Harmonizome 3.0

B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the RAF family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This protein plays a role in regulating the MAP kinase/ERK signaling pathway, which affects cell division, differentiation, and secretion. Mutations in this gene, most commonly the V600E mutation, are the most frequently identified cancer-causing mutations in melanoma, and have been identified in various other cancers as well, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal cancer, thyroid carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, hairy cell leukemia and adenocarcinoma of lung. Mutations in this gene are also associated with cardiofaciocutaneous, Noonan, and Costello syndromes, which exhibit overlapping phenotypes. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase

This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase

Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process; regulation of TOR signaling; and regulation of protein metabolic process. Predicted to be active in cytosol and mitochondrion. Biomarker of high grade glioma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog 2

This gene encodes a member of the R-Ras subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases. The encoded protein associates with the plasma membrane and may function as a signal transducer. This protein may play an important role in activating signal transduction pathways that control cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with the growth of certain tumors. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 1 and 2. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog

This is an N-ras oncogene encoding a membrane protein that shuttles between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. This shuttling is regulated through palmitoylation and depalmitoylation by the ZDHHC9-GOLGA7 complex. The encoded protein, which has intrinsic GTPase activity, is activated by a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor and inactivated by a GTPase activating protein. Mutations in this gene have been associated with somatic rectal cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog

The protein encoded by this gene is a small GTPase involved in diverse processes including angiogenesis, vascular homeostasis and regeneration, cell adhesion, and neuronal axon guidance. Mutations in this gene are found in many invasive cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog 2 pseudogene

related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog 2 pseudogene

RAB33A, member RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family. It is GTP-binding protein and may be involved in vesicle transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a small GTP-binding protein of the Rab GTPase family, whose members function in vesicle transport during protein secretion and endocytosis. Rab GTPases are active, membrane-associated proteins that recruit effector proteins in the GTP-bound state and inactive cytosolic proteins when in a GDP-bound state. The protein encoded by this gene is ubiquitously expressed and has been implicated in Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum cycling of Golgi enzymes. In addition, this protein regulates Golgi homeostasis and coordinates intra-Golgi retrograde trafficking. Allelic variants in this gene have been associated with Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome and Smith-McCort dysplasia 2, which are autosomal recessive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias characterized by skeletal abnormalities. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2) pseudogene

RAB9A, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 2

RAB9A, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 1

RAB9A, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 4

RAB9A, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 5

Ras and Rab interactor 1

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity and small GTPase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to act upstream of or within associative learning; memory; and negative regulation of synaptic plasticity. Located in cytoplasm and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ras and Rab interactor 3

Summary: This protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RIN family of Ras interaction-interference proteins, which are binding partners to the RAB5 small GTPases. The protein functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange for RAB5B and RAB31. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

Ras and Rab interactor 2

The RAB5 protein is a small GTPase involved in membrane trafficking in the early endocytic pathway. The protein encoded by this gene binds the GTP-bound form of the RAB5 protein preferentially over the GDP-bound form, and functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAB5. The encoded protein is found primarily as a tetramer in the cytoplasm and does not bind other members of the RAB family. Mutations in this gene cause macrocephaly alopecia cutis laxa and scoliosis (MACS) syndrome, an elastic tissue disorder, as well as the related connective tissue disorder, RIN2 syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

RAS p21 protein activator 4

This gene encodes a member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins that suppresses the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in response to Ca(2+). Stimuli that increase intracellular Ca(2+) levels result in the translocation of this protein to the plasma membrane, where it activates Ras GTPase activity. Consequently, Ras is converted from the active GTP-bound state to the inactive GDP-bound state and no longer activates downstream pathways that regulate gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAS p21 protein activator (GTPase activating protein) 1

The protein encoded by this gene is located in the cytoplasm and is part of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. The gene product stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21 but not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of RAS, thereby allowing control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Mutations leading to changes in the binding sites of either protein are associated with basal cell carcinomas. Mutations also have been associated with hereditary capillary malformations (CM) with or without arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and Parkes Weber syndrome. Alternative splicing results in two isoforms where the shorter isoform, lacking the N-terminal hydrophobic region but retaining the same activity, appears to be abundantly expressed in placental but not adult tissues. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

RAS p21 protein activator 2

The protein encoded by this gene is member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. The gene product stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21 but not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of RAS, thereby allowing control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

RAS p21 protein activator 3

This gene encodes a protein that binds inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate and stimulates the GTPase activity of Ras p21. This protein functions as a negative regulator of the Ras signalling pathway. It is localized to the cell membrane via a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain in the C-terminal region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

RAB6A, member RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a member of the RAB family, which belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. GTPases of the RAB family bind to various effectors to regulate the targeting and fusion of transport carriers to acceptor compartments. This protein is located at the Golgi apparatus, which regulates trafficking in both a retrograde (from early endosomes and Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum) and an anterograde (from the Golgi to the plasma membrane) directions. Myosin II is an effector of this protein in these processes. This protein is also involved in assembly of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) by interacting with the cellular protein Bicaudal D1, which interacts with the HCMV virion tegument protein, pp150. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

RAB6B, member RAS oncogene family

Enables myosin V binding activity. Involved in Golgi organization and protein localization to Golgi membrane. Located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB6C, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GTPase activity. Involved in mitotic cell cycle; regulation of centrosome duplication; and response to xenobiotic stimulus. Located in Golgi apparatus and centrosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 1

RAB27A, member RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family. The protein is membrane-bound and may be involved in protein transport and small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Mutations in this gene are associated with Griscelli syndrome type 2. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and four transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAB27B, member RAS oncogene family

Enables guanyl ribonucleotide binding activity; myosin V binding activity; and protein domain specific binding activity. Involved in multivesicular body sorting pathway and positive regulation of exocytosis. Located in Golgi stack and cytoplasmic vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB13, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

RAB42, member RAS oncogene family, pseudogene 1

RAB28, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 2

RAB28, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 3

RAB28, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 1

RAB28, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 4

RAB28, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 5

RAN, member RAS oncogene family

RAN (ras-related nuclear protein) is a small GTP binding protein belonging to the RAS superfamily that is essential for the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. The RAN protein is also involved in control of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Nuclear localization of RAN requires the presence of regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1). Mutations in RAN disrupt DNA synthesis. Because of its many functions, it is likely that RAN interacts with several other proteins. RAN regulates formation and organization of the microtubule network independently of its role in the nucleus-cytosol exchange of macromolecules. RAN could be a key signaling molecule regulating microtubule polymerization during mitosis. RCC1 generates a high local concentration of RAN-GTP around chromatin which, in turn, induces the local nucleation of microtubules. RAN is an androgen receptor (AR) coactivator that binds differentially with different lengths of polyglutamine within the androgen receptor. Polyglutamine repeat expansion in the AR is linked to Kennedy's disease (X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy). RAN coactivation of the AR diminishes with polyglutamine expansion within the AR, and this weak coactivation may lead to partial androgen insensitivity during the development of Kennedy's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Ras converting CAAX endopeptidase 1

This gene encodes an integral membrane protein which is classified as a member of the metalloproteinase family. This enzyme is thought to function in the maintenance and processing of CAAX-type prenylated proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Ras homolog enriched in brain pseudogene

Ras-related GTP binding A pseudogene 1

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pseudogene 5

This locus encodes one of the pseudogenes of the functional ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 gene (RAC1, GeneID:5879) located on chr 7. It is intronless, shares overall 93% sequence identity with the RAC1 gene, and has enough differences in the coding region so as not to be able to code for a functional protein. There is no evidence of transcription at this pseudogene locus on chr 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pseudogene 4

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pseudogene 1

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pseudogene 3

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pseudogene 2

RAS guanyl releasing protein 2 (calcium and DAG-regulated)

The protein encoded by this gene is a brain-enriched nucleotide exchanged factor that contains an N-terminal GEF domain, 2 tandem repeats of EF-hand calcium-binding motifs, and a C-terminal diacylglycerol/phorbol ester-binding domain. This protein can activate small GTPases, including RAS and RAP1/RAS3. The nucleotide exchange activity of this protein can be stimulated by calcium and diacylglycerol. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

RAS guanyl releasing protein 3 (calcium and DAG-regulated)

The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates the oncogenes HRAS and RAP1A. Defects in this gene have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and several cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (calcium and DAG-regulated)

This gene is a member of a family of genes characterized by the presence of a Ras superfamily guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain. It functions as a diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. It activates the Erk/MAP kinase cascade and regulates T-cells and B-cells development, homeostasis and differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Altered expression of the different isoforms of this protein may be a cause of susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAS guanyl releasing protein 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ras guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein (RasGRP) family of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors. It contains a Ras exchange motif, a diacylglycerol-binding domain, and two calcium-binding EF hands. This protein was shown to activate H-Ras in a cation-dependent manner in vitro. Expression of this protein in myeloid cell lines was found to be correlated with elevated level of activated RAS protein, and the RAS activation can be greatly enhanced by phorbol ester treatment, which suggested a role of this protein in diacylglycerol regulated cell signaling pathways. Studies of a mast cell leukemia cell line expressing substantial amounts of abnormal transcripts of this gene indicated that this gene may play an important role in the final stages of mast cell development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

RAB5A, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GDP binding activity; GTP binding activity; and GTPase activity. Involved in several processes, including amyloid-beta clearance by transcytosis; early endosome to late endosome transport; and regulation of exocytosis. Located in several cellular components, including cytoplasmic side of early endosome membrane; nucleoplasm; and terminal bouton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB5C, member RAS oncogene family

Members of the Rab protein family are small GTPases of the Ras superfamily that are thought to ensure fidelity in the process of docking and/or fusion of vesicles with their correct acceptor compartment (Han et al., 1996 [PubMed 8646882]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

RAB5B, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GDP binding activity; GTP-dependent protein binding activity; and GTPase activity. Involved in antigen processing and presentation and plasma membrane to endosome transport. Located in endosome and extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB29, member RAS oncogene family

Enables several functions, including dynein complex binding activity; guanyl ribonucleotide binding activity; and kinesin binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of receptor recycling; and retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi. Located in several cellular components, including Golgi apparatus; endosome; and vacuole. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

muscle RAS oncogene homolog

This gene encodes a member of the Ras family of small GTPases. These membrane-associated proteins function as signal transducers in multiple processes including cell growth and differentiation, and dysregulation of Ras signaling has been associated with many types of cancer. The encoded protein may play a role in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and MAP kinase signaling pathways. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family pseudogene

Predicted to enable GDP binding activity; GTP binding activity; and GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in Rap protein signal transduction; cellular response to cAMP; and negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Predicted to be located in cytosol and membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB22A, member RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAB family of small GTPases. The GTP-bound form of the encoded protein has been shown to interact with early-endosomal antigen 1, and may be involved in the trafficking of and interaction between endosomal compartments. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ras homolog family member T1

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Involved in several processes, including mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization; mitochondrion transport along microtubule; and regulation of mitochondrion organization. Located in mitochondrial outer membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ras homolog family member T2

This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of GTPases. The encoded protein is localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and plays a role in mitochondrial trafficking and fusion-fission dynamics. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1

This gene encodes a protein containing several motifs involved in protein-protein interaction, including PDZ, PH (Pleckstrin homology), and SAM (sterile alpha motif) domains. The encoded protein acts as a scaffold component for receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and may mediate crosstalk between different signaling pathways. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2

This gene encodes a multidomain protein that functions as a scaffold protein to mediate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways downstream from Ras. This gene product is induced by vitamin D and inhibits apoptosis in certain cancer cells. It may also play a role in ternary complex assembly of synaptic proteins at the postsynaptic membrane and coupling of signal transduction to membrane/cytoskeletal remodeling. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

RAB40C, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in exocytosis. Located in Golgi apparatus and lipid droplet. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB40B, member RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene has similarity to a yeast protein which suggests a role of the gene product in regulating secretory vesicles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAB40A, member RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a member of the Rab40 subfamily of Rab small GTP-binding proteins that contains a C-terminal suppressors of cytokine signaling box. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a member of the RAS-like small GTP-binding protein superfamily. Members of this family regulate multiple cellular processes including cell adhesion and growth and differentiation. This protein localizes to cellular membranes and has been shown to regulate integrin-mediated cell signaling. This protein also plays a role in regulating outside-in signaling in platelets. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 9. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a member of the Ras family of small GTPases. The encoded protein undergoes a change in conformational state and activity, depending on whether it is bound to GTP or GDP. This protein is activated by several types of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and inactivated by two groups of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The activation status of the encoded protein is therefore affected by the balance of intracellular levels of GEFs and GAPs. The encoded protein regulates signaling pathways that affect cell proliferation and adhesion, and may play a role in tumor malignancy. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 14 and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related) pseudogene

ras responsive element binding protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to RAS-responsive elements (RREs) of gene promoters. It has been shown that the calcitonin gene promoter contains an RRE and that the encoded protein binds there and increases expression of calcitonin, which may be involved in Ras/Raf-mediated cell differentiation. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

RAB39B, member RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a member of the Rab family of proteins. Rab proteins are small GTPases that are involved in vesicular trafficking. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked cognitive disability. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

RAB39A, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Involved in phagosome acidification and phagosome-lysosome fusion. Located in phagocytic vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ras homolog family member G pseudogene

Ras suppressor protein 1 pseudogene 1

Ras suppressor protein 1 pseudogene 2

RAB8B, member RAS oncogene family

RAB proteins, like RAB8B, are low molecular mass monomeric GTPases that localize on the cytoplasmic surfaces of distinct membrane-bound organelles. RAB proteins function in intracellular vesicle transport by aiding in the docking and/or fusion of vesicles with their target membranes (summary by Chen et al., 1997 [PubMed 9030196]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

RAB8A, member RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAS superfamily which are small GTP/GDP-binding proteins with an average size of 200 amino acids. The RAS-related proteins of the RAB/YPT family may play a role in the transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and the plasma membrane. This protein shares 97%, 96%, and 51% similarity with the dog RAB8, mouse MEL, and mouse YPT1 proteins, respectively and contains the 4 GTP/GDP-binding sites that are present in all the RAS proteins. The putative effector-binding site of this protein is similar to that of the RAB/YPT proteins. However, this protein contains a C-terminal CAAX motif that is characteristic of many RAS superfamily members but which is not found in YPT1 and the majority of RAB proteins. Although this gene was isolated as a transforming gene from a melanoma cell line, no linkage between MEL and malignant melanoma has been demonstrable. This oncogene is located 800 kb distal to MY09B on chromosome 19p13.1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Ras association and DIL domains

Predicted to enable GTPase binding activity. Acts upstream of or within substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading. Located in microtubule. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

secretion associated, Ras related GTPase 1A

Enables G protein activity and amino acid sensor activity. Involved in COPII-coated vesicle budding; cellular response to leucine starvation; and negative regulation of TORC1 signaling. Is active in COPII vesicle coat; endoplasmic reticulum exit site; and lysosomal membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

secretion associated, Ras related GTPase 1B

The protein encoded by this gene is a small GTPase that acts as a homodimer. The encoded protein is activated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor PREB and is involved in protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. This protein is part of the COPII coat complex. Defects in this gene are a cause of chylomicron retention disease (CMRD), also known as Anderson disease (ANDD). Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

RAS and EF-hand domain containing

This gene is a member of the Rab family of GTPases that are involved in regulation of membrane traffic. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal EF-hand domain, a coiled-coil motif and a C-terminal Rab domain. A potential role as tumor suppressor has been indicated for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related)

The product of this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Ras family of proteins. GTP-binding proteins mediate the transmembrane signaling initiated by the occupancy of certain cell surface receptors. This gene encodes a low molecular mass ras-like GTP-binding protein that shares about 50% similarity with other ras proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAB28, member RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a member of the Rab subfamily of Ras-related small GTPases. The encoded protein may be involved in regulating intracellular trafficking. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 9 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

RAB7B, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Involved in late endosome to Golgi transport; positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation; and regulation of gene expression. Located in cytoplasmic vesicle; lysosome; and trans-Golgi network. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB7A, member RAS oncogene family

RAB family members are small, RAS-related GTP-binding proteins that are important regulators of vesicular transport. Each RAB protein targets multiple proteins that act in exocytic / endocytic pathways. This gene encodes a RAB family member that regulates vesicle traffic in the late endosomes and also from late endosomes to lysosomes. This encoded protein is also involved in the cellular vacuolation of the VacA cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori. Mutations at highly conserved amino acid residues in this gene have caused some forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) type 2 neuropathies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ras homolog family member T1 pseudogene 3

ras homolog family member T1 pseudogene 2

ras homolog family member V

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity; GTPase activity; and protein kinase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including Cdc42 protein signal transduction; actin filament organization; and endocytosis. Predicted to be located in endosome membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ras homolog family member U

This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of GTPases. This protein can activate PAK1 and JNK1, and can induce filopodium formation and stress fiber dissolution. It may also mediate the effects of WNT1 signaling in the regulation of cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and cell proliferation. A non-coding transcript variant of this gene results from naturally occurring read-through transcription between this locus and the neighboring DUSP5P (dual specificity phosphatase 5 pseudogene) locus.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

ras homolog family member J

This gene encodes one of the many small GTP-binding proteins in the Rho family shown to be associated with focal adhesions in endothelial cells (PMID: 21148427, 22103495). The encoded protein is activated by vascular endothelial growth factor and may regulate angiogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

ras homolog family member H

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ras superfamily of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing enzymes. The encoded protein is expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it functions as a negative regulator of cell growth and survival. This gene may be hypermutated or misexpressed in leukemias and lymphomas. Chromosomal translocations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occur between this locus and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) on chromosome 3, leading to the production of fusion transcripts. Alternative splicing in the 5' untranslated region results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

ras homolog family member C

This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. The protein encoded by this gene is prenylated at its C-terminus, and localizes to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. It is thought to be important in cell locomotion. Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ras homolog family member B

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to hydrogen peroxide; cellular response to ionizing radiation; and regulation of cell migration. Located in cleavage furrow and endosome membrane. Biomarker of breast cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ras homolog family member A

This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

ras homolog family member G

This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. The encoded protein facilitates translocation of a functional guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane where ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 is activated to promote lamellipodium formation and cell migration. Two related pseudogene have been identified on chromosomes 20 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ras homolog family member D

Ras homolog, or Rho, proteins interact with protein kinases and may serve as targets for activated GTPase. They play a critical role in muscle differentiation. The protein encoded by this gene binds GTP and is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. It is involved in endosome dynamics and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and it may coordinate membrane transport with the function of the cytoskeleton. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) similar to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC25 gene product. Functional analysis has demonstrated that this protein stimulates the dissociation of GDP from RAS protein. The studies of the similar gene in mouse suggested that the Ras-GEF activity of this protein in brain can be activated by Ca2+ influx, muscarinic receptors, and G protein beta-gamma subunit. Mouse studies also indicated that the Ras-GEF signaling pathway mediated by this protein may be important for long-term memory. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2

RAS GTPases cycle between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state. This gene encodes a calcium-regulated nucleotide exchange factor activating both RAS and RAS-related protein, RAC1, through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP, thereby, coordinating the signaling of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

Ras homolog enriched in brain

This gene is a member of the small GTPase superfamily and encodes a lipid-anchored, cell membrane protein with five repeats of the RAS-related GTP-binding region. This protein is vital in regulation of growth and cell cycle progression due to its role in the insulin/TOR/S6K signaling pathway. The protein has GTPase activity and shuttles between a GDP-bound form and a GTP-bound form, and farnesylation of the protein is required for this activity. Three pseudogenes have been mapped, two on chromosome 10 and one on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Ras interacting protein 1

Enables GTPase binding activity and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction; negative regulation of metabolic process; and positive regulation of integrin activation. Located in cell-cell junction. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAS p21 protein activator 4C, pseudogene

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2)

This gene encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing proteins. The encoded protein localizes to the plasma membrane, where it regulates diverse processes, such as secretion, phagocytosis, and cell polarization. Activity of this protein is also involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Mutations in this gene are associated with neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac3)

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1)

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) and pleckstrin homology domains 1

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Mig10/Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule/Lamellipodin family of adapter proteins, which function in cell migration. Members of this family contain pleckstrin-homology domains, Ras-association domains, and proline-rich C-termini. The protein encoded by this gene regulates actin dynamics through interaction with Ena/Vasodilator proteins as well as direct binding to filamentous actin to regulate actin network assembly. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family (N-terminal) member 9

The protein encoded by this gene localizes to perinuclear endosomes. This protein associates with peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase, and may be involved with the trafficking of this enzyme through secretory or endosomal pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family (N-terminal) member 8

This gene encodes a member of the Ras-assocation domain family (RASSF) of tumor suppressor proteins. This gene is essential for maintaining adherens junction function in epithelial cells and has a role in epithelial cell migration. It is a lung tumor suppressor gene candidate. A chromosomal translocation t(12;22)(p11.2;q13.3) leading to the fusion of this gene and the FBLN1 gene is found in a complex type of synpolydactyly. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1

This gene encodes a protein similar to the RAS effector proteins. Loss or altered expression of this gene has been associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of cancers, which suggests the tumor suppressor function of this gene. The inactivation of this gene was found to be correlated with the hypermethylation of its CpG-island promoter region. The encoded protein was found to interact with DNA repair protein XPA. The protein was also shown to inhibit the accumulation of cyclin D1, and thus induce cell cycle arrest. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 3

The RAS oncogene (MIM 190020) is mutated in nearly one-third of all human cancers. Members of the RAS superfamily are plasma membrane GTP-binding proteins that modulate intracellular signal transduction pathways. A subfamily of RAS effectors, including RASSF3, share a RAS association (RA) domain.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2003]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 2

This gene encodes a protein that contains a Ras association domain. Similar to its cattle and sheep counterparts, this gene is located near the prion gene. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same isoform have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 5

This gene is a member of the Ras association domain family. It functions as a tumor suppressor, and is inactivated in a variety of cancers. The encoded protein localizes to centrosomes and microtubules, and associates with the GTP-activated forms of Ras, Rap1, and several other Ras-like small GTPases. The protein regulates lymphocyte adhesion and suppresses cell growth in response to activated Rap1 or Ras. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 4

The function of this gene has not yet been determined but may involve a role in tumor suppression. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, most of the variants have not been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family (N-terminal) member 7

Predicted to be involved in apoptotic process and signal transduction. Located in centriolar satellite. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 6

This gene encodes a member of the Ras-association domain family (RASSF). Members of this family form the core of a highly conserved tumor suppressor network, the Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway. The protein encoded by this gene is a Ras effector protein that induces apoptosis. A genomic region containing this gene has been linked to susceptibility to viral bronchiolitis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 6

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 7

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 5

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 2

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 3

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 1

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 8

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 9

RAB5A, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

RAB2A, member RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Rab family, members of which are small molecular weight guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that contain highly conserved domains involved in GTP binding and hydrolysis. The Rabs are membrane-bound proteins, involved in vesicular fusion and trafficking. This protein is a resident of pre-Golgi intermediates, and is required for protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

RAB2B, member RAS oncogene family

Members of the Rab protein family are nontransforming monomeric GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily that contain 4 highly conserved regions involved in GTP binding and hydrolysis. Rab proteins are prenylated, membrane-bound proteins involved in vesicular fusion and trafficking; see MIM 179508.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2006]

RAB20, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GTPase activity. Involved in phagosome acidification and phagosome-lysosome fusion. Located in Golgi apparatus and phagocytic vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB21, member RAS oncogene family

This gene belongs to the Rab family of monomeric GTPases, which are involved in the control of cellular membrane traffic. The encoded protein plays a role in the targeted trafficking of integrins via its association with integrin alpha tails. As a consequence, the encoded protein is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration. Expression of this gene is associated with a poor prognosis for glioma patients. This gene is downregulated by the tumor suppressor miR-200b, and miRNA-200b is itself downregulated in glioma tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

RAB23, member RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a small GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Rab proteins are involved in the regulation of diverse cellular functions associated with intracellular membrane trafficking, including autophagy and immune response to bacterial infection. The encoded protein may play a role in central nervous system development by antagonizing sonic hedgehog signaling. Disruption of this gene has been implicated in Carpenter syndrome as well as cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

RAB24, member RAS oncogene family

RAB24 is a small GTPase of the Rab subfamily of Ras-related proteins that regulate intracellular protein trafficking (Olkkonen et al., 1993 [PubMed 8126105]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009]

RAB25, member RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases. The encoded protein is involved in membrane trafficking and cell survival. This gene has been found to be a tumor suppressor and an oncogene, depending on the context. Two variants, one protein-coding and the other not, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

RAB26, member RAS oncogene family

Members of the RAB protein family, including RAB26, are important regulators of vesicular fusion and trafficking. The RAB family of small G proteins regulates intercellular vesicle trafficking, including exocytosis, endocytosis, and recycling (summary by Seki et al., 2000 [PubMed 11043516]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

ras homolog family member T1 pseudogene 1

v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related) pseudogene

RAB3A, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GTPase activity and myosin V binding activity. Involved in several processes, including acrosomal vesicle exocytosis; plasma membrane repair; and regulation of plasma membrane repair. Located in perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kinase suppressor of ras 1

Enables 14-3-3 protein binding activity and ATP binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of MAPK cascade. Located in cytosol; endoplasmic reticulum; and membrane. Part of protein-containing complex. Implicated in breast adenocarcinoma. Biomarker of breast cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kinase suppressor of ras 2

Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in Ras protein signal transduction; calcium-mediated signaling; and positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of MAPK cascade. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in cytosol and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAP2B, member of RAS oncogene family

This intronless gene belongs to a family of RAS-related genes. The proteins encoded by these genes share approximately 50% amino acid identity with the classical RAS proteins and have numerous structural features in common. The most striking difference between the RAP and RAS proteins resides in their 61st amino acid: glutamine in RAS is replaced by threonine in RAP proteins. Evidence suggests that this protein may be polyisoprenylated and palmitoylated. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAP2C, member of RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ras-related protein subfamily of the Ras GTPase superfamily. Members of this family are small GTPases that act as molecular switches to regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This protein has been reported to activate in vitro transcriptional activity of the serum response element. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

RAP2A, member of RAS oncogene family

Enables GTPase activity; guanyl ribonucleotide binding activity; and magnesium ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including microvillus assembly; positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation; and regulation of dendrite morphogenesis. Acts upstream of or within establishment of protein localization. Located in plasma membrane and recycling endosome membrane. Is active in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ras-related associated with diabetes

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and calcium channel regulator activity. Predicted to be involved in small GTPase-mediated signal transduction. Predicted to be located in T-tubule. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. Implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomarker of congestive heart failure. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family (N-terminal) member 10

Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation and positive regulation of neurogenesis. Predicted to be located in centrosome; cytosol; and spindle pole. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAS p21 protein activator 4B

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity; metal ion binding activity; and phospholipid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cellular response to calcium ion; intracellular signal transduction; and negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cytosol and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ras homolog family member A pseudogene

RAB19, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in autophagosome assembly and intracellular protein transport. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB18, member RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of Ras-related small GTPases that regulate membrane trafficking in organelles and transport vesicles. Knockdown studies is zebrafish suggest that this protein may have a role in eye and brain development. Mutations in this gene are associated with Warburg micro syndrome type 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

RAB10, member RAS oncogene family

RAB10 belongs to the RAS (see HRAS; MIM 190020) superfamily of small GTPases. RAB proteins localize to exocytic and endocytic compartments and regulate intracellular vesicle trafficking (Bao et al., 1998 [PubMed 9918381]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009]

RAB13, member RAS oncogene family

This gene is a member of the Rab family of small G proteins and plays a role in regulating membrane trafficking between trans-Golgi network (TGN) and recycling endosomes (RE). The encoded protein is involved in the assembly of tight junctions, which are components of the apical junctional complex (AJC) of epithelial cells. The AJC plays a role in forming a barrier between luminal contents and the underlying tissue. Additional functions associated with the protein include endocytic recycling of occludin, regulation of epithelial cell scattering, neuronal regeneration and regulation of neurite outgrowth. Alternately spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

RAB12, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GDP binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including endocytic recycling; endosome to lysosome transport; and positive regulation of macroautophagy. Predicted to act upstream of or within cellular response to type II interferon. Predicted to be located in lysosome; phagocytic vesicle; and recycling endosome membrane. Predicted to be active in cytoplasmic vesicle and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB14, member RAS oncogene family

RAB14 belongs to the large RAB family of low molecular mass GTPases that are involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. These proteins act as molecular switches that flip between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state in which they recruit downstream effector proteins onto membranes (Junutula et al., 2004 [PubMed 15004230]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009]

RAB17, member RAS oncogene family

The Rab subfamily of small GTPases plays an important role in the regulation of membrane trafficking. RAB17 is an epithelial cell-specific GTPase (Lutcke et al., 1993 [PubMed 8486736]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009]

RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Members of the gene family cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound forms. This small GTPase controls vesicle traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene which encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

RAB1C, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

Predicted to enable GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in autophagosome assembly and intracellular protein transport. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and membrane. Predicted to be active in endomembrane system. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB1B, member RAS oncogene family

Members of the RAB protein family, such as RAB1B, are low molecular mass monomeric GTPases localized on the cytoplasmic surfaces of distinct membrane-bound organelles. RAB1B functions in the early secretory pathway and is essential for vesicle transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi (Chen et al., 1997 [PubMed 9030196]; Alvarez et al., 2003 [PubMed 12802079]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2009]

ras homolog family member Q

This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. The encoded protein is an important signalling protein for sarcomere assembly and has been shown to play a significant role in the exocytosis of the solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 and other proteins, possibly acting as the signal that turns on the membrane fusion machinery. Three related pseudogene have been identified on chromosomes 2 and 14. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ras homolog family member F (in filopodia)

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity; GTPase activity; and protein kinase binding activity. Involved in actin filament organization. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB9A, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GDP binding activity; GTP binding activity; and GTPase activity. Involved in negative regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity; positive regulation of exocytosis; and regulation of protein localization. Located in late endosome; lysosome; and phagocytic vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB9B, member RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of RAS small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins that regulate membrane trafficking. The encoded protein may be involved in endosome-to-Golgi transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

ras homolog family member Q pseudogene 1

ras homolog family member Q pseudogene 2

ras homolog family member Q pseudogene 3

RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family pseudogene

Ras-homolog enriched in brain pseudogene 1

Ras-homolog enriched in brain pseudogene 3

Ras-homolog enriched in brain pseudogene 2

RAB9B, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 1

ES cell expressed Ras

This gene encodes a constitutively active member of the small GTPase Ras protein family. The encoded protein activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signal transduction pathway in undifferentiated stem cells, but is not expressed in differentiated cells. This gene may be involved in cancer and chemotherapy resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

RAB4B, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GTPase activity. Involved in D-glucose import; early endosome to Golgi transport; and endosomal vesicle fusion. Located in insulin-responsive compartment; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; and recycling endosome. Is active in early endosome membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB4A, member RAS oncogene family

This gene is a member of the largest group in the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, which regulate membrane trafficking. The encoded protein is associated with early endosomes and is involved in their sorting and recycling. The protein also plays a role in regulating the recycling of receptors from endosomes to the plasma membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

RAB44, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in vesicle-mediated transport. Predicted to act upstream of or within histamine secretion by mast cell and histamine secretion mediated by IgE immunoglobulin. Predicted to be located in azurophil granule membrane; plasma membrane; and specific granule membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB42, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GDP binding activity; GTP binding activity; and GTPase activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB43, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GTPase activity. Involved in Golgi organization; phagosome maturation; and retrograde transport, plasma membrane to Golgi. Located in Golgi apparatus and phagocytic vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB41, member RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a small GTP-binding protein that belongs to the largest family within the Ras superfamily. These proteins function as regulators of membrane trafficking. They cycle between inactive GDP-bound and activated GTP-bound states, which is controlled by GTP hydrolysis-activating proteins (GAPs). This family member can be activated by the GAP protein RN-Tre, and it is localized to the Golgi complex. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

Ras-related GTP binding D

RRAGD is a monomeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein, or G protein. By binding GTP or GDP, small G proteins act as molecular switches in numerous cell processes and signaling pathways.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

Ras-related GTP binding A

Enables several functions, including GTP binding activity; protein dimerization activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to amino acid starvation; positive regulation of TORC1 signaling; and tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. Located in GATOR1 complex; lysosome; and nucleoplasm. Part of FNIP-folliculin RagC/D GAP. Is active in lysosomal membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ras-related GTP binding C

This gene encodes a member of the GTR/RAG GTP-binding protein family. The encoded protein is a monomeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein which forms a heterodimer with RRAGA and RRAGB and is primarily localized to the cytoplasm. The encoded protein promotes intracellular localization of the mTOR complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

Ras-related GTP binding B

Ras-homologous GTPases constitute a large family of signal transducers that alternate between an activated, GTP-binding state and an inactivated, GDP-binding state. These proteins represent cellular switches that are operated by GTP-exchange factors and factors that stimulate their intrinsic GTPase activity. All GTPases of the Ras superfamily have in common the presence of six conserved motifs involved in GTP/GDP binding, three of which are phosphate-/magnesium-binding sites (PM1-PM3) and three of which are guanine nucleotide-binding sites (G1-G3). Transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Rab family of the small GTPase superfamily. It is associated with both constitutive and regulated secretory pathways, and may be involved in protein transport. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

RAB11B, member RAS oncogene family

The Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins, which includes the Ras (see MIM 190020), Ral (see MIM 179550), Rho (see MIM 165390), Rap (see MIM 179520), and Rab (see MIM 179508) families, is involved in controlling a diverse set of essential cellular functions. The Rab family, including RAB11B, appears to play a critical role in regulating exocytotic and endocytotic pathways (summary by Zhu et al., 1994 [PubMed 7811277]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

RAB15, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Involved in positive regulation of regulated secretory pathway. Located in cilium; endosome membrane; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB31, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family pseudogene 3

RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family pseudogene 2

RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family pseudogene 1

RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family pseudogene

RAS p21 protein activator 4CD, pseudogene

RAN, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 4

RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene

RAB5C, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 1

RAB5C, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 2

ras homolog family member G pseudogene

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pseudogene 9

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pseudogene 8

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pseudogene 6

RAS, dexamethasone-induced 1

This gene encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases and is induced by dexamethasone. The encoded protein is an activator of G-protein signaling and acts as a direct nucleotide exchange factor for Gi-Go proteins. This protein interacts with the neuronal nitric oxide adaptor protein CAPON, and a nuclear adaptor protein FE65, which interacts with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein. This gene may play a role in dexamethasone-induced alterations in cell morphology, growth and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Epigenetic inactivation of this gene is closely correlated with resistance to dexamethasone in multiple myeloma cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

RAB37, member RAS oncogene family

Rab proteins are low molecular mass GTPases that are critical regulators of vesicle trafficking. For additional background information on Rab proteins, see MIM 179508.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2006]

RAB36, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in vesicle-mediated transport. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB35, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GTPase activity and anion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including endosomal transport; plasma membrane to endosome transport; and protein localization to endosome. Located in several cellular components, including clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle; clathrin-coated pit; and intercellular bridge. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB34, member RAS oncogene family

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the RAB family of proteins, which are small GTPases involved in protein transport. This family member is a Golgi-bound member of the secretory pathway that is involved in the repositioning of lysosomes and the activation of macropinocytosis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. An alternatively spliced transcript variant produces the nine-amino acid residue-repeats (NARR) protein, which is a functionally distinct nucleolar protein resulting from a different reading frame. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

RAB32, member RAS oncogene family

The protein encoded by this gene anchors the type II regulatory subunit of protein kinase A to the mitochondrion and aids in mitochondrial fission. The encoded protein also appears to be involved in autophagy and melanosome secretion. Variations in this gene may be linked to leprosy. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

RAB31, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GDP binding activity and GTP binding activity. Involved in several processes, including Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport; cellular response to insulin stimulus; and receptor internalization. Located in early endosome; phagocytic vesicle; and trans-Golgi network membrane. Biomarker of severe acute respiratory syndrome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB30, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Involved in Golgi organization. Located in Golgi cisterna; cis-Golgi network; and trans-Golgi network. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB38, member RAS oncogene family

Enables several functions, including AP-1 adaptor complex binding activity; AP-3 adaptor complex binding activity; and BLOC-2 complex binding activity. Involved in several processes, including endosome to melanosome transport; melanosome assembly; and phagosome acidification. Located in several cellular components, including cytoplasmic vesicle; lysosome; and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact site. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB3D, member RAS oncogene family

Enables myosin V binding activity. Involved in bone resorption and positive regulation of regulated secretory pathway. Located in cytoplasmic microtubule and secretory vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB3C, member RAS oncogene family

This gene is a member of the RAS oncogene family and encodes a small GTPase. Other similar small GTPases are known to be involved in vesicle trafficking, and the encoded protein was shown to play a role in recycling phagocytosed MHC class 1 complexes to the cell surface. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

RAB3B, member RAS oncogene family

Enables GDP binding activity; GTPase activity; and myosin V binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission; regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle; and regulation of vesicle size. Located in perinuclear region of cytoplasm and vesicle. Is active in dopaminergic synapse and synaptic vesicle membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAB9A, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 3

Ras suppressor protein 1

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in the Ras signal transduction pathway, growth inhibition, and nerve-growth factor induced differentiation processes, as determined in mouse and human cell line studies. In mouse, the encoded protein was initially isolated based on its ability to inhibit v-Ras transformation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been reported; one of these variants was found only in glioma tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pseudogene 7

synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein 1

This gene encodes a Ras GTPase activating protein that is a member of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex. The N-terminal domain of the protein contains a Ras-GAP domain, a pleckstrin homology domain, and a C2 domain that may be involved in binding of calcium and phospholipids. The C-terminal domain consists of a ten histidine repeat region, serine and tyrosine phosphorylation sites, and a T/SXV motif required for postsynaptic scaffold protein interaction. The encoded protein negatively regulates Ras, Rap and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor trafficking to the postsynaptic membrane to regulate synaptic plasticity and neuronal homeostasis. Allelic variants of this gene are associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]

Ras suppressor protein 1 pseudogene 3

RAS guanyl releasing protein 2 (calcium and DAG-regulated) pseudogene

RAB6D, member RAS oncogene family

Predicted to enable GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including Golgi vesicle transport; protein localization to Golgi membrane; and retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi. Located in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]