. Located in nuclear exosome (RNase complex) and nucleoplasm. Part of TRAMP complex and catalytic step 2 spliceosome. Biomarker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox

Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a neuroprotective factor that has a stimulatory effect on the growth of some tumor cells and an inhibitory effect on others. This gene encodes a protein that is upregulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide and may be involved in its stimulatory effect on certain tumor cells. The encoded protein contains one homeobox and nine zinc finger domains, suggesting that it functions as a transcription factor. This gene is also upregulated in normal proliferative tissues. Finally, the encoded protein may increase the viability of certain cell types through modulation of p53 activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

melanoma inhibitory activity family, member 3

Enables cargo receptor activity. Involved in several processes, including COPII-coated vesicle cargo loading; cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis; and regulation of leukocyte migration. Located in endoplasmic reticulum exit site and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2 pseudogene 2

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2 pseudogene 1

receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. RAMPs are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of this (RAMP1) protein, CRLR functions as a CGRP receptor. The RAMP1 protein is involved in the terminal glycosylation, maturation, and presentation of the CGRP receptor to the cell surface. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. RAMPs are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of this (RAMP3) protein, CRLR functions as an adrenomedullin receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. RAMPs are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of this (RAMP2) protein, CRLR functions as an adrenomedullin receptor. The RAMP2 protein is involved in core glycosylation and transportation of adrenomedullin receptor to the cell surface. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like (S. cerevisiae)

DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which is a human homologue of yeast SKI2 and may be involved in antiviral activity by blocking translation of poly(A) deficient mRNAs. This gene is located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide, olfactory type

This gene encodes a stimulatory G protein alpha subunit which mediates odorant signaling in the olfactory epithelium. This protein couples dopamine type 1 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors and is widely expressed in the central nervous system. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dystonia 25 and this gene is located in a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]

caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1

Involved in negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide O

The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit of the Go heterotrimeric G-protein signal-transducing complex. Defects in this gene are a cause of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 1

Transducin is a 3-subunit guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) which stimulates the coupling of rhodopsin and cGMP-phoshodiesterase during visual impulses. The transducin alpha subunits in rods and cones are encoded by separate genes. This gene encodes the alpha subunit in rods. This gene is also expressed in other cells, and has been implicated in bitter taste transduction in rat taste cells. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant congenital stationary night blindness. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 2

Transducin is a 3-subunit guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) which stimulates the coupling of rhodopsin and cGMP-phoshodiesterase during visual impulses. The transducin alpha subunits in rods and cones are encoded by separate genes. This gene encodes the alpha subunit in cones. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

melanoma inhibitory activity 2

This gene encodes s receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, which plays a role in the export of large pre-chylomicrons and pre-very low density lipoproteins (pre-VLDLs). Three major classes of transcripts are generated from this gene- melanoma inhibitory activity 2-specific transcripts, cTAGE family member 5-specific transcripts and transcripts that include exons from both these transcript species (TANGO1-like or TALI). Additionally, alternative splicing in these transcripts results in multiple transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating ong>activity,ong> alpha)

This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The encoded protein is a secreted growth factor that signals through the G-protein coupled receptor, CXC receptor 2. This protein plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. Aberrant expression of this protein is associated with the growth and progression of certain tumors. A naturally occurring processed form of this protein has increased chemotactic activity. Alternate splicing results in coding and non-coding variants of this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2

The protein encoded by this gene is an alpha subunit of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins). The encoded protein contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and is involved in the hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 3

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling pathways. G proteins are composed of 3 units: alpha, beta and gamma. This gene encodes an alpha subunit and belongs to the G-alpha family. Mutation in this gene, resulting in a gly40-to-arg substitution, is associated with auriculocondylar syndrome, and shown to affect downstream targets in the G protein-coupled endothelin receptor pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 1

Guanine nucleotide binding proteins are heterotrimeric signal-transducing molecules consisting of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The alpha subunit binds guanine nucleotide, can hydrolyze GTP, and can interact with other proteins. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit of an inhibitory complex. The encoded protein is part of a complex that responds to beta-adrenergic signals by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

melanoma inhibitory activity

Predicted to enable growth factor activity. Predicted to be involved in extracellular matrix organization. Predicted to act upstream of or within cell-matrix adhesion. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein

Enables mRNA binding activity and structural molecule activity. Involved in cell migration; cytoskeleton organization; and regulation of cell morphogenesis. Located in cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Part of virus-like capsid. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 2

Phototransduction in rod and cone photoreceptors is regulated by groups of signaling proteins. The encoded protein is thought to play a crucial role in cone phototransduction. It belongs to the G protein gamma family and localized specifically in cones. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 1

This gene encodes the gamma subunit of transducin, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) that is found in rod outer segments. Transducin, also known as GMPase, mediates the activation of a cyclic GTP-specific (guanosine monophosphate) phosphodiesterase by rhodopsin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A-like 4G

Predicted to enable cyclosporin A binding activity and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity. Predicted to be involved in protein folding. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial protein with two putative domains, an N-terminal mitochondrial localization sequence, and a UPF0099 domain. In vitro assays suggest that this protein possesses peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase ong>activity,ong> to release the peptidyl moiety from tRNA, thereby preventing the accumulation of dissociated peptidyl-tRNA that could reduce the efficiency of translation. This protein also plays a role regulating cell survival and death. It promotes survival as part of an integrin-signaling pathway for cells attached to the extracellular matrix (ECM), but also promotes apoptosis in cells that have lost their attachment to the ECM, a process called anoikos. After loss of cell attachment to the ECM, this protein is phosphorylated, is released from the mitochondria into the cytosol, and promotes caspase-independent apoptosis through interactions with transcriptional regulators. This gene has been implicated in the development and progression of tumors, and mutations in this gene have been associated with an infantile multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease (INMEPD) characterized by intellectual disability, postnatal microcephaly, progressive cerebellar atrophy, hearing impairment, polyneuropathy, failure to thrive, and organ fibrosis with exocrine pancreas insufficiency (PMID: 25574476). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015]

peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Enables aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolase activity. Involved in rescue of stalled ribosome. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A-like

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl arginine deiminase, type I

This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. The type I enzyme is involved in the late stages of epidermal differentiation, where it deiminates filaggrin and keratin K1, which maintains hydration of the stratum corneum, and hence the cutaneous barrier function. This enzyme may also play a role in hair follicle formation. This gene exists in a cluster with four other paralogous genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

peptidyl arginine deiminase, type III

This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. The type III enzyme modulates hair structural proteins, such as filaggrin in the hair follicle and trichohyalin in the inner root sheath, during hair follicle formation. Together with the type I enzyme, this enzyme may also play a role in terminal differentiation of the epidermis. This gene exists in a cluster with four other paralogous genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

peptidyl arginine deiminase, type II

This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. The type II enzyme is the most widely expressed family member. Known substrates for this enzyme include myelin basic protein in the central nervous system and vimentin in skeletal muscle and macrophages. This enzyme is thought to play a role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative human disorders, including Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis, and it has also been implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis. This gene exists in a cluster with four other paralogous genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

peptidyl arginine deiminase, type IV

This gene is a member of a gene family which encodes enzymes responsible for the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline residues. This gene may play a role in granulocyte and macrophage development leading to inflammation and immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

peptidyl arginine deiminase, type VI

This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. The family members have distinct substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns. This protein may play a role in cytoskeletal reorganization in the egg and in early embryo development. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP4 pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 3, pseudogene

Predicted to be located in acrosomal vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase domain containing 1

This gene encodes the enzyme peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase. Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolases perform the essential function of recycling peptidyl-tRNAs. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal-recessive intellectual disability and parkinsonism. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A pseudogene

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 4, core 2

Predicted to enable acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in O-glycan processing and carbohydrate metabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including inter-male aggressive behavior; neutrophil homeostasis; and thyroid hormone metabolic process. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase family member 7

Predicted to enable acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in protein glycosylation. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 6

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2

This gene is a member of the beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase gene family. It is essential to the formation of Gal beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc structures and the core 2 O-glycan branch. The gene coding this enzyme was originally mapped to 9q21, but was later localized to 9q13. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 3, mucin type

This gene encodes a member of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family. The encoded protein is a beta-6-N-acetylglucosamine-transferase that catalyzes the formation of core 2 and core 4 O-glycans on mucin-type glycoproteins.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, I-branching enzyme (I blood group)

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for formation of the blood group I antigen. The i and I antigens are distinguished by linear and branched poly-N-acetyllactosaminoglycans, respectively. The encoded protein is the I-branching enzyme, a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase responsible for the conversion of fetal i antigen to adult I antigen in erythrocytes during embryonic development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with adult i blood group phenotype. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. There are two ACC forms, alpha and beta, encoded by two different genes. ACC-alpha is highly enriched in lipogenic tissues. The enzyme is under long term control at the transcriptional and translational levels and under short term regulation by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of targeted serine residues and by allosteric transformation by citrate or palmitoyl-CoA. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants divergent in the 5' sequence and encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. ACC-beta is thought to control fatty acid oxidation by means of the ability of malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase I, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid uptake and oxidation by mitochondria. ACC-beta may be involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, rather than fatty acid biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2022]

glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase

The product of this gene is a lysosomal enzyme found in all cells. It is involved in the catabolism of heparin, heparan sulphate, and keratan sulphate. Deficiency of this enzyme results in the accumulation of undegraded substrate and the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (Sanfilippo D syndrome). Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID is the least common of the four subtypes of Sanfilippo syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase

The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that initiates and regulates the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), a precursor of sialic acids. It is a rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. Sialic acid modification of cell surface molecules is crucial for their function in many biologic processes, including cell adhesion and signal transduction. Differential sialylation of cell surface molecules is also implicated in the tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of malignant cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with sialuria, autosomal recessive inclusion body myopathy, and Nonaka myopathy. Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 4

Enables acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity. Predicted to be located in Golgi cisterna membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 1

GM2 and GD2 gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. GalNAc-T is the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of G(M2) and G(D2) glycosphingolipids. GalNAc-T catalyzes the transfer of GalNAc into G(M3) and G(D3) by a beta-1,4 linkage, resulting in the synthesis of G(M2) and G(D2), respectively. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013]

beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2

B4GALNT2 catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the human Sd(a) antigen through the addition of an N-acetylgalactosamine residue via a beta-1,4 linkage to a subterminal galactose residue substituted with an alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid. B4GALNT2 also catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the Cad antigen (Montiel et al., 2003 [PubMed 12678917]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 3

B4GALNT3 transfers N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) onto glucosyl residues to form N,N-prime-diacetyllactosediamine (LacdiNAc, or LDN), a unique terminal structure of cell surface N-glycans (Ikehara et al., 2006 [PubMed 16728562]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008]

galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase

This gene encodes N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase which is a lysosomal exohydrolase required for the degradation of the glycosaminoglycans, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Sequence alterations including point, missense and nonsense mutations, as well as those that affect splicing, result in a deficiency of this enzyme. Deficiencies of this enzyme lead to Morquio A syndrome, a lysosomal storage disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4 pseudogene 1

acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 pseudogene

spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase-like 1

Predicted to enable diamine ong>N-acetyltransferaseong> activity and spermidine binding activity. Predicted to be involved in spermidine acetylation. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2

The encoded protein catalyzes the last step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation spiral. Unlike most mitochondrial matrix proteins, it contains a non-cleavable amino-terminal targeting signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1

This gene encodes an enzyme operative in the beta-oxidation system of the peroxisomes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to pseudo-Zellweger syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mannosyl (alpha-1,6-)-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase, isozyme B

Enables alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity and manganese ion binding activity. Involved in protein O-linked glycosylation via serine. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. Predicted to be active in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mannosyl (alpha-1,6-)-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glycosyltransferase family. It catalyzes the addition of beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine to the alpha-linked mannose of biantennary N-linked oligosaccharides present on the newly synthesized glycoproteins. It is one of the most important enzymes involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of glycoprotein oligosaccharides. Alterations of the oligosaccharides on cell surface glycoproteins cause significant changes in the adhesive or migratory behavior of a cell. Increase in the activity of this enzyme has been correlated with the progression of invasive malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 pseudogene 3

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 6

This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 29 protein family. Members of this protein family synthesize sialylglycoconjugates. Sialylation may contribute to multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that may be present in the Golgi apparatus. The encoded protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, may be involved in the synthesis of gangliosides GD1c, GT1a, GQ1b, and GT3 from GD1a, GT1b, GM1b, and GD3, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 4

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the polycondensation of alpha-2,8-linked sialic acid required for the synthesis of polysialic acid, a modulator of the adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1). The encoded protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, is a type II membrane protein that may be present in the Golgi apparatus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that is thought to catalyze the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to N-linked oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. The encoded protein may be found in the Golgi apparatus and may be involved in the production of polysialic acid, a modulator of the adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1). This protein is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1

Gangliosides are membrane-bound glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid. Ganglioside GD3 is known to be important for cell adhesion and growth of cultured malignant cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to GM3 to produce gangliosides GD3 and GT3. The encoded protein may be found in the Golgi apparatus and is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 pseudogene 1

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 pseudogene 4

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 pseudogene 5

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 pseudogene 2

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1, core 2 pseudogene 1

solute carrier family 33 (acetyl-CoA transporter), member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is required for the formation of O-acetylated (Ac) gangliosides. The encoded protein is predicted to contain 6 to 10 transmembrane domains, and a leucine zipper motif in transmembrane domain III. Defects in this gene have been reported to cause spastic paraplegia autosomal dominant type 42 (SPG42) in one Chinese family, but not in similar patients of European descent. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 3

Enables alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including ganglioside biosynthetic process; glycoprotein metabolic process; and sialylation. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

chitobiase, di-N-acetyl-

Chitobiase is a lysosomal glycosidase involved in degradation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on glycoproteins (Aronson and Kuranda, 1989 [PubMed 2531691]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6

ST6GALNAC6 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that modify proteins and ceramides on the cell surface to alter cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions (Tsuchida et al., 2003 [PubMed 12668675]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, I-branching enzyme (I blood group) pseudogene

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a Golgi type II transmembrane glycosyltransferase. The encoded protein catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid to cell surface proteins to modulate cell-cell interactions. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The encoded protein prefers glycoproteins rather than glycolipids as substrates and shows restricted substrate specificity, utilizing only the trisaccharide sequence Neu5Ac-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc. In addition, it is involved in the synthesis of ganglioside GD1A from GM1B. The encoded protein is normally found in the Golgi apparatus but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. This protein is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Readthrough transcripts exist for this gene and the downstream ST6GALNAC6 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2022]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 3

ST6GALNAC3 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that transfer sialic acids from CMP-sialic acid to terminal positions of carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins and glycolipids (Lee et al., 1999 [PubMed 10207017]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2

ST6GALNAC2 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that add sialic acids to the nonreducing ends of glycoconjugates. At the cell surface, these modifications have roles in cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, bacterial adhesion, and protein targeting (Samyn-Petit et al., 2000 [PubMed 10742600]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1

Glycosylation of proteins affects cell-cell interaction, interactions with the matrix, and the functions of intracellular molecules. ST6GALNAC1 transfers a sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), in an alpha-2,6 linkage to O-linked GalNAc residues. The cancer-associated sialyl-Tn (sTn) antigen is formed by ST6GALNAC1-catalyzed sialylation of GalNAc residues on mucins (Ikehara et al., 1999 [PubMed 10536037]; Sewell et al., 2006 [PubMed 16319059]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 3 pseudogene 2

2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1

This gene was identified on the basis of its stimulation by c-Myc protein. The latter is a transcription factor that participates in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The exact function of this gene is not known but studies in rat suggest a role in cellular proliferation and c-Myc-mediated transformation. Two alternative transcripts encoding different proteins have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 39

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 38

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 31

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 30

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 33

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 32

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 35

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 34

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 37

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 36

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

ALG5, dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase

This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 2 family. The encoded protein participates in glucosylation of the oligomannose core in N-linked glycosylation of proteins. The addition of glucose residues to the oligomannose core is necessary to ensure substrate recognition, and therefore, effectual transfer of the oligomannose core to the nascent glycoproteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase pseudogene 2

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase pseudogene 3

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase pseudogene 1

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase pseudogene 6

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase pseudogene 4

hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose 1-dehydrogenase)

There are 2 forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. G form is X-linked and H form, encoded by this gene, is autosomally linked. This H form shows activity with other hexose-6-phosphates, especially galactose-6-phosphate, whereas the G form is specific for glucose-6-phosphate. Both forms are present in most tissues, but H form is not found in red cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

alkylglycerone phosphate synthase

This gene is a member of the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. It encodes a protein that catalyzes the second step of ether lipid biosynthesis in which acyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) is converted to alkyl-DHAP by the addition of a long chain alcohol and the removal of a long-chain acid anion. The protein is localized to the inner aspect of the peroxisomal membrane and requires FAD as a cofactor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 3 and Zellweger syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA terminal phosphate cyclase-like 1 pseudogene

inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1

This gene encodes an inositol-3-phosphate synthase enzyme. The encoded protein plays a critical role in the myo-inositol biosynthesis pathway by catalyzing the rate-limiting conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to myoinositol 1-phosphate. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

solute carrier family 37 (glucose-6-phosphate transporter), member 1

The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. This protein translocates glucose-6-phosphate from the cytoplasm into the lumen of the ER for hydrolysis into glucose by another ER membrane protein. This gene is a member of the solute carrier 37 gene family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase 1

This enzyme functions in the methionine salvage pathway by catalyzing the interconversion of methylthioribose-1-phosphate and methythioribulose-1-phosphate. Elevated expression of the encoded protein is associated with metastatic melanoma and this protein promotes melanoma cell invasion independent of its enzymatic activity. Mutations in this gene may be associated with vanishing white matter disease (VMWD). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase

The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the terminal, rate-limiting step in the synthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, also known as vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 is a required co-factor for enzymes involved in both homocysteine metabolism and synthesis of neurotransmitters such as catecholamine. Mutations in this gene result in pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency, a form of neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 3 pseudogene

solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 3 pseudogene 1

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1

Enables sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase activity. Involved in apoptotic signaling pathway; fatty acid metabolic process; and sphingolipid metabolic process. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. Implicated in nephrotic syndrome type 14. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 3

Dolichol-phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) serves as a donor of mannosyl residues on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Lack of Dol-P-Man results in defective surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins. Dol-P-Man is synthesized from GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate on the cytosolic side of the ER by the enzyme dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase and acts as a stabilizer subunit of the dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 2, regulatory subunit

Dolichol-phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) serves as a donor of mannosyl residues on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Lack of Dol-P-Man results in defective surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins. Dol-P-Man is synthesized from GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate on the cytosolic side of the ER by the enzyme dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase. The protein encoded by this gene is a hydrophobic protein that contains 2 predicted transmembrane domains and a putative ER localization signal near the C terminus. This protein associates with DPM1 in vivo and is required for the ER localization and stable expression of DPM1 and also enhances the binding of dolichol-phosphate to DPM1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 1, catalytic subunit

Dolichol-phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) serves as a donor of mannosyl residues on the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Lack of Dol-P-Man results in defective surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins. Dol-P-Man is synthesized from GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate on the cytosolic side of the ER by the enzyme dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase. Human DPM1 lacks a carboxy-terminal transmembrane domain and signal sequence and is regulated by DPM2. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ie. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 2

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 1

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2, ethanolamine

This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CDP-ethanolamine from CTP and phosphoethanolamine in the Kennedy pathway of phospholipid synthesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase

Enables ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus; ceramide phosphoethanolamine catabolic process; and phospholipid transfer to membrane. Predicted to be located in mitochondrial matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 55

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 54

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 53

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 52

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 51

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 50

ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A

The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme, which catalyzes the reversible conversion between ribose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate in the pentose-phosphate pathway. This gene is highly conserved in most organisms. The enzyme plays an essential role in the carbohydrate metabolism. Mutations in this gene cause ribose 5-phosphate isomerase deficiency. A pseudogene is found on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, alpha

Phosphatidylinositol-5,4-bisphosphate, the precursor to second messengers of the phosphoinositide signal transduction pathways, is thought to be involved in the regulation of secretion, cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. The protein encoded by this gene is one of a family of enzymes capable of catalyzing the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate on the fourth hydroxyl of the myo-inositol ring to form phosphatidylinositol-5,4-bisphosphate. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme does not show homology to other kinases, but the recombinant protein does exhibit kinase activity. This gene is a member of the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, gamma

Enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process; negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; and positive regulation of autophagosome assembly. Located in several cellular components, including autophagosome; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, beta

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate on the fourth hydroxyl of the myo-inositol ring to form phosphatidylinositol-5,4-bisphosphate. This gene is a member of the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase family. The encoded protein sequence does not show similarity to other kinases, but the protein does exhibit kinase activity. Additionally, the encoded protein interacts with p55 TNF receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial

This gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme which prefers saturated fatty acids as its substrate for the synthesis of glycerolipids. This metabolic pathway's first step is catalyzed by the encoded enzyme. Two forms for this enzyme exist, one in the mitochondria and one in the endoplasmic reticulum. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, alpha

This gene belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family and is involved in the regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, beta

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family. It is involved in the regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 beta

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PI3-kinases play roles in signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, cell survival, cell migration, and intracellular protein trafficking. This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3-kinases. C2 domains act as calcium-dependent phospholipid binding motifs that mediate translocation of proteins to membranes, and may also mediate protein-protein interactions. The PI3-kinase activity of this protein is sensitive to low nanomolar levels of the inhibitor wortmanin. The C2 domain of this protein was shown to bind phospholipids but not Ca2+, which suggests that this enzyme may function in a calcium-independent manner. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 alpha

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PI3-kinases play roles in signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, cell survival, cell migration, and intracellular protein trafficking. This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3-kinases. C2 domains act as calcium-dependent phospholipid binding motifs that mediate translocation of proteins to membranes, and may also mediate protein-protein interactions. The PI3-kinase activity of this protein is not sensitive to nanomolar levels of the inhibitor wortmanin. This protein was shown to be able to be activated by insulin and may be involved in integrin-dependent signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 gamma

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PI3-kinases play roles in signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, cell survival, cell migration, and intracellular protein trafficking. This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3-kinases. C2 domains act as calcium-dependent phospholipid binding motifs that mediate translocation of proteins to membranes, and may also mediate protein-protein interactions. This gene may play a role in several diseases, including type II diabetes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, pseudogene 1

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, pseudogene 2

N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase, alpha and beta subunits

This gene encodes two of three subunit types of the membrane-bound enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, a heterohexameric complex composed of two alpha, two beta, and two gamma subunits. The encoded protein is proteolytically cleaved at the Lys928-Asp929 bond to yield mature alpha and beta polypeptides while the gamma subunits are the product of a distinct gene (GeneID 84572). In the Golgi apparatus, the heterohexameric complex catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of mannose 6-phosphate recognition markers on certain oligosaccharides of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes. These recognition markers are essential for appropriate trafficking of lysosomal enzymes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with both mucolipidosis II and mucolipidosis IIIA.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 76

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 57

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6

Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.51) catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA). LPA and PA are involved in signal transduction and lipid biosynthesis.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 5

This gene encodes a member of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family. This integral membrane protein converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, the second step in de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. A pseudogene of this gene is present on the Y chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 4

This gene encodes a member of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family. This integral membrane protein converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, the second step in de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3

The protein encoded by this gene is an acyltransferase that converts lysophosphatidic acid into phosphatidic acid, which is the second step in the de novo phospholipid biosynthetic pathway. The encoded protein may be an integral membrane protein. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2

This gene encodes a member of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family. The protein is located within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, the second step in de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), or Berardinelli-Seip syndrome, a disease characterized by a near absence of adipose tissue and severe insulin resistance. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1

This gene encodes an enzyme that converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid (PA). LPA and PA are two phospholipids involved in signal transduction and in lipid biosynthesis in cells. This enzyme localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. This gene is located in the class III region of the human major histocompatibility complex. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 9

This gene encodes a member of the lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase protein family. The encoded protein is an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate to lysophosphatidic acid in the synthesis of triacylglycerol. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 1

Enables sodium:phosphate symporter activity. Involved in several processes, including phosphate ion homeostasis; response to cadmium ion; and response to lead ion. Located in several cellular components, including apical plasma membrane; mitotic spindle; and nuclear speck. Implicated in several diseases, including Fanconi syndrome (multiple); chronic kidney disease; hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria; hypophosphatemic nephrolithiasis/osteoporosis 1; and nephrolithiasis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 3

This gene encodes a member of SLC34A transporter family of proteins, and is expressed primarily in the kidney. It is involved in transporting phosphate into cells via sodium cotransport in the renal brush border membrane, and contributes to the maintenance of inorganic phosphate concentration in the kidney. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants varying in the 5' UTR have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a pH-sensitive sodium-dependent phosphate transporter. Phosphate uptake is increased at lower pH. Defects in this gene are a cause of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

mannose-6-phosphate receptor (cation dependent)

This gene encodes a member of the P-type lectin family. P-type lectins play a critical role in lysosome function through the specific transport of mannose-6-phosphate-containing acid hydrolases from the Golgi complex to lysosomes. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and requires divalent cations for ligand binding. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

ceramide-1-phosphate transfer protein

Enables ceramide 1-phosphate binding activity and ceramide 1-phosphate transfer activity. Involved in ceramide 1-phosphate transport; negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly; and negative regulation of metabolic process. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A pseudogene 1

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 26

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 25

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 22

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 23

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 20

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 21

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 29

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase

Enables D-ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase activity; metal ion binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in carbohydrate metabolic process and pentose-phosphate shunt. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 23

Enables ADP:phosphate antiporter activity and ATP:phosphate antiporter activity. Involved in mitochondrial transmembrane transport; positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration; and regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 24

This gene encodes a carrier protein that transports ATP-Mg exchanging it for phosphate. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 25

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers, with a characteristic mitochondrial carrier domain at the C-terminus. These proteins are found in the inner membranes of mitochondria, and function as transport proteins. They shuttle metabolites, nucleotides and cofactors through the mitochondrial membrane and thereby connect and/or regulate cytoplasm and matrix functions. This protein may function as an ATP-Mg/Pi carrier that mediates the transport of Mg-ATP in exchange for phosphate, and likely responsible for the net uptake or efflux of adenine nucleotides into or from the mitochondria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms with a common C-terminus but variable N-termini have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble)

This gene encodes a member of the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family. The encoded protein plays a critical role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by catalyzing the reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and NAD+. The encoded cytosolic protein and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase also form a glycerol phosphate shuttle that facilitates the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to mitochondria. Mutations in this gene are a cause of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (mitochondrial)

The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, using FAD as a cofactor. Along with GDP1, the encoded protein constitutes the glycerol phosphate shuttle, which reoxidizes NADH formed during glycolysis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely the conversion of UDP-glucose + galactose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate + UDP-galactose. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 24

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 28

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 68

glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2, mitochondrial

Enables glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process; glycerolipid biosynthetic process; and piRNA processing. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mannose-6-phosphate receptor (cation dependent) pseudogene

ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase-like 1

Predicted to enable D-ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase activity and metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in carbohydrate metabolic process and pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch. Predicted to be active in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2, mitochondrial pseudogene

mannose phosphate isomerase

Phosphomannose isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of fructose-6-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate and plays a critical role in maintaining the supply of D-mannose derivatives, which are required for most glycosylation reactions. Mutations in the MPI gene were found in patients with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, type Ib. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

solute carrier family 37 (glucose-6-phosphate transporter), member 2

Enables glucose 6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity. Involved in glucose-6-phosphate transport and phosphate ion transmembrane transport. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

solute carrier family 37 (glucose-6-phosphate transporter), member 4

This gene regulates glucose-6-phosphate transport from the cytoplasm to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, in order to maintain glucose homeostasis. It also plays a role in ATP-mediated calcium sequestration in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in this gene have been associated with various forms of glycogen storage disease. Alternative splicing in this gene results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked

The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane endopeptidase that belongs to the type II integral membrane zinc-dependent endopeptidase family. The protein is thought to be involved in bone and dentin mineralization and renal phosphate reabsorption. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase, gamma subunit

This gene encodes the gamma sunbunit of the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase complex. This hexameric complex, composed of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, catalyzes the first step in synthesis of a mannose 6-phosphate lysosomal recognition marker. This enzyme complex is necessary for targeting of lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosome. Mutations in the gene encoding the gamma subunit have been associated with mucolipidosis IIIC, also known as mucolipidosis III gamma.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 5 pseudogene 1

glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to glycerone phosphate. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm, associated with the plasma membrane, where it binds the sodium channel, voltage-gated, type V, alpha subunit (SCN5A). Defects in this gene are a cause of Brugada syndrome type 2 (BRS2) as well as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 75

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 74

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 71

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 70

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 73

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 72

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

This gene encodes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This protein is a cytosolic enzyme encoded by a housekeeping X-linked gene whose main function is to produce NADPH, a key electron donor in the defense against oxidizing agents and in reductive biosynthetic reactions. G6PD is remarkable for its genetic diversity. Many variants of G6PD, mostly produced from missense mutations, have been described with wide ranging levels of enzyme activity and associated clinical symptoms. G6PD deficiency may cause neonatal jaundice, acute hemolysis, or severe chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and ong>actingong> as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 3

The proteins in the lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP) family, including PRG2, are integral membrane proteins that modulate bioactive lipid phosphates including phosphatidate, lysophosphatidate, and sphingosine-1-phosphate in the context of cell migration, neurite retraction, and mitogenesis (Brauer et al., 2003 [PubMed 12730698]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 65

glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

This gene encodes a member of the glucose phosphate isomerase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. In the cytoplasm, the gene product functions as a glycolytic enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase) that interconverts glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. Extracellularly, the encoded protein (also referred to as neuroleukin) functions as a neurotrophic factor that promotes survival of skeletal motor neurons and sensory neurons, and as a lymphokine that induces immunoglobulin secretion. The encoded protein is also referred to as autocrine motility factor based on an additional function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and angiogenic factor. Defects in this gene are the cause of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and a severe enzyme deficiency can be associated with hydrops fetalis, immediate neonatal death and neurological impairment. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1

This gene encodes the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine pathway and controls the flux of glucose into the hexosamine pathway. The product of this gene catalyzes the formation of glucosamine 6-phosphate. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2

Enables glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) activity. Involved in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process and fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphate binding apolipoprotein

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6 (lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, zeta) pseudogene

carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase

The de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides is required for mammalian cells to proliferate. This gene encodes a trifunctional protein which is associated with the enzymatic activities of the first 3 enzymes in the 6-step pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis: carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS II), aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase. This protein is regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which indicates a direct link between activation of the MAPK cascade and de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 2

This gene encodes a member of the inorganic phosphate transporter family. The encoded protein is a type 3 sodium-dependent phosphate symporter that plays an important role in phosphate homeostasis by mediating cellular phosphate uptake. The encoded protein also confers susceptibility to viral infection as a gamma-retroviral receptor. Mutations in this gene may play a role in familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a sodium-phosphate symporter that absorbs phosphate from interstitial fluid for use in cellular functions such as metabolism, signal transduction, and nucleic acid and lipid synthesis. The encoded protein is also a retroviral receptor, causing human cells to be susceptible to infection by gibbon ape leukemia virus, simian sarcoma-associated virus, feline leukemia virus subgroup B, and 10A1 murine leukemia virus.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 pseudogene

glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (mitochondrial) pseudogene

solute carrier family 34 (type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 2 pseudogene

solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1 pseudogene 1

solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1 pseudogene 3

solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1 pseudogene 2

sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane protein that degrades the bioactive signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate. The encoded protein is induced during inflammatory responses and has been shown to be downregulated by the microRNA-31 tumor suppressor. Alternative splice variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that regulates diverse biologic processes. SGPP1 catalyzes the degradation of S1P via salvage and recycling of sphingosine into long-chain ceramides (Mandala et al., 2000 [PubMed 10859351]; Le Stunff et al., 2007 [PubMed 17895250]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2 pseudogene

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 48

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 49

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 44

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 45

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 46

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 47

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 40

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 41

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 42

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 43

solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 3

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the transport of phosphate into the mitochondrial matrix, either by proton cotransport or in exchange for hydroxyl ions. The protein contains three related segments arranged in tandem which are related to those found in other characterized members of the mitochondrial carrier family. Both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of this protein protrude toward the cytosol. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been isolated. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

dolichyl-phosphate (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1 (GlcNAc-1-P transferase)

The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide pathway for glycoprotein biosynthesis. This enzyme belongs to the glycosyltransferase family 4. This protein is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. The congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ij is caused by mutation in the gene encoding this enzyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA terminal phosphate cyclase-like 1

Predicted to enable RNA endonuclease activity. Involved in ribosomal small subunit biogenesis. Part of small-subunit processome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a type 2 member of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) family. All type 2 members of this protein family contain 6 transmembrane regions, and a consensus N-glycosylation site. PAPs convert phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, and function in de novo synthesis of glycerolipids as well as in receptor-activated signal transduction mediated by phospholipase D. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 4

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP) family. LPPs catalyze the dephosphorylation of a number of bioactive lipid mediators that regulate a variety of cell functions. This protein is specifically expressed in neurons. It is located in the membranes of outgrowing axons and has been shown to be important for axonal outgrowth during development and regenerative sprouting. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 2

Predicted to enable phosphatidate phosphatase activity. Predicted to be involved in phospholipid dephosphorylation; phospholipid metabolic process; and signal transduction. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 1

This gene encodes a member of the plasticity-related gene (PRG) family. Members of the PRG family mediate lipid phosphate phosphatase activity in neurons and are known to be involved in neuronal plasticity. The protein encoded by this gene does not perform its function through enzymatic phospholipid degradation. This gene is strongly expressed in brain. It shows dynamic expression regulation during brain development and neuronal excitation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase-like 1

PIP5KL1 is a phosphoinositide kinase-like protein that lacks intrinsic lipid kinase activity but associates with type I PIPKs (see PIP5K1A; MIM 603275) and may play a role in localization of PIPK activity (Chang et al., 2004 [PubMed 14701839]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 17

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 16

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 14

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 19

RNA 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH ligase

Enables RNA ligase (GTP) activity and vinculin binding activity. Involved in tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. Part of tRNA-splicing ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase

This gene encodes a member of the RNA 3'-phosphate cyclase family. The encoded protein plays a role in RNA metabolism by catalyzing the ATP-dependent conversion of the 3'-phosphate of RNA substrates to a 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 59

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 58

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 56

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogenic

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family of enzymes that play an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. Like its somatic cell counterpart, this sperm-specific enzyme functions in a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent manner to remove hydrogen and add phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to form 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. During spermiogenesis, this enzyme may play an important role in regulating the switch between different energy-producing pathways, and it is required for sperm motility and male fertility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase

L-fucose is a key sugar in glycoproteins and other complex carbohydrates since it may be involved in many of the functional roles of these macromolecules, such as in cell-cell recognition. The fucosyl donor for these fucosylated oligosaccharides is GDP-beta-L-fucose. There are two alternate pathways for the biosynthesis of GDP-fucose; the major pathway converts GDP-alpha-D-mannose to GDP-beta-L-fucose. The protein encoded by this gene participates in an alternate pathway that is present in certain mammalian tissues, such as liver and kidney, and appears to function as a salvage pathway to reutilize L-fucose arising from the turnover of glycoproteins and glycolipids. This pathway involves the phosphorylation of L-fucose to form beta-L-fucose-1-phosphate, and then condensation of the beta-L-fucose-1-phosphate with GTP by fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase to form GDP-beta-L-fucose. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream TNNI3 interong>actingong> kinase (TNNI3K) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3

This gene encodes a member of the EDG family of receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors. This protein has been identified as a functional receptor for sphingosine 1-phosphate and likely contributes to the regulation of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2

This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptors, as well as the EDG family of proteins. The encoded protein is a receptor for sphingosine 1-phosphate, which participates in cell proliferation, survival, and transcriptional activation. Defects in this gene have been associated with congenital profound deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is structurally similar to G protein-coupled receptors and is highly expressed in endothelial cells. It binds the ligand sphingosine-1-phosphate with high affinity and high specificity, and suggested to be involved in the processes that regulate the differentiation of endothelial cells. Activation of this receptor induces cell-cell adhesion. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5

The lysosphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and neurite retraction. Its actions may be both intracellular as a second messenger and extracellular as a receptor ligand. S1P and the structurally related lysolipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signal cells through a set of G protein-coupled receptors known as EDG receptors. Some EDG receptors (e.g., EDG1; MIM 601974) are S1P receptors; others (e.g., EDG2; MIM 602282) are LPA receptors.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4

This gene is a member of the endothelial differentiation, G-protein-coupled (EDG)) receptor gene family. EDG receptors bind lysophospholipids or lysosphingolipids as ligands, and are involved in cell signalling in many different cell types. This EDG receptor gene is intronless and is specifically expressed in the lymphoid tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 15

deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase (putative)

Enables deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase activity. Involved in deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction converting D-glucosamine-6-phosphate into D-fructose-6-phosphate and ammonium. Variations of this gene have been reported to be associated with influencing body mass index and susceptibility to obesity. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 9. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 1

Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (EC 3.5.99.6) is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of D-glucosamine-6-phosphate into D-fructose-6-phosphate and ammonium (Arreola et al., 2003 [PubMed 12965206]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2010]

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 62

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 63

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 60

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 61

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 66

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 67

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 64

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 69

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2, mitochondrial pseudogene

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene 27

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, gamma

This locus encodes a type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase. The encoded protein catalyzes phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, producing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This enzyme is found at synapses and has been found to play roles in endocytosis and cell migration. Mutations at this locus have been associated with lethal congenital contractural syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, beta

Predicted to enable 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process. Located in uropod. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha

Enables 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity and kinase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including activation of GTPase activity; focal adhesion assembly; and ruffle assembly. Located in several cellular components, including lamellipodium; nucleus; and ruffle membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial

The mitochondrial enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from ammonia and bicarbonate. This reaction is the first committed step of the urea cycle, which is important in the removal of excess urea from cells. The encoded protein may also represent a core mitochondrial nucleoid protein. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The shortest isoform may not be localized to the mitochondrion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency, susceptibility to persistent pulmonary hypertension, and susceptibility to venoocclusive disease after bone marrow transplantation.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

pyridoxal phosphate binding protein

This gene encodes a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding protein involved in the homeostatic regulation of intracellular pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. This gene has a tumor suppressive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma and other solid tumors of epithelial origin. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with a pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3

This gene encodes a member of the lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase protein family. The encoded protein is an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate to lysophosphatidic acid in the synthesis of triacylglycerol. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4

Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.51) catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA). LPA and PA are involved in signal transduction and lipid biosynthesis.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

RNA 5'-phosphate and 3'-OH ligase 1

Enables RNA ligase (ATP) activity. Involved in response to reactive oxygen species. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]