Harmonizome 3.0

growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer-like

Acts upstream of or within kidney development. Predicted to be located in membrane. Implicated in autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 80 and renal agenesis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 1A

This gene encodes a cell-cycle and transcription regulatory protein. The encoded protein interacts with the cell cycle inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B and may function as a negative regulator of G(1)/S phase progression. This protein also forms homo- and hetrodimers with the protein, regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain-containing protein 1B, to form a scaffold that interacts with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II subunit B1 and regulates several aspects of transcription. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 1B

Enables RNA polymerase II complex binding activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including RNA polymerase II promoter clearance; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of transcription preinitiation complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 2

Predicted to enable RNA polymerase II complex binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 3'-end processing. Part of transcription preinitiation complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1

This gene is an estrogen-responsive gene that is an early response gene in the estrogen receptor-regulated pathway. It is thought to play an important role in hormone-responsive tissues and cancer. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 1A pseudogene

plaque enriched lncRNA in atherosclerotic and inflammatory bowel macrophage regulation

p53 regulation associated lncRNA

PAX interacting (with transcription-activation domain) protein 1

This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) gene family and encodes a nuclear protein with six BRCT (breast cancer carboxy-terminal) domains. This protein plays a critical role in maintaining genome stability, condensation of chromatin and progression through mitosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

T-cell activation RhoGTPase activating protein

This gene encodes a member of the Rho GTPase-activator protein superfamily. The encoded protein may function as a Rho GTPase-activating protein. Alterations in this gene may be associated with several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and multiple sclerosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta

This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse and rat orthologs. This gene is upregulated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It contains in its 5' UTR a 6 bp tandem repeat sequence which is polymorphic, however, there is no correlation between the repeat number and the disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, eta

This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse, rat and bovine orthologs. This gene contains a 7 bp repeat sequence in its 5' UTR, and changes in the number of this repeat have been associated with early-onset schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the 14-3-3 family of proteins, members of which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals. The encoded protein has been shown to interact with RAF1 and CDC25 phosphatases, suggesting that it may play a role in linking mitogenic signaling and the cell cycle machinery. Two transcript variants, which encode the same protein, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, gamma

This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 100% identical to the rat ortholog. It is induced by growth factors in human vascular smooth muscle cells, and is also highly expressed in skeletal and heart muscles, suggesting an important role for this protein in muscle tissue. It has been shown to interact with RAF1 and protein kinase C, proteins involved in various signal transduction pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon

This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 100% identical to the mouse ortholog. It interacts with CDC25 phosphatases, RAF1 and IRS1 proteins, suggesting its role in diverse biochemical activities related to signal transduction, such as cell division and regulation of insulin sensitivity. It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of small cell lung cancer. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other non-protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

activation-induced cytidine deaminase

This gene encodes a RNA-editing deaminase that is a member of the cytidine deaminase family. AICDA is specifically expressed and active in germinal center-like B cells. In the germinal center, AICDA is involved in somatic hypermutation, gene conversion, and class-switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes. An epigenetic role in neoplastic transformation and lymphoma progression has been experimentally ascribed to AICDA using mouse models. Defects in this gene are the cause of autosomal recessive hyper-IgM immunodeficiency syndrome type 2 (HIGM2). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (pulmonary and activation-regulated)

This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for naive T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and nonactivated lymphocytes, but not for monocytes or granulocytes. This chemokine attracts naive T lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes. It may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta pseudogene 8

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta pseudogene 9

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta pseudogene 2

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta pseudogene 3

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta pseudogene 1

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta pseudogene 6

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta pseudogene 5

V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the B7 costimulatory protein family. Proteins in this family are present on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and interact with ligand bound to receptors on the surface of T cells. Studies have shown that high levels of the encoded protein has been correlated with tumor progression. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 20. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

linker for activation of T cells family, member 2

This gene is one of the contiguous genes at 7q11.23 commonly deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder. This gene consists of at least 14 exons, and its alternative splicing generates 3 transcript variants, all encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lymphocyte-activation gene 3

Lymphocyte-activation protein 3 belongs to Ig superfamily and contains 4 extracellular Ig-like domains. The LAG3 gene contains 8 exons. The sequence data, exon/intron organization, and chromosomal localization all indicate a close relationship of LAG3 to CD4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide pseudogene

V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1 pseudogene

T cell activation inhibitor, mitochondrial

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide pseudogene

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta

This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse, rat and sheep orthologs. The encoded protein interacts with IRS1 protein, suggesting a role in regulating insulin sensitivity. Several transcript variants that differ in the 5' UTR but that encode the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta pseudogene 7

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta pseudogene 4

apoptosis, caspase activation inhibitor

Involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide pseudogene

neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) activation associated factor

This gene encodes a WD-repeat protein that binds the cytoplasmic sphingomyelinase activation domain of the 55kD tumor necrosis factor receptor. This protein is required for TNF-mediated activation of neutral sphingomyelinase and may play a role in regulating TNF-induced cellular responses such as inflammation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon pseudogene 5

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon pseudogene 7

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon pseudogene 1

T-cell activation antigen p250

signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1

Enables several functions, including SH2 domain binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and virus receptor activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of CD40 signaling pathway; negative regulation of cytokine production; and positive regulation of MAPK cascade. Located in extracellular exosome. Is active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

fibroblast activation protein, alpha

The protein encoded by this gene is a homodimeric integral membrane gelatinase belonging to the serine protease family. It is selectively expressed in reactive stromal fibroblasts of epithelial cancers, granulation tissue of healing wounds, and malignant cells of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. This protein is thought to be involved in the control of fibroblast growth or epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development, tissue repair, and epithelial carcinogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

cofactor required for Sp1 transcriptional activation, subunit 5, 85kDa

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta pseudogene 2

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta pseudogene 1

A20-binding inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation 2 pseudogene

linker for activation of T cells

The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated by ZAP-70/Syk protein tyrosine kinases following activation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction pathway. This transmembrane protein localizes to lipid rafts and acts as a docking site for SH2 domain-containing proteins. Upon phosphorylation, this protein recruits multiple adaptor proteins and downstream signaling molecules into multimolecular signaling complexes located near the site of TCR engagement. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

transcription activation suppressor

Enables chromatin binding activity. Involved in protein localization to heterochromatin and transposable element silencing by heterochromatin formation. Located in heterochromatin and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transcription activation suppressor family member 2

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit)

This gene encodes the integrin alpha X chain protein. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This protein combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 4 (CR4). The alpha X beta 2 complex seems to overlap the properties of the alpha M beta 2 integrin in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium cells, and in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit)

This gene encodes the integrin alpha M chain. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This I-domain containing alpha integrin combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as macrophage receptor 1 ('Mac-1'), or inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 3 ('CR3'). The alpha M beta 2 integrin is important in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium, and also in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

complement factor H

This gene is a member of the Regulator of Complement Activation (RCA) gene cluster and encodes a protein with twenty short consensus repeat (SCR) domains. This protein is secreted into the bloodstream and has an essential role in the regulation of complement activation, restricting this innate defense mechanism to microbial infections. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and chronic hypocomplementemic nephropathy. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

complement factor I

This gene encodes a serine proteinase that is essential for regulating the complement cascade. The encoded preproprotein is cleaved to produce both heavy and light chains, which are linked by disulfide bonds to form a heterodimeric glycoprotein. This heterodimer can cleave and inactivate the complement components C4b and C3b, and it prevents the assembly of the C3 and C5 convertase enzymes. Defects in this gene cause complement factor I deficiency, an autosomal recessive disease associated with a susceptibility to pyogenic infections. Mutations in this gene have been associated with a predisposition to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, a disease characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Primary glomerulonephritis with immune deposits and age-related macular degeneration are other conditions associated with mutations of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

complement factor D (adipsin)

This gene encodes a member of the S1, or chymotrypsin, family of serine peptidases. This protease catalyzes the cleavage of factor B, the rate-limiting step of the alternative pathway of complement activation. This protein also functions as an adipokine, a cell signaling protein secreted by adipocytes, which regulates insulin secretion in mice. Mutations in this gene underlie complement factor D deficiency, which is associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis infections in human patients. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. At least one of these variants encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protease. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

complement factor B

This gene encodes complement factor B, a component of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Factor B circulates in the blood as a single chain polypeptide. Upon activation of the alternative pathway, it is cleaved by complement factor D yielding the noncatalytic chain Ba and the catalytic subunit Bb. The active subunit Bb is a serine protease which associates with C3b to form the alternative pathway C3 convertase. Bb is involved in the proliferation of preactivated B lymphocytes, while Ba inhibits their proliferation. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. This cluster includes several genes involved in regulation of the immune reaction. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with a reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration. The polyadenylation site of this gene is 421 bp from the 5' end of the gene for complement component 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

complement factor properdin

This gene encodes a plasma glycoprotein that positively regulates the alternative complement pathway of the innate immune system. This protein binds to many microbial surfaces and apoptotic cells and stabilizes the C3- and C5-convertase enzyme complexes in a feedback loop that ultimately leads to formation of the membrane attack complex and lysis of the target cell. Mutations in this gene result in two forms of properdin deficiency, which results in high susceptibility to meningococcal infections. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

complement component 4B (Chido blood group)

This gene encodes the basic form of complement factor 4, and together with the C4A gene, is part of the classical activation pathway. The protein is expressed as a single chain precursor which is proteolytically cleaved into a trimer of alpha, beta, and gamma chains prior to secretion. The trimer provides a surface for interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components. The alpha chain may be cleaved to release C4 anaphylatoxin, a mediator of local inflammation. Deficiency of this protein is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Varying haplotypes of this gene cluster exist, such that individuals may have 1, 2, or 3 copies of this gene. In addition, this gene exists as a long form and a short form due to the presence or absence of a 6.4 kb endogenous HERV-K retrovirus in intron 9. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit) pseudogene

integrin, beta 2 (complement component 3 receptor 3 and 4 subunit)

This gene encodes an integrin beta chain, which combines with multiple different alpha chains to form different integrin heterodimers. Integrins are integral cell-surface proteins that participate in cell adhesion as well as cell-surface mediated signalling. The encoded protein plays an important role in immune response and defects in this gene cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein

The human complement subcomponent C1q associates with C1r and C1s in order to yield the first component of the serum complement system. The protein encoded by this gene is known to bind to the globular heads of C1q molecules and inhibit C1 activation. This protein has also been identified as the p32 subunit of pre-mRNA splicing factor SF2, as well as a hyaluronic acid-binding protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

complement component 8, alpha polypeptide

C8 is a component of the complement system and contains three polypeptides, alpha, beta and gamma. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of C8. C8 participates in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). The MAC assembles on bacterial membranes to form a pore, permitting disruption of bacterial membrane organization. Mutations in this gene cause complement C8 alpha-gamma deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

complement component 8, beta polypeptide

This gene encodes one of the three subunits of the complement component 8 (C8) protein. C8 is composed of equimolar amounts of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, which are encoded by three separate genes. C8 is one component of the membrane attack complex, which mediates cell lysis, and it initiates membrane penetration of the complex. This protein mediates the interaction of C8 with the C5b-7 membrane attack complex precursor. In humans deficiency of this protein is associated with increased risk of meningococcal infections. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

complement component 8, gamma polypeptide

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the lipocalin family. It is one of the three subunits that constitutes complement component 8 (C8), which is composed of a disulfide-linked C8 alpha-gamma heterodimer and a non-covalently associated C8 beta chain. C8 participates in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) on bacterial cell membranes. While subunits alpha and beta play a role in complement-mediated bacterial killing, the gamma subunit is not required for the bactericidal activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

CD46 molecule, complement regulatory protein pseudogene 1

complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1-like

Acts upstream of or within regulation of complement activation and regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Part of receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group)

This gene encodes a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of the complement cascade. Binding of the encoded protein to complement proteins accelerates their decay, thereby disrupting the cascade and preventing damage to host cells. Antigens present on this protein constitute the Cromer blood group system (CROM). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The predominant transcript variant encodes a membrane-bound protein, but alternatively spliced transcripts may produce soluble proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein

This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein that regulates complement-mediated cell lysis, and it is involved in lymphocyte signal transduction. This protein is a potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex, whereby it binds complement C8 and/or C9 during the assembly of this complex, thereby inhibiting the incorporation of multiple copies of C9 into the complex, which is necessary for osmolytic pore formation. This protein also plays a role in signal transduction pathways in the activation of T cells. Mutations in this gene cause CD59 deficiency, a disease resulting in hemolytic anemia and thrombosis, and which causes cerebral infarction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode the same protein, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein, pseudogene 1

complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein, pseudogene 2

complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein, pseudogene 3

complement component 4 binding protein, alpha pseudogene 3

complement component 4 binding protein, alpha pseudogene 2

complement component 1, r subcomponent-like

Predicted to enable serine-type endopeptidase activity. Predicted to be involved in zymogen activation. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

complement component 5a receptor 2

This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor 1 family member involved in the complement system of the innate immune response. Unlike classical G-protein coupled receptors, the encoded protein does not associate with intracellular G-proteins. It may instead modulate signal transduction through the beta-arrestin pathway, and may alternatively act as a decoy receptor. This gene may be involved in coronary artery disease and in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

complement component 5a receptor 1

Enables G protein-coupled receptor activity and complement component C5a receptor activity. Involved in several processes, including complement component C5a signaling pathway; mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II; and positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. Located in apical part of cell and basolateral plasma membrane. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease; asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; rhinitis; and severe acute respiratory syndrome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

complement component 4 binding protein, alpha

This gene encodes a member of a superfamily of proteins composed predominantly of tandemly arrayed short consensus repeats of approximately 60 amino acids. Along with a single, unique beta-chain, seven identical alpha-chains encoded by this gene assemble into the predominant isoform of C4b-binding protein, a multimeric protein that controls activation of the complement cascade through the classical pathway. The genes encoding both alpha and beta chains are located adjacent to each other on human chromosome 1 in the regulator of complement activation gene cluster. Two pseudogenes of this gene are also found in the cluster. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

complement component 4 binding protein, beta

This gene encodes a member of a superfamily of proteins composed predominantly of tandemly arrayed short consensus repeats of approximately 60 amino acids. A single, unique beta-chain encoded by this gene assembles with seven identical alpha-chains into the predominant isoform of C4b-binding protein, a multimeric protein that controls activation of the complement cascade through the classical pathway. C4b-binding protein has a regulatory role in the coagulation system also, mediated through the beta-chain binding of protein S, a vitamin K-dependent protein that serves as a cofactor of activated protein C. The genes encoding both alpha and beta chains are located adjacent to each other on human chromosome 1 in the regulator of complement activation gene cluster. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

complement component 3 precursor pseudogene

Predicted to enable endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

complement component 1, s subcomponent

This gene encodes a serine protease, which is a major constituent of the human complement subcomponent C1. C1s associates with two other complement components C1r and C1q in order to yield the first component of the serum complement system. Defects in this gene are the cause of selective C1s deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

complement component 1, r subcomponent

This gene encodes a member of the peptidase S1 protein family. The encoded protein is a proteolytic subunit in the complement system C1 complex. The complement system acts as a mediator in the innate immune response by ultimately triggering phagocytosis, inflammation, and rupturing the bacterial cell wall. Mutations in this gene are associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2018]

complement factor H-related protein 3-like

complement component (3d/Epstein Barr virus) receptor 2

This gene encodes a membrane protein, which functions as a receptor for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) binding on B and T lymphocytes. Genetic variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus type 9 (SLEB9). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (Knops blood group)

This gene is a member of the receptors of complement activation (RCA) family and is located in the 'cluster RCA' region of chromosome 1. The genome is polymorphic at this locus with allele-specific splice variants encoding different isoforms, based on the presence/absence of long homologous repeats (LHRs). The gene encodes a monomeric single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein found on erythrocytes, leukocytes, glomerular podocytes, and splenic follicular dendritic cells. The Knops blood group system is a system of antigens located on this protein. The protein mediates cellular binding to particles and immune complexes that have activated complement. Decreases in expression of this protein and/or mutations in this gene have been associated with gallbladder carcinomas, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis and Alzheimer's disease. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with a reduction in Plasmodium falciparum rosetting, conferring protection against severe malaria. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

complement component 1, q subcomponent, B chain

This gene encodes the B-chain polypeptide of serum complement subcomponent C1q, which associates with C1r and C1s to yield the first component of the serum complement system. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains which include 6 A-chains, 6 B-chains, and 6 C-chains. Each chain contains an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal C1q globular domain. C1q deficiency is associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

complement component 7 pseudogene

complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (Knops blood group) pseudogene

complement component 4B (Chido blood group), copy 2

This gene encodes the basic form of complement factor 4, part of the classical activation pathway. The protein is expressed as a single chain precursor which is proteolytically cleaved into a trimer of alpha, beta, and gamma chains prior to secretion. The trimer provides a surface for interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components. The alpha chain may be cleaved to release C4 anaphylatoxin, a mediator of local inflammation. Deficiency of this protein is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Varying haplotypes of this gene cluster exist, such that individuals may have 1, 2, or 3 copies of this gene. In addition, this gene exists as a long form and a short form due to the presence or absence of a 6.4 kb endogenous HERV-K retrovirus in intron 9. This GeneID and its associated RefSeq record represent a second copy of C4B found on ALT_REF_LOCI_7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

complement component 4A (Rodgers blood group)

This gene encodes the acidic form of complement factor 4, part of the classical activation pathway. The protein is expressed as a single chain precursor which is proteolytically cleaved into a trimer of alpha, beta, and gamma chains prior to secretion. The trimer provides a surface for interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components. The alpha chain is cleaved to release C4 anaphylatoxin, an antimicrobial peptide and a mediator of local inflammation. Deficiency of this protein is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and type I diabetes mellitus. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Varying haplotypes of this gene cluster exist, such that individuals may have 1, 2, or 3 copies of this gene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

complement component 4 binding protein, alpha pseudogene 1

complement factor H-related 2

This gene belongs to a family of complement factor H-related genes (CFHR), which are clustered together with complement factor H gene on chromosome 1, and are involved in regulation of complement. Mutations in CFHR genes have been associated with dense deposit disease and atypical haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

complement factor H-related 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted protein, which belongs to the complement factor H-related protein family. It binds to heparin, and may be involved in complement regulation. Mutations in this gene are associated with decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration, and with an increased risk of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

complement factor H-related 1

This gene encodes a secreted protein belonging to the complement factor H protein family. It binds to Pseudomonas aeruginosa elongation factor Tuf together with plasminogen, which is proteolytically activated. It is proposed that Tuf acts as a virulence factor by acquiring host proteins to the pathogen surface, controlling complement, and facilitating tissue invasion. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased risk of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

complement factor H-related 4

This gene is a member of the complement factor H (CFH) gene family, and encodes one of the 5 CFH-related (CFHR) proteins. These 5 genes are closely linked to the CFH gene on chromosome 1q31-q32. The CFHRs are secreted plasma proteins synthesized primarily by the hepatocytes, and composed of highly-related short consensus repeats (SCRs). This protein enhances the cofactor activity of CFH, and is involved in complement regulation. It can associate with lipoproteins and may play a role in lipid metabolism. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (varying in the number of SCRs) have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

complement factor H-related 5

This gene is a member of a small complement factor H (CFH) gene cluster on chromosome 1. Each member of this gene family contains multiple short consensus repeats (SCRs) typical of regulators of complement activation. The protein encoded by this gene has nine SCRs with the first two repeats having heparin binding properties, a region within repeats 5-7 having heparin binding and C reactive protein binding properties, and the C-terminal repeats being similar to a complement component 3 b (C3b) binding domain. This protein co-localizes with C3, binds C3b in a dose-dependent manner, and is recruited to tissues damaged by C-reactive protein. Allelic variations in this gene have been associated, but not causally linked, with two different forms of kidney disease: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II (MPGNII) and hemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

complement C3-like

CD46 molecule, complement regulatory protein

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein and is a regulatory part of the complement system. The encoded protein has cofactor activity for inactivation of complement components C3b and C4b by serum factor I, which protects the host cell from damage by complement. In addition, the encoded protein can act as a receptor for the Edmonston strain of measles virus, human herpesvirus-6, and type IV pili of pathogenic Neisseria. Finally, the protein encoded by this gene may be involved in the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocyte during fertilization. Mutations at this locus have been associated with susceptibility to hemolytic uremic syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

complement component 1, q subcomponent-like 1

Predicted to enable signaling receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in locomotory behavior. Predicted to act upstream of or within maintenance of synapse structure; motor learning; and neuron remodeling. Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including climbing fiber; extracellular region; and presynapse. Predicted to be part of collagen trimer. Predicted to be active in cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse and synaptic cleft. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

complement component 1, q subcomponent-like 2

Predicted to enable identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane; postsynaptic density assembly; and regulation of synapse maturation. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be part of collagen trimer. Predicted to be active in cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse; hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse; and synaptic cleft. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

complement component 1, q subcomponent-like 3

Predicted to enable identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane and postsynaptic density assembly. Predicted to act upstream of or within regulation of synapse organization. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be part of collagen trimer. Predicted to be active in glutamatergic synapse; hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse; and synaptic cleft. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

complement component 1, q subcomponent-like 4

Predicted to enable identical protein binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; negative regulation of fat cell differentiation; and negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. Predicted to be part of collagen trimer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

complement component 9

This gene encodes the final component of the complement system. It participates in the formation of the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC). The MAC assembles on bacterial membranes to form a pore, permitting disruption of bacterial membrane organization. Mutations in this gene cause component C9 deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

complement component 3

Complement component C3 plays a central role in the activation of complement system. Its activation is required for both classical and alternative complement activation pathways. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate alpha and beta subunits that form the mature protein, which is then further processed to generate numerous peptide products. The C3a peptide, also known as the C3a anaphylatoxin, modulates inflammation and possesses antimicrobial activity. Mutations in this gene are associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and age-related macular degeneration in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

complement component 2

Component C2 is a serum glycoprotein that functions as part of the classical pathway of the complement system. Activated C1 cleaves C2 into C2a and C2b. The serine proteinase C2a then combines with complement factor 4b to create the C3 or C5 convertase. Deficiency of C2 has been reported to associated with certain autoimmune diseases and SNPs in this gene have been associated with altered susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration. This gene localizes within the class III region of the MHC on the short arm of chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional transcript variants have been described in publications but their full-length sequence has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

complement component 7

This gene encodes a serum glycoprotein that forms a membrane attack complex together with complement components C5b, C6, C8, and C9 as part of the terminal complement pathway of the innate immune system. The protein encoded by this gene contains a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin/membrane attack complex/perforin-like (CDC/MACPF) domain and belongs to a large family of structurally related molecules that form pores involved in host immunity and bacterial pathogenesis. This protein initiates membrane attack complex formation by binding the C5b-C6 subcomplex and inserts into the phospholipid bilayer, serving as a membrane anchor. Mutations in this gene are associated with a rare disorder called C7 deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]

complement component 6

This gene encodes a component of the complement cascade. The encoded protein is part of the membrane attack complex that can be incorporated into the cell membrane and cause cell lysis. Mutations in this gene are associated with complement component-6 deficiency. Transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

complement component 5

This gene encodes a component of the complement system, a part of the innate immune system that plays an important role in inflammation, host homeostasis, and host defense against pathogens. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products, including the C5 alpha chain, C5 beta chain, C5a anaphylatoxin and C5b. The C5 protein is comprised of the C5 alpha and beta chains, which are linked by a disulfide bridge. Cleavage of the alpha chain by a convertase enzyme results in the formation of the C5a anaphylatoxin, which possesses potent spasmogenic and chemotactic activity, and the C5b macromolecular cleavage product, a subunit of the membrane attack complex (MAC). Mutations in this gene cause complement component 5 deficiency, a disease characterized by recurrent bacterial infections. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

complement component 1, q subcomponent, C chain

This gene encodes the C-chain polypeptide of serum complement subcomponent C1q, which associates with C1r and C1s to yield the first component of the serum complement system. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains which include 6 A-chains, 6 B-chains, and 6 C-chains. Each chain contains an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal C1q globular domain. C1q deficiency is associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

complement component 1, q subcomponent, A chain

This gene encodes the A-chain polypeptide of serum complement subcomponent C1q, which associates with C1r and C1s to yield the first component of the serum complement system. C1q deficiency is associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains which include 6 A-chains, 6 B-chains, and 6 C-chains. Each chain contains an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal C1q globular domain. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]

complement component 3a receptor 1

C3a is an anaphylatoxin released during activation of the complement system. The protein encoded by this gene is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor for C3a. Binding of C3a by the encoded receptor activates chemotaxis, granule enzyme release, superoxide anion production, and bacterial opsonization. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)-like

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9C

This gene was initially thought to represent a pseudogene of galectin 9; however, this transcript has good exon-intron structure and encodes a predicted protein of the same size as and highly similar to galectin 9. This gene is one of two similar loci on chromosome 17p similar to galectin 9 and now thought to be protein-encoding. This gene is the more telomeric gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9B

This gene was initially thought to represent a pseudogene of galectin 9; however, this transcript has good exon-intron structure and encodes a predicted protein of the same size as and highly similar to galectin 9. This gene is one of two similar loci on chromosome 17p similar to galectin 9 and now thought to be protein-encoding. This gene is the more centromeric gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

C-type lectin domain family 18, member A

This is one of three closely related paralogous genes on chromosome 16 encoding secreted proteins containing C-type lectin domains. These domains bind to carbohydrates in the presence of calcium, and may be involved in cell adhesion, immune response and apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

C-type lectin domain family 18, member B

Predicted to enable polysaccharide binding activity. Predicted to be located in Golgi apparatus; endosome; and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 27, pseudogene

lectin, mannose-binding, 1 like

This gene encodes a mannose-binding type 1 transmembrane protein that contains an N-terminal lectin-like carbohydrate recognition domain. The encoded protein is similar in structure to lectins found in leguminous plants. This lectin is thought to transport newly synthesized glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 13

Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. The protein encoded by this gene has lysophospholipase activity. It is composed of two identical subunits which are held together by disulfide bonds. This protein has structural similarity to several members of the beta-galactoside-binding S-type lectin family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 12

This gene encodes a member of the galectin superfamily, a group of beta-galactoside-binding proteins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. The related mouse protein is a primary regulator of the early stages of adipose tissue development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 16

Enables lactose binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 14

This gene is predominantly expressed in placenta. The encoded protein belongs to the galectin (galaptin/S-lectin) family. The members of galectin family contain one or two carbohydrate recognition domains, which can bind beta-galactoside. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

C-type lectin domain family 1, member A

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signaling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded protein may play a role in regulating dendritic cell function. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members on chromosome 12p13 in the natural killer gene complex region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

C-type lectin domain family 1, member B

Natural killer (NK) cells express multiple calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin-like receptors, such as CD94 (KLRD1; MIM 602894) and NKG2D (KLRC4; MIM 602893), that interact with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and either inhibit or activate cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. CLEC2 is a C-type lectin-like receptor expressed in myeloid cells and NK cells (Colonna et al., 2000 [PubMed 10671229]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011]

C-type lectin domain family 4, member A

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type 2 transmembrane protein may play a role in inflammatory and immune response. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members on chromosome 12p13 in the natural killer gene complex region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 30, pseudogene

mannose-binding lectin family member 3, pseudogene

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 16 (gene/pseudogene)

Predicted to enable sialic acid binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of defense response to bacterium and positive regulation of interleukin-6 production. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 14

Predicted to enable sialic acid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell adhesion. Predicted to be located in ficolin-1-rich granule membrane and tertiary granule membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 15

Predicted to be involved in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization; regulation of bone resorption; and regulation of osteoclast development. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be part of protein-containing complex. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 12 (gene/pseudogene)

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (SIGLECs) are a family of cell surface proteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. They mediate protein-carbohydrate interactions by selectively binding to different sialic acid moieties present on glycolipids and glycoproteins. This gene encodes a member of the SIGLEC3-like subfamily of SIGLECs. Members of this subfamily are characterized by an extracellular V-set immunoglobulin-like domain followed by two C2-set immunoglobulin-like domains, and the cytoplasmic tyrosine-based motifs ITIM and SLAM-like. The encoded protein, upon tyrosine phosphorylation, has been shown to recruit the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2. It has been suggested that the protein is involved in the negative regulation of macrophage signaling by functioning as an inhibitory receptor. This gene is located in a cluster with other SIGLEC3-like genes on 19q13.4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 10

SIGLECs are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily that are expressed on the cell surface. Most SIGLECs have 1 or more cytoplasmic immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, or ITIMs. SIGLECs are typically expressed on cells of the innate immune system, with the exception of the B-cell expressed SIGLEC6 (MIM 604405).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 11

This gene encodes a member of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family. These cell surface lectins are characterized by structural motifs in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and sialic acid recognition sites in the first Ig V set domain. This family member mediates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signaling. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

C-type lectin domain family 9, member A

CLEC9A is a group V C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR) that functions as an activation receptor and is expressed on myeloid lineage cells (Huysamen et al., 2008 [PubMed 18408006]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 22, pseudogene

C-type lectin domain family 18, member C

Enables polysaccharide binding activity. Predicted to be located in Golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum; and endosome. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C-type lectin domain family 4, member M

This gene encodes a C-type lectin that functions in cell adhesion and pathogen recognition. This receptor recognizes a wide range of evolutionarily divergent pathogens with a large impact on public health, including tuberculosis mycobacteria, and viruses including Ebola, hepatitis C, HIV-1, influenza A, West Nile virus and the SARS-CoV acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The protein is organized into four distinct domains: a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain, a flexible tandem-repeat neck domain of variable length, a transmembrane region and an N-terminal cytoplasmic domain involved in internalization. This gene is closely related in terms of both sequence and function to a neighboring gene, CD209 (Gene ID: 30835), also known as DC-SIGN. The two genes differ in viral recognition and expression patterns, with this gene showing high expression in endothelial cells of the liver, lymph node and placenta. Polymorphisms in the tandem repeat neck domain are associated with resistance to SARS infection. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

C-type lectin domain family 4, member G

This gene encodes a glycan-binding receptor and member of the C-type lectin family which plays a role in the immune response. C-type lectin receptors are pattern recognition receptors located on immune cells that play a role in the recognition and uptake of both self and non-self glycoproteins as well as mediating cell adhesion, glycoprotein clearance, and cell signaling functions. This gene's protein binds complex-type N-glycans of the viral envelope proteins of Ebola virus, West Nile filovirus, and SARS coronavirus, but not HIV or hepatitis C virus. In mouse, this protein has been shown to recognize activated T-cells and to negatively regulate T-cell receptor-mediated signalling. It also acts as a novel, liver-specific regulator of NK cell-mediated immunity in mouse. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2020]

C-type lectin domain family 4, member F

Predicted to enable galactose binding activity; glycolipid binding activity; and pattern recognition receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in immune response. Predicted to act upstream of or within NK T cell activation. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in external side of plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C-type lectin domain family 4, member E

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type II transmembrane protein is a downstream target of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta (CEBPB) and may play a role in inflammation. Alternative splice variants have been described but their full-length sequence has not been determined. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members on chromosome 12p13 in the natural killer gene complex region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

C-type lectin domain family 4, member D

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members on chromosome 12p13 in the natural killer gene complex region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

C-type lectin domain family 4, member C

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type 2 transmembrane protein may play a role in dendritic cell function. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

osteosarcoma amplified 9, endoplasmic reticulum lectin

This gene encodes a protein that is highly expressed in osteosarcomas. This protein binds to the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a key regulator of the hypoxic response and angiogenesis, and promotes the degradation of one of its subunits. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 1

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. Studies in mice suggested that the expression of this gene may be regulated by MHC class I molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 2

Predicted to enable carbohydrate binding activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxicity and secrete cytokines after immune stimulation. Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including the rodent NKRP1 family of glycoproteins, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. The KLRB1 protein contains an extracellular domain with several motifs characteristic of C-type lectins, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. The KLRB1 protein is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

endoplasmic reticulum lectin 1 pseudogene 1

oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1

This gene encodes a low density lipoprotein receptor that belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. This gene is regulated through the cyclic AMP signaling pathway. The encoded protein binds, internalizes and degrades oxidized low-density lipoprotein. This protein may be involved in the regulation of Fas-induced apoptosis. This protein may play a role as a scavenger receptor. Mutations of this gene have been associated with atherosclerosis, risk of myocardial infarction, and may modify the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3 binding protein

The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. LGALS3BP has been found elevated in the serum of patients with cancer and in those infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It appears to be implicated in immune response associated with natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell cytotoxicity. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization the full length 90K cDNA has been localized to chromosome 17q25. The native protein binds specifically to a human macrophage-associated lectin known as Mac-2 and also binds galectin 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 25, pseudogene

C-type lectin domain family 7, member A

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. The encoded glycoprotein is a small type II membrane receptor with an extracellular C-type lectin-like domain fold and a cytoplasmic domain with an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. It functions as a pattern-recognition receptor that recognizes a variety of beta-1,3-linked and beta-1,6-linked glucans from fungi and plants, and in this way plays a role in innate immune response. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members on chromosome 12p13 in the natural killer gene complex region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ficolin (collagen/fibrinogen domain containing lectin) 2

The product of this gene belongs to the ficolin family of proteins. This family is characterized by the presence of a leader peptide, a short N-terminal segment, followed by a collagen-like region, and a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. This gene is predominantly expressed in the liver, and has been shown to have carbohydrate binding and opsonic activities. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 28, pseudogene

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9D, pseudogene

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 20, pseudogene

C-type lectin domain family 2, member D pseudogene

C-type lectin-like 1

This gene encodes a type II transmembrane, C-type lectin-like protein that is highly expressed on dendritic and B cells. This protein may act as a T-cell costimulatory molecule that enhances interleukin-4 production, and maybe involved in the regulation of the immune response. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily A pseudogene 1

C-type lectin domain family 2, member L

Predicted to enable carbohydrate binding activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C-type lectin domain family 2, member A

Enables protein homodimerization activity. Predicted to be involved in natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including T cell receptor signaling pathway; regulation of actin filament polymerization; and regulation of interleukin-2 production. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C-type lectin domain family 2, member B

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type 2 transmembrane protein may function as a cell activation antigen. An alternative splice variant has been described but its full-length sequence has not been determined. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members on chromosome 12p13 in the natural killer gene complex region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

C-type lectin domain family 2, member D

This gene encodes a member of the natural killer cell receptor C-type lectin family. The encoded protein inhibits osteoclast formation and contains a transmembrane domain near the N-terminus as well as the C-type lectin-like extracellular domain. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 14

C-type lectin domain family 16, member A

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin domain containing family. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in introns of this gene have been associated with diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

C-type lectin domain family 14, member A

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. This family member plays a role in cell-cell adhesion and angiogenesis. It functions in filopodia formation, cell migration and tube formation. Due to its presence at higher levels in tumor endothelium than in normal tissue endothelium, it is considered to be a candidate for tumor vascular targeting. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

lectin, galactoside-binding-like

Predicted to enable carbohydrate binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9

The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The protein encoded by this gene is an S-type lectin. It is overexpressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue and might participate in the interaction between the H&RS cells with their surrounding cells and might thus play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease and/or its associated immunodeficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 8

This gene encodes a member of the galectin family. Galectins are beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins with conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. The galectins have been implicated in many essential functions including development, differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix interaction, growth regulation, apoptosis, and RNA splicing. This gene is widely expressed in tumoral tissues and seems to be involved in integrin-like cell interactions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3

This gene encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins. Members of this protein family have an affinity for beta-galactosides. The encoded protein is characterized by an N-terminal proline-rich tandem repeat domain and a single C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain. This protein can self-associate through the N-terminal domain allowing it to bind to multivalent saccharide ligands. This protein localizes to the extracellular matrix, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. This protein plays a role in numerous cellular functions including apoptosis, innate immunity, cell adhesion and T-cell regulation. The protein exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a soluble beta-galactoside binding lectin. The encoded protein is found as a homodimer and can bind to lymphotoxin-alpha. A single nucleotide polymorphism in an intron of this gene can alter the transcriptional level of the protein, with a resultant increased risk of myocardial infarction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 1

The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. This gene product may act as an autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 7

The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Differential and in situ hybridization studies indicate that this lectin is specifically expressed in keratinocytes and found mainly in stratified squamous epithelium. A duplicate copy of this gene (GeneID:653499) is found adjacent to, but on the opposite strand on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 4

The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The expression of this gene is restricted to small intestine, colon, and rectum, and it is underexpressed in colorectal cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

C-type lectin domain family 5, member A

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type II transmembrane protein interacts with dnax-activation protein 12 and may play a role in cell activation. Alternative splice variants have been described but their full-length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 17, pseudogene

C-type lectin domain family 11, member A

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin superfamily. The encoded protein is a secreted sulfated glycoprotein and functions as a growth factor for primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. An alternative splice variant has been described but its biological nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 21, pseudogene

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 8

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins, or SIGLECs (e.g., CD33 (MIM 159590)), are a family of type 1 transmembrane proteins each having a unique expression pattern, mostly in hemopoietic cells. SIGLEC8 is a member of the CD33-like subgroup of SIGLECs, which are localized to 19q13.3-q13.4 and have 2 conserved cytoplasmic tyrosine-based motifs: an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, or ITIM (see MIM 604964), and a motif homologous to one identified in signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM; MIM 603492) that mediates an association with SLAM-associated protein (SAP; MIM 300490) (summarized by Foussias et al., 2000 [PubMed 11095983]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2010]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 9

Predicted to enable monosaccharide binding activity and sialic acid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell adhesion. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of inflammatory response and negative regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment. Predicted to be located in external side of plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 5

This gene encodes a member of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) family. These cell surface lectins are characterized by structural motifs in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and sialic acid recognition sites in the first Ig V set domain. The encoded protein is a member of the CD33-related subset of Siglecs and inhibits the activation of several cell types including monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. Binding of group B Streptococcus (GBS) to the encoded protein plays a role in GBS immune evasion. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 6

This gene encodes a member of the SIGLEC (sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin) family of proteins. The encoded transmembrane receptor binds sialyl-TN glycans and leptin. Placental expression of the encoded protein is upregulated in preeclampsia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 7

Predicted to enable sialic acid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell adhesion. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 1, sialoadhesin

This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is a lectin-like adhesion molecule that binds glycoconjugate ligands on cell surfaces in a sialic acid-dependent manner. It is a type I transmembrane protein expressed only by a subpopulation of macrophages and is involved in mediating cell-cell interactions. The protein plays an important role in multiple human diseases and bacterial and viral infections has been shown to enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2021]

C-type lectin domain family 19, member A

Predicted to enable carbohydrate binding activity. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 26, pseudogene

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 18, pseudogene

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D, member 1

Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct lineage of lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxic activity and secrete cytokines upon immune stimulation. Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including members of the NKG2 family, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. KLRD1 (CD94) is an antigen preferentially expressed on NK cells and is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

lectin, mannose-binding 2-like

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the L-type lectin group of type 1 membrane proteins, which function in the mammalian early secretory pathway. These proteins contain luminal carbohydrate recognition domains, which display homology to leguminous lectins. Unlike other proteins of the group, which cycle in the early secretory pathway and are predominantly associated with post endoplasmic reticulum membranes, the protein encoded by this gene is a non-cycling resident protein of the ER, where it functions as a cargo receptor for glycoproteins. It is proposed to regulate exchange of folded proteins for transport to the Golgi and exchange of misfolded glycoproteins for transport to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. The NKG2 gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed in NK cells. This gene encodes a member of the NKG2 family. The encoded transmembrane protein is characterized by a type II membrane orientation (has an extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. It binds to a diverse family of ligands that include MHC class I chain-related A and B proteins and UL-16 binding proteins, where ligand-receptor interactions can result in the activation of NK and T cells. The surface expression of these ligands is important for the recognition of stressed cells by the immune system, and thus this protein and its ligands are therapeutic targets for the treatment of immune diseases and cancers. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the upstream KLRC4 (killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 4) family member in the same cluster. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

lectin, mannose-binding, 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane mannose-specific lectin that cycles between the endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, and cis-Golgi, functioning as a cargo receptor for glycoprotein transport. The protein has an N-terminal signal sequence, a calcium-dependent and pH-sensitive carbohydrate recognition domain, a stalk region that functions in oligomerization, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic domain required for organelle targeting. Allelic variants of this gene are associated with the autosomal recessive disorder combined factor V-factor VIII deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

lectin, mannose-binding 2

This gene encodes a type I transmembrane lectin that shuttles between the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. The encoded protein binds high mannose type glycoproteins and may facilitate their sorting, trafficking and quality control. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

collectin sub-family member 10 (C-type lectin)

This gene encodes a member of the C-lectin family, proteins that possess collagen-like sequences and carbohydrate recognition domains. The other members of this family are secreted proteins and bind to carbohydrate antigens on microorganisms facilitating their recognition and removal. This gene product is a cytosolic protein, a characteristic that suggests that it may have different biological functions than other C-lectins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 31, pseudogene

C-type lectin domain family 12, member B

Enables protein phosphatase binding activity and signaling receptor inhibitor activity. Involved in several processes, including melanocyte proliferation; natural killer cell inhibitory signaling pathway; and regulation of signal transduction. Located in external side of plasma membrane. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C-type lectin domain family 12, member A

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signaling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The protein encoded by this gene is a negative regulator of granulocyte and monocyte function. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members in the natural killer gene complex region on chromosome 12p13. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 14 pseudogene

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 29, pseudogene

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 1

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor family, also called NKG2 family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. This family of proteins is characterized by the type II membrane orientation and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. This protein forms a complex with another family member, KLRD1/CD94, and has been implicated in the recognition of the MHC class I HLA-E molecules in NK cells. The genes of NKG2 family members form a killer cell lectin-like receptor gene cluster on chromosome 12. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 3

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. KLRC3 is a member of the NKG2 group which are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by a type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. The NKG2 gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed on NK cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 2

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. The group, designated KLRC (NKG2) are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by a type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. The KLRC (NKG2) gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed on NK cells. KLRC2 alternative splice variants have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 4

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. This gene is a member of the NKG2 group of genes that are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells. These family members encode transmembrane proteins that are characterized by a type II membrane orientation (have an extracellular C-terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. This family member is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed in NK cells. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the downstream KLRK1 (killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1) family member. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2, soluble

This gene encodes the soluble mannose-binding lectin or mannose-binding protein found in serum. The protein encoded belongs to the collectin family and is an important element in the innate immune system. The protein recognizes and binds to mannose and N-acetylglucosamine on many microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, and viruses including influenza virus, HIV and SARS-CoV. This binding activates the classical complement pathway. Deficiencies of this gene have been associated with susceptibility to autoimmune and infectious diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]

lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 7B

The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Differential and in situ hybridization studies indicate that this lectin is specifically expressed in keratinocytes and found mainly in stratified squamous epithelium. A duplicate copy of this gene (GeneID:3963) is found adjacent to, but on the opposite strand on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

C-type lectin domain family 3, member B

Enables calcium ion binding activity; heparin binding activity; and kringle domain binding activity. Involved in bone mineralization. Located in cytoplasm; extracellular space; and granular component. Implicated in osteoarthritis and retinal macular dystrophy 4. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C-type lectin domain family 3, member A

Predicted to enable carbohydrate binding activity. Predicted to be involved in ossification. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mannose-binding lectin (protein A) 1, pseudogene

Predicted to enable several functions, including D-mannose binding activity; calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Predicted to be involved in protein homotrimerization. Predicted to act upstream of or within defense response to other organism and positive regulation of phagocytosis. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily F, member 2

Enables protein homodimerization activity. Predicted to be involved in natural killer cell degranulation and positive regulation of cytokine production. Predicted to act upstream of or within natural killer cell activation and positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily F, member 1

KLRF1, an activating homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR), is expressed on nearly all natural killer (NK) cells and stimulates their cytoxicity and cytokine release (Kuttruff et al., 2009 [PubMed 18922855]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009]

C-type lectin domain family 4, member G pseudogene 1

C-type lectin domain family 17, member A

Enables D-mannose binding activity; fucose binding activity; and identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in immune response. Located in cell surface. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

endoplasmic reticulum lectin 1

This gene encodes a resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that functions in N-glycan recognition. This protein is thought to be involved in ER-associated degradation via its interaction with the membrane-associated ubiquitin ligase complex. It also functions as a regulator of multiple cellular stress-response pathways in a manner that promotes metastatic cell survival. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 24, pseudogene

C-type lectin domain family 6, member A

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane receptor with an extracellular C-type lectin-like domain fold. The extracellular portion binds structures with a high mannose content and has been shown to recognize several pathogens, including C. elegans, S. cerevisiae, M. tuberculosis, C. neoformans, and house dust mite. When stimulated, the encoded protein initiates signalling through the CARD9-Bcl10-Malt1 pathway, leading to the induction of cytokines. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

C-type lectin domain family 1, member B pseudogene

mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 1 (C4/C2 activating component of Ra-reactive factor)

This gene encodes a serine protease that functions as a component of the lectin pathway of complement activation. The complement pathway plays an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune response. The encoded protein is synthesized as a zymogen and is activated when it complexes with the pathogen recognition molecules of lectin pathway, the mannose-binding lectin and the ficolins. This protein is not directly involved in complement activation but may play a role as an amplifier of complement activation by cleaving complement C2 or by activating another complement serine protease, MASP-2. The encoded protein is also able to cleave fibrinogen and factor XIII and may may be involved in coagulation. A splice variant of this gene which lacks the serine protease domain functions as an inhibitor of the complement pathway. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 2

This gene encodes a member of the peptidase S1 family of serine proteases. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate A and B chains that heterodimerize to form the mature protease. This protease cleaves complement components C2 and C4 in order to generate C3 convertase in the lectin pathway of the complement system. The encoded protease also plays a role in the coagulation cascade through cleavage of prothrombin to form thrombin. Myocardial infarction and acute stroke patients exhibit reduced serum concentrations of the encoded protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

C-type lectin domain family 10, member A

This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein fold and have diverse functions, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover, and roles in inflammation and immune response. The encoded type 2 transmembrane protein may function as a cell surface antigen. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

C-type lectin domain containing 20A

Predicted to enable carbohydrate binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

killer cell lectin like receptor A1, pseudogene

C-type lectin like 1, pseudogene

This gene encodes a type II transmembrane, C-type lectin-like protein that is highly expressed on dendritic and B cells. This protein may act as a T-cell costimulatory molecule that enhances interleukin-4 production, and maybe involved in the regulation of the immune response. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]