Harmonizome 3.0

msh homeobox 2 pseudogene 1

msh homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional repressor during embryogenesis through interactions with components of the core transcription complex and other homeoproteins. It may also have roles in limb-pattern formation, craniofacial development, particularly odontogenesis, and tumor growth inhibition. Mutations in this gene, which was once known as homeobox 7, have been associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate 5, Witkop syndrome, Wolf-Hirschom syndrome, and autosomoal dominant hypodontia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

msh homeobox 2

This gene encodes a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. The encoded protein is a transcriptional repressor whose normal activity may establish a balance between survival and apoptosis of neural crest-derived cells required for proper craniofacial morphogenesis. The encoded protein may also have a role in promoting cell growth under certain conditions and may be an important target for the RAS signaling pathways. Mutations in this gene are associated with parietal foramina 1 and craniosynostosis type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POU class 5 homeobox 1B

This intronless gene was thought to be a transcribed pseudogene of POU class 5 homeobox 1, however, it has been reported that this gene can encode a functional protein. The encoded protein is nearly the same length as and highly similar to the POU class 5 homeobox 1 transcription factor, has been shown to be a weak transcriptional activator and may play a role in carcinogenesis and eye development. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

paired-like homeobox 2a

The protein encoded by this gene contains a paired-like homeodomain most similar to that of the Drosophila aristaless gene product. The encoded protein plays a central role in development of the autonomic nervous system. It regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, two catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzymes essential for the differentiation and maintenance of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter phenotype. The encoded protein has also been shown to regulate transcription of the alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

paired-like homeobox 2b

The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins localized to the nucleus. The protein functions as a transcription factor involved in the development of several major noradrenergic neuron populations and the determination of neurotransmitter phenotype. The gene product is linked to enhancement of second messenger-mediated activation of the dopamine beta-hydroylase, c-fos promoters and several enhancers, including cyclic amp-response element and serum-response element. Expansion of a 20 amino acid polyalanine tract in this protein by 5-13 aa has been associated with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

homeobox A13

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. Expansion of a polyalanine tract in the encoded protein can cause hand-foot-uterus syndrome, also known as hand-foot-genital syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox A11

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. This gene is involved in the regulation of uterine development and is required for female fertility. Mutations in this gene can cause radio-ulnar synostosis with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox A10

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor that may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. More specifically, it may function in fertility, embryo viability, and regulation of hematopoietic lineage commitment. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream homeobox A9 (HOXA9) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

double homeobox 4 like 7

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 6

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 5

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 4

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 3

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 2

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 9

Enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding activity. Involved in cell population proliferation and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

double homeobox 4 like 8

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

homeobox B13

This gene encodes a transcription factor that belongs to the homeobox gene family. Genes of this family are highly conserved among vertebrates and essential for vertebrate embryonic development. This gene has been implicated to play a role in fetal skin development and cutaneous regeneration. In mice, a similar gene was shown to exhibit temporal and spatial colinearity in the main body axis of the embryo, but was not expressed in the secondary axes, which suggests functions in body patterning along the axis. This gene and other HOXB genes form a gene cluster at chromosome the 17q21-22 region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha

This gene encodes a homeodomain and LIM-domain containing protein. The encoded protein is a transcription factor that acts as a positive regulator of insulin gene transcription. This gene also plays a role in the development of dopamine producing neurons during embryogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, beta

This gene encodes a member of LIM-homeodomain family of proteins containing two N-terminal zinc-binding LIM domains, 1 homeodomain, and a C-terminal glutamine-rich domain. It functions as a transcription factor, and is essential for the normal development of dorsal limb structures, the glomerular basement membrane, the anterior segment of the eye, and dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. Mutations in this gene are associated with nail-patella syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

gastrulation brain homeobox 2

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of nervous system development and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis; nervous system development; and neural crest cell migration. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

gastrulation brain homeobox 1

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of nervous system development and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within adult walking behavior; neuron differentiation; and proprioception. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

double homeobox protein 4-like

orthopedia homeobox

This gene encodes a member of the homeodomain (HD) family. HD family proteins are helix-turn-helix transcription factors that play key roles in the specification of cell fates. This protein may function during brain development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Meis homeobox 3

This gene encodes a homeobox protein and probable transcriptional regulator. The orthologous protein in mouse controls expression of 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1, which promotes survival of pancreatic beta-cells. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

Meis homeobox 2

This gene encodes a homeobox protein belonging to the TALE ('three amino acid loop extension') family of homeodomain-containing proteins. TALE homeobox proteins are highly conserved transcription regulators, and several members have been shown to be essential contributors to developmental programs. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Meis homeobox 1

Homeobox genes, of which the most well-characterized category is represented by the HOX genes, play a crucial role in normal development. In addition, several homeoproteins are involved in neoplasia. This gene encodes a homeobox protein belonging to the TALE ('three amino acid loop extension') family of homeodomain-containing proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POU class 4 homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of the POU-IV class of neural transcription factors. This protein is expressed in a subset of retinal ganglion cells and may be involved in the developing sensory nervous system. This protein may also promote the growth of cervical tumors. A translocation of this gene is associated with some adult acute myeloid leukemias. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

POU class 4 homeobox 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the POU-domain transcription factor family and may be involved in maintaining visual system neurons in the retina. The level of the encoded protein is also elevated in a majority of breast cancers, resulting in accelerated tumor growth. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

POU class 4 homeobox 3

This gene encodes a member of the POU-domain family of transcription factors. POU-domain proteins have been observed to play important roles in control of cell identity in several systems. This protein is found in the retina and may play a role in determining or maintaining the identities of a small subset of visual system neurons. Defects in this gene are the cause of non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal dominant type 15. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

NANOG neighbor homeobox-like

pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator of several genes, including insulin, somatostatin, glucokinase, islet amyloid polypeptide, and glucose transporter type 2. The encoded nuclear protein is involved in the early development of the pancreas and plays a major role in glucose-dependent regulation of insulin gene expression. Defects in this gene are a cause of pancreatic agenesis, which can lead to early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), as well as maturity onset diabetes of the young type 4 (MODY4). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

NK6 homeobox 2

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation; regulation of DNA-templated transcription; and regulation of myelination. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including central nervous system myelination; pancreatic A cell differentiation; and regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. Implicated in spastic ataxia 8. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NK6 homeobox 3

The NKX family of homeodomain proteins controls numerous developmental processes. Members of the NKX6 subfamily, including NKX6-3, are involved in development of the central nervous system (CNS), gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas (Alanentalo et al., 2006 [PubMed 16326147]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

NK6 homeobox 1

In the pancreas, NKX6.1 is required for the development of beta cells and is a potent bifunctional transcription regulator that binds to AT-rich sequences within the promoter region of target genes Iype et al. (2004) [PubMed 15056733].[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

goosecoid homeobox 2

Goosecoidlike (GSCL), a homeodomain-containing gene, resides in the critical region for VCFS/DGS on 22q11. Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is a developmental disorder characterized by conotruncal heart defects, craniofacial anomalies, and learning disabilities. VCFS is phenotypically related to DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) and both syndromes are associated with hemizygous 22q11 deletions. Because many of the tissues and structures affected in VCFS/DGS derive from the pharyngeal arches of the developing embryo, it is believed that haploinsufficiency of a gene involved in embryonic development may be responsible for its etiology. The gene is expressed in a limited number of adult tissues, as well as in early human development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

leucine twenty homeobox

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger homeobox 4

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger homeobox 3

This gene encodes a transcription factor with multiple homeodomains and zinc finger motifs, and regulates myogenic and neuronal differentiation. The encoded protein suppresses expression of the alpha-fetoprotein gene by binding to an AT-rich enhancer motif. The protein has also been shown to negatively regulate c-Myb, and transactivate the cell cycle inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (also known as p21CIP1). This gene is reported to function as a tumor suppressor in several cancers, and sequence variants of this gene are also associated with atrial fibrillation. Multiple transcript variants expressed from alternate promoters and encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

LIM homeobox 2

This gene encodes a protein belonging to a large protein family, members of which carry the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional regulator. The protein can recapitulate or rescue phenotypes in Drosophila caused by a related protein, suggesting conservation of function during evolution. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

LIM homeobox 3

This gene encodes a member of a large family of proteins which carry the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor that is required for pituitary development and motor neuron specification. Mutations in this gene cause combined pituitary hormone deficiency 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

LIM homeobox 4

This gene encodes a member of a large protein family which contains the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor involved in the control of differentiation and development of the pituitary gland. Mutations in this gene cause combined pituitary hormone deficiency 4. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

LIM homeobox 5

This gene encodes a protein belonging to a large protein family, members of which carry the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional regulator and be involved in the control of differentiation and development of the forebrain. In mice, this protein is essential for the regulation of precursor cell proliferation and the control of neuronal differentiation and migration during hippocampal development. This protein is involved in learning and motor functions in adult mice. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

LIM homeobox 8

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the LIM homeobox family of proteins, which are involved in patterning and differentiation of various tissue types. These proteins contain two tandemly repeated cysteine-rich double-zinc finger motifs known as LIM domains, in addition to a DNA-binding homeodomain. This family member is a transcription factor that plays a role in tooth morphogenesis. It is also involved in oogenesis and in neuronal differentiation. This gene is a candidate gene for cleft palate, and it is also associated with odontoma formation. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

LIM homeobox 9

This gene encodes a member of the LIM homeobox gene family of developmentally expressed transcription factors. The encoded protein contains a homeodomain and two cysteine-rich zinc-binding LIM domains involved in protein-protein interactions. The protein is highly similar to a mouse protein that causes gonadal agenesis when inactivated, suggesting a role in gonadal development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NOBOX oogenesis homeobox

This homeobox gene encodes a transcription factor that is thought to play a role in oogenesis. In mice, it is essential for folliculogenesis and regulation of oocyte-specific genes. Defects in this gene result in premature ovarian failure type 5.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

homeobox A cluster

homeobox A7

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. For example, the encoded protein represses the transcription of differentiation-specific genes during keratinocyte proliferation, but this repression is then overcome by differentiation signals. This gene is highly similar to the antennapedia (Antp) gene of Drosophila. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox A6

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox A5

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. Methylation of this gene may result in the loss of its expression and, since the encoded protein upregulates the tumor suppressor p53, this protein may play an important role in tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox A4

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox A3

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox A2

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. The encoded protein may be involved in the placement of hindbrain segments in the proper location along the anterior-posterior axis during development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox A1

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. The encoded protein may be involved in the placement of hindbrain segments in the proper location along the anterior-posterior axis during development. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene, with only one of the isoforms containing the homeodomain region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox A9

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. This gene is highly similar to the abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene of Drosophila. A specific translocation event which causes a fusion between this gene and the NUP98 gene has been associated with myeloid leukemogenesis. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the upstream homeobox A10 (HOXA10) gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

distal-less homeobox 5

This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. The encoded protein may play a role in bone development and fracture healing. Mutation in this gene, which is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 7, may be associated with split-hand/split-foot malformation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

distal-less homeobox 6

This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. This family is comprised of at least 6 different members that encode proteins with roles in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

distal-less homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus where it may function as a transcriptional regulator of signals from multiple TGF-{beta} superfamily members. The encoded protein may play a role in the control of craniofacial patterning and the differentiation and survival of inhibitory neurons in the forebrain. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

distal-less homeobox 2

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

distal-less homeobox 3

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. Trichodentoosseous syndrome (TDO), an autosomal dominant condition, has been correlated with DLX3 gene mutation. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 17. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the autosomal dominant conditions trichodentoosseous syndrome and amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox 4 like 1

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 17

double homeobox 4 like 16

double homeobox 4 like 15

double homeobox 4 like 14

double homeobox 4 like 13

double homeobox 4 like 12

double homeobox 4 like 11

double homeobox 4 like 10

double homeobox 4 like 19

double homeobox 4 like 18

arginine-fifty homeobox pseudogene 1

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the ARGFX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1

This gene encodes a zinc finger transcription factor. The encoded protein likely plays a role in transcriptional repression of interleukin 2. Mutations in this gene have been associated with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy-3 and late-onset Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

UNC homeobox

This gene encodes a homeobox transcription factor that is involved in somitogenesis and neurogenesis and is required for the maintenance and differentiation of specific elements of the axial skeleton. This gene also plays a role in controlling the development of connections of hypothalamic neurons to pituitary elements, allowing central neurons to reach the peripheral blood circulation and deliver hormones that control peripheral functions. The expression of this gene is associated with an increased frequency of acute myeloid leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

HOP homeobox

The protein encoded by this gene is a homeodomain protein that lacks certain conserved residues required for DNA binding. It was reported that choriocarcinoma cell lines and tissues failed to express this gene, which suggested the possible involvement of this gene in malignant conversion of placental trophoblasts. Studies in mice suggest that this protein may interact with serum response factor (SRF) and modulate SRF-dependent cardiac-specific gene expression and cardiac development. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 8

This gene represents a transcribed retrogene of the Nanog homeobox gene. The putative encoded protein may participate in reprogramming of cancer cells. In vitro studies using a recombinant protein have shown that the protein localizes to the nucleus and can promote cell proliferation, similar to the Nanog protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 9

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 6

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 7

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 4

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 5

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 2

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 3

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 1

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; and stem cell population maintenance. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ISL LIM homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of the LIM/homeodomain family of transcription factors. The encoded protein binds to the enhancer region of the insulin gene, among others, and may play an important role in regulating insulin gene expression. The encoded protein is central to the development of pancreatic cell lineages and may also be required for motor neuron generation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ISL LIM homeobox 2

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in axonogenesis; neuron fate specification; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of neuron differentiation and neuron differentiation. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Nanog homeobox

The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA binding homeobox transcription factor involved in embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation, renewal, and pluripotency. The encoded protein can block ES cell differentiation and can also autorepress its own expression in differentiating cells. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

HESX homeobox 1

This gene encodes a conserved homeobox protein that is a transcriptional repressor in the developing forebrain and pituitary gland. Mutations in this gene are associated with septooptic dysplasia, HESX1-related growth hormone deficiency, and combined pituitary hormone deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

zinc finger homeobox 2

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in regulation of sensory perception of pain. Located in nucleus. Implicated in Marsili syndrome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POU class 6 homeobox 2

This gene encodes a member of the POU protein family characterized by the presence of a bipartite DNA binding domain, consisting of a POU-specific domain and a homeodomain, separated by a variable polylinker. The DNA binding domain may bind to DNA as monomers or as homo- and/or heterodimers, in a sequence-specific manner. The POU family members are transcriptional regulators, many of which are known to control cell type-specific differentiation pathways. This gene is a tumor suppressor involved in Wilms tumor (WT) predisposition. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

POU class 6 homeobox 1

Enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in actin cytoskeleton and nuclear body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

homeobox D cluster

double homeobox 4 like 31, pseudogene

homeobox D8

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. In addition to effects during embryogenesis, this particular gene may also play a role in adult urogenital tract function. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

homeobox D9

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located at 2q31-2q37 chromosome regions. Deletions that removed the entire HOXD gene cluster or 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The exact role of this gene has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox D4

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located at 2q31-2q37 chromosome regions. Deletions that removed the entire HOXD gene cluster or 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in determining positional values in developing limb buds. Alternatively spliced variants have been described but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox D1

This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. This nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in differentiation and limb development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with severe developmental defects on the anterior-posterior (a-p) limb axis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox D3

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located at 2q31-2q37 chromosome regions. Deletions that removed the entire HOXD gene cluster or 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in the regulation of cell adhesion processes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NK1 homeobox 1

This gene encodes a transcription factor that belongs to NKX family of homeodomain-containing proteins which are critical regulators of organ development. In mice, the orthologous gene is expressed predominantly in the brainstem, in the vicinity of serotonergic neurons, and is required for the coordinated crosstalk of factors involved in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Mice with a knockout of the orthologous gene lack subcutaneous fat and intra-abdominal epididymal and mesenteric white adipose tissue two weeks after birth, and die within three weeks after birth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

NK1 homeobox 2

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SEBOX homeobox

Homeodomain proteins, such as SEBOX, play a key role in coordinating gene expression during development (Cinquanta et al., 2000 [PubMed 10922053]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

empty spiracles homeobox 2

This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor that is the homolog to the 'empty spiracles' gene in Drosophila. Research on this gene in humans has focused on its expression in three tissues: dorsal telencephalon, olfactory neuroepithelium, and urogenetial system. It is expressed in the dorsal telencephalon during development in a low rostral-lateral to high caudal-medial gradient and is proposed to pattern the neocortex into defined functional areas. It is also expressed in embryonic and adult olfactory neuroepithelia where it complexes with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and possibly regulates mRNA transport or translation. In the developing urogenital system, it is expressed in epithelial tissues and is negatively regulated by HOXA10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

empty spiracles homeobox 1

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in brain development; neuron differentiation; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including nervous system development; neuroepithelial cell differentiation; and regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation. Located in chromosome and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POU class 1 homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of the POU family of transcription factors that regulate mammalian development. The protein regulates expression of several genes involved in pituitary development and hormone expression. Mutations in this genes result in combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADNP homeobox 2

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in nervous system development and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

even-skipped homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of the even-skipped homeobox family characterized by the presence of a homeodomain closely related to the Drosophila even-skipped (eve) segmentation gene of the pair-rule class. The encoded protein may play an important role as a transcriptional repressor during embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

even-skipped homeobox 2

This gene is located at the 5' end of the HOXD gene cluster on chromosome 2. The encoded protein is a homeobox transcription factor that is related to the protein encoded by the Drosophila even-skipped (eve) gene, a member of the pair-rule class of segmentation genes. A 117 kb microdeletion at the 5' end of the HOXD gene cluster, which includes this gene and the HOXD9-HOXD13 genes, causes synpolydactyly, a dominantly inherited disease resulting in limb malformation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

VENT homeobox pseudogene

zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 pseudogene 1

NANOG neighbor homeobox

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

divergent-paired related homeobox

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This gene is a member of the DPRX homeobox gene family. Evidence of mRNA expression has not yet been found for this gene. Multiple, related processed pseudogenes have been found which are thought to reflect expression of this gene in the germ line or embryonic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

short stature homeobox 2

This gene is a member of the homeobox family of genes that encode proteins containing a 60-amino acid residue motif that represents a DNA binding domain. Homeobox genes have been characterized extensively as transcriptional regulators involved in pattern formation in both invertebrate and vertebrate species. Several human genetic disorders are caused by aberrations in human homeobox genes. This locus represents a pseudoautosomal homeobox gene that is thought to be responsible for idiopathic short stature, and it is implicated in the short stature phenotype of Turner syndrome patients. This gene is considered to be a candidate gene for Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]

activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox

Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a neuroprotective factor that has a stimulatory effect on the growth of some tumor cells and an inhibitory effect on others. This gene encodes a protein that is upregulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide and may be involved in its stimulatory effect on certain tumor cells. The encoded protein contains one homeobox and nine zinc finger domains, suggesting that it functions as a transcription factor. This gene is also upregulated in normal proliferative tissues. Finally, the encoded protein may increase the viability of certain cell types through modulation of p53 activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox protein 4-like protein 4

TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2 pseudogene 1

cut-like homeobox 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the homeodomain family of DNA binding proteins. It may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation and it may also play a role in the cell cycle progession. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

cut-like homeobox 2

This gene encodes a protein which contains three CUT domains and a homeodomain; both domains are DNA-binding motifs. A similar gene, whose gene product possesses different DNA-binding activities, is located on chromosome on chromosome 7. Two pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on chromosomes 10 and 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

double homeobox A pseudogene 10

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ventral anterior homeobox 2

This gene encodes a homeobox protein and is almost exclusively expressed in the ventral portion of the retina during development. In mouse studies, this gene was found to be required for the correct formation of the optic fissure and other aspects of retinal development. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

ventral anterior homeobox 1

This gene encodes a homeo-domain containing protein from a class of homeobox transcription factors which are conserved in vertebrates. Genes of this family are involved in the regulation of body development and morphogenesis. The most conserved genes, called HOX genes are found in special gene clusters. This gene belongs to the VAX subfamily and lies in the vicinity of the EMX homeobox gene family. Another member of VAX family is located on chromosome 2. The encoded protein may play an important role in the development of anterior ventral forebrain and visual system. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

one cut homeobox 3

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be part of transcription regulator complex. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

one cut homeobox 2

This gene encodes a member of the onecut family of transcription factors, which are characterized by a cut domain and an atypical homeodomain. The protein binds to specific DNA sequences and stimulates expression of target genes, including genes involved in melanocyte and hepatocyte differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

one cut homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of the Cut homeobox family of transcription factors. Expression of the encoded protein is enriched in the liver, where it stimulates transcription of liver-expressed genes, and antagonizes glucocorticoid-stimulated gene transcription. This gene may influence a variety of cellular processes including glucose metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and it may also be associated with cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox interacting protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the PBX1 homeodomain protein, inhibiting its transcriptional activation potential by preventing its binding to DNA. The encoded protein, which is primarily cytosolic but can shuttle to the nucleus, also can interact with estrogen receptors alpha and beta and promote the proliferation of breast cancer, brain tumors, and lung cancer. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. More variants exist, but their full-length natures have yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

BarH-like homeobox 2

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including generation of neurons; positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process; and regulation of axon extension. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. Implicated in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biomarker of colorectal cancer; oral squamous cell carcinoma; and stomach cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

double homeobox, 4-like

double homeobox protein 4-like protein 4

short stature homeobox

This gene belongs to the paired homeobox family and is located in the pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) of X and Y chromosomes. Defects in this gene are associated with idiopathic growth retardation and in the short stature phenotype of Turner syndrome patients. This gene is highly conserved across species from mammals to fish to flies. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

developing brain homeobox 2

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; and neural precursor cell proliferation. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

developing brain homeobox 1

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation in spinal cord and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within ventral spinal cord interneuron specification. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

paired related homeobox 1

The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins localized to the nucleus. The protein functions as a transcription co-activator, enhancing the DNA-binding activity of serum response factor, a protein required for the induction of genes by growth and differentiation factors. The protein regulates muscle creatine kinase, indicating a role in the establishment of diverse mesodermal muscle types. Alternative splicing yields two isoforms that differ in abundance and expression patterns. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

paired related homeobox 2

The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins. Expression is localized to proliferating fetal fibroblasts and the developing dermal layer, with downregulated expression in adult skin. Increases in expression of this gene during fetal but not adult wound healing suggest a possible role in mechanisms that control mammalian dermal regeneration and prevent formation of scar response to wounding. The expression patterns provide evidence consistent with a role in fetal skin development and a possible role in cellular proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POU class 3 homeobox 3

This gene encodes a POU-domain containing protein that functions as a transcription factor. The encoded protein recognizes an octamer sequence in the DNA of target genes. This protein may play a role in development of the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

POU class 3 homeobox 2

This gene encodes a member of the POU-III class of neural transcription factors. The encoded protein is involved in neuronal differentiation and enhances the activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone regulated genes. Overexpression of this protein is associated with an increase in the proliferation of melanoma cells. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

POU class 3 homeobox 1

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription; and positive regulation of gene expression. Predicted to act upstream of or within keratinocyte differentiation; nervous system development; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POU class 3 homeobox 4

This gene encodes a member of the POU-III class of neural transcription factors. This family member plays a role in inner ear development. The protein is thought to be involved in the mediation of epigenetic signals which induce striatal neuron-precursor differentiation. Mutations in this gene are associated with X chromosome-linked nonsyndromic mixed deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

anomalous homeobox

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; and skeletal muscle fiber development. Predicted to be part of transcription regulator complex. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

double homeobox 4 like 34, pseudogene

homeobox protein cut-like 1

orthodenticle homeobox 2 pseudogene

arginine-fifty homeobox

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This gene is a member of the ARGFX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

intestine-specific homeobox

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This gene is a member of the RAXLX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox and leucine zipper encoding

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytosol; nucleolus; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POU class 5 homeobox 1

This gene encodes a transcription factor containing a POU homeodomain that plays a key role in embryonic development and stem cell pluripotency. Aberrant expression of this gene in adult tissues is associated with tumorigenesis. This gene can participate in a translocation with the Ewing's sarcoma gene on chromosome 21, which also leads to tumor formation. Alternative splicing, as well as usage of alternative AUG and non-AUG translation initiation codons, results in multiple isoforms. One of the AUG start codons is polymorphic in human populations. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 8, 10, and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013]

homeobox D12

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The exact role of this gene has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox D13

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. Mutations in this particular gene cause synpolydactyly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox D10

This gene is a member of the Abd-B homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox D genes located on chromosome 2. The encoded nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is expressed in the developing limb buds and is involved in differentiation and limb development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Wilm's tumor and congenital vertical talus (also known as `rocker-bottom foot` deformity or congenital convex pes valgus) and/or a foot deformity resembling that seen in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox containing 1

Enables double-stranded telomeric DNA binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; telomere maintenance via telomerase; and telomere-telomerase complex assembly. Located in several cellular components, including centrosome; chromosome, telomeric region; and nuclear body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

homeobox D11

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The product of the mouse Hoxd11 gene plays a role in forelimb morphogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 10

homeobox protein Hox-D11-like

orthodenticle homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of the bicoid sub-family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and may play a role in brain and sensory organ development. A similar protein in mouse is required for proper brain and sensory organ development and can cause epilepsy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

orthodenticle homeobox 2

This gene encodes a member of the bicoid subfamily of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and plays a role in brain, craniofacial, and sensory organ development. The encoded protein also influences the proliferation and differentiation of dopaminergic neuronal progenitor cells during mitosis. Mutations in this gene cause syndromic microphthalmia 5 (MCOPS5) and combined pituitary hormone deficiency 6 (CPHD6). This gene is also suspected of having an oncogenic role in medulloblastoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Pseudogenes of this gene are known to exist on chromosomes two and nine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

iroquois homeobox 5

This gene encodes a member of the iroquois homeobox gene family, which are involved in several embryonic developmental processes. Knockout mice lacking this gene show that it is required for retinal cone bipolar cell differentiation, and that it negatively regulates potassium channel gene expression in the heart to ensure coordinated cardiac repolarization. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

iroquois homeobox 4

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell development; neuron differentiation; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within heart development. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

iroquois homeobox 6

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell development; neuron differentiation; and regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Predicted to act upstream of or within detection of visible light; negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription; and retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

iroquois homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of the Iroquois homeobox protein family. Homeobox genes in this family are involved in pattern formation in the embryo. The gene product has been identified as a tumor suppressor in gastric (PMID: 21602894, 20440264) and head and neck cancers (PMID: 18559491). A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

iroquois homeobox 3

IRX3 is a member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family (see IRX1; MIM 606197) and plays a role in an early step of neural development (Bellefroid et al., 1998 [PubMed 9427753]). Members of this family appear to play multiple roles during pattern formation of vertebrate embryos (Lewis et al., 1999 [PubMed 10370142]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009]

iroquois homeobox 2

IRX2 is a member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family. Members of this family appear to play multiple roles during pattern formation of vertebrate embryos.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1

This gene encodes a nuclear protein, which contains a homeobox domain and is a transcription factor. Mutations in this gene result in Currarino syndrome, an autosomic dominant congenital malformation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

homeobox B8

This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Increased expression of this gene is associated with colorectal cancer. Mice that have had the murine ortholog of this gene knocked out exhibit an excessive pathologic grooming behavior. This behavior is similar to the behavior of humans suffering from the obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder trichotillomania. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox B9

This gene is a member of the Abd-B homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Increased expression of this gene is associated with some cases of leukemia, prostate cancer and lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox B2

This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Increased expression of this gene is associated with pancreatic cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox B3

This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Increased expression of this gene is associated with a distinct biologic subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox B1

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXB genes located in a cluster on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox B6

This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development, including that of lung and skin, and has been localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Altered expression of this gene or a change in the subcellular localization of its protein is associated with some cases of acute myeloid leukemia and colorectal cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox B7

This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Increased expression of this gene is associated with some cases of melanoma and ovarian carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox B4

This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Intracellular or ectopic expression of this protein expands hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro, making it a potential candidate for therapeutic stem cell expansion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox B5

This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in lung and gut development. Increased expression of this gene is associated with a distinct biologic subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the occurrence of bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

engrailed homeobox 1

Homeobox-containing genes are thought to have a role in controlling development. In Drosophila, the 'engrailed' (en) gene plays an important role during development in segmentation, where it is required for the formation of posterior compartments. Different mutations in the mouse homologs, En1 and En2, produced different developmental defects that frequently are lethal. The human engrailed homologs 1 and 2 encode homeodomain-containing proteins and have been implicated in the control of pattern formation during development of the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

engrailed homeobox 2

Homeobox-containing genes are thought to have a role in controlling development. In Drosophila, the 'engrailed' (en) gene plays an important role during development in segmentation, where it is required for the formation of posterior compartments. Different mutations in the mouse homologs, En1 and En2, produced different developmental defects that frequently are lethal. The human engrailed homologs 1 and 2 encode homeodomain-containing proteins and have been implicated in the control of pattern formation during development of the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Rhox homeobox family, member 1 pseudogene 1

VENT homeobox

This gene encodes a member of the Vent family of homeodomain proteins. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional repressor and be involved in mesodermal patterning and hemopoietic stem cell maintenance. Multiple pseudogenes exist for this gene. A transcribed pseudogene located on chromosome X may lead to antigen production in certain melanomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tetra-peptide repeat homeobox 1

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This gene is a member of the TPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tetra-peptide repeat homeobox-like

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the TPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Mix paired-like homeobox

Enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity and sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including endodermal cell differentiation; negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation; and positive regulation of mesoderm development. Predicted to act upstream of or within cell migration involved in gastrulation and hemopoiesis. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LIM homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of a large protein family which contains the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor important for the development of the renal and urogenital systems. This gene is a candidate for Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome, a disorder characterized by anomalies in the female genital tract. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

LIM homeobox 6

This gene encodes a member of a large protein family that contains the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein has tandem LIM domains as well as a DNA-binding homeodomain. The protein functions as a transcription factor involved in embryogenesis and head development and is highly expressed in neural crest derived mesenchyme cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

NK2 homeobox 8

The protein encoded by this gene is a homeobox-containing developmental regulator associated with liver development. The encoded protein binds to the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene promoter and increases the expression of AFP. This gene is overexpressed in some lung cancers and is linked to poor patient survival, possibly due to its resistance to cisplatin. This gene is aberrantly methylated in pancreatic cancer, deleted in squamous cell lung carcinomas, and acts as a tumor suppressor in esophageal cancer. Mutations in this gene may also be a cause of neural tube defects. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

double homeobox A pseudogene 8

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox A pseudogene 6

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox A pseudogene 4

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox A pseudogene 2

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox A pseudogene 3

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

H6 family homeobox 1

This gene encodes a transcription factor that belongs to the H6 family of homeobox proteins. This protein can bind a 5'-CAAG-3' core DNA sequence, and it is involved in the development of craniofacial structures. Mutations in this gene cause oculoauricular syndrome, a disorder of the eye and external ear. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

H6 family homeobox 3

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including embryo implantation; maternal process involved in female pregnancy; and neuromuscular process controlling balance. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

H6 family homeobox 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the NKL homeobox family of transcription factors. Members in this family are of ancient origin and play an important role in organ development during embryogenesis. A related mouse protein plays a role in patterning of inner ear structures. In humans, variations in a region containing this gene have been associated with inner ear malformations, vestibular dysfunction, and hearing loss. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

double homeobox A pseudogene 9

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox A pseudogene 1

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 4

This gene encodes a member of the pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor family. These proteins are homeobox proteins that play critical roles in embryonic development and cellular differentiation both as Hox cofactors and through Hox-independent pathways. The encoded protein contains a homeobox DNA-binding domain, but specific functions of the protein have not been determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 2

This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed member of the TALE/PBX homeobox family. It was identified by its similarity to a homeobox gene which is involved in t(1;19) translocation in acute pre-B-cell leukemias. This protein is a transcriptional activator which binds to the TLX1 promoter. The gene is located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 3

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including eye development; nervous system development; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including adult locomotory behavior; dorsal spinal cord development; and regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be part of transcription regulator complex. Predicted to be active in nucleus. Biomarker of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1

This gene encodes a nuclear protein that belongs to the PBX homeobox family of transcriptional factors. Studies in mice suggest that this gene may be involved in the regulation of osteogenesis and required for skeletal patterning and programming. A chromosomal translocation, t(1;19) involving this gene and TCF3/E2A gene, is associated with pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The resulting fusion protein, in which the DNA binding domain of E2A is replaced by the DNA binding domain of this protein, transforms cells by constitutively activating transcription of genes regulated by the PBX protein family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]

teashirt zinc finger homeobox 2

This gene is a member of the teashirt C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family of transcription factors. This gene encodes a protein with five C2H2-type zinc fingers, a homeobox DNA-binding domain and a coiled-coil domain. This nuclear protein is predicted to act as a transcriptional repressor. This gene is thought to play a role in the development and progression of breast and other types of cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

teashirt zinc finger homeobox 3

This gene encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates smooth muscle cell differentiation in the developing urinary tract. Consistent with this role, mice in which this gene has been inactivated exhibit abnormal gene expression in urinary tract smooth muscle cell precursors and kidney defects including hydronephrosis. The encoded transcription factor comprises a gene silencing complex that inhibits caspase expression. Reduced expression of this gene and consequent caspase upregulation may be correlated with progression of Alzheimer's disease in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

teashirt zinc finger homeobox 1

This gene encodes a colon cancer antigen that was defined by serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries. The encoded protein is a member of the teashirt C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family and may be involved in transcriptional regulation of developmental processes. Mutations in this gene may be associated with congenital aural atresia syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

visual system homeobox 1

The protein encoded by this gene contains a paired-like homeodomain and binds to the core of the locus control region of the red/green visual pigment gene cluster. The encoded protein may regulate expression of the cone opsin genes early in development. Mutations in this gene can cause posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy and keratoconus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

iroquois homeobox 1 pseudogene 1

ladybird homeobox 2

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including positive regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation; positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ladybird homeobox 1

This gene and the orthologous mouse gene were found by their homology to the Drosophila lady bird early and late homeobox genes. In the mouse, this gene is a key regulator of muscle precursor cell migration and is required for the acquisition of dorsal identities of forelimb muscles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox 4 like 45, pseudogene

cut-like homeobox 2 pseudogene 1

double homeobox 4 like 20

dorsal root ganglia homeobox

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including detection of temperature stimulus; nervous system development; and sensory perception of mechanical stimulus. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

distal-less homeobox 4

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. Three transcript variants have been described for this gene, however, the full length nature of one variant has not been described. Studies of the two splice variants revealed that one encoded isoform functions as a repressor of the beta-globin gene while the other isoform lacks that function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Nanog homeobox pseudogene 11

cone-rod homeobox

The protein encoded by this gene is a photoreceptor-specific transcription factor which plays a role in the differentiation of photoreceptor cells. This homeodomain protein is necessary for the maintenance of normal cone and rod function. Mutations in this gene are associated with photoreceptor degeneration, Leber congenital amaurosis type III and the autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy 2. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Meis homeobox 3 pseudogene 2

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including embryonic pattern specification; eye development; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Meis homeobox 3 pseudogene 1

This gene appears to be a retrotransposed pseudogene based on its lack of exons compared to other family members, one of which is found on chromosome 19 (MEIS3). It does appear to be transcribed and has an ORF that may encode a protein of similar size and sequence to that encoded by MEIS3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

brain-specific homeobox

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including eating behavior; mammary gland involution; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be part of transcription regulator complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mohawk homeobox

The protein encoded by this gene is an IRX family-related homeobox protein that may play a role in cell adhesion. Studies in mice suggest that this protein may be a regulator of tendon development. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1 pseudogene 1

double homeobox 4 like 27

POU class 5 homeobox 1 pseudogene 2

POU class 5 homeobox 1 pseudogene 3

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity and DNA-binding transcription factor activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POU class 5 homeobox 1 pseudogene 4

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity and DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 2 pseudogene 1

T-cell leukemia homeobox 1

This gene encodes a nuclear transcription factor that belongs to the NK-linked or NK-like (NKL) subfamily of homeobox genes. The encoded protein is required for normal development of the spleen during embryogenesis. This protein is also involved in specification of neuronal cell fates. Ectopic expression of this gene due to chromosomal translocations is associated with certain T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

T-cell leukemia homeobox 2

This gene is a member of an orphan homeobox-containing transcription factor family. Studies of the mouse ortholog have shown that the encoded protein is crucial for the development of the enteric nervous system; in humans, loss-of-function may play a role in tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

T-cell leukemia homeobox 3

The protein encoded by this gene is an orphan homeobox protein that encodes a DNA-binding nuclear transcription factor. A translocation [t(5;14)(q35;q32)] involving this gene is associated with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in children and young adults. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

ESX homeobox 1

This gene encodes a dual-function 65 kDa protein that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to produce a 45 kDa N-terminal fragment with a paired-like homeodomain and a 20 kDa C-terminal fragment with a proline-rich domain. The C-terminal fragment localizes to the cytoplasm while the N-terminal fragment localizes exclusively to the nucleus. In contrast to human, the mouse homolog has a novel PN/PF motif in the C-terminus and is paternally imprinted in placental tissue. This gene likely plays a role in placental development and spermatogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

double homeobox protein 4-like protein 4

GS homeobox 2

Enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in generation of neurons; olfactory bulb development; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including nervous system development; positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway; and positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

GS homeobox 1

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Acts upstream of or within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2-like, Y-linked

This gene encodes a member of the TALE/TGIF homeobox family of transcription factors. This gene lies within the male specific region of chromosome Y, in a block of sequence that is thought to be the result of a large X-to-Y transposition. The C-terminus of this protein is divergent from that of its chromosome X homolog (TGIF2LX), suggesting that this protein may act as a regulator of TGIF2LX. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2-like, X-linked

This gene encodes a member of the TALE/TGIF homeobox family of transcription factors. Testis-specific expression suggests that this gene may play a role in spermatogenesis. A homolog of this gene lies within the male specific region of chromosome Y, in a block of sequence that is thought to be the result of a large X-to-Y transposition. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

retina and anterior neural fold homeobox

This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor that functions in eye development. The gene is expressed early in the eye primordia, and is required for retinal cell fate determination and also regulates stem cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene have been reported in patients with defects in ocular development, including microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

POU class 5 homeobox 1 pseudogene 6

POU class 5 homeobox 1 pseudogene 7

POU class 5 homeobox 1 pseudogene 5

zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Zfh1 family of 2-handed zinc finger/homeodomain proteins. It is located in the nucleus and functions as a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor that interacts with activated SMADs. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hirschsprung disease/Mowat-Wilson syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

double homeobox 5

The human genome contains hundreds of repeats of the 3.3-kb family in regions associated with heterochromatin. The DUX gene family, including DUX5, resides within these 3.3-kb repeated elements (Beckers et al., 2001 [PubMed 11245978]). See DUX4 (MIM 606009).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

double homeobox 4

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length; a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. The encoded protein has been reported to function as a transcriptional activator of paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1; GeneID 5307). Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

double homeobox 1

The human genome contains hundreds of repeats of the 3.3-kb family in regions associated with heterochromatin. The DUX gene family, including DUX1, resides within these 3.3-kb repeated elements (Beckers et al., 2001 [PubMed 11245978]). See DUX4 (MIM 606009).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

double homeobox 3

The human genome contains hundreds of repeats of the 3.3-kb family in regions associated with heterochromatin. The DUX gene family, including DUX3, resides within these 3.3-kb repeated elements (Beckers et al., 2001 [PubMed 11245978]). See DUX4 (MIM 606009).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

double homeobox A

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This gene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. Evidence of mRNA expression has not yet been found for this gene. Multiple, related processed pseudogenes have been found which are thought to reflect expression of this gene in the germ line or embryonic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox B

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleoplasm. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

homeobox B cluster

notochord homeobox

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in central nervous system development; neuron differentiation; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including embryonic organ development; motile cilium assembly; and regulation of cilium assembly. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rhox homeobox family, member 2B

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

H2.0-like homeobox

Enables sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis; enteric nervous system development; and regulation of T-helper cell differentiation. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SIX homeobox 4

This gene encodes a member of the homeobox family, subfamily SIX. The drosophila homolog is a nuclear homeoprotein required for eye development. Studies in mouse show that this gene product functions as a transcription factor, and may have a role in the differentiation or maturation of neuronal cells. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

SIX homeobox 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that appears to function in the regulation of organogenesis. This gene is located downstream of the dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase gene. Mutations in this gene are a cause of branchiootorenal syndrome type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]

SIX homeobox 6

The protein encoded by this gene is a homeobox protein that is similar to the Drosophila 'sine oculis' gene product. This gene is found in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 14 and is thought to be involved in eye development. Defects in this gene are a cause of isolated microphthalmia with cataract type 2 (MCOPCT2). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SIX homeobox 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a homeobox protein that is similar to the Drosophila 'sine oculis' gene product. This gene is found in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 14 and is thought to be involved in limb development. Defects in this gene are a cause of autosomal dominant deafness type 23 (DFNA23) and branchiootic syndrome type 3 (BOS3). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SIX homeobox 2

This gene is a member of the vertebrate gene family which encode proteins homologous to the Drosophila 'sine oculis' homeobox protein. The encoded protein is a transcription factor which, like other members of this gene family, may be involved in limb or eye development. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

SIX homeobox 3

This gene encodes a member of the sine oculis homeobox transcription factor family. The encoded protein plays a role in eye development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with holoprosencephaly type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

SATB homeobox 1 pseudogene 1

VENT homeobox pseudogene 7

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the Vent homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 1

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in angiogenesis and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within camera-type eye development; hemopoiesis; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 2

Homeodomain proteins are sequence-specific transcription factors that share a highly conserved DNA-binding domain and play fundamental roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. PKNOX2 belongs to the TALE (3-amino acid loop extension) class of homeodomain proteins characterized by a 3-amino acid extension between alpha helices 1 and 2 within the homeodomain (Imoto et al., 2001 [PubMed 11549286]).[supplied by OMIM, Oct 2009]

tetra-peptide repeat homeobox 2 pseudogene

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the TPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

hematopoietically expressed homeobox

This gene encodes a member of the homeobox family of transcription factors, many of which are involved in developmental processes. Expression in specific hematopoietic lineages suggests that this protein may play a role in hematopoietic differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox protein cut-like 1

NK3 homeobox 2

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation; negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including intestinal epithelial cell development; middle ear morphogenesis; and skeletal system development. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NK3 homeobox 1

This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor. This transcription factor functions as a negative regulator of epithelial cell growth in prostate tissue. Aberrant expression of this gene is associated with prostate tumor progression. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

double homeobox protein 4-like protein 4

arginine-fifty homeobox pseudogene 2

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the ARGFX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

highly divergent homeobox

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

caudal type homeobox 1

This gene is a member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor gene family. The encoded DNA-binding protein regulates intestine-specific gene expression and enterocyte differentiation. It has been shown to induce expression of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene, and inhibit beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

caudal type homeobox 2

This gene is a member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor gene family. The encoded protein is a major regulator of intestine-specific genes involved in cell growth an differentiation. This protein also plays a role in early embryonic development of the intestinal tract. Aberrant expression of this gene is associated with intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

caudal type homeobox 4

This gene encodes a member of a small subfamily of homeobox containing transcription factors. The encoded protein may regulate homeobox gene expression during anteroposterior patterning and hematopoiesis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

NK2 homeobox 2

The protein encoded by this gene contains a homeobox domain and may be involved in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system. This gene is found on chromosome 20 near NKX2-4, and these two genes appear to be duplicated on chromosome 14 in the form of TITF1 and NKX2-8. The encoded protein is likely to be a nuclear transcription factor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NK2 homeobox 3

This gene encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor. The encoded protein is a member of the NKX family of homeodomain transcription factors. Studies of similar proteins in mouse and rat have indicated a potential role in cellular differentiation.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

NK2 homeobox 1

This gene encodes a protein initially identified as a thyroid-specific transcription factor. The encoded protein binds to the thyroglobulin promoter and regulates the expression of thyroid-specific genes but has also been shown to regulate the expression of genes involved in morphogenesis. Mutations and deletions in this gene are associated with benign hereditary chorea, choreoathetosis, congenital hypothyroidism, and neonatal respiratory distress, and may be associated with thyroid cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene shares the symbol/alias 'TTF1' with another gene, transcription termination factor 1, which plays a role in ribosomal gene transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

NK2 homeobox 6

This gene encodes a homeobox-containing protein that belongs to the NK-2 homeobox family. This protein is a vertebrate homolog of Drosophila homeobox-containing protein called 'tinman', which has been shown to be essential for development of the heart-like dorsal vessel. In conjunction with related gene, NKX2-5, this gene may play a role in both pharyngeal and cardiac embryonic development. Mutations in this gene are associated with persistent truncus arteriosus.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

NK2 homeobox 4

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NK2 homeobox 5

This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor. This transcription factor functions in heart formation and development. Mutations in this gene cause atrial septal defect with atrioventricular conduction defect, and also tetralogy of Fallot, which are both heart malformation diseases. Mutations in this gene can also cause congenital hypothyroidism non-goitrous type 5, a non-autoimmune condition. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

double homeobox A pseudogene

Rhox homeobox family, member 2

This gene, which encodes a transcriptional repressor, is one of two paralogous X-linked homeobox-containing genes and is highly expressed in a variety of cancers. In addition, the encoded protein associates with the cell membrane and with microtubules, and is concentrated at the leading edge of migratory cells. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

Rhox homeobox family, member 1

This gene is a member of the PEPP subfamily of paired-like homoebox genes. The gene may be regulated by androgens and epigenetic mechanisms. The encoded nuclear protein is likely a transcription factor that may play a role in human reproduction. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

orthodenticle homeobox 2 pseudogene 1

visual system homeobox 2

This gene encodes a homeobox protein originally described as a retina-specific transcription factor. Mutations in this gene are associated with microphthalmia, cataracts and iris abnormalities. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

mesenchyme homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of non-clustered, diverged, antennapedia-like homeobox-containing genes. The encoded protein may play a role in the molecular signaling network regulating somite development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mesenchyme homeobox 2

This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of non-clustered, diverged, antennapedia-like homeobox-containing genes. The encoded protein may play a role in the regulation of vertebrate limb myogenesis. Mutations in the related mouse protein may be associated with craniofacial and/or skeletal abnormalities, in addition to neurovascular dysfunction observed in Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox C9

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox C8

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. The product of this gene may play a role in the regulation of cartilage differentiation. It could also be involved in chondrodysplasias or other cartilage disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox C5

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene, HOXC5, is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Three genes, HOXC5, HOXC4 and HOXC6, share a 5' non-coding exon. Transcripts may include the shared exon spliced to the gene-specific exons, or they may include only the gene-specific exons. Two alternatively spliced variants have been described for HOXC5. The transcript variant which includes the shared exon apparently doesn't encode a protein. The protein-coding transcript variant contains gene-specific exons only. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox C4

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene, HOXC4, is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Three genes, HOXC5, HOXC4 and HOXC6, share a 5' non-coding exon. Transcripts may include the shared exon spliced to the gene-specific exons, or they may include only the gene-specific exons. Two alternatively spliced variants that encode the same protein have been described for HOXC4. Transcript variant one includes the shared exon, and transcript variant two includes only gene-specific exons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox C6

This gene belongs to the homeobox family, members of which encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene, HOXC6, is one of several HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Three genes, HOXC5, HOXC4 and HOXC6, share a 5' non-coding exon. Transcripts may include the shared exon spliced to the gene-specific exons, or they may include only the gene-specific exons. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for HOXC6. Transcript variant two includes the shared exon, and transcript variant one includes only gene-specific exons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox C cluster

diencephalon/mesencephalon homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of the bicoid sub-family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and may play a role in brain and sensory organ development. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox protein 4-like protein 4

BarH-like homeobox 1

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including negative regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process; nervous system development; and sensory perception of sound. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease; high grade glioma; and triple-receptor negative breast cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

goosecoid homeobox

This gene encodes a member of the bicoid subfamily of the paired (PRD) homeobox family of proteins. The encoded protein acts as a transcription factor and may be autoregulatory. A similar protein in mice plays a role in craniofacial and rib cage development during embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

BARX homeobox 2

This gene encodes a member of the homeobox transcription factor family. A highly related protein in mouse has been shown to influence cellular processes that control cell adhesion and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in myoblast fusion and chondrogenesis. The encoded protein may also play a role in cancer progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

BARX homeobox 1

This gene encodes a member of the Bar subclass of homeobox transcription factors. Studies of the mouse and chick homolog suggest the encoded protein may play a role in developing teeth and craniofacial mesenchyme of neural crest origin. The protein may also be associated with differentiation of stomach epithelia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

HNF1 homeobox B

This gene encodes a member of the homeodomain-containing superfamily of transcription factors. The protein binds to DNA as either a homodimer, or a heterodimer with the related protein hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha. The gene has been shown to function in nephron development, and regulates development of the embryonic pancreas. Mutations in this gene result in renal cysts and diabetes syndrome and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and expression of this gene is altered in some types of cancer. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

HNF1 homeobox A

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor required for the expression of several liver-specific genes. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and binds to the inverted palindrome 5'-GTTAATNATTAAC-3'. Defects in this gene are a cause of maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) and also can result in the appearance of hepatic adenomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

POU class 2 homeobox 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a homeobox-containing transcription factor of the POU domain family. The encoded protein binds the octamer sequence 5'-ATTTGCAT-3', a common transcription factor binding site in immunoglobulin gene promoters. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

POU class 2 homeobox 3

This gene encodes a member of the POU domain family of transcription factors. POU domain transcription factors bind to a specific octamer DNA motif and regulate cell type-specific differentiation pathways. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in the epidermis, and plays a critical role in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. The encoded protein is also a candidate tumor suppressor protein, and aberrant promoter methylation of this gene may play a role in cervical cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

POU class 2 homeobox 1

The OCT1 transcription factor was among the first identified members of the POU transcription factor family (summarized by Sturm et al., 1993 [PubMed 8314572]). Members of this family contain the POU domain, a 160-amino acid region necessary for DNA binding to the octameric sequence ATGCAAAT.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010]

divergent-paired related homeobox pseudogene 4

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

divergent-paired related homeobox pseudogene 5

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

divergent-paired related homeobox pseudogene 6

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

divergent-paired related homeobox pseudogene 7

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

divergent-paired related homeobox pseudogene 1

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

divergent-paired related homeobox pseudogene 2

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

divergent-paired related homeobox pseudogene 3

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox HPX-2

homeobox protein cut-like 1

tetra-peptide repeat homeobox 1 pseudogene 1

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the TPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

prospero homeobox 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the homeobox transcription factor family. Members of this family contain a homeobox domain that consists of a 60-amino acid helix-turn-helix structure that binds DNA and RNA. The protein encoded by this gene is conserved across vertebrates and may play an essential role during development. Altered levels of this protein have been reported in cancers of different organs, such as colon, brain, blood, breast, pancreas, liver and esophagus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

prospero homeobox 2

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

double homeobox A pseudogene 7

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

double homeobox A pseudogene 5

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the DUXA homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

VENT homeobox pseudogene 1

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the Vent homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

VENT homeobox pseudogene 2

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the VENT homeobox gene family [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

VENT homeobox pseudogene 3

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the Vent homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

VENT homeobox pseudogene 4

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the Vent homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

VENT homeobox pseudogene 5

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the Vent homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

VENT homeobox pseudogene 6

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the Vent homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox C11

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. The product of this gene binds to a promoter element of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. It also may play a role in early intestinal development. An alternatively spliced variant encoding a shorter isoform has been described but its full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox C10

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. The protein level is controlled during cell differentiation and proliferation, which may indicate this protein has a role in origin activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox C13

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. The product of this gene may play a role in the development of hair, nail, and filiform papilla. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

homeobox C12

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SATB homeobox 2

This gene encodes a DNA binding protein that specifically binds nuclear matrix attachment regions. The encoded protein is involved in transcription regulation and chromatin remodeling. Defects in this gene are associated with isolated cleft palate and cognitive disability. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

SATB homeobox 1

This gene encodes a matrix protein which binds nuclear matrix and scaffold-associating DNAs through a unique nuclear architecture. The protein recruits chromatin-remodeling factors in order to regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

ALX homeobox 3

This gene encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain that functions as a transcriptional regulator involved in cell-type differentiation and development. Preferential methylation of this gene's promoter is associated with advanced-stage neuroblastoma tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ALX homeobox 1

The specific function of this gene has yet to be determined in humans; however, in rodents, it is necessary for survival of the forebrain mesenchyme and may also be involved in development of the cervix. Mutations in the mouse gene lead to neural tube defects such as acrania and meroanencephaly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ALX homeobox 4

This gene encodes a paired-like homeodomain transcription factor expressed in the mesenchyme of developing bones, limbs, hair, teeth, and mammary tissue. Mutations in this gene cause parietal foramina 2 (PFM2); an autosomal dominant disease characterized by deficient ossification of the parietal bones. Mutations in this gene also cause a form of frontonasal dysplasia with alopecia and hypogonadism; suggesting a role for this gene in craniofacial development, mesenchymal-epithelial communication, and hair follicle development. Deletion of a segment of chromosome 11 containing this gene, del(11)(p11p12), causes Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (PSS); a syndrome characterized by craniofacial anomalies, cognitive disability, multiple exostoses, and genital abnormalities in males. In mouse, this gene has been shown to use dual translation initiation sites located 16 codons apart. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

cut-like homeobox 2 pseudogene 2

retina and anterior neural fold homeobox 2

This gene encodes a homeodomain-containing protein that plays a role in eye development. Mutation of this gene causes age-related macular degeneration type 6, an eye disorder resulting in accumulations of protein and lipid beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within the Bruch's membrane. Defects in this gene can also cause cone-rod dystrophy type 11, a disease characterized by the initial degeneration of cone photoreceptor cells and resulting in loss of color vision and visual acuity, followed by the degeneration of rod photoreceptor cells, which progresses to night blindness and the loss of peripheral vision. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

PROP paired-like homeobox 1

This gene encodes a paired-like homeodomain transcription factor in the developing pituitary gland. Expression occurs prior to and is required for expression of pou domain transcription factor 1, which is responsible for pituitary development and hormone expression. Mutations in this gene have been associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency-2 as well as deficiencies in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA-binding homeobox protein and a transcriptional repressor, which appears to repress transcription by recruiting histone deacetylases to TGF beta-responsive genes. This gene is amplified and over-expressed in some ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream C20orf24 (chromosome 20 open reading frame 24) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) superclass of atypical homeodomains. TALE homeobox proteins are highly conserved transcription regulators. This particular homeodomain binds to a previously characterized retinoid X receptor responsive element from the cellular retinol-binding protein II promoter. In addition to its role in inhibiting 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent RXR alpha transcription activation of the retinoic acid responsive element, the protein is an active transcriptional co-repressor of SMAD2 and may participate in the transmission of nuclear signals during development and in the adult. Mutations in this gene are associated with holoprosencephaly type 4, which is a structural anomaly of the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and multiple splice variants encoding distinct isoforms are described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

double homeobox 4 like 26

double homeobox 4 like 24

double homeobox 4 like 25

double homeobox 4 like 22

double homeobox 4 like 23

double homeobox 4 like 21

aristaless related homeobox

This gene is a homeobox-containing gene expressed during development. The expressed protein contains two conserved domains, a C-peptide (or aristaless domain) and the prd-like class homeobox domain. It is a member of the group-II aristaless-related protein family whose members are expressed primarily in the central and/or peripheral nervous system. This gene is thought to be involved in CNS development. Expansion of a polyalanine tract and other mutations in this gene cause X-linked cognitive disability and epilepsy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

cytoplasmic polyadenylated homeobox like 2

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POU class 2 homeobox associating factor 3

Enables DNA binding activity and transcription coactivator activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetrapeptide repeat homeobox 2

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This pseudogene is a member of the TPRX homeobox gene family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytoplasmic polyadenylated homeobox like

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POU class 2 homeobox associating factor 2

Enables sequence-specific DNA binding activity and transcription coactivator activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

double homeobox 4 like 50 (pseudogene)

Rhox homeobox family member 1 pseudogene 3

double homeobox protein 4

double homeobox protein 4

double homeobox protein 4

double homeobox protein 4

double homeobox protein 4-like

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical alpha-MSH from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions

genes/proteins interacting with the chemical MSH, 4-Nle-7-Phe-alpha- from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.

From GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations

genes co-occuring with the biological term msh in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From Guide to Pharmacology Chemical Ligands of Receptors

receptors of the [¹²⁵I]NDP-MSH ligand (chemical) from the curated Guide to Pharmacology Chemical Ligands of Receptors dataset.

From Guide to Pharmacology Chemical Ligands of Receptors

receptors of the [D-Trp⁸]γ-MSH ligand (chemical) from the curated Guide to Pharmacology Chemical Ligands of Receptors dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the Α-MSH drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the [125I]NDP-MSH drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the Γ-MSH drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From DGIdb Drug Targets 2026

interacting proteins for the [D-TRP8]Γ-MSH drug from theDGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset.

From GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations

genes co-occuring with the biological term homeobox in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Distal-less-like homeobox protein, N-terminal domain protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Homeobox protein, antennapedia type, conserved site protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Homeobox protein Pitx/unc30 protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Homeobox KN domain protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Zinc finger homeobox protein 2 protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Homeobox protein Hox9 protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Homeobox domain protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Homeobox engrailed, C-terminal protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Homeobox protein, antennapedia type protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Homeobox protein Hox1A3 N-terminal protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Homeobox, conserved site protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Prospero homeobox protein 1 protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Homeobox engrailed-type, conserved site protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations

proteins predicted to have the Domain of unknown function DUF3528, homeobox protein, eukaryotic protein domain from the InterPro Predicted Protein Domain Annotations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Short Stature Homeobox Deficiency in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.