Harmonizome 3.0

serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade D (heparin cofactor), member 1

This gene belongs to the serpin gene superfamily. Serpins play roles in many processes including inflammation, blood clotting, and cancer metastasis. Members of this family have highly conserved secondary structures with a reactive center loop that interacts with the protease active site to inhibit protease activity. This gene encodes a plasma serine protease that functions as a thrombin and chymotrypsin inhibitor. The protein is activated by heparin, dermatan sulfate, and glycosaminoglycans. Allelic variations in this gene are associated with heparin cofactor II deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor

Enables growth factor activity; heparin binding activity; and transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity. Involved in several processes, including epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction; and positive regulation of wound healing. Located in cell surface. Is active in extracellular space. Implicated in glomerulosclerosis and perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transition protein 2 (during histone to protamine replacement)

Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including penetration of zona pellucida; positive regulation of protein processing; and sperm DNA condensation. Predicted to act upstream of or within binding activity of sperm to zona pellucida and flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in male germ cell nucleus. Predicted to be part of nucleosome. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transition protein 1 (during histone to protamine replacement)

Transition protein-1 is a spermatid-specific product of the haploid genome which replaces histone and is itself replaced in the mature sperm by the protamines (see PRM1, MIM 182880; PRM2, MIM 182890) (Luerssen et al., 1990 [PubMed 2249851]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

protamine 1

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in chromosome organization and spermatogenesis. Predicted to act upstream of or within nucleus organization and spermatid development. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

protamine 3

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in chromosome and nucleus. Predicted to be part of nucleosome. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

protamine 2

Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis, and are the major DNA-binding proteins in the nucleus of sperm in many vertebrates. They package the sperm DNA into a highly condensed complex in a volume less than 5% of a somatic cell nucleus. Many mammalian species have only one protamine (protamine 1); however, a few species, including human and mouse, have two. This gene encodes protamine 2, which is cleaved to give rise to a family of protamine 2 peptides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have also been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical protamine heparin aggregate from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations

genes co-occuring with the biological term protamine in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Protamine P1 protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Protamine 2, PRM2 protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the INSULIN ASPART PROTAMINE RECOMBINANT drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the INSULIN ASPART PROTAMINE, HUMAN drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the INSULIN LISPRO PROTAMINE RECOMBINANT drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the INSULIN, PROTAMINE ZINC drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the Myopathy, tubular aggregate, 2 phenotype from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical mineral trioxide aggregate from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations

genes co-occuring with the biological term aggregate in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the myopathy, tubular aggregate phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the ?myopathy, tubular aggregate, 2 phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Tubular Aggregate Myopathy in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations

genes associated with the Pretubular aggregate cell_Fetal kidney_Human cell type from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.

From CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations

genes associated with the Pre-tubular aggregate cell_Embryonic Kidney_Human cell type from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.

From CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations

genes associated with the Pretubular aggregate cell_Kidney_Mouse cell type from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.

From DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025

genes co-occuring with the disease Tubular aggregate myopathy 1 in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.

From COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025

proteins co-occuring with the Protein aggregate center cellular component in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.

From CORUM Protein Complexes

proteins in the NRP2-VEGFD complex, heparin dependent protein complex from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.

From CORUM Protein Complexes

proteins in the NRP1-VEGFC complex, heparin dependent protein complex from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.

From CORUM Protein Complexes

proteins in the NRP1-VEGFD complex, heparin dependent protein complex from the CORUM Protein Complexes dataset.

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical heparin-sepharose from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical Heparin from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical heparin, O-desulfated from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical calcium heparin from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From CTD Gene-Disease Associations

genes/proteins associated with the disease Heparin Cofactor II Deficiency from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DrugBank Drug Targets

interacting proteins for the Heparin Disaccharide Iii-S drug from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.

From DrugBank Drug Targets

interacting proteins for the Heparin drug from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.

From DrugBank Drug Targets

interacting proteins for the Heparin Disaccharide I-S drug from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease defective heparin binding associated in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations

genes co-occuring with the biological term heparin in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2015

genes participating in the heparin biosynthetic process biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2015

genes participating in the cellular response to heparin biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2015

genes participating in the response to heparin biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2015

genes participating in the heparin metabolic process biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015

genes performing the heparin binding molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset.

From Guide to Pharmacology Chemical Ligands of Receptors

receptors of the heparin ligand (chemical) from the curated Guide to Pharmacology Chemical Ligands of Receptors dataset.

From HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes

interacting proteins for the Heparin metabolite from the curated HMDB Metabolites of Enzymes dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Vascular endothelial growth factor, heparin-binding domain protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, heparin-binding protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Pleiotrophin/Midkine heparin-binding growth factor, conserved site protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Midkine heparin-binding growth factor protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the thrombophilia due to heparin cofactor ii deficiency phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From Reactome Pathways 2014

proteins participating in the Heparan sulfate/heparin (HS-GAG) metabolism pathway from the Reactome Pathways dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Heparin Cofactor Ii Deficiency (Disorder) in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2023

genes participating in the cellular response to heparin biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2023

genes participating in the heparin biosynthetic process biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2023

genes participating in the heparin catabolic process biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2023

genes participating in the response to heparin biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2023

genes participating in the heparin metabolic process biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.

From Reactome Pathways 2024

proteins participating in the Heparan sulfate/heparin (HS-GAG) metabolism pathway from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2025

genes participating in the cellular response to heparin biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2025

genes participating in the heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2025

genes participating in the heparin proteoglycan catabolic process biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2025

genes participating in the response to heparin biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2025

genes participating in the heparin proteoglycan metabolic process biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 dataset.

From DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025

genes co-occuring with the disease Heparin cofactor II deficiency in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From KEGG Pathways 2026

proteins participating in the Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - heparan sulfate / heparin pathway from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the HEPARIN drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the 2-O, 3-O DESULFATED HEPARIN drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the HEPARIN CALCIUM drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the HEPARIN SODIUM drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.