Harmonizome 3.0

outer dynein arm docking complex subunit 1

This gene encodes a coiled-coil domain-containing protein that is a component of the outer dynein arm docking complex in cilia cells. Mutations in this gene may cause primary ciliary dyskinesia 20. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

outer dynein arm docking complex subunit 4

This gene encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat domain-containing protein that localizes to ciliary axonmenes and plays a role in the docking of the outer dynein arm to cilia. Mutations in this gene cause severely reduced ciliary motility and the disorder CILD35 (ciliary dyskinesia,primary, 35). Primary ciliary dyskinesia is often associated with recurrent respiratory infections, immotile spermatozoa, and situs inversus; an inversion in left-right body symmetry. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

outer dynein arm docking complex subunit 2

The protein encoded by this gene contains ten Armadillo repeat motifs (ARMs) and one HEAT repeat, and is thought to be involved in ciliary and flagellar movement. This protein has been shown to localize to the ciliary axonemes and at the ciliary base of respiratory cells. Studies indicate that mutations in this gene cause partial outer dynein arm (ODA) defects in respiratory cilia. The cilia of cells with mutations in this gene displayed either reduced ciliary beat frequency and amplitude, or, complete immotility. Some individuals with primary ciliary dyskensia (PCD) have been shown to have mutations in this gene. PCD is characterized by chronic airway disease and left/right body asymmetry defects. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

outer dynein arm docking complex subunit 3

This gene encodes a protein containing coiled-coil domains. The encoded protein functions in outer dynein arm assembly and is required for motile cilia function. Mutations in this gene result in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

distal membrane arm assembly component 2 like

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. This gene encodes the subunit s, also known as factor B, of the proton channel. This subunit is necessary for the energy transduction activity of the ATP synthase complexes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

distal membrane arm assembly component 2

Involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

distal membrane arm assembly component 1

Involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44 homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a peripheral membrane protein associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase, which functions in the import of proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane and into the mitochondrial matrix. The encoded protein mediates binding of mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 to the translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 (TIM23) complex. Expression of this gene is upregulated in kidney in a mouse model of diabetes. A mutation in this gene is associated with familial oncocytic thyroid carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

oligodendrocytic myelin paranodal and inner loop protein

Predicted to be involved in regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Located in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8B pseudogene 1

IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a protein involved in processing the signal peptide sequences used to direct mitochondrial proteins to the mitochondria. The encoded protein resides in the mitochondria and is one of the necessary proteins for the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase (IMP) complex. Two variants that encode the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17 homolog B (yeast) pseudogene 1

MpV17 mitochondrial inner membrane protein

This gene encodes a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is implicated in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the hepatocerebral form of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

inner centromere protein antigens 135/155kDa

In mammalian cells, 2 broad groups of centromere-interacting proteins have been described: constitutively binding centromere proteins and 'passenger,' or transiently interacting, proteins (reviewed by Choo, 1997). The constitutive proteins include CENPA (centromere protein A; MIM 117139), CENPB (MIM 117140), CENPC1 (MIM 117141), and CENPD (MIM 117142). The term 'passenger proteins' encompasses a broad collection of proteins that localize to the centromere during specific stages of the cell cycle (Earnshaw and Mackay, 1994 [PubMed 8088460]). These include CENPE (MIM 117143); MCAK (MIM 604538); KID (MIM 603213); cytoplasmic dynein (e.g., MIM 600112); CliPs (e.g., MIM 179838); and CENPF/mitosin (MIM 600236). The inner centromere proteins (INCENPs) (Earnshaw and Cooke, 1991 [PubMed 1860899]), the initial members of the passenger protein group, display a broad localization along chromosomes in the early stages of mitosis but gradually become concentrated at centromeres as the cell cycle progresses into mid-metaphase. During telophase, the proteins are located within the midbody in the intercellular bridge, where they are discarded after cytokinesis (Cutts et al., 1999 [PubMed 10369859]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 homolog B (yeast)

FXC1, or TIMM10B, belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are organized in heterooligomeric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. These proteins mediate the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 50 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a subunit of the TIM23 inner mitochondrial membrane translocase complex. The encoded protein functions as the receptor subunit that recognizes the mitochondrial targeting signal, or presequence, on protein cargo that is destined for the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix. This protein may also play a role in maintaining the membrane permeability barrier, and knockdown of this gene in human cells results in the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1 pseudogene 4

IMP1 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 1

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8 homolog A (yeast)

This translocase is involved in the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The gene is mutated in Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome/Deafness Dystonia Syndrome (MTS/DDS) and it is postulated that MTS/DDS is a mitochondrial disease caused by a defective mitochondrial protein import system. Defects in this gene also cause Jensen syndrome; an X-linked disease with opticoacoustic nerve atrophy and muscle weakness. This protein, along with TIMM13, forms a 70 kDa heterohexamer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8 homolog B (yeast)

This gene encodes a member of a well-conserved family of proteins with similarity to yeast Tim mitochondrial import proteins. This gene is encoded by a nuclear gene and is transported into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. When formed into complexes, these proteins guide membrane-spanning proteins across the mitochondrial intermembrane space before they are added into the mitochondrial inner membrane. This gene is adjacent to succinate dehydrogenase, subunit D (SDHD), in which mutations have been found in affected members of families with hereditary paraganglioma.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane domain containing 1

Predicted to be involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in mitochondrion and nucleoplasm. Implicated in nuclear type mitochondrial complex I deficiency 31. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 9 homolog (yeast)

TIMM9 belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are organized in heterooligomeric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. These proteins mediate the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1 pseudogene 3

mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1 pseudogene 2

mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1 pseudogene 1

mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1

Involved in cristae formation. Located in mitochondrion. Part of MIB complex; MICOS complex; and SAM complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

inner membrane protein, mitochondrial

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in cristae formation. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. Part of MICOS complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

inner membrane protein, mitochondrial (mitofilin) pseudogene 1

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 homolog (yeast)

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that mediates the transport of transit peptide-containing proteins across the membrane. Multiple transcript variants, one protein-coding and others not protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 22 homolog (yeast)

Multipass transmembrane proteins are brought into mitochondria and inserted into the mitochondrial inner membrane by way of the TIM22 complex. This complex has six subunits and is a twin-pore translocase. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of TIM22 and represents the voltage-activated and signal-gated channel. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17 homolog B (yeast)

This gene encodes a multipass transmembrane protein that forms an integral component of the mitochondrial translocase TIM23 complex. This complex facilitates the transport of mitochondrial proteins from the cytosol across the mitochondrial inner membrane and into the mitochondrion. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17 homolog A (yeast)

Predicted to contribute to protein transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in protein import into mitochondrial matrix. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane and nucleoplasm. Part of TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IMP1 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae)

The mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase (IMP) complex generates mature, active proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space by proteolytically removing the mitochondrial targeting presequence of nuclear-encoded proteins. IMP1 and IMP2 (IMMP2L; MIM 605977) are the catalytic subunits of the IMP complex (Burri et al., 2005 [PubMed 15814844]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2008]

transmembrane inner ear

This gene encodes a transmembrane inner ear protein. Studies in mouse suggest that this gene is required for normal postnatal maturation of sensory hair cells in the cochlea, including correct development of stereocilia bundles. This gene is one of multiple genes responsible for recessive non-syndromic deafness (DFNB), also known as autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL), the most common form of congenitally acquired inherited hearing impairment. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8B pseudogene 2

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 13 homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a member of the evolutionarily conserved TIMM (translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane) family of proteins that function as chaperones in the import of proteins from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Proteins of this family play a role in collecting substrate proteins from the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex and delivering them to either the sorting and assembly machinery in the outer mitochondrial membrane (SAM) complex or the TIMM22 complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein and the translocase of mitochondrial inner membrane 8a protein form a 70 kDa complex in the intermembrane space. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 homolog (yeast)

The mitochondrial protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are organized in heterooligomeric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. These proteins mediate the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane, functioning as intermembrane space chaperones for the highly insoluble carrier proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 21 homolog (yeast)

Involved in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly; mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly; and protein import into mitochondrial matrix. Located in mitochondrion. Part of TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IMP1 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 2

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8 homolog A (yeast) pseudogene 1

mitochondrial inner membrane protease subunit 1 pseudogene

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 homolog B (yeast)

Predicted to enable protein transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in protein import into mitochondrial matrix. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 29

Enables protein transporter activity. Involved in protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane and mitochondrial intermembrane space. Part of TIM22 mitochondrial import inner membrane insertion complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sperm microtubule inner protein 3

ciliary microtubule inner protein 3

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in visual perception. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sperm microtubule inner protein 8

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; and motile cilium. Predicted to be active in axonemal A tubule inner sheath and sperm flagellum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ciliary microtubule inner protein 7

ciliary microtubule inner protein 2C

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Located in axonemal microtubule. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ciliary microtubule inner protein 4

Predicted to be located in sperm flagellum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ciliary microtubule inner protein 2A

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Located in ciliary basal body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sperm microtubule inner protein 6

This gene encodes a nuclear- or perinuclear-localized protein with no predicted domains or similarity to other known proteins. Expression of this gene is induced during the differentiation of bronchial epithelial cells, and the encoded protein may play a role in ciliogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

ciliary microtubule inner protein 1

Located in cilium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sperm microtubule inner protein 2

sperm microtubule inner protein 9

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sperm microtubule inner protein 7

Predicted to be involved in spermatogenesis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sperm microtubule inner protein 5

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including cytoskeleton; motile cilium; and nucleus. Predicted to be active in axonemal A tubule inner sheath and sperm flagellum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sperm microtubule inner protein 10

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; and motile cilium. Predicted to be active in axonemal B tubule inner sheath and sperm flagellum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sperm microtubule inner protein 1

sperm microtubule inner protein 11

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; and sperm flagellum. Predicted to be active in axonemal A tubule inner sheath. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ciliary microtubule inner protein 2B

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Located in axonemal microtubule. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sperm microtubule inner protein 4

mitochondrial inner membrane scaffold 2

mitochondrial inner membrane scaffold 1

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

manchette microtubule inner protein 1

Predicted to be involved in actin filament organization and cell migration. Located in nucleoplasm and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mitochondrial inner membrane subdomain organizer 1

Involved in negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade and regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity. Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein regulatory complex subunit 7

Predicted to be involved in sperm axoneme assembly. Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein regulatory complex subunit 1

This gene encodes a central component of the nexin-dynein complex (N-DRC), which regulates the assembly of ciliary dynein. Mutations in this gene can cause ciliary dyskinesia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

dynein, cytoplasmic 1, intermediate chain 1

Enables spectrin binding activity. Involved in vesicle transport along microtubule. Located in several cellular components, including kinetochore; recycling endosome; and spindle pole. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein, cytoplasmic 1, intermediate chain 2

This gene encodes a member of the dynein intermediate chain family. The encoded protein is a non-catalytic component of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex, which acts as a retrograde microtubule motor to transport organelles and vesicles. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

dynein assembly factor with WDR repeat domains 1

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Predicted to be involved in protein polyubiquitination. Predicted to act upstream of with a positive effect on outer dynein arm assembly. Predicted to act upstream of or within with a positive effect on intraciliary transport. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including cerebrospinal fluid circulation; determination of left/right symmetry; and heart development. Predicted to be located in ciliary basal body. Predicted to be part of SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Implicated in primary ciliary dyskinesia. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 1

This gene encodes a component of the motor complex, cytoplasmic dynein, which transports cellular cargo along microtubules in the cell. The encoded protein regulates the length of primary cilia which are sensory organelles found on the surface of cells. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with viral proteins, like the minor capsid protein L2 of human papillomavirus, and is required for dynein-mediated delivery of the viral nucleic acid to the host nucleus. This protein interacts with oncogenic nucleoporins to disrupt gene regulation and cause leukemic transformation. Pseudogenes of this gene are present on chromosomes 4 and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 3

This gene encodes a member of a subclass of dynein light chains. The encoded protein homodimerizes and forms the light chain component of the cytoplasmic dynein motor protein complex. This protein may be important for binding dynein to specific cargos including the spindle checkpoint protein BUB3. This protein may also function independently of dynein as a transcriptional modulator. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 2 and 20.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

dynein, light chain, LC8-type 1

Cytoplasmic dyneins are large enzyme complexes with a molecular mass of about 1,200 kD. They contain two force-producing heads formed primarily from dynein heavy chains, and stalks linking the heads to a basal domain, which contains a varying number of accessory intermediate chains. The complex is involved in intracellular transport and motility. The protein described in this record is a light chain and exists as part of this complex but also physically interacts with and inhibits the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Binding of this protein destabilizes the neuronal nitric oxide synthase dimer, a conformation necessary for activity, and it may regulate numerous biologic processes through its effects on nitric oxide synthase activity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

dynein, light chain, LC8-type 2

Predicted to enable dynein intermediate chain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule-based process. Located in 9+0 non-motile cilium and centrosome. Is active in glutamatergic synapse and postsynapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein, light chain, LC8-type 1 pseudogene 2

dynein, light chain, LC8-type 1 pseudogene 3

dynein, light chain, LC8-type 1 pseudogene 1

dynein, light chain, LC8-type 1 pseudogene 6

dynein, light chain, LC8-type 1 pseudogene 7

dynein, light chain, LC8-type 1 pseudogene 4

dynein, cytoplasmic 2, light intermediate chain 1

This gene encodes a protein that is a component of the dynein-2 microtubule motor protein complex that plays a role in the retrograde transport of cargo in primary cilia via the intraflagellar transport system. This gene is ubiquitously expressed and its protein, which localizes to the axoneme and Golgi apparatus, interacts directly with the cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 protein to form part of the multi-protein dynein-2 complex. Mutations in this gene produce defects in the dynein-2 complex which result in several types of ciliopathy including short-rib thoracic dysplasia 15 with polydactyly (SRTD15). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

dynein, axonemal, assembly factor 5 pseudodgene

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 14

Dyneins are microtubule-associated motor protein complexes composed of several heavy, light, and intermediate chains. Two major classes of dyneins, axonemal and cytoplasmic, have been identified. DNAH14 is an axonemal dynein heavy chain (DHC) (Vaughan et al., 1996 [PubMed 8812413]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 17

Dyneins are microtubule-associated motor protein complexes composed of several heavy, light, and intermediate chains. DNAH17 is a heavy chain associated with axonemal dynein (Milisav and Affara, 1998 [PubMed 9545504]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 10

Dyneins are microtubule-associated motor protein complexes composed of several heavy, light, and intermediate chains. The axonemal dyneins, found in cilia and flagella, are components of the outer and inner dynein arms attached to the peripheral microtubule doublets. DNAH10 is an inner arm dynein heavy chain (Maiti et al., 2000 [PubMed 11175280]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 12

Predicted to enable several functions, including ATP binding activity; ATP hydrolysis activity; and dynein intermediate chain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule-based movement. Predicted to be located in axoneme and microtubule. Predicted to be part of axonemal dynein complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein, cytoplasmic 1, light intermediate chain 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to light intermediate subunit family, whose members are components of the multiprotein cytoplasmic dynein complex, which is involved in intracellular trafficking and chromosome segregation during mitosis. The protein plays a role in moving the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) from kinetochores to spindle poles. The protein may also mediate binding to other cargo molecules to facilitate intracellular vesicle trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

dynein, cytoplasmic 1, light intermediate chain 2

Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule-associated motor protein (Hughes et al., 1995 [PubMed 7738094]). See DYNC1H1 (MIM 600112) for general information about dyneins.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 1 pseudogene

dynein, cytoplasmic 1, intermediate chain 2 pseudogene 1

dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 3 pseudogene 1

dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 3 pseudogene 2

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 1

This gene encodes an inner dynein arm heavy chain that provides structural support between the radial spokes and the outer doublet of the sperm tail. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia and multiple morphological anomalies of the flagella that result in asthenozoospermia and male infertility. Mice with a homozygous knockout of the orthologous gene are viable but have reduced sperm motility and are infertile. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 6

This gene belongs to the dynein family, whose members encode large proteins that are constituents of the microtubule-associated motor protein complex. This complex is composed of dynein heavy, intermediate and light chains, which can be axonemal or cytoplasmic. This protein is an axonemal dynein heavy chain. It is involved in producing force for ciliary beating by using energy from ATP hydrolysis. Mutations in this gene may cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) as well as heterotaxy. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 7

DNAH7 is a component of the inner dynein arm of ciliary axonemes (Zhang et al., 2002 [PubMed 11877439]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 5

This gene encodes a dynein protein, which is part of a microtubule-associated motor protein complex consisting of heavy, light, and intermediate chains. This protein is an axonemal heavy chain dynein. It functions as a force-generating protein with ATPase activity, whereby the release of ADP is thought to produce the force-producing power stroke. Mutations in this gene cause primary ciliary dyskinesia type 3, as well as Kartagener syndrome, which are both diseases due to ciliary defects. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 8

The protein encoded by this gene is a heavy chain of an axonemal dynein involved in sperm and respiratory cilia motility. Axonemal dyneins generate force through hydrolysis of ATP and binding to microtubules. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 9

This gene encodes the heavy chain subunit of axonemal dynein, a large multi-subunit molecular motor. Axonemal dynein attaches to microtubules and hydrolyzes ATP to mediate the movement of cilia and flagella. The gene expresses at least two transcript variants; additional variants have been described, but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 2

Dyneins are microtubule-associated motor protein complexes composed of several heavy, light, and intermediate chains. The axonemal dyneins, found in cilia and flagella, are components of the outer and inner dynein arms attached to the peripheral microtubule doublets. DNAH2 is an axonemal inner arm dynein heavy chain (Chapelin et al., 1997 [PubMed 9256245]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11

This gene encodes a ciliary outer dynein arm protein and is a member of the dynein heavy chain family. It is a microtubule-dependent motor ATPase and has been reported to be involved in the movement of respiratory cilia. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in causing Kartagener Syndrome (a combination of situs inversus totalis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), also called Immotile Cilia Syndrome 1 (ICS1)) and male sterility. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

dynein heavy chain domain 1

Predicted to enable dynein intermediate chain binding activity; dynein light intermediate chain binding activity; and minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity. Involved in sperm flagellum assembly. Located in sperm flagellum. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 65. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 3

This gene belongs to the dynein family, whose members encode large proteins that are constituents of the microtubule-associated motor protein complex. This complex is composed of dynein heavy, intermediate and light chains, which can be axonemal or cytoplasmic. This protein is an axonemal dynein heavy chain. It is involved in producing force for ciliary beating by using energy from ATP hydrolysis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

dynein, axonemal, assembly factor 2

This gene encodes a highly conserved protein involved in the preassembly of dynein arm complexes which power cilia. These complexes are found in some cilia and are assembled in the cytoplasm prior to transport for cilia formation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

dynein, axonemal, assembly factor 3

The protein encoded by this gene is required for the assembly of axonemal inner and outer dynein arms and plays a role in assembling dynein complexes for transport into cilia. Defects in this gene are a cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia type 2 (CILD2). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

dynein, axonemal, assembly factor 5

The protein encoded by this gene is essential for the preassembly or stability of axonemal dynein arms, and is found only in organisms with motile cilia and flagella. Mutations in this gene are associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia-18, a disorder characterized by abnormalities of motile cilia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013]

dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 10 opposite strand

dynein, cytoplasmic 2, heavy chain 1

This gene encodes a large cytoplasmic dynein protein that is involved in retrograde transport in the cilium and has a role in intraflagellar transport, a process required for ciliary/flagellar assembly. Mutations in this gene cause a heterogeneous spectrum of conditions related to altered primary cilium function and often involve polydactyly, abnormal skeletogenesis, and polycystic kidneys. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1

This gene is the human homolog of the Chlamydomonas inner dynein arm gene, p28. The precise function of this gene is not known, however, it is a potential candidate for immotile cilia syndrome (ICS). Ultrastructural defects of the inner dynein arms are seen in patients with ICS. Immotile mutant strains of Chlamydomonas, a biflagellated algae, exhibit similar defects. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

dynein heavy chain -like pseudogene

dynein, cytoplasmic 1, heavy chain 1

Dyneins are a group of microtubule-activated ATPases that function as molecular motors. They are divided into two subgroups of axonemal and cytoplasmic dyneins. The cytoplasmic dyneins function in intracellular motility, including retrograde axonal transport, protein sorting, organelle movement, and spindle dynamics. Molecules of conventional cytoplasmic dynein are comprised of 2 heavy chain polypeptides and a number of intermediate and light chains.This gene encodes a member of the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain family. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1

This gene encodes a member of the dynein intermediate chain family. The encoded protein is part of the dynein complex in respiratory cilia. The inner- and outer-arm dyneins, which bridge between the doublet microtubules in axonemes, are the force-generating proteins responsible for the sliding movement in axonemes. The intermediate and light chains, thought to form the base of the dynein arm, help mediate attachment and may also participate in regulating dynein activity. Mutations in this gene result in abnormal ciliary ultrastructure and function associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia and Kartagener syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the dynein intermediate chain family, and is part of the dynein complex of respiratory cilia and sperm flagella. Mutations in this gene are associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia type 9. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 1 pseudogene

axonemal dynein light chain domain containing 1

Predicted to be involved in manchette assembly. Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein, axonemal, light chain 4

This gene encodes an axonemal dynein light chain which functions as a component of the outer dynein arms complex. This complex acts as the molecular motor that provides the force to move cilia in an ATP-dependent manner. The encoded protein is expressed in tissues with motile cilia or flagella and may be involved in the movement of sperm flagella. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

dynein, axonemal, light chain 1

This gene encodes an axonemal dynein light chain which functions as a component of the outer dynein arms complex. This complex acts as the molecular motor that provides the force to move cilia in an ATP-dependent manner. The encoded protein is expressed in tissues with motile cilia or flagella and may be involved in the movement of sperm flagella. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

dynein, light chain, roadblock-type 1 pseudogene

dynein, light chain, roadblock-type 1 pseudogene

dynein, light chain, roadblock-type 2

Predicted to enable dynein intermediate chain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule-based movement. Predicted to be located in ciliary tip. Predicted to be part of cytoplasmic dynein complex. Predicted to be active in centrosome and cytoplasm. Biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein, light chain, roadblock-type 1

This gene is a member of the roadblock dynein light chain family. The encoded cytoplasmic protein is capable of binding intermediate chain proteins, interacts with transforming growth factor-beta, and has been implicated in the regulation of actin modulating proteins. Upregulation of this gene has been associated with hepatocellular carcinomas, suggesting that this gene may be involved in tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 12 and 18. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

dynein, axonemal, assembly factor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is cilium-specific and is required for the stability of the ciliary architecture. It is involved in the regulation of microtubule-based cilia and actin-based brush border microvilli. Mutations in this gene are associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia-13. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

dynein axonemal assembly factor 4

This gene encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat domain-containing protein. The encoded protein interacts with estrogen receptors and the heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and Hsp90. An homologous protein in rat has been shown to function in neuronal migration in the developing neocortex. A chromosomal translocation involving this gene is associated with a susceptibility to developmental dyslexia. Mutations in this gene are associated with deficits in reading and spelling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream cell cycle progression 1 (CCPG1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

dynein axonemal intermediate chain 7

Predicted to enable beta-tubulin binding activity and microtubule binding activity. Predicted to be located in cilium and microtubule cytoskeleton. Predicted to be part of axonemal dynein complex. Predicted to be active in axoneme and cytoplasmic microtubule. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein axonemal assembly factor 11

The protein encoded by this gene contains several leucine-rich repeat domains and appears to be involved in the motility of cilia. Defects in this gene are a cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia-19 (CILD19). Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 4, 11 and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

dynein 2 intermediate chain 1

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD) and may facilitate the formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. The encoded protein contains four WD repeats and may play a role in the formation of cilia. Mutations in this gene have been associated with short-rib polydactyly and Jeune syndromes. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

dynein light chain Tctex-type 2B

Dyneins are a group of microtubule-activated ATPases that function as molecular motors. They are divided into two subgroups of axonemal and cytoplasmic dyneins. The cytoplasmic dyneins function in intracellular motility, including retrograde axonal transport, protein sorting, organelle movement, and spindle dynamics. Molecules of conventional cytoplasmic dynein are comprised of 2 heavy chain polypeptides and a number of intermediate and light chains. This gene encodes a subunit of the human cytoplasmic dynein-2 complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with short-rib thoracic dysplasia 17 with or without polydactyly. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

dynein axonemal assembly factor 8

Predicted to enable dynein complex binding activity. Predicted to be involved in outer dynein arm assembly. Located in dynein axonemal particle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein axonemal assembly factor 9

This gene encodes an uncharacterized protein with a C-terminal coiled-coil region. The gene is located on chromosome 20p13 in a 1.8 Mb region linked to a spinocerebellar ataxia phenotype, but this gene does not appear to be a disease candidate. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

dynein axonemal intermediate chain 4

Predicted to enable dynein heavy chain binding activity and dynein light chain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in axonemal dynein complex assembly and cilium movement. Predicted to act upstream of or within hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. Predicted to be located in axoneme; dynein axonemal particle; and motile cilium. Predicted to be part of axonemal dynein complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein light chain Tctex-type 4

Enables protein phosphatase 1 binding activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule-based movement. Located in several cellular components, including acrosomal vesicle; cytoskeleton; and sperm flagellum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein 2 intermediate chain 2

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. Defects in this gene are a cause of short-rib thoracic dysplasia 11 with or without polydactyly. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

dynein axonemal intermediate chain 3

Enables Arp2/3 complex binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation and negative regulation of cell migration. Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein axonemal assembly factor 6

Enables dynein intermediate chain binding activity. Involved in flagellated sperm motility; inner dynein arm assembly; and outer dynein arm assembly. Located in trans-Golgi network. Implicated in primary ciliary dyskinesia 36. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein light chain Tctex-type 2

Predicted to enable dynein intermediate chain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule-based movement. Predicted to be located in cytosol and sperm flagellum. Predicted to be part of cytoplasmic dynein complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein light chain Tctex-type family member 5

Predicted to enable dynein intermediate chain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule-based movement. Predicted to be part of cytoplasmic dynein complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein axonemal assembly factor 10

This gene encodes a protein with two WD40 repeat domains thought to be involved in an apoptosis via activation of caspase-3. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

dynein regulatory complex subunit 3

Located in axoneme. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein axonemal assembly factor 19

Enables protein homodimerization activity. Involved in axonemal dynein complex assembly; cilium movement; and determination of left/right symmetry. Predicted to be located in axoneme. Predicted to be part of outer dynein arm. Implicated in primary ciliary dyskinesia 17. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein regulatory complex subunit 5

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in sperm flagellum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein regulatory complex subunit 2

dynein regulatory complex subunit 9

Enables Hsp70 protein binding activity and calmodulin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in sperm axoneme assembly. Located in actin cytoskeleton and cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein regulatory complex subunit 4

dynein regulatory complex subunit 10

Located in ciliary basal body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dynein regulatory complex subunit 8

dynein regulatory complex subunit 11

dynein regulatory complex subunit 11 like

Predicted to enable ATP hydrolysis activity and microtubule severing ATPase activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule cytoskeleton organization. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]