Harmonizome 3.0

toll-like receptor 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. Studies in mice and human indicate that this receptor mediates cellular response to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA to mount an innate immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

BCL2-associated agonist of cell death

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BCL-2 family. BCL-2 family members are known to be regulators of programmed cell death. This protein positively regulates cell apoptosis by forming heterodimers with BCL-xL (B-cell lymphoma-extra large) and BCL-2, and reversing their death repressor activity. Proapoptotic activity of this protein is regulated through its phosphorylation. Protein kinases AKT and MAP kinase, as well as protein phosphatase calcineurin were found to be involved in the regulation of this protein. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2019]

BH3 interacting domain death agonist

This gene encodes a death agonist that heterodimerizes with either agonist BAX or antagonist BCL2, and thus regulate apoptosis. The encoded protein is a member of the BCL-2 family of cell death regulators. It is a mediator of mitochondrial damage induced by caspase-8 (CASP8); CASP8 cleaves this encoded protein, and the COOH-terminal part translocates to mitochondria where it triggers cytochrome c release. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3-like 1

This gene encodes a protein that is related to methyl-CpG-binding proteins but lacks the methyl-CpG binding domain. The protein is localized to discrete areas in the nucleus, and expression appears to be restricted to round spermatids, suggesting that the protein plays a role in the postmeiotic stages of male germ cell development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3-like 2

This gene encodes a protein that is related to methyl-CpG-binding proteins but lacks the methyl-CpG binding domain. The protein has been found in germ cell tumors and some somatic tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3-like 3

Predicted to enable methyl-CpG binding activity. Predicted to be involved in DNA methylation-dependent constitutive heterochromatin formation and negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3-like 4

This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that are related to methyl-CpG-binding proteins but lack the methyl-CpG binding domain. There is no definitive support for transcription of this locus, and the transcript structure is inferred from other family members. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3-like 5

Predicted to enable methyl-CpG binding activity. Predicted to be involved in DNA methylation-dependent constitutive heterochromatin formation and negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

methyl CpG binding protein 2

DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 comprise a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MECP2, MBD1 and MBD2 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. In contrast to other MBD family members, MECP2 is X-linked and subject to X inactivation. MECP2 is dispensible in stem cells, but is essential for embryonic development. MECP2 gene mutations are the cause of most cases of Rett syndrome, a progressive neurologic developmental disorder and one of the most common causes of cognitive disability in females. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 5

This gene encodes a member of the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) family. The MBD consists of about 70 residues and is the minimal region required for a methyl-CpG-binding protein binding specifically to methylated DNA. In addition to the MBD domain, this protein contains a PWWP domain (Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro motif), which consists of 100-150 amino acids and is found in numerous proteins that are involved in cell division, growth and differentiation. Mutations in this gene cause an autosomal dominant type of cognitive disability. The encoded protein interacts with the polycomb repressive complex PR-DUB which catalyzes the deubiquitination of a lysine residue of histone 2A. Haploinsufficiency of this gene is associated with a syndrome involving microcephaly, intellectual disabilities, severe speech impairment, and seizures. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their full-length nature is not determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). These proteins are capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA, and some members can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. This protein contains an MBD domain at the N-terminus that functions both in binding to methylated DNA and in protein interactions and a C-terminal mismatch-specific glycosylase domain that is involved in DNA repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 6

Enables chromatin binding activity. Located in chromocenter; fibrillar center; and nucleoplasm. Implicated in autism spectrum disorder. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). These proteins are capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA, and some members can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. This protein contains multiple domains: MBD at the N-terminus that functions both in binding to methylated DNA and in protein interactions; several CXXC-type zinc finger domains that mediate binding to non-methylated CpG dinucleotides; transcriptional repression domain (TRD) at the C-terminus that is involved in transcription repression and in protein interactions. Numerous alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3

DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. This gene belongs to a family of nuclear proteins which are characterized by the presence of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). The encoded protein is a subunit of the NuRD, a multisubunit complex containing nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase activities. Unlike the other family members, the encoded protein is not capable of binding to methylated DNA. The protein mediates the association of metastasis-associated protein 2 with the core histone deacetylase complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2

DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 comprise a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MECP2, MBD1 and MBD2 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. The protein encoded by this gene may function as a mediator of the biological consequences of the methylation signal. It is also reported that the this protein functions as a demethylase to activate transcription, as DNA methylation causes gene silencing. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3-like 2

Predicted to enable methyl-CpG binding activity. Predicted to be involved in DNA methylation-dependent constitutive heterochromatin formation and negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3 like 2B

Predicted to enable methyl-CpG binding activity. Predicted to be involved in DNA methylation-dependent constitutive heterochromatin formation and negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE TLR9 AGONIST DV281 drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations

genes co-occuring with the biological term oligodeoxynucleotide in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations

genes co-occuring with the biological term tlr9 in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions

interacting proteins for TLR9 from the Pathway Commons Protein-Protein Interactions dataset.

From Reactome Pathways 2014

proteins participating in the Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade pathway from the Reactome Pathways dataset.

From LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures

genes differentially expressed following the TLR9 gene perturbation from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset.

From Reactome Pathways 2024

proteins participating in the Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade pathway from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease beta-agonist dependence in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations

genes co-occuring with the biological term agonist in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015

genes performing the receptor agonist activity molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the BH3-interacting domain death agonist protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonist, reduced response to phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the [analgesia from kappa-opioid receptor agonist, female-specific] phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations

proteins co-occuring with the biological term agonist-induced in abstracts of publications describing phosphosites from the Phosphosite Textmining Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Increased Analgesia From Kappa-Opioid Receptor Agonist, Female-Specific (Disorder) in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the phenotype Impaired Thromboxane A2 Agonist-Induced Platelet Aggregation in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023

genes performing the death receptor agonist activity molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025

genes performing the death receptor agonist activity molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset.

From ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Increased analgesia from kappa-opioid receptor agonist phenotype from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Impaired thromboxane A2 agonist-induced platelet aggregation phenotype from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Childhood asthma exacerbations in long-acting beta2-agonist treatment phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the C3A RECEPTOR AGONIST drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the ALPHA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the RORC2 INVERSE AGONIST 66 [PMID: 30130103] drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the STING AGONIST 2 drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the STING AGONIST 3 drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the TLR AGONIST CADI-05 drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the TLR7 AGONIST 852A drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the TREM2 AGONIST 4I drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the TREM2 AGONIST C1 drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the TRPM8 AGONIST D-3263 drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical CpG ODN 1826 from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical CpG ODN 2006 from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical CPG-oligonucleotide from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease 5' cpg island hypermethylation in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations

genes co-occuring with the biological term cpg in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2015

genes participating in the hypomethylation of cpg island biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2015

genes participating in the hypermethylation of cpg island biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2015 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015

genes performing the methyl-cpg binding molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015

genes performing the unmethylated cpg binding molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015

genes performing the dna (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on cpg substrates molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2015 dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Methyl-CpG binding protein 2/3, C-terminal domain protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Methyl-CpG DNA binding protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the CpG binding protein, C-terminal protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 4 protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Methyl-CpG binding protein MeCP2 protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2023

genes participating in the negative regulation of gene expression via CpG island methylation biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2023

genes participating in the positive regulation of gene expression via CpG island demethylation biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023

genes performing the methyl-CpG binding molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023

genes performing the unmethylated CpG binding molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023

genes performing the DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpG substrates molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2025

genes participating in the positive regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island demethylation biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 dataset.

From GO Biological Process Annotations 2025

genes participating in the negative regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island methylation biological process from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025

genes performing the methyl-CpG binding molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025

genes performing the unmethylated CpG binding molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset.

From GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025

genes performing the DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpG substrates molecular function from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the CPG 10101 drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.