Harmonizome 3.0

phosphatase and actin regulator 4

This gene encodes a member of the phosphatase and actin regulator (PHACTR) family. Other PHACTR family members have been shown to inhibit protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, and the homolog of this gene in the mouse has been shown to interact with actin and PP1. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatase and actin regulator 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phosphatase and actin regulator family of proteins. This family member can bind actin and regulate the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. It plays a role in tubule formation and in endothelial cell survival. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease and cervical artery dissection. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

phosphatase and actin regulator 3

This gene encodes a member of the phosphatase and actin regulator protein family. The encoded protein is associated with the nuclear scaffold in proliferating cells, and binds to actin and the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1, suggesting that it functions as a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

phosphatase and actin regulator 2

Predicted to enable actin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actin cytoskeleton organization. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane and platelet alpha granule membrane. Implicated in Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

coronin, actin binding protein, 1A pseudogene

actin, beta pseudogene 8

actin, beta pseudogene 9

actin, beta pseudogene 3

actin, beta pseudogene 4

actin, beta pseudogene 6

actin, beta pseudogene 7

actin, beta pseudogene

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 5

actin binding LIM protein 1

This gene encodes a LIM zinc-binding domain-containing protein that binds to actin filaments and mediates interactions between actin and cytoplasmic targets. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]

actin binding LIM protein family, member 3

This gene encodes a member of the actin-binding LIM (abLIM) family of proteins. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal LIM domain and a C-terminal dematin-like domain. The encoded protein interacts with actin filaments and may be a component of adherens junctions in several cell types. A variant of this gene may be associated with pain sensitivity in male human patients. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

actin binding LIM protein family, member 2

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity. Predicted to be involved in lamellipodium assembly. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in actin cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog B (yeast)

This gene encodes a member of the actin-related proteins (ARP), which form multiprotein complexes and share 35-55% amino acid identity with conventional actin. The protein encoded by this gene may have a regulatory role in the actin cytoskeleton and induce cell-shape change and motility. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 2, 4, 10, 16, 22 and Y. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily c, member 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and contains a predicted leucine zipper motif typical of many transcription factors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily c, member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and contains a predicted leucine zipper motif typical of many transcription factors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

xin actin binding repeat containing 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a striated muscle protein and belongs to the Xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein (XIRP) family. The protein functions to protect actin filaments during depolymerization. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

xin actin binding repeat containing 2

Enables actin filament binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actin filament organization and regulation of actin filament organization. Predicted to act upstream of or within cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis; cell-cell junction organization; and ventricular septum development. Located in focal adhesion and stress fiber. Implicated in depressive disorder. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin-related protein 2 pseudogene

BRICK1, SCAR/WAVE actin-nucleating complex subunit pseudogene 2

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 3

This gene encodes an actin capping protein, one of the F-actin capping protein alpha subunit family. The encoded protein is predominantly localized to the neck region of ejaculated sperm, other immunohistochemical signals were found in the tail and postacrosomal regions. The encoded protein may also form heterodimers of alpha and beta subunits. This protein may be important in determining sperm architecture and male fertility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the F-actin capping protein alpha subunit family. It is the alpha subunit of the barbed-end actin binding protein Cap Z. By capping the barbed end of actin filaments, Cap Z regulates the growth of the actin filaments at the barbed end. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 1

CAPZA1 is a member of the F-actin capping protein alpha subunit family. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the barbed-end actin binding protein. The protein regulates growth of the actin filament by capping the barbed end of growing actin filaments. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 24

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 22

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 20

actin-related protein 3B-like

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5-like

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity. Predicted to be involved in Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation and cell migration. Located in extracellular exosome and focal adhesion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin filament associated protein 1-like 1

Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including actin cytoskeleton; anchoring junction; and cell projection. Predicted to be active in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin filament associated protein 1-like 2

Enables SH2 domain binding activity; SH3 domain binding activity; and protein tyrosine kinase activator activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; regulation of gene expression; and regulation of mitotic cell cycle. Located in cytosol and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin, beta-like 2 pseudogene

actin, beta pseudogene

actin, beta pseudogene

actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility. Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to four others. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family which is comprised of three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. Defects in this gene have been associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

spire-type actin nucleation factor 1

Spire proteins, such as SPIRE1, are highly conserved between species. They belong to the family of Wiskott-Aldrich homology region-2 (WH2) proteins, which are involved in actin organization (Kerkhoff et al., 2001 [PubMed 11747823]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

spire-type actin nucleation factor 2

Predicted to enable microtubule binding activity. Involved in establishment of meiotic spindle localization; formin-nucleated actin cable assembly; and positive regulation of double-strand break repair. Predicted to be located in cleavage furrow. Predicted to be active in cell cortex and cytoplasmic vesicle membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A pseudogene

actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A pseudogene

actin, beta pseudogene 1

actin, beta pseudogene 2

coronin, actin binding protein, 1C pseudogene

actin, beta pseudogene

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1A, 41kDa pseudogene

actin, beta pseudogene

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. The encoded protein, either alone or when in the SWI/SNF complex, can bind to 4-way junction DNA, which is thought to mimic the topology of DNA as it enters or exits the nucleosome. The protein contains a DNA-binding HMG domain, but disruption of this domain does not abolish the DNA-binding or nucleosome-displacement activities of the SWI/SNF complex. Unlike most of the SWI/SNF complex proteins, this protein has no yeast counterpart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actin-related protein 10 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Predicted to be involved in retrograde axonal transport of mitochondrion. Predicted to act upstream of or within microtubule-based movement. Predicted to be located in cytosol; extracellular region; and secretory granule. Predicted to be part of dynactin complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dematin actin binding protein

The protein encoded by this gene is an actin binding and bundling protein that plays a structural role in erythrocytes, by stabilizing and attaching the spectrin/actin cytoskeleton to the erythrocyte membrane in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. This protein contains a core domain in the N-terminus, and a headpiece domain in the C-terminus that binds F-actin. When purified from erythrocytes, this protein exists as a trimer composed of two 48 kDa polypeptides and a 52 kDa polypeptide. The different subunits arise from alternative splicing in the 3' coding region, where the headpiece domain is located. Disruption of this gene has been correlated with the autosomal dominant Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis disease, while loss of heterozygosity of this gene is thought to play a role in prostate cancer progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

ARP1 actin-related protein 1 homolog B, centractin beta (yeast)

This gene encodes a 42.3 kD subunit of dynactin, a macromolecular complex consisting of 10 subunits ranging in size from 22 to 150 kD. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein and is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. This subunit, like ACTR1A, is an actin-related protein. These two proteins, which are of equal length and share 90% amino acid identity, are present in a constant ratio of approximately 1:15 in the dynactin complex. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

ARP1 actin-related protein 1 homolog A, centractin alpha (yeast)

This gene encodes a 42.6 kD subunit of dynactin, a macromolecular complex consisting of 10-11 subunits ranging in size from 22 to 150 kD. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. It is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. This subunit is present in 8-13 copies per dynactin molecule, and is the most abundant molecule in the dynactin complex. It is an actin-related protein, and is approximately 60% identical at the amino acid level to conventional actin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

twinfilin actin binding protein 1

This gene encodes twinfilin, an actin monomer-binding protein conserved from yeast to mammals. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this protein may be an actin monomer-binding protein, and its localization to cortical G-actin-rich structures may be regulated by the small GTPase RAC1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

twinfilin actin binding protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its interaction with the catalytic domain of protein kinase C-zeta. The encoded protein contains an actin-binding site and an ATP-binding site. It is most closely related to twinfilin (PTK9), a conserved actin monomer-binding protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 4, 20kDa

This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. This complex controls actin polymerization in cells and has been conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution. This gene encodes the p20 subunit, which is necessary for actin nucleation and high-affinity binding to F-actin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Naturally occurring read-through transcription exists between this gene and the downstream tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 3 (TTLL3), which results in the production of a fusion protein. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 3 pseudogene 4

ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog C (yeast)

Predicted to enable ATP binding activity and actin binding activity. Predicted to contribute to actin filament binding activity. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin, beta

This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. The encoded protein is a major constituent of the contractile apparatus and one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins that are ubiquitously expressed. Mutations in this gene cause Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1, which is characterized by intellectual disability with a distinctive facial appearance in human patients. Numerous pseudogenes of this gene have been identified throughout the human genome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 23

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 21

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 2 pseudogene

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 18

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 10

BRICK1, SCAR/WAVE actin-nucleating complex subunit pseudogene

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, beta

This gene encodes the beta subunit of the barbed-end actin binding protein, which belongs to the F-actin capping protein family. The capping protein is a heterodimeric actin capping protein that blocks actin filament assembly and disassembly at the fast growing (barbed) filament ends and functions in regulating actin filament dynamics as well as in stabilizing actin filament lengths in muscle and nonmuscle cells. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 2. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

actin, beta pseudogene

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 1 pseudogene

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1A, 41kDa pseudogene

actin binding Rho activating protein

Predicted to enable actin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actin cytoskeleton organization; positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription and protein import into nucleus. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex that relieves repressive chromatin structures, allowing the transcriptional machinery to access its targets more effectively. The encoded nuclear protein may also bind to and enhance the DNA joining activity of HIV-1 integrase. This gene has been found to be a tumor suppressor, and mutations in it have been associated with malignant rhabdoid tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

ARP2 actin-related protein 2 homolog (yeast) pseudogene

coactosin-like F-actin binding protein 1

This gene encodes one of the numerous actin-binding proteins which regulate the actin cytoskeleton. This protein binds F-actin, and also interacts with 5-lipoxygenase, which is the first committed enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis. Although this gene has been reported to map to chromosome 17 in the Smith-Magenis syndrome region, the best alignments for this gene are to chromosome 16. The Smith-Magenis syndrome region is the site of two related pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

WAS protein homolog associated with actin, golgi membranes and microtubules

This gene encodes a protein that plays a role in actin nucleation, Golgi membrane association and microtubule binding. The encoded protein is a nucleation-promoting factor that regulates the Actin-related protein 2/3 complex. The activated complex initiates growth of new actin filaments by binding to existing actin filaments. The encoded protein also functions in regulation of transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex and in maintenance of the Golgi complex near the centrosome. Four pseudogenes of this gene are present on the same arm of chromosome 15 as this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

coronin, actin binding protein, 2B

Enables talin binding activity and vinculin binding activity. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion; regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization; and regulation of establishment of protein localization. Located in focal adhesion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

coronin, actin binding protein, 2A

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This protein contains 5 WD repeats, and has a structural similarity with actin-binding proteins: the D. discoideum coronin and the human p57 protein, suggesting that this protein may also be an actin-binding protein that regulates cell motility. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 1 pseudogene

actin-related protein 3B-like

capping protein (actin filament), gelsolin-like

This gene encodes a member of the gelsolin/villin family of actin-regulatory proteins. The encoded protein reversibly blocks the barbed ends of F-actin filaments in a Ca2+ and phosphoinositide-regulated manner, but does not sever preformed actin filaments. By capping the barbed ends of actin filaments, the encoded protein contributes to the control of actin-based motility in non-muscle cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 3

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 2

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 6

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 4

ARP8 actin-related protein 8 homolog (yeast)

Predicted to enable ATP binding activity. Involved in several processes, including chromatin remodeling; regulation of chromosome organization; and regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process. Located in centrosome and nucleoplasm. Part of Ino80 complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ARP6 actin-related protein 6 homolog (yeast)

Predicted to enable nucleosome binding activity. Involved in nucleolus organization. Located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ARP5 actin-related protein 5 homolog (yeast)

Involved in several processes, including DNA repair; chromatin remodeling; and regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Part of Ino80 complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog (yeast)

The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, the protein it encodes is known to be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

ARP2 actin-related protein 2 homolog (yeast)

The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, the protein it encodes is known to be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

fascin actin-bundling protein 1 pseudogene 1

actin-like protein (ACT) gene

actin-like 7B

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of actin-related proteins (ARPs) which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have an actin fold, which is an ATP-binding cleft, as a common feature. The ARPs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including vesicular transport, spindle orientation, nuclear migration and chromatin remodeling. This gene (ACTL7B), and related gene, ACTL7A, are intronless, and are located approximately 4 kb apart in a head-to-head orientation within the familial dysautonomia candidate region on 9q31. Based on mutational analysis of the ACTL7B gene in patients with this disorder, it was concluded that it is unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of dysautonomia. Unlike ACTL7A, the ACTL7B gene is expressed predominantly in the testis, however, its exact function is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actin-like 7A

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of actin-related proteins (ARPs) which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have an actin fold, which is an ATP-binding cleft, as a common feature. The ARPs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including vesicular transport, spindle orientation, nuclear migration and chromatin remodeling. This gene (ACTL7A), and related gene, ACTL7B, are intronless, and are located approximately 4 kb apart in a head-to-head orientation within the familial dysautonomia candidate region on 9q31. Based on mutational analysis of the ACTL7A gene in patients with this disorder, it was concluded that it is unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of dysautonomia. The ACTL7A gene is expressed in a wide variety of adult tissues, however, its exact function is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

fascin actin-bundling protein 3, testicular

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actin filament bundle assembly; cell migration; and establishment or maintenance of cell polarity. Predicted to be located in cytoskeleton. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including lamellipodium; microvillus; and ruffle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

fascin actin-bundling protein 2, retinal

This gene encodes a member of the fascin protein family. Fascins crosslink actin into filamentous bundles within dynamic cell extensions. This family member is proposed to play a role in photoreceptor disk morphogenesis. A mutation in this gene results in one form of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

fascin actin-bundling protein 1

This gene encodes a member of the fascin family of actin-binding proteins. Fascin proteins organize F-actin into parallel bundles, and are required for the formation of actin-based cellular protrusions. The encoded protein plays a critical role in cell migration, motility, adhesion and cellular interactions. Expression of this gene is known to be regulated by several microRNAs, and overexpression of this gene may play a role in the metastasis of multiple types of cancer by increasing cell motility. Expression of this gene is also a marker for Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

actin-related protein 2/3 complex inhibitor

Involved in directional locomotion; negative regulation of cell migration; and negative regulation of cellular component organization. Predicted to be located in lamellipodium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin, beta-like 2

Predicted to enable protein kinase binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton. Predicted to be involved in axonogenesis and cell motility. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin, beta pseudogene 12

actin, beta pseudogene 13

actin, beta pseudogene 10

actin, beta pseudogene 11

coronin, actin binding protein, 1B

Members of the coronin family, such as CORO1B, are WD repeat-containing actin-binding proteins that regulate cell motility (Cai et al., 2005 [PubMed 16027158]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

coronin, actin binding protein, 1C

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013]

coronin, actin binding protein, 1A

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been defined on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 1 pseudogene

microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1

This gene encodes a large protein containing numerous spectrin and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. The encoded protein is a member of a family of proteins that form bridges between different cytoskeletal elements. This protein facilitates actin-microtubule interactions at the cell periphery and couples the microtubule network to cellular junctions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

TRIO and F-actin-binding protein-like

BRICK1, SCAR/WAVE actin-nucleating complex subunit

Enables identical protein binding activity. Contributes to small GTPase binding activity. Involved in Rac protein signal transduction and positive regulation of cellular component organization. Located in extracellular exosome. Part of SCAR complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 1 pseudogene

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 1 pseudogene

actin filament associated protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a Src binding partner. It may represent a potential modulator of actin filament integrity in response to cellular signals, and may function as an adaptor protein by linking Src family members and/or other signaling proteins to actin filaments. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

actin pseudogene

destrin (actin depolymerizing factor) pseudogene 3

destrin (actin depolymerizing factor) pseudogene 2

destrin (actin depolymerizing factor) pseudogene 1

destrin (actin depolymerizing factor) pseudogene 5

destrin (actin depolymerizing factor) pseudogene 4

kaptin (actin binding protein)

This gene encodes a filamentous-actin-associated protein, which is involved in actin dynamics and plays an important role in neuromorphogenesis. This protein is part of the KICSTOR protein complex that localizes to lysosomes. Mutations in this gene result in an autosomal recessive form of intellectual disability. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

LIM domain and actin binding 1

This gene encodes a cytoskeleton-associated protein that inhibits actin filament depolymerization and cross-links filaments in bundles. It is downregulated in some cancer cell lines. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, and expression of some of the variants maybe independently regulated. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and has sequence similarity to the yeast Swp73 protein. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and has sequence similarity to the yeast Swp73 protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and has sequence similarity to the yeast Swp73 protein. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1B, 41kDa

This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. This subunit is a member of the SOP2 family of proteins and is most similar to the protein encoded by gene ARPC1A. The similarity between these two proteins suggests that they both may function as p41 subunit of the human Arp2/3 complex that has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells. It is possible that the p41 subunit is involved in assembling and maintaining the structure of the Arp2/3 complex. Multiple versions of the p41 subunit may adapt the functions of the complex to different cell types or developmental stages. This protein also has a role in centrosomal homeostasis by being an activator and substrate of the Aurora A kinase. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1A, 41kDa

This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. This subunit is a member of the SOP2 family of proteins and is most similar to the protein encoded by gene ARPC1B. The similarity between these two proteins suggests that they both may function as p41 subunit of the human Arp2/3 complex that has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells. It is possible that the p41 subunit is involved in assembling and maintaining the structure of the Arp2/3 complex. Multiple versions of the p41 subunit may adapt the functions of the complex to different cell types or developmental stages. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein shows sequence similarity to the E. coli RNA polymerase-binding protein HepA. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (SIOD), an autosomal recessive disorder with the diagnostic features of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, renal dysfunction, and T-cell immunodeficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actin gamma 1

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and in maintenance of the cytoskeleton. Three main groups of actin isoforms have been identified in vertebrate animals: alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility. Actin gamma 1, encoded by this gene, is a cytoplasmic actin found in all cell types. Mutations in this gene are associated with DFNA20/26, a subtype of autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural progressive hearing loss and also with Baraitser-Winter syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and in the maintenance of the cytoskeleton. Three types of actins, alpha, beta and gamma, have been identified in vertebrates. Alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility. This gene encodes actin gamma 2; a smooth muscle actin found in enteric tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Based on similarity to peptide cleavage of related actins, the mature protein of this gene is formed by removal of two N-terminal peptides.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

nexilin (F actin binding protein)

This gene encodes a filamentous actin-binding protein that may function in cell adhesion and migration. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, also known as CMD1CC. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 19

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 11

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 17

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 16

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 15

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 14

SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, containing DEAD/H box 1

This gene encodes a member of the SNF subfamily of helicase proteins. The encoded protein plays a critical role in the restoration of heterochromatin organization and propagation of epigenetic patterns following DNA replication by mediating histone H3/H4 deacetylation. Mutations in this gene are associated with adermatoglyphia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

WAS protein homolog associated with actin, golgi membranes and microtubules pseudogene

SAC1 suppressor of actin mutations 1-like (yeast)

This gene encodes an integral membrane protein, which is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, and functions as a phosphoinositide phosphatase that hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. Deletion of this gene in mouse results in preimplantation lethality. Other studies suggest that this gene is also involved in the organization of golgi membranes and mitotic spindles. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. A C-terminally extended isoform is also predicted to be produced by the use of an alternative in-frame, downstream translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 7

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 6

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 4

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 3

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 2

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 1

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 9

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 8

actin, beta pseudogene 14

coactosin-like F-actin binding protein 1 pseudogene 1

coactosin-like F-actin binding protein 1 pseudogene 2

actin-related protein T1

This gene encodes a protein related to the cytoskeletal protein beta-actin. This protein is a major component of the calyx in the perinuclear theca of mammalian sperm heads, and it therefore likely functions in spermatid formation. This gene is intronless and is similar to a related gene located on chromosome 1. A related pseudogene has also been identified approximately 75 kb downstream of this gene on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

actin-related protein T2

The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the actin family. Studies have shown that this protein may be involved in cytoskeletal organization similar to other cytoplasmic actin-related protein (ARP) subfamily members. Antibody raised against the human protein has been used to detect the protein by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy, demonstrating its specific synthesis in the testis, late in spermatid differentiation, and its localization in the calyx. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actin-related protein T3

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; and male germ cell nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphatase and actin regulator 2 pseudogene 1

actin-like 9

Predicted to enable protein kinase binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton. Involved in acrosome assembly and fertilization. Located in acrosomal vesicle; perinuclear theca; and sperm head. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 53. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin-like 8

Involved in epithelial cell differentiation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and cytoskeleton. Predicted to be active in actin filament; stress fiber; and striated muscle thin filament. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin-like 10

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 1

actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle

The product encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actins being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. This actin is an alpha actin that is found in skeletal muscle. Mutations in this gene cause a variety of myopathies, including nemaline myopathy, congenital myopathy with excess of thin myofilaments, congenital myopathy with cores, and congenital myopathy with fiber-type disproportion, diseases that lead to muscle fiber defects with manifestations such as hypotonia. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2019]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 1

This gene encodes a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins. The encoded protein is an ATPase which is expressed in diverse tissues and contributes to the chromatin remodeling complex that is involved in transcription. The protein may also play a role in DNA damage, growth inhibition and apoptosis of cancer cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins and is highly similar to the brahma protein of Drosophila. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, which contains a trinucleotide repeat (CAG) length polymorphism. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins and is similar to the brahma protein of Drosophila. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. In addition, this protein can bind BRCA1, as well as regulate the expression of the tumorigenic protein CD44. Mutations in this gene cause rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome type 2. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the chromatin remodeling and spacing factor RSF, a facilitator of the transcription of class II genes by RNA polymerase II. The encoded protein is similar in sequence to the Drosophila ISWI chromatin remodeling protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

anillin, actin binding protein

This gene encodes an actin-binding protein that plays a role in cell growth and migration, and in cytokinesis. The encoded protein is thought to regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics in podocytes, components of the glomerulus. Mutations in this gene are associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 8. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 5 pseudogene

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 5 pseudogene

ARP1 actin-related protein 1 homolog A, centractin alpha (yeast) pseudogene

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 13

actin gamma 1 pseudogene 12

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 3, 21kDa

This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. The Arp2/3 protein complex has been conserved through evolution and is implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 2, 34kDa

This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. The Arp2/3 protein complex has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells and has been conserved through evolution. The exact role of the protein encoded by this gene, the p34 subunit, has yet to be determined. Two alternatively spliced variants have been characterized to date. Additional alternatively spliced variants have been described but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5, 16kDa

This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. The Arp2/3 protein complex has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells and has been conserved through evolution. The exact role of the protein encoded by this gene, the p16 subunit, has yet to be determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

actin-related protein T1 pseudogene

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 3 pseudogene 2

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 3 pseudogene 3

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 3 pseudogene 1

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 3 pseudogene 5

TRIO and F-actin binding protein

This gene encodes a protein with an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a C-terminal coiled-coil region. The protein interacts with trio, which is involved with neural tissue development and controlling actin cytoskeleton organization, cell motility and cell growth. The protein also associates with F-actin and stabilizes F-actin structures. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a form of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that would encode different isoforms have been found for this gene, however some transcripts may be subject to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1A, 41kDa pseudogene

destrin (actin depolymerizing factor)

The product of this gene belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. This family of proteins is responsible for enhancing the turnover rate of actin in vivo. This gene encodes the actin depolymerizing protein that severs actin filaments (F-actin) and binds to actin monomers (G-actin). Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actin-like 6A

This gene encodes a family member of actin-related proteins (ARPs), which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have an actin fold, which is an ATP-binding cleft, as a common feature. The ARPs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including vesicular transport, spindle orientation, nuclear migration and chromatin remodeling. This gene encodes a 53 kDa subunit protein of the BAF (BRG1/brm-associated factor) complex in mammals, which is functionally related to SWI/SNF complex in S. cerevisiae and Drosophila; the latter is thought to facilitate transcriptional activation of specific genes by antagonizing chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression. Together with beta-actin, it is required for maximal ATPase activity of BRG1, and for the association of the BAF complex with chromatin/matrix. Three transcript variants that encode two different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actin-like 6B

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of actin-related proteins (ARPs) which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have an actin fold, which is an ATP-binding cleft, as a common feature. The ARPs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including vesicular transport, spindle orientation, nuclear migration and chromatin remodeling. This gene encodes a subunit of the BAF (BRG1/brm-associated factor) complex in mammals, which is functionally related to SWI/SNF complex in S. cerevisiae and Drosophila; the latter is thought to facilitate transcriptional activation of specific genes by antagonizing chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression. This subunit may be involved in the regulation of genes by structural modulation of their chromatin, specifically in the brain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

WAS protein homolog associated with actin, golgi membranes and microtubules pseudogene 3

WAS protein homolog associated with actin, golgi membranes and microtubules pseudogene 2

WAS protein homolog associated with actin, golgi membranes and microtubules pseudogene 1

capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, beta pseudogene

actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta

This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. The encoded protein is a smooth muscle actin that is involved in vascular contractility and blood pressure homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, such as thoracic aortic disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, as well as multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric pseudogene

capping protein inhibiting regulator of actin dynamics

Involved in negative regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping. Predicted to be located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin binding transcription modulator

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity and actin monomer binding activity. Predicted to be involved in dendrite morphogenesis; regulation of actin filament polymerization; and regulation of filopodium assembly. Predicted to be located in growth cone. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including dendrite; filopodium tip; and lamellipodium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin maturation protease

Enables cysteine-type aminopeptidase activity and initiator methionyl aminopeptidase activity. Involved in protein processing. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

inka box actin regulator 1

Enables protein kinase binding activity and protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within neural tube development. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

inka box actin regulator 2

Enables protein kinase binding activity. Located in nucleolus and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

photoreceptor cilium actin regulator

The protein encoded by this gene is highly expressed in photoreceptors and may associate with the primary cilium of the outer segment. The encoded protein appears to undergo post-translational lipid modification. Nonsense and missense variants of this gene appear to cause a recessive form of retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]