Harmonizome 3.0

rhodopsin

The protein encoded by this gene is found in rod cells in the back of the eye and is essential for vision in low-light conditions. The encoded protein binds to 11-cis retinal and is activated when light hits the retinal molecule. Defects in this gene are a cause of congenital stationary night blindness. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

kinectin 1 (kinesin receptor)

This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that is a member of the kinectin protein family. The encoded protein is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This protein binds kinesin and may be involved in intracellular organelle motility. This protein also binds translation elongation factor-delta and may be involved in the assembly of the elongation factor-1 complex. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

KTN1 antisense RNA 1

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2) pseudogene

Rho GTPase activating protein 44

Enables phospholipid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including modification of dendritic spine; negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction; and regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization. Located in leading edge membrane. Implicated in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and skin melanoma. Biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma and lung carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho GTPase activating protein 40

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of actin filament polymerization and regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 3

This gene encodes a member of a small family of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) metabolizing proteins that contain a CRIB (Cdc42, Rac interactive binding) domain. Members of this family of proteins act as effectors of CDC42 function. The encoded protein is involved in actin cytoskeleton re-organization during cell shape changes, including pseudopodia formation. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 2

CDC42, a small Rho GTPase, regulates the formation of F-actin-containing structures through its interaction with the downstream effector proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Borg family of CDC42 effector proteins. Borg family proteins contain a CRIB (Cdc42/Rac interactive-binding) domain. They bind to, and negatively regulate the function of CDC42. Coexpression of this protein with CDC42 suggested a role of this protein in actin filament assembly and cell shape control. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 1

CDC42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family that regulates multiple cellular activities, including actin polymerization. The protein encoded by this gene is a CDC42 binding protein that mediates actin cytoskeleton reorganization at the plasma membrane. This protein is secreted and is primarily found in bone marrow. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 5

Cell division control protein 42 (CDC42), a small Rho GTPase, regulates the formation of F-actin-containing structures through its interaction with the downstream effector proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Borg (binder of Rho GTPases) family of CDC42 effector proteins. Borg family proteins contain a CRIB (Cdc42/Rac interactive-binding) domain. They bind to CDC42 and regulate its function negatively. The encoded protein may inhibit c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) independently of CDC42 binding. The protein may also play a role in septin organization and inducing pseudopodia formation in fibroblasts [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 4

The product of this gene is a member of the CDC42-binding protein family. Members of this family interact with Rho family GTPases and regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. This protein has been shown to bind both CDC42 and TC10 GTPases in a GTP-dependent manner. When overexpressed in fibroblasts, this protein was able to induce pseudopodia formation, which suggested a role in inducing actin filament assembly and cell shape control. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2D (pseudogene)

This locus encodes a member of the SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein family. This human-specific locus resulted from segmental duplication of the SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2B locus. This duplicated locus lacks an internal exon, and thus this gene copy may not be functional. Expression of this locus appears to be much lower than the similar SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2C (SRGAP2C) locus. The SRGAP2C locus has been shown to encode a protein that functions antagonistically to SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2 in cortical neuron development. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

Rho GTPase activating protein 27 pseudogene

Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1

This gene encodes a protein serine/threonine kinase that is activated when bound to the GTP-bound form of Rho. The small GTPase Rho regulates formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers of fibroblasts, as well as adhesion and aggregation of platelets and lymphocytes by shuttling between the inactive GDP-bound form and the active GTP-bound form. Rho is also essential in cytokinesis and plays a role in transcriptional activation by serum response factor. This protein, a downstream effector of Rho, phosphorylates and activates LIM kinase, which in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. A pseudogene, related to this gene, is also located on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cytokinesis, smooth muscle contraction, the formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions, and the activation of the c-fos serum response element. This protein, which is an isozyme of ROCK1 is a target for the small GTPase Rho. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 37

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, rho 1

GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. GABRR1 is a member of the rho subunit family. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, rho 2

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the rho subunit family and is a component of the GABA type A receptor complex. This gene exists on chromosome 6q next to the gene encoding the rho 1 subunit of the GABA type A receptor, in a region thought to be associated with susceptibility for psychiatric disorders and epilepsy. Polymorphisms in this gene may also be associated with alcohol dependence, and general cognitive ability. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, rho 3 (gene/pseudogene)

The neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) functions in the central nervous system to regulate synaptic transmission of neurons. This gene encodes one of three related subunits, which combine as homo- or hetero-pentamers to form GABA(C) receptors. In humans, some individuals contain a single-base polymorphism (dbSNP rs832032) that is predicted to inactivate the gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 34, pseudogene

Rho GTPase activating protein 16 pseudogene

Rho GTPase activating protein 42 pseudogene 5

Rho GTPase activating protein 42 pseudogene 4

Rho GTPase activating protein 42

This gene encodes a Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP), and member of the GRAF or BAR-PH family of proteins. Expression of this gene is enriched in vascular smooth muscle cells and the encoded protein inhibits RhoA activity to regulate vascular tone and control blood pressure. A mutation in the first intron of this gene modulates its expression and is associated with reduced blood pressure in human patients with borderline hypertension. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

rhophilin, Rho GTPase binding protein 1

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of stress fiber assembly. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including focal adhesion assembly; glomerular filtration; and renal albumin absorption. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho GTPase activating protein 23

The RHO (see ARHA; MIM 165390) family of small GTPases are involved in signal transduction through transmembrane receptors, and they are inactive in the GDP-bound form and active in the GTP-bound form. GTPase-activating proteins, such as ARHGAP23, inactivate RHO family proteins by stimulating their hydrolysis of GTP (Katoh and Katoh, 2004 [PubMed 15254754]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 22

This gene encodes a member of the GTPase activating protein family which activates a GTPase belonging to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. The encoded protein is insulin-responsive, is dependent on the kinase Akt and requires the Akt-dependent 14-3-3 binding protein which binds sequentially to two serine residues. The result of these interactions is regulation of cell motility. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

Rho GTPase activating protein 21

ARHGAP21 functions preferentially as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for CDC42 (MIM 116952) and regulates the ARP2/3 complex (MIM 604221) and F-actin dynamics at the Golgi through control of CDC42 activity (Dubois et al., 2005 [PubMed 15793564]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 20

The protein encoded by this gene is an activator of RHO-type GTPases, transducing a signal from RAP1 to RHO and impacting neurite outgrowth. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

Rho GTPase activating protein 27

This gene encodes a member of a large family of proteins that activate Rho-type guanosine triphosphate (GTP) metabolizing enzymes. The encoded protein may pay a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

Rho GTPase activating protein 26

Interaction of a cell with the extracellular matrix triggers integrin cell surface receptors to begin signaling cascades that regulate the organization of the actin-cytoskeleton. One of the proteins involved in these cascades is focal adhesion kinase. The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase activating protein that binds to focal adhesion kinase and mediates the activity of the GTP binding proteins RhoA and Cdc42. Defects in this gene are a cause of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

Rho GTPase activating protein 25

ARHGAPs, such as ARHGAP25, encode negative regulators of Rho GTPases (see ARHA; MIM 165390), which are implicated in actin remodeling, cell polarity, and cell migration (Katoh and Katoh, 2004 [PubMed 15254788]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 24

This gene encodes a Rho-GTPase activating protein, which is specific for the small GTPase family member Rac. Binding of the encoded protein by filamin A targets it to sites of membrane protrusion, where it antognizes Rac. This results in suppression of lamellae formation and promotion of retraction to regulate cell polarity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

Rho GTPase activating protein 29

Rap1 is a small GTPase that, through effectors, regulates Rho GTPase signaling. These effectors- Rasip1, Radil, and the protein encoded by this gene- translocate to the cell membrane, where they form a multiprotein complex. This complex is necessary for Rap1-induced inhibition of Rho signaling. Defects in this gene may be a cause of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

Rho GTPase activating protein 28

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of stress fiber assembly; regulation of actin filament polymerization; and regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Located in cell junction and nucleoplasm. Implicated in allergic disease. Biomarker of meningioma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho family GTPase 1

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Rho GTPase family. Members of this family regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to extracellular growth factors. A similar protein in rat interacts with a microtubule regulator to control axon extension. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

Rho family GTPase 2

This gene encodes a member of the Rho GTPase family, whose members play a key role in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization in response to extracellular growth factors. This particular family member has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal morphology and endosomal trafficking. The gene localizes to chromosome 17 and is the centromeric neighbor of the breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho family GTPase 3

This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the small GTPase protein superfamily. The encoded protein binds only GTP but has no GTPase activity, and appears to act as a negative regulator of cytoskeletal organization leading to loss of adhesion. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2C

This locus encodes a member of the SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein family. This human-specific locus resulted from segmental duplication of the SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2B locus. The encoded protein lacks the GTPase activating protein domain compared to proteins encoded by SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2, and acts antagonistically to these proteins in cortical neuron development. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

Rho GTPase activating protein 42 pseudogene 3

Rho GTPase activating protein 42 pseudogene 2

Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 2

Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form complex with G proteins and stimulate rho-dependent signals. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009]

Rho GTPase activating protein 21 pseudogene

Rho GTPase activating protein 42 pseudogene 1

Rho GTPase activating protein 20 pseudogene

Rho GTPase activating protein 5 pseudogene

Rho GTPase activating protein 23 pseudogene

Rho GTPase activating protein 27 pseudogene

actin binding Rho activating protein

Predicted to enable actin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actin cytoskeleton organization; positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription and protein import into nucleus. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CDC42 effector protein (Rho GTPase binding) 3 pseudogene 1

Rho GTPase activating protein 20 pseudogene

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 28

This gene encodes a member of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor family. The encoded protein interacts with low molecular weight neurofilament mRNA and may be involved in the formation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis neurofilament aggregates. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 25

Rho GTPases alternate between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state, and GEFs facilitate GDP/GTP exchange. This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which interacts with Rho GTPases involved in contraction of vascular smooth muscles, regulation of responses to angiotensin II and lens cell differentiation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 26

This gene encodes a member of the Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Rho-GEF) family. These proteins regulate Rho GTPases by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP. The encoded protein specifically activates RhoG and plays a role in the promotion of macropinocytosis. Underexpression of the encoded protein may be a predictive marker of chemoresistant disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

Rho GTPase activating protein 33 pseudogene

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2)

This gene encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing proteins. The encoded protein localizes to the plasma membrane, where it regulates diverse processes, such as secretion, phagocytosis, and cell polarization. Activity of this protein is also involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Mutations in this gene are associated with neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac3)

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1)

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2B

This locus encodes a member of the SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein family. This human-specific locus resulted from incomplete segmental duplication of the SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2 locus. The encoded protein lacks the GTPase activating protein domain compared to proteins encoded by SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2. The functionality of the protein encoded by this locus has been questioned, as several normal individuals with homozygous deletions for this locus have been identified, and the expression of this locus appears to be much lower than the similar SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2C (SRGAP2C) locus. The SRGAP2C locus has been shown to encode a protein that functions antagonistically to SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2 in cortical neuron development. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

rho GTPase-activating protein 23-like

citron rho-interacting serine/threonine kinase

This gene encodes a serine/threonine-protein kinase that functions in cell division. Together with the kinesin KIF14, this protein localizes to the central spindle and midbody, and functions to promote efficient cytokinesis. This protein is involved in central nervous system development. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with bipolar disorder and risk for schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

rhophilin, Rho GTPase binding protein 2

This gene encodes a member of the rhophilin family of Ras-homologous (Rho)-GTPase binding proteins. The encoded protein binds both GTP- and GDP-bound RhoA and GTP-bound RhoB and may be involved in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 10-like

This gene belongs to the RhoGEF subfamily of RhoGTPases. Members of this subfamily are activated by specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and are involved in signal transduction. The encoded protein shows cytosolic distribution. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 10

This gene encodes a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Rho GEFs regulate the activity of small Rho GTPases by stimulating the exchange of guanine diphosphate (GDP) for guanine triphosphate (GTP) and may play a role in neural morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with slowed nerve conduction velocity (SNCV). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 11

Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form a complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. A similar protein in rat interacts with glutamate transporter EAAT4 and modulates its glutamate transport activity. Expression of the rat protein induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and its overexpression induces the formation of membrane ruffling and filopodia. Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 12

Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli working through G protein-coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form a complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. This protein has been observed to form a myeloid/lymphoid fusion partner in acute myeloid leukemia. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 15

Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein-coupled receptors. This gene encodes a protein that functions as a specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RhoA. It also interacts with ephrin A4 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Two alternatively spliced transcripts variants that encode the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 16

Although the specific function of this protein is not known yet, it is thought to be involved in protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 17

Enables guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Acts upstream of or within actin cytoskeleton organization. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 18

Rho GTPases are GTP binding proteins that regulate a wide spectrum of cellular functions. These cellular processes include cytoskeletal rearrangements, gene transcription, cell growth and motility. Activation of Rho GTPases is under the direct control of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and belongs to the Rho GTPase GEF family. Family members share a common feature, a Dbl (DH) homology domain followed by a pleckstrin (PH) homology domain. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2018]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 19

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) such as ARHGEF19 accelerate the GTPase activity of Rho GTPases (see RHOA, MIM 165390).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 11A

This gene encodes a member of the Rho GTPase activating protein family. In response to DNA damage, the encoded protein interacts with the p53 tumor suppressor protein and stimulates its tetramerization, which results in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. A chromosomal deletion that includes this gene is one cause of Prader-Willi syndrome, and an intronic variant of this gene may be associated with sleep duration in children. This gene is highly expressed in colon cancers and in a human basal-like breast cancer cell line. This gene also produces a ARHGAP11A-SCG5 readthrough transcript and ARHGAP11A-SCG5 protein. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2019]

Rho GTPase activating protein 11B

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Involved in cerebral cortex development and negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability. Acts upstream of with a positive effect on glutamine catabolic process. Located in mitochondrial matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin phosphatase Rho interacting protein pseudogene 1

Rho GTPase activating protein 30

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction. Located in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho GTPase activating protein 31

This gene encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). A variety of cellular processes are regulated by Rho GTPases which cycle between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. This cycling between inactive and active forms is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GAPs. The encoded protein is a GAP shown to regulate two GTPases involved in protein trafficking and cell growth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 32

RICS is a neuron-associated GTPase-activating protein that may regulate dendritic spine morphology and strength by modulating Rho GTPase (see RHOA; MIM 165390) activity (Okabe et al., 2003 [PubMed 12531901]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 33

This gene encodes a member of the sorting nexin family. Members of this family contain a phox (PX) domain, which is a phosphoinositide binding domain, and are involved in intracellular trafficking. Alternative splice variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

Rho GTPase activating protein 35

The human glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding factor, which associates with the promoter region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (hGR gene), is a repressor of glucocorticoid receptor transcription. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequences show the presence of three sequence motifs characteristic of a zinc finger and one motif suggestive of a leucine zipper in which 1 cysteine is found instead of all leucines. The GRLF1 enhances the homologous down-regulation of wild-type hGR gene expression. Biochemical analysis suggests that GRLF1 interaction is sequence specific and that transcriptional efficacy of GRLF1 is regulated through its interaction with specific sequence motif. The level of expression is regulated by glucocorticoids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 36

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho GTPase activating protein 39

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Involved in postsynapse organization. Is active in glutamatergic synapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho GTPase activating protein 23 pseudogene 1

synapse defective 1, Rho GTPase, homolog 2 (C. elegans)

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Acts upstream of or within cell migration. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be active in synaptic membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

synapse defective 1, Rho GTPase, homolog 1 (C. elegans)

The protein encoded by this gene is a Rho GTPase-activating protein highly expressed in placenta. The encoded protein is involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and trophoblast cell migration. Decreased expression of this gene has been associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 7

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a family of cytoplasmic proteins that activate the Ras-like family of Rho proteins by exchanging bound GDP for GTP. It forms a complex with the small GTP binding protein Rac1 and recruits Rac1 to membrane ruffles and to focal adhesions. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4

Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The protein encoded by this gene may form complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 5

Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form a complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. This protein may be involved in the control of cytoskeletal organization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3

Rho-like GTPases are involved in a variety of cellular processes, and they are activated by binding GTP and inactivated by conversion of GTP to GDP by their intrinsic GTPase activity. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) accelerate the GTPase activity of Rho GTPases by catalyzing their release of bound GDP. This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which specifically activates two members of the Rho GTPase family: RHOA and RHOB, both of which have a role in bone cell biology. It has been identified that genetic variation in this gene plays a role in the determination of bone mineral density (BMD), indicating the implication of this gene in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1

Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein coupled receptors. The encoded protein may form complex with G proteins and stimulate Rho-dependent signals. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 pseudogene 1

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 40

This gene encodes a protein similar to guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases. The encoded protein contains in its C-terminus a GEF domain involved in exchange activity and a pleckstrin homology domain. Alternatively spliced transcripts that encode different proteins have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

Rho GTPase activating protein 20 pseudogene

Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) gamma

The GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) play a primary role in modulating the activation of GTPases by inhibiting the exchange of GDP for GTP. See ARHGDIB (MIM 602843).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) beta

Members of the Rho (or ARH) protein family (see MIM 165390) and other Ras-related small GTP-binding proteins (see MIM 179520) are involved in diverse cellular events, including cell signaling, proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and secretion. The GTP-binding proteins are active only in the GTP-bound state. At least 3 classes of proteins tightly regulate cycling between the GTP-bound and GDP-bound states: GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), guanine nucleotide-releasing factors (GRFs), and GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). The GDIs, including ARHGDIB, decrease the rate of GDP dissociation from Ras-like GTPases (summary by Scherle et al., 1993 [PubMed 8356058]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2010]

Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) alpha

This gene encodes a protein that plays a key role in the regulation of signaling through Rho GTPases. The encoded protein inhibits the disassociation of Rho family members from GDP (guanine diphosphate), thereby maintaining these factors in an inactive state. Activity of this protein is important in a variety of cellular processes, and expression of this gene may be altered in tumors. Mutations in this gene have been found in individuals with nephrotic syndrome, type 8. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor

This gene encodes a large protein that functions as a GDP to GTP exchange factor. This protein promotes the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby playing a role in cell migration and growth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

myosin phosphatase Rho interacting protein

Enables cadherin binding activity. Located in actin cytoskeleton and cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho GTPase activating protein 21 pseudogene

rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5-like

Rho-related BTB domain containing 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a small Rho GTPase and a candidate tumor suppressor. The encoded protein interacts with the cullin-3 protein, a ubiquitin E3 ligase necessary for mitotic cell division. This protein inhibits the growth and spread of some types of breast cancer. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

Rho-related BTB domain containing 3

Enables ATP binding activity; ATP hydrolysis activity; and small GTPase binding activity. Involved in retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho-related BTB domain containing 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Rho family of the small GTPase superfamily. It contains a GTPase domain, a proline-rich region, a tandem of 2 BTB (broad complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac) domains, and a conserved C-terminal region. The protein plays a role in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction and the organization of the actin filament system. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 8

This gene encodes a member of the RHOGAP family. GAP (GTPase-activating) family proteins participate in signaling pathways that regulate cell processes involved in cytoskeletal changes. GAP proteins alternate between an active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) state based on the GTP:GDP ratio in the cell. This family member is a multidomain protein that functions to promote Erk activation and cell motility. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcripts from the upstream proline rich 5, renal (PRR5) gene into this gene also exist, which led to the original description of PRR5 and ARHGAP8 being a single gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

Rho GTPase activating protein 9

This gene encodes a member of the Rho-GAP family of GTPase activating proteins. The protein has substantial GAP activity towards several Rho-family GTPases in vitro, converting them to an inactive GDP-bound state. It is implicated in regulating adhesion of hematopoietic cells to the extracellular matrix. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 4

This gene encodes a member of the rhoGAP family of proteins which play a role in the regulation of small GTP-binding proteins belonging to the RAS superfamily. The protein encoded by the orthologous gene in rat is localized to the Golgi complex and can redistribute to microtubules. The rat protein stimulates the activity of some Rho GTPases in vitro. Genomic deletions of this gene and a neighboring gene have been found in patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

Rho GTPase activating protein 5

Rho GTPase activating protein 5 negatively regulates RHO GTPases, a family which may mediate cytoskeleton changes by stimulating the hydrolysis of bound GTP. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 6

This gene encodes a member of the rhoGAP family of proteins which play a role in the regulation of actin polymerization at the plasma membrane during several cellular processes. This protein is thought to have two independent functions, one as a GTPase-activating protein with specificity for RhoA, and another as a cytoskeletal protein that promotes actin remodeling. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 1

This gene encodes a member of a large family of proteins that activate Rho-type guanosine triphosphate (GTP) metabolizing enzymes. The encoded protein contains a SRC homology 3 domain and interacts with Bcl-2-associated protein family members. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 33

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 38

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 39

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Involved in positive regulation of cell migration. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DLC1 Rho GTPase activating protein

This gene encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that is a member of the rhoGAP family of proteins which play a role in the regulation of small GTP-binding proteins. GAP family proteins participate in signaling pathways that regulate cell processes involved in cytoskeletal changes. This gene functions as a tumor suppressor gene in a number of common cancers, including prostate, lung, colorectal, and breast cancers. Multiple transcript variants due to alternative promoters and alternative splicing have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

Rho GTPase activating protein 17

RICH1 is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). GAPs stimulate the intrinsic GTP hydrolysis of small G proteins, such as RHOA (MIM 165390), RAC1 (MIM 602048), and CDC42 (MIM 116952).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

Rho GTPase activating protein 15

RHO GTPases (see ARHA; MIM 165390) regulate diverse biologic processes, and their activity is regulated by RHO GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), such as ARHGAP15 (Seoh et al., 2003 [PubMed 12650940]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

Rho GTPase activating protein 12

This gene encodes a member of a large family of proteins that activate Rho-type guanosine triphosphate (GTP) metabolizing enzymes. The encoded protein may be involved in suppressing tumor formation by regulating cell invasion and adhesion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

Rho GTPase activating protein 10

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in cytoskeleton organization and negative regulation of apoptotic process. Located in cytosol and endosome membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho GTPase activating protein 18

Enables GTPase activator activity. Involved in several processes, including regulation of actin filament polymerization; regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction; and small GTPase-mediated signal transduction. Located in cytosol; nuclear speck; and plasma membrane. Part of cytoplasmic microtubule and ruffle. Implicated in schizophrenia. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho GTPase activating protein 19

Members of the ARHGAP family, such as ARHGAP19, encode negative regulators of Rho GTPases (see RHOA; MIM 165390), which are involved in cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, actin remodeling, and G1 cell cycle progression (Lv et al., 2007 [PubMed 17454002]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase activator, working with the GTPase CDC42 to negatively regulate neuronal migration. The encoded protein interacts with the transmembrane receptor ROBO1 to inactivate CDC42. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 3

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of cell migration and regulation of postsynapse assembly. Is active in postsynapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2

This locus encodes a member of the SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein family. The encoded protein stimulates GTPase activity of Rac1, and plays a role in cortical neuron development. This locus has several paralogs on human chromosome 1 resulting from segmental duplication. While this locus itself is conserved among various species, the paralogs are found only in the genus Homo, and not in the genomes of non-human great apes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this locus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 35

rhophilin, Rho GTPase binding protein 2 pseudogene 1

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of stress fiber assembly. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RHO family interacting cell polarization regulator 1

Enables 14-3-3 protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including establishment of Golgi localization; negative regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity; and negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction. Located in Golgi apparatus; cell leading edge; and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rho GTPase activating protein 45

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Located in cytosol and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RHO family interacting cell polarization regulator 2

This gene encodes an atypical inhibitor of the small G protein RhoA. Inhibition of RhoA activity by the encoded protein mediates myoblast fusion and polarization of T cells and neutrophils. The encoded protein is a component of hair cell stereocilia that is essential for hearing. A splice site mutation in this gene results in hearing loss in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]