Harmonizome 3.0

myosin, light chain 8, pseudogene

unconventional myosin-Vb pseudogene

myosin XIX

Enables ATP hydrolysis activity and actin binding activity. Involved in regulation of cytokinesis and regulation of mitochondrial fission. Acts upstream of or within mitochondrion migration along actin filament. Located in cytosol and mitochondrial outer membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin light chain kinase family, member 4

Predicted to enable myosin light chain kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin light chain kinase 2

This gene encodes a myosin light chain kinase, a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme, that is exclusively expressed in adult skeletal muscle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin light chain kinase 3

Phosphorylation of cardiac myosin heavy chains (see MYH7B, MIM 609928) and light chains (see MYL2, MIM 160781) by a kinase, such as MYLK3, potentiates the force and rate of cross-bridge recruitment in cardiac myocytes (Chan et al., 2008 [PubMed 18202317]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008]

myosin, heavy chain 7B, cardiac muscle, beta

The myosin II molecule is a multi-subunit complex consisting of two heavy chains and four light chains. This gene encodes a heavy chain of myosin II, which is a member of the motor-domain superfamily. The heavy chain includes a globular motor domain, which catalyzes ATP hydrolysis and interacts with actin, and a tail domain in which heptad repeat sequences promote dimerization by interacting to form a rod-like alpha-helical coiled coil. This heavy chain subunit is a slow-twitch myosin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but the full-length nature of these variants is not determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

myosin XVB

Predicted to enable ATP binding activity; actin binding activity; and cytoskeletal motor activity. Predicted to be located in brush border; cytoplasm; and cytoskeleton. Predicted to be part of myosin complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin XVA

This gene encodes an unconventional myosin. This protein differs from other myosins in that it has a long N-terminal extension preceding the conserved motor domain. Studies in mice suggest that this protein is necessary for actin organization in the hair cells of the cochlea. Mutations in this gene have been associated with profound, congenital, neurosensory, nonsyndromal deafness. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Read-through transcripts containing an upstream gene and this gene have been identified, but they are not thought to encode a fusion protein. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their full length sequences have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 9, regulatory pseudogene

myosin, light chain 6B pseudogene 1

myosin IIIB

This gene encodes one of the class III myosins. Myosins are ATPases, activated by actin, that move along actin filaments in the cell. This class of myosins are characterized by an amino-terminal kinase domain and shown to be present in photoreceptors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

myosin light chain kinase pseudogene 1 (functional)

myosin, light chain 12B, regulatory

The activity of nonmuscle myosin II (see MYH9; MIM 160775) is regulated by phosphorylation of a regulatory light chain, such as MRLC2. This phosphorylation results in higher MgATPase activity and the assembly of myosin II filaments (Iwasaki et al., 2001 [PubMed 11942626]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

myosin, light chain 12A, regulatory, non-sarcomeric

This gene encodes a nonsarcomeric myosin regulatory light chain. This protein is activated by phosphorylation and regulates smooth muscle and non-muscle cell contraction. This protein may also be involved in DNA damage repair by sequestering the transcriptional regulator apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor (AATF)/Che-1 which functions as a repressor of p53-driven apoptosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 8.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein

The ERM protein family members ezrin, radixin, and moesin are cytoskeletal effector proteins linking actin to membrane-bound proteins at the cell surface. Myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP) is a novel ERM-like protein that interacts with myosin regulatory light chain and inhibits neurite outgrowth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 9, regulatory pseudogene

myosin binding protein H

Predicted to be a structural constituent of muscle. Predicted to be involved in sarcomere organization. Predicted to be located in myosin filament. Predicted to be active in M band. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin heavy chain gene cluster antisense RNA

Predicted to enable primary miRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in response to muscle activity and skeletal muscle fiber development. Predicted to act upstream of or within with a positive effect on gene expression. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin, light chain 12B, regulatory pseudogene

myosin VIIA and Rab interacting protein

Predicted to enable actin binding activity; myosin binding activity; and protein kinase A binding activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of insulin secretion. Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including cytoplasmic vesicle; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; and photoreceptor outer segment. Predicted to be part of exocyst. Predicted to be active in cortical actin cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin light chain kinase pseudogene

myosin IXB

This gene encodes a member of the myosin family of actin-based molecular motor heavy chain proteins. The protein represents an unconventional myosin; it should not be confused with the conventional non-muscle myosin-9 (MYH9). The protein has four IQ motifs located in the neck domain that bind calmodulin, which serves as a light chain. The protein complex has a single-headed structure and exhibits processive movement on actin filaments toward the minus-end. The protein also has rho-GTPase activity. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with celiac disease and ulcerative colitis susceptibility. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

myosin IXA

This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. The protein represents an unconventional myosin; it should not be confused with the conventional non-muscle myosin-9 (MYH9). Unconventional myosins contain the basic domains of conventional myosins and are further distinguished from class members by their tail domains. They function as actin-based molecular motors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

myosin, light chain 12B, regulatory pseudogene

myosin, light chain 12B, regulatory pseudogene

myosin, light chain 6, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle

Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain that is expressed in smooth muscle and non-muscle tissues. Genomic sequences representing several pseudogenes have been described and two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 7, regulatory

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cardiac muscle tissue development and heart contraction. Located in A band. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin, light chain 4, alkali; atrial, embryonic

Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two myosin heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable myosin alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable myosin regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain that is found in embryonic muscle and adult atria. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 5, regulatory

This gene encodes one of the myosin light chains, a component of the hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein myosin. Myosin is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene product, one of the regulatory light chains, is expressed in fetal muscle and in adult retina, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 2, regulatory, cardiac, slow

This gene encodes a major sarcomeric protein in mammalian striated muscle. The encoded protein plays a role in embryonic heart muscle structure and function, while phosphorylation of the encoded protein is involved in cardiac myosin cycling kinetics, torsion and function in adults. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 10 and infant-onset myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

myosin, light chain 3, alkali; ventricular, skeletal, slow

MYL3 encodes myosin light chain 3, an alkali light chain also referred to in the literature as both the ventricular isoform and the slow skeletal muscle isoform. Mutations in MYL3 have been identified as a cause of mid-left ventricular chamber type hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 1, alkali; skeletal, fast

Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain expressed in fast skeletal muscle. Two transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 9, regulatory

Myosin, a structural component of muscle, consists of two heavy chains and four light chains. The protein encoded by this gene is a myosin light chain that may regulate muscle contraction by modulating the ATPase activity of myosin heads. The encoded protein binds calcium and is activated by myosin light chain kinase. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin light chain kinase

This gene, a muscle member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, encodes myosin light chain kinase which is a calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme. This kinase phosphorylates myosin regulatory light chains to facilitate myosin interaction with actin filaments to produce contractile activity. This gene encodes both smooth muscle and nonmuscle isoforms. In addition, using a separate promoter in an intron in the 3' region, it encodes telokin, a small protein identical in sequence to the C-terminus of myosin light chain kinase, that is independently expressed in smooth muscle and functions to stabilize unphosphorylated myosin filaments. A pseudogene is located on the p arm of chromosome 3. Four transcript variants that produce four isoforms of the calcium/calmodulin dependent enzyme have been identified as well as two transcripts that produce two isoforms of telokin. Additional variants have been identified but lack full length transcripts. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin IH

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity and microfilament motor activity. Predicted to be involved in actin filament organization; actin filament-based movement; and endocytosis. Predicted to be part of myosin complex. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including actin cytoskeleton; microvillus; and plasma membrane. Implicated in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin IG

MYO1G is a plasma membrane-associated class I myosin (see MIM 601478) that is abundant in T and B lymphocytes and mast cells (Pierce et al., 2001 [PubMed 11544309]; Patino-Lopez et al., 2010 [PubMed 20071333]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2010]

myosin IF

Myosins are molecular motors that use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to generate force on actin filaments. The protein encoded by this gene is an unconventional myosin that may be involved in the intracellular movement of membrane-enclosed compartments. There is evidence to suggest that mutations in this gene can result in hearing loss. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

myosin IE

This gene encodes a member of the nonmuscle class I myosins which are a subgroup of the unconventional myosin protein family. The unconventional myosin proteins function as actin-based molecular motors. Class I myosins are characterized by a head (motor) domain, a regulatory domain and a either a short or long tail domain. Among the class I myosins, this protein is distinguished by a long tail domain that is involved in crosslinking actin filaments. This protein localizes to the cytoplasm and may be involved in intracellular movement and membrane trafficking. Mutations in this gene are the cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-6. This gene has been referred to as myosin IC in the literature but is distinct from the myosin IC gene located on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

myosin ID

Enables protein domain specific binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including actin filament organization; actin filament-based movement; and early endosome to recycling endosome transport. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin IC

This gene encodes a member of the unconventional myosin protein family, which are actin-based molecular motors. The protein is found in the cytoplasm, and one isoform with a unique N-terminus is also found in the nucleus. The nuclear isoform associates with RNA polymerase I and II and functions in transcription initiation. The mouse ortholog of this protein also functions in intracellular vesicle transport to the plasma membrane. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The related gene myosin IE has been referred to as myosin IC in the literature, but it is a distinct locus on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin IB

Enables ATP binding activity; actin filament binding activity; and microfilament motor activity. Involved in actin filament organization and post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport. Located in several cellular components, including actin filament; endosome; and trans-Golgi network membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin IA

This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. The protein represents an unconventional myosin; it should not be confused with the conventional skeletal muscle myosin-1 (MYH1). Unconventional myosins contain the basic domains characteristic of conventional myosins and are further distinguished from class members by their tail domains. They function as actin-based molecular motors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant deafness. Alternatively spliced variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

myosin XVI

This gene encodes an unconventional myosin protein. The encoded protein has been proposed to act as a serine/threonine phosphatase-1 targeting or regulatory subunit. Studies in a rat cell line suggest that this protein may regulate cell cycle progression. A variant within this gene may be associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia and elevated expression of this gene has been observed in the frontal cortex of human schizophrenia patients. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

myosin X

This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. The protein represents an unconventional myosin; it should not be confused with the conventional non-muscle myosin-10 (MYH10). Unconventional myosins contain the basic domains of conventional myosins and are further distinguished from class members by their tail domains. This gene functions as an actin-based molecular motor and plays a role in integration of F-actin and microtubule cytoskeletons during meiosis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

myosin, light chain 12A pseudogene 1

myosin, light chain 6B, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle

Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain expressed in both slow-twitch skeletal muscle and in nonmuscle tissue. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

myosin phosphatase Rho interacting protein pseudogene 1

myosin binding protein C, cardiac

MYBPC3 encodes the cardiac isoform of myosin-binding protein C. Myosin-binding protein C is a myosin-associated protein found in the cross-bridge-bearing zone (C region) of A bands in striated muscle. MYBPC3 is expressed exclusively in heart muscle and is a key regulator of cardiac contraction. Mutations in this gene are a frequent cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

myosin binding protein C, fast type

This gene encodes a member of the myosin-binding protein C family. This family includes the fast-, slow- and cardiac-type isoforms, each of which is a myosin-associated protein found in the cross-bridge-bearing zone (C region) of A bands in striated muscle. The protein encoded by this locus is referred to as the fast-type isoform. Mutations in the related but distinct genes encoding the slow-type and cardiac-type isoforms have been associated with distal arthrogryposis, type 1 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

myosin binding protein C, slow type

This gene encodes a member of the myosin-binding protein C family. Myosin-binding protein C family members are myosin-associated proteins found in the cross-bridge-bearing zone (C region) of A bands in striated muscle. The encoded protein is the slow skeletal muscle isoform of myosin-binding protein C and plays an important role in muscle contraction by recruiting muscle-type creatine kinase to myosin filaments. Mutations in this gene are associated with distal arthrogryposis type I. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

myosin IIIA

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the myosin superfamily. Myosins are actin-dependent motor proteins and are categorized into conventional myosins (class II) and unconventional myosins (classes I and III through XV) based on their variable C-terminal cargo-binding domains. Class III myosins, such as this one, have a kinase domain N-terminal to the conserved N-terminal motor domains and are expressed in photoreceptors. The protein encoded by this gene plays an important role in hearing in humans. Three different recessive, loss of function mutations in the encoded protein have been shown to cause nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss. Expression of this gene is highly restricted, with the strongest expression in retina and cochlea. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin VB pseudogene 3

myosin VB pseudogene 2

myosin VB pseudogene 1

myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of muscle. Involved in muscle contraction. Located in lysosomal membrane. Implicated in distal arthrogryposis type 1C. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin VIIA

This gene is a member of the myosin gene family. Myosins are mechanochemical proteins characterized by the presence of a motor domain, an actin-binding domain, a neck domain that interacts with other proteins, and a tail domain that serves as an anchor. This gene encodes an unconventional myosin with a very short tail. Defects in this gene are associated with the mouse shaker-1 phenotype and the human Usher syndrome 1B which are characterized by deafness, reduced vestibular function, and (in human) retinal degeneration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin VIIB

The protein encoded by this gene is found in brush border microvilli of epithelial cells in the intestines and kidneys. The encoded protein is involved in linking protocadherins to the actin cytoskeleton and is essential for proper microvilli function. This protein aids in the accumulation of intermicrovillar adhesion components such as harmonin and ANKS4B, and this accumulation is necessary for normal brush border action. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

myosin heavy chain-associated RNA transcript

This gene encodes a spliced long non-coding RNA that may act as a cardioprotective agent in the heart. Based on a study of a similar gene in mouse, the encoded transcript may regulate chromatin remodeling by acting as a decoy to the BRG1 chromatin repressor complex thus preventing it from binding to its genomic targets. Blocking the actions of BRG1 could be crucial in protecting the heart from pathological hypertrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

myosin, light chain 6 pseudogene 3

myosin phosphatase Rho interacting protein

Enables cadherin binding activity. Located in actin cytoskeleton and cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin, light chain 6 pseudogene 2

myosin, light chain 6 pseudogene 1

myosin, light chain 6 pseudogene 4

myosin, light chain 6 pseudogene 5

myosin, heavy chain 10, non-muscle

This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. The protein represents a conventional non-muscle myosin; it should not be confused with the unconventional myosin-10 (MYO10). Myosins are actin-dependent motor proteins with diverse functions including regulation of cytokinesis, cell motility, and cell polarity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with May-Hegglin anomaly and developmental defects in brain and heart. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

myosin, heavy chain 11, smooth muscle

The protein encoded by this gene is a smooth muscle myosin belonging to the myosin heavy chain family. The gene product is a subunit of a hexameric protein that consists of two heavy chain subunits and two pairs of non-identical light chain subunits. It functions as a major contractile protein, converting chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. A chromosomal rearrangement involving this gene is associated with acute myeloid leukemia of the M4Eo subtype. Mutations in this gene are associated with visceral myopathy, megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 2, and familial thoracic aortic aneurysm 4. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

myosin, heavy chain 13, skeletal muscle

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity and microfilament motor activity. Predicted to be involved in muscle contraction. Predicted to act upstream of or within cellular response to starvation. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin, heavy chain 14, non-muscle

This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. The protein represents a conventional non-muscle myosin; it should not be confused with the unconventional myosin-14 (MYO14). Myosins are actin-dependent motor proteins with diverse functions including regulation of cytokinesis, cell motility, and cell polarity. Mutations in this gene result in one form of autosomal dominant hearing impairment. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

myosin, heavy chain 15

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity and microfilament motor activity. Predicted to be involved in extraocular skeletal muscle development. Located in cytosol and intracellular membrane-bounded organelle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin, heavy chain 16 pseudogene

The protein coding status of the MYH16 gene is uncertain. In nonhuman primates, this gene encodes a sarcomeric myosin heavy chain expressed in masticatory muscles, but has been hypothesized to be inactivated in humans. Stedman et al. (2004) [PubMed 15042088] suggest that the decrement in masticatory muscle size caused by the inactivation of MYH16 removed an evolutionary constraint on encephalization in early man. However, there is peptide support suggesting that a shorter protein containing only a myosin tail domain is expressed in human. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2024]

myosin, light chain 12B, regulatory pseudogene

myosin VI

This gene encodes a reverse-direction motor protein that moves toward the minus end of actin filaments and plays a role in intracellular vesicle and organelle transport. The protein consists of a motor domain containing an ATP- and an actin-binding site and a globular tail which interacts with other proteins. This protein maintains the structural integrity of inner ear hair cells and mutations in this gene cause non-syndromic autosomal dominant and recessive hearing loss. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

myosin, light chain 12B pseudogene 2

myosin, light chain 12B pseudogene 1

myosin XVIIIA

The protein encoded by this gene can bind GOLPH3, linking the Golgi to the cytoskeleton and influencing Golgi membrane trafficking. The encoded protein is also part of a complex that assembles lamellar actomyosin bundles and may be required for cell migration. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

myosin XVIIIB

The protein encoded by this gene may regulate muscle-specific genes when in the nucleus and may influence intracellular trafficking when in the cytoplasm. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and may interact with F actin. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 10, regulatory

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin, heavy chain 2, skeletal muscle, adult

Myosins are actin-based motor proteins that function in the generation of mechanical force in eukaryotic cells. Muscle myosins are heterohexamers composed of 2 myosin heavy chains and 2 pairs of nonidentical myosin light chains. This gene encodes a member of the class II or conventional myosin heavy chains, and functions in skeletal muscle contraction. This gene is found in a cluster of myosin heavy chain genes on chromosome 17. A mutation in this gene results in inclusion body myopathy-3. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

myosin, heavy chain 3, skeletal muscle, embryonic

Myosin is a major contractile protein which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. Myosin is a hexameric protein composed of a pair of myosin heavy chains (MYH) and two pairs of nonidentical light chains. This gene is a member of the MYH family and encodes a protein with an IQ domain and a myosin head-like domain. Mutations in this gene have been associated with two congenital contracture (arthrogryposis) syndromes, Freeman-Sheldon syndrome and Sheldon-Hall syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, heavy chain 1, skeletal muscle, adult

Myosin is a major contractile protein which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy through the hydrolysis of ATP. Myosin is a hexameric protein composed of a pair of myosin heavy chains (MYH) and two pairs of nonidentical light chains. Myosin heavy chains are encoded by a multigene family. In mammals at least 10 different myosin heavy chain (MYH) isoforms have been described from striated, smooth, and nonmuscle cells. These isoforms show expression that is spatially and temporally regulated during development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, heavy chain 6, cardiac muscle, alpha

Cardiac muscle myosin is a hexamer consisting of two heavy chain subunits, two light chain subunits, and two regulatory subunits. This gene encodes the alpha heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin. The gene is located approximately 4kb downstream of the gene encoding the beta heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin. Mutations in this gene cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial septal defect 3. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

myosin, heavy chain 7, cardiac muscle, beta

Muscle myosin is a hexameric protein containing 2 heavy chain subunits, 2 alkali light chain subunits, and 2 regulatory light chain subunits. This gene encodes the beta (or slow) heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin. It is expressed predominantly in normal human ventricle. It is also expressed in skeletal muscle tissues rich in slow-twitch type I muscle fibers. Changes in the relative abundance of this protein and the alpha (or fast) heavy subunit of cardiac myosin correlate with the contractile velocity of cardiac muscle. Its expression is also altered during thyroid hormone depletion and hemodynamic overloading. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myosin storage myopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and Laing distal myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

myosin, heavy chain 4, skeletal muscle

Enables double-stranded RNA binding activity. Involved in muscle contraction. Located in myofibril. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin, heavy chain 8, skeletal muscle, perinatal

Myosins are actin-based motor proteins that function in the generation of mechanical force in eukaryotic cells. Muscle myosins are heterohexamers composed of 2 myosin heavy chains and 2 pairs of nonidentical myosin light chains. This gene encodes a member of the class II or conventional myosin heavy chains, and functions in skeletal muscle contraction. This gene is predominantly expressed in fetal skeletal muscle. This gene is found in a cluster of myosin heavy chain genes on chromosome 17. A mutation in this gene results in trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

myosin, heavy chain 9, non-muscle

This gene encodes a conventional non-muscle myosin; this protein should not be confused with the unconventional myosin-9a or 9b (MYO9A or MYO9B). The encoded protein is a myosin IIA heavy chain that contains an IQ domain and a myosin head-like domain which is involved in several important functions, including cytokinesis, cell motility and maintenance of cell shape. Defects in this gene have been associated with non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal dominant type 17, Epstein syndrome, Alport syndrome with macrothrombocytopenia, Sebastian syndrome, Fechtner syndrome and macrothrombocytopenia with progressive sensorineural deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

myosin VC

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity and microfilament motor activity. Predicted to be involved in actin filament organization and vesicle transport along actin filament. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin VB

The protein encoded by this gene, together with other proteins, may be involved in plasma membrane recycling. Mutations in this gene are associated with microvillous inclusion disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

myosin VA (heavy chain 12, myoxin)

This gene is one of three myosin V heavy-chain genes, belonging to the myosin gene superfamily. Myosin V is a class of actin-based motor proteins involved in cytoplasmic vesicle transport and anchorage, spindle-pole alignment and mRNA translocation. The protein encoded by this gene is abundant in melanocytes and nerve cells. Mutations in this gene cause Griscelli syndrome type-1 (GS1) and neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease, or Elejalde disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2023]

capping protein regulator and myosin 1 linker 1

Involved in several processes, including actin filament network formation; plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization; and positive regulation of cellular component organization. Located in several cellular components, including lamellipodium; macropinosome; and nuclear speck. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

capping protein regulator and myosin 1 linker 2

This gene encodes a member of the CARMIL (capping protein, Arp2/3, myosin-I linker) family of proteins. The encoded protein interacts with and negatively regulates the heterodimeric capping protein and promotes cell migration. Reduced expression of this gene has been observed in human psoriasis patients. Mutations in this gene cause a human immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by smooth muscle tumors and impaired T-cell function. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

myosin light chain 11

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of muscle. Involved in muscle contraction. Located in lysosomal membrane. Implicated in distal arthrogryposis type 1C. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

capping protein regulator and myosin 1 linker 3

Predicted to be involved in cell migration and regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation. Located in cytoplasm and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19 pseudogene 5

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19 pseudogene 1

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19 pseudogene 3

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member J pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19 pseudogene 4

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member H, pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 4

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 3

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member G pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 26

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 27

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nuclear speck. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 24

Enables mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding activity; mRNA CDS binding activity; and sequence-specific mRNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation; positive regulation of cell differentiation; and regulation of mRNA metabolic process. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 25

Enables mRNA binding activity. Involved in regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome and regulation of apoptotic process. Located in nuclear speck. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 22

This gene encodes an RNA binding protein. The encoded protein may play a role in cell division and may be involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18, and X. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

RNA binding motif protein 23

This gene encodes a member of the U2AF-like family of RNA binding proteins. This protein interacts with some steroid nuclear receptors, localizes to the promoter of a steroid- responsive gene, and increases transcription of steroid-responsive transcriptional reporters in a hormone-dependent manner. It is also implicated in the steroid receptor-dependent regulation of alternative splicing. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein 20

This gene encodes a protein that binds RNA and regulates splicing. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

RNA binding motif protein 28

The protein encoded by this gene is a specific nucleolar component of the spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)complexes . It specifically associates with U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), possibly coordinating their transition through the nucleolus. Mutation in this gene causes alopecia, progressive neurological defects, and endocrinopathy (ANE syndrome), a pleiotropic and clinically heterogeneous disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 1 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member O pseudogene

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11

This antimicrobial gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, displays chemotactic activity for eosinophils, but not mononuclear cells or neutrophils. This eosinophil-specific chemokine is thought to be involved in eosinophilic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma and parasitic infections. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13

This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils, but not neutrophils. This chemokine plays a role in accumulation of leukocytes during inflammation. It may also be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during artherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14

This gene, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14, is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on 17q11.2. The CC cytokines are secreted proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene induces changes in intracellular calcium concentration and enzyme release in monocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Read-through transcripts are also expressed that include exons from the upstream cytokine gene, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15, and are represented as GeneID: 348249. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15

This gene is located in a cluster of similar genes in the same region of chromosome 17. These genes encode CC cytokines, which are secreted proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The product of this gene is chemotactic for T cells and monocytes, and acts through C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1). The proprotein is further processed into numerous smaller functional peptides. Naturally-occurring readthrough transcripts occur from this gene into the downstream gene, CCL14 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16

This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and monocytes but not for neutrophils. This cytokine also shows a potent myelosuppressive activity and suppresses proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. The expression of this gene is upregulated by IL-10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17

This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 16. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for T lymphocytes, but not monocytes or granulocytes. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8. This chemokine plays important roles in T cell development in thymus as well as in trafficking and activation of mature T cells. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (pulmonary and activation-regulated)

This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for naive T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and nonactivated lymphocytes, but not for monocytes or granulocytes. This chemokine attracts naive T lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes. It may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19

This antimicrobial gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the p-arm of chromosome 9. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene may play a role in normal lymphocyte recirculation and homing. It also plays an important role in trafficking of T cells in thymus, and in T cell and B cell migration to secondary lymphoid organs. It specifically binds to chemokine receptor CCR7. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member J

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. This protein likely functions as a splicing factor during spermatogenesis. Multiple closely related paralogs of this gene are found in a gene cluster in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y. Most of these related copies are thought to be pseudogenes, though several likely encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member W pseudogene

SLAIN motif family, member 2

Involved in cytoplasmic microtubule organization; microtubule nucleation; and positive regulation of microtubule polymerization. Located in centrosome; cytosol; and microtubule plus-end. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SLAIN motif family, member 1

Predicted to be involved in cytoplasmic microtubule organization; microtubule nucleation; and positive regulation of microtubule polymerization. Predicted to be located in microtubule plus-end. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member G, pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member D pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 4 pseudogene 2

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 4 pseudogene 1

Predicted to enable pyrophosphatase activity. Predicted to be involved in diphosphoinositol polyphosphate metabolic process and nucleotide catabolic process. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 15 pseudogene 1

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3

This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor with selectivity for three chemokines, termed CXCL9/Mig (monokine induced by interferon-g), CXCL10/IP10 (interferon-g-inducible 10 kDa protein) and CXCL11/I-TAC (interferon-inducible T cell a-chemoattractant). Binding of chemokines to this protein induces cellular responses that are involved in leukocyte traffic, most notably integrin activation, cytoskeletal changes and chemotactic migration. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. One of the isoforms (CXCR3-B) shows high affinity binding to chemokine, CXCL4/PF4 (PMID:12782716). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. This protein is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8). It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein activated second messenger system. This receptor also binds to chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1/MGSA), a protein with melanoma growth stimulating activity, and has been shown to be a major component required for serum-dependent melanoma cell growth. This receptor mediates neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation. The angiogenic effects of IL8 in intestinal microvascular endothelial cells are found to be mediated by this receptor. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this receptor controls the positioning of oligodendrocyte precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration. This gene, IL8RA, a gene encoding another high affinity IL8 receptor, as well as IL8RBP, a pseudogene of IL8RB, form a gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q33-q36. Alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. This protein is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8). It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein activated second messenger system. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this protein inhibits embryonic oligodendrocyte precursor migration in developing spinal cord. This gene, IL8RB, a gene encoding another high affinity IL8 receptor, as well as IL8RBP, a pseudogene of IL8RB, form a gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q33-q36. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 6

The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains that belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. This family also includes CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, and CXCR7. This gene, which maps to the chemokine receptor gene cluster, is expressed in several T lymphocyte subsets and bone marrow stromal cells. The encoded protein and its exclusive ligand, chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16), are part of a signalling pathway that regulates T lymphocyte migration to various peripheral tissues (the liver, spleen red pulp, intestine, lungs, and skin) and promotes cell-cell interaction with dendritic cells and fibroblastic reticular cells. CXCR6/CCL16 also controls the localization of resident memory T lymphocytes to different compartments of the lung and maintains airway resident memory T lymphocytes, which are an important first line of defense against respiratory pathogens. The encoded protein serves as an entry coreceptor used by HIV-1 and SIV to enter target cells, in conjunction with CD4. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5

This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. It is expressed in mature B-cells and Burkitt's lymphoma. This cytokine receptor binds to B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC), and is involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles of spleen and Peyer patches. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4

This gene encodes a CXC chemokine receptor specific for stromal cell-derived factor-1. The protein has 7 transmembrane regions and is located on the cell surface. It acts with the CD4 protein to support HIV entry into cells and is also highly expressed in breast cancer cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 16

Enables several functions, including RNA binding activity; metal ion binding activity; and pyrophosphatase activity. Involved in RNA metabolic process and positive regulation of cell cycle process. Located in cytoplasm; nucleolus; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 11

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 12

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 13

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 9 pseudogene 1

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28

This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. This chemokine may play a role in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21

This antimicrobial gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the p-arm of chromosome 9. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. Similar to other chemokines the protein encoded by this gene inhibits hemopoiesis and stimulates chemotaxis. This protein is chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T cells, but not for B cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. The cytokine encoded by this gene may also play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs. It is a high affinity functional ligand for chemokine receptor 7 that is expressed on T and B lymphocytes and a known receptor for another member of the cytokine family (small inducible cytokine A19). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20

This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The protein encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and can repress proliferation of myeloid progenitors. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 23

This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes and monocytes, lower activity on neutrophils and no activity on activated T lymphocytes. The protein is also a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. In addition, the product of this gene is a potent agonist of the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22

This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 16. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and for chronically activated T lymphocytes. It also displays a mild activity for primary activated T lymphocytes and has no chemoattractant activity for neutrophils, eosinophils and resting T lymphocytes. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptor CCR4. This chemokine may play a role in the trafficking of activated T lymphocytes to inflammatory sites and other aspects of activated T lymphocyte physiology. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25

This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for dendritic cells, thymocytes, and activated macrophages but is inactive on peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptor CCR9. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24

This gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes, a minimal activity on neutrophils, and is negative on monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. This protein also has antimicrobial activity, displaying an antibacterial effect on S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, Non-typeable H. influenzae, and P. aeruginosa. Finally, the protein is a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27

This gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the p-arm of chromosome 9. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The protein encoded by this gene is chemotactic for skin-associated memory T lymphocytes. This cytokine may also play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to cutaneous sites. It specifically binds to chemokine receptor 10 (CCR10). Studies of a similar murine protein indicate that these protein-receptor interactions have a pivotal role in T cell-mediated skin inflammation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26

This gene is one of two Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 7. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for normal peripheral blood eosinophils and basophils. This protein also has antimicrobial activity, displaying an antibacterial effect on S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, Non-typeable H. influenzae, and P. aeruginosa. The product of this gene is one of three related chemokines that specifically activate chemokine receptor CCR3. This chemokine may contribute to the eosinophil accumulation in atopic diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member T pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 7 pseudogene

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 4

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of actin filament polymerization. Located in cytosol and microtubule cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 2

This gene encodes a member of the KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains (KANK) family of proteins, which play a role in cytoskeletal formation by regulating actin polymerization. The encoded protein functions in the sequestration of steroid receptor coactivators and possibly other proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with impaired kidney podocyte function and nephrotic syndrome, and keratoderma and woolly hair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 3

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of actin filament polymerization. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Kank family of proteins, which contain multiple ankyrin repeat domains. This family member functions in cytoskeleton formation by regulating actin polymerization. This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor for renal cell carcinoma. Mutations in this gene cause cerebral palsy spastic quadriplegic type 2, a central nervous system development disorder. A t(5;9) translocation results in fusion of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta gene (PDGFRB) on chromosome 5 with this gene in a myeloproliferative neoplasm featuring severe thrombocythemia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein 4 pseudogene

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 8

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme contains two C-terminal TS motifs, and disrupts angiogenesis in vivo. A number of disorders have been mapped in the vicinity of this gene, most notably lung neoplasms. Reduced expression of this gene has been observed in multiple human cancers and this gene has been proposed as a potential tumor suppressor. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA binding motif 1 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member A pseudogene

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 7 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 12B

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of RNA splicing. Predicted to be part of ribonucleoprotein complex. Predicted to be active in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

chemokine (C motif) receptor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The family members are characterized by the presence of 7 transmembrane domains. The encoded protein transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ion level. The viral macrophage inflammatory protein-II is an antagonist of this receptor and blocks signaling. Some studies have implicated a cluster of genes at 3p21.31, including this gene, as associated with COVID-19 risk. The encoded protein may also play a role in cell proliferation and migration in several types of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2023]

RNA binding motif protein 8A

This gene encodes a protein with a conserved RNA-binding motif. The protein is found predominantly in the nucleus, although it is also present in the cytoplasm. It is preferentially associated with mRNAs produced by splicing, including both nuclear mRNAs and newly exported cytoplasmic mRNAs. It is thought that the protein remains associated with spliced mRNAs as a tag to indicate where introns had been present, thus coupling pre- and post-mRNA splicing events. Previously, it was thought that two genes encode this protein, RBM8A and RBM8B; it is now thought that the RBM8B locus is a pseudogene. There are two alternate translation start codons with this gene, which result in two forms of the protein. An allele mutation and a low-frequency noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in this gene cause thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

RNA binding motif protein 8B pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 39 pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 22

Enables UDP-sugar diphosphatase activity and metal ion binding activity. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 21

The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a cleavage factor required for 3' RNA cleavage and polyadenylation processing. The interaction of the protein with the RNA is one of the earliest steps in the assembly of the 3' end processing complex and facilitates the recruitment of other processing factors. This gene encodes the 25kD subunit of the protein complex, which is composed of four polypeptides. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member A1 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member Q pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 15B

Members of the SPEN (Split-end) family of proteins, including RBM15B, have repressor function in several signaling pathways and may bind to RNA through interaction with spliceosome components (Hiriart et al., 2005 [PubMed 16129689]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2009]

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 1

Predicted to enable protein kinase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including positive regulation of focal adhesion disassembly; positive regulation of keratinocyte migration; and regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization. Located in nucleolus. Implicated in intellectual developmental disorder with short stature and behavioral abnormalities and lung adenocarcinoma. Biomarker of lung non-small cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including activation of GTPase activity; postsynapse organization; and regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 2

This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the ARF family of small GTP-binding proteins. The encoded protein is a component of the postsynaptic density at excitatory synapses, and may play a critical role in cytoskeletal and synaptic organization through the activation of selected ARF substrates including ARF1 and ARF6. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in nonsyndromic X-linked cognitive disability. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 10

This gene belongs to the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin type-1 motifs) family of zinc-dependent proteases. ADAMTS proteases are complex secreted enzymes containing a prometalloprotease domain of the reprolysin type attached to an ancillary domain with a highly conserved structure that includes at least one thrombospondin type 1 repeat. They have been demonstrated to have important roles in connective tissue organization, coagulation, inflammation, arthritis, angiogenesis and cell migration. The product of this gene plays a major role in growth and in skin, lens, and heart development. It is also a candidate gene for autosomal recessive Weill-Marchesani syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13

This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins containing several distinct regions, including a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. The enzyme encoded by this gene specifically cleaves von Willebrand Factor (vWF). Defects in this gene are associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 12

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS-1) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS-1 motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The enzyme encoded by this gene contains eight TS-1 motifs. It may play roles in pulmonary cells during fetal development or in tumor processes through its proteolytic activity or as a molecule potentially involved in regulation of cell adhesion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 14

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme cleaves amino-terminal propeptides from type I procollagen, a necessary step in the formation of collagen fibers. Mutations in this gene may be associated with osteoarthritis in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 17

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein, which may promote breast cancer cell growth and survival. Mutations in this gene are associated with a Weill-Marchesani-like syndrome, which is characterized by lenticular myopia, ectopia lentis, glaucoma, spherophakia, and short stature. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 16

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein, which may inhibit chondrosarcoma cell proliferation and migration. This gene may regulate blood pressure. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 19

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene has high sequence similarity to the protein encoded by ADAMTS16, another family member. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 18

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein, which may regulate hemostatic balance and function as a tumor suppressor. Mutations in this gene may be associated with microcornea, myopic chorioretinal atrophy, and telecanthus (MMCAT) and cone-rod dystrophy in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 10

Chemokines are a group of small (approximately 8 to 14 kD), mostly basic, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes through interactions with a subset of 7-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. Chemokines are divided into 2 major subfamilies, CXC and CC, based on the arrangement of the first 2 of the 4 conserved cysteine residues; the 2 cysteines are separated by a single amino acid in CXC chemokines and are adjacent in CC chemokines. CCR10 is the receptor for CCL27 (SCYA27; MIM 604833); CCR10-CCL27 interactions are involved in T cell-mediated skin inflammation (Homey et al., 2002 [PubMed 11821900]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member A1

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. This protein is thought to function as a splicing regulator during spermatogenesis. Multiple closely related paralogs of this gene are found in a gene cluster in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y. Most of these related copies are thought to be pseudogenes, though several likely encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member Y pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member F pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 33

Enables N6-methyladenosine-containing RNA reader activity and lncRNA binding activity. Involved in RNA export from nucleus and regulation of mRNA stability. Located in cytoplasm. Is active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 39

This gene encodes a member of the U2AF65 family of proteins. The encoded protein is found in the nucleus, where it co-localizes with core spliceosomal proteins. It has been shown to play a role in both steroid hormone receptor-mediated transcription and alternative splicing, and it is also a transcriptional coregulator of the viral oncoprotein v-Rel. Multiple transcript variants have been observed for this gene. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

RNA binding motif protein 38

Enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity. Involved in DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; and regulation of gene expression. Located in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich 1

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of U2AF complex and spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member A3 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member N pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 11 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member C

Enables RNA binding activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in regulation of RNA splicing. Located in nucleus. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member B

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. This protein likely functions as a splicing factor during spermatogenesis. Multiple closely related paralogs of this gene are found in a gene cluster in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y. Most of these related copies are thought to be pseudogenes, though several likely encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member F

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. Multiple copies of this gene are found in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y and the encoded protein is thought to be involved in spermatogenesis. Most copies of this locus are pseudogenes, although six highly similar copies have full-length ORFs and are considered functional. Four functional copies of this gene are found within inverted repeat IR2; two functional copies of this gene are found in palindrome P3, along with two copies of PTPN13-like, Y-linked. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member E

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. Multiple copies of this gene are found in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y and the encoded protein is thought to be involved in spermatogenesis. Most copies of this locus are pseudogenes, although six highly similar copies have full-length ORFs and are considered functional. Four functional copies of this gene are found within inverted repeat IR2; two functional copies of this gene are found in palindrome P3, along with two copies of PTPN13-like, Y-linked. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member D

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. This protein likely functions as a splicing factor during spermatogenesis. Multiple closely related paralogs of this gene are found in a gene cluster in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y. Most of these related copies are thought to be pseudogenes, though several likely encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 12

Nucleotides are involved in numerous biochemical reactions and pathways within the cell as substrates, cofactors, and effectors. Nudix hydrolases, such as NUDT12, regulate the concentrations of individual nucleotides and of nucleotide ratios in response to changing circumstances (Abdelraheim et al., 2003 [PubMed 12790796]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 13

Predicted to enable NADH pyrophosphatase activity. Predicted to be involved in NADH metabolic process and NADP catabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 10

This gene is a member of the nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif containing family. The encoded protein is a phosphohydrolase and may regulate the turnover of diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. The turnover of these high-energy diphosphoinositol polyphosphates represents a molecular switching activity with important regulatory consequences. Molecular switching by diphosphoinositol polyphosphates may contribute to the regulation of intracellular trafficking. In some populations putative prostate cancer susceptibility alleles have been identified for this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, which differ only in the 5' UTR, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 11

NUDT11 belongs to a subgroup of phosphohydrolases that preferentially attack diphosphoinositol polyphosphates (Hidaka et al., 2002 [PubMed 12105228]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 17

Predicted to enable NADH pyrophosphatase activity. Predicted to be involved in NAD catabolic process; NADH metabolic process; and NADP catabolic process. Predicted to be active in peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 14

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix hydrolases eliminate potentially toxic nucleotide metabolites from the cell and regulate the concentrations and availability of many different nucleotide substrates, cofactors, and signaling molecules. This enzyme contains a Nudix hydrolase domain and is a UDPG pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes UDPG to produce glucose 1-phosphate and UMP. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 15

This gene encodes an enzyme that belongs to the Nudix hydrolase superfamily. Members of this superfamily catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleoside diphosphates, including substrates like 8-oxo-dGTP, which are a result of oxidative damage, and can induce base mispairing during DNA replication, causing transversions. The encoded enzyme is a negative regulator of thiopurine activation and toxicity. Mutations in this gene result in poor metabolism of thiopurines, and are associated with thiopurine-induced early leukopenia. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 18

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix hydrolases eliminate potentially toxic nucleotide metabolites from the cell and regulate the concentrations and availability of many different nucleotide substrates, cofactors, and signaling molecules. This protein contains a Nudix hydrolase domain and hydrolyzes oxidized forms of guanosine and deoxyguanosine diphosphates. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19

Predicted to enable magnesium ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in acyl-CoA metabolic process and coenzyme A catabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 43 pseudogene 1

chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1

Fractalkine is a transmembrane protein and chemokine involved in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for fractalkine. The encoded protein also is a coreceptor for HIV-1, and some variations in this gene lead to increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rapid progression to AIDS. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member V pseudogene

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 20

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ADAMTS family of zinc-dependent proteases. The encoded protein has a signal peptide that is cleaved to release the mature peptide, which is secreted and found in the extracellular matrix. This protein may be involved in tissue remodeling. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 12, pseudogene

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3 pseudogene 1

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3 pseudogene 2

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3 pseudogene 3

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha)

This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The encoded protein is a secreted growth factor that signals through the G-protein coupled receptor, CXC receptor 2. This protein plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. Aberrant expression of this protein is associated with the growth and progression of certain tumors. A naturally occurring processed form of this protein has increased chemotactic activity. Alternate splicing results in coding and non-coding variants of this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3

This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The encoded protein is a secreted growth factor that signals through the G-protein coupled receptor, CXC receptor 2. This protein plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2

This antimicrobial gene is part of a chemokine superfamily that encodes secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CXC subfamily, is expressed at sites of inflammation and may suppress hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. Chemokines, which recruit and activate leukocytes, are classified by function (inflammatory or homeostatic) or by structure. This protein is proposed to bind the G-protein coupled receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 to recruit neutrophils, to promote angiogenesis and to remodel connective tissues. This protein is thought to play a role in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6

The protein encoded by this gene is a member CXC chemokine family. The encoded protein is a chemotactic for neutrophil granulocytes and has antibacterial action against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. This gene and other members of the CXC chemokine gene family form a gene cluster in a region of chromosome 4q. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9

This antimicrobial gene is part of a chemokine superfamily that encodes secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The protein encoded is thought to be involved in T cell trafficking. The encoded protein binds to C-X-C motif chemokine 3 and is a chemoattractant for lymphocytes but not for neutrophils. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CXC chemokine family and is a major mediator of the inflammatory response. The encoded protein is commonly referred to as interleukin-8 (IL-8). IL-8 is secreted by mononuclear macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. It functions as a chemotactic factor by guiding the neutrophils to the site of infection. Bacterial and viral products rapidly induce IL-8 expression. IL-8 also participates with other cytokines in the proinflammatory signaling cascade and plays a role in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This gene is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of the lower respiratory tract infection bronchiolitis, a common respiratory tract disease caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The overproduction of this proinflammatory protein is thought to cause the lung inflammation associated with csytic fibrosis. This proinflammatory protein is also suspected of playing a role in coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. This protein is also secreted by tumor cells and promotes tumor migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. This chemokine is also a potent angiogenic factor. The binding of IL-8 to one of its receptors (IL-8RB/CXCR2) increases the permeability of blood vessels and increasing levels of IL-8 are positively correlated with increased severity of multiple disease outcomes (eg, sepsis). This gene and other members of the CXC chemokine gene family form a gene cluster in a region of chromosome 4q. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 15 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif protein 45 pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 21 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein 7

Enables 14-3-3 protein binding activity; pre-mRNA intronic binding activity; and snRNA binding activity. Involved in snRNA catabolic process. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 6

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 5

This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor gene which encodes a nuclear RNA binding protein that is a component of the spliceosome A complex. The encoded protein plays a role in the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through pre-mRNA splicing of multiple target genes including the tumor suppressor protein p53. This gene is located within the tumor suppressor region 3p21.3, and may play a role in the inhibition of tumor transformation and progression of several malignancies including lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

RNA binding motif protein 4

Enables RNA binding activity and cyclin binding activity. Involved in several processes, including IRES-dependent translational initiation of linear mRNA; negative regulation of translation; and regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Located in cytoplasmic stress granule; cytosol; and nuclear lumen. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif (RNP1, RRM) protein 3

This gene is a member of the glycine-rich RNA-binding protein family and encodes a protein with one RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain. Expression of this gene is induced by cold shock and low oxygen tension. A pseudogene exists on chromosome 1. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that are predicted to encode different isoforms have been characterized although some of these variants fit nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) criteria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked

This gene belongs to the RBMY gene family which includes candidate Y chromosome spermatogenesis genes. This gene, an active X chromosome homolog of the Y chromosome RBMY gene, is widely expressed whereas the RBMY gene evolved a male-specific function in spermatogenesis. Pseudogenes of this gene, found on chromosomes 1, 4, 9, 11, and 6, were likely derived by retrotransposition from the original gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. A snoRNA gene (SNORD61) is found in one of its introns. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member C pseudogene

NFAT activating protein with ITAM motif 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor that activates cytokine gene promoters such as the IL-13 and TNF-alpha promoters. The encoded protein contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and is thought to regulate the signaling and development of B-cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C motif) ligand 2

Predicted to enable CCR chemokine receptor binding activity and chemokine activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; chemokine-mediated signaling pathway; and eosinophil chemotaxis. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

chemokine (C motif) ligand 1

This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the chemokine superfamily. Chemokines function in inflammatory and immunological responses, inducing leukocyte migration and activation. The encoded protein is a member of the C-chemokine subfamily, retaining only two of four cysteines conserved in other chemokines, and is thought to be specifically chemotactic for T cells. This gene and a closely related family member are located on the long arm of chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 8

Predicted to enable magnesium ion binding activity and manganese ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in nucleoside phosphate catabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 9

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix boxes are found in a family of diverse enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. This enzyme is an ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ADP-ribose to AMP and ribose-5-P. It requires divalent metal ions and an intact Nudix motif for enzymatic activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 1

Misincorporation of oxidized nucleoside triphosphates into DNA/RNA during replication and transcription can cause mutations that may result in carcinogenesis or neurodegeneration. The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that hydrolyzes oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates, such as 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-dATP, 2-hydroxy-dATP, and 2-hydroxy rATP, to monophosphates, thereby preventing misincorporation. The encoded protein is localized mainly in the cytoplasm, with some in the mitochondria, suggesting that it is involved in the sanitization of nucleotide pools both for nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which encode distinct isoforms, have been identified. Additional variants have been observed, but their full-length natures have not been determined. A rare single-nucleotide polymorphism that results in the production of an additional, longer isoform (p26) has been described. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2018]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 2

This gene encodes a member of the MutT family of nucleotide pyrophosphatases, a subset of the larger NUDIX hydrolase family. The gene product possesses a modification of the MutT sequence motif found in certain nucleotide pyrophosphatases. The enzyme asymmetrically hydrolyzes Ap4A to yield AMP and ATP and is responsible for maintaining the intracellular level of the dinucleotide Ap4A, the function of which has yet to be established. This gene may be a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and four transcript variants, all encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 3

NUDT3 belongs to the MutT, or Nudix, protein family. Nudix proteins act as homeostatic checkpoints at important stages in nucleoside phosphate metabolic pathways, guarding against elevated levels of potentially dangerous intermediates, like 8-oxo-dGTP, which promotes AT-to-CG transversions (Safrany et al., 1998 [PubMed 9822604]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 4

The protein encoded by this gene regulates the turnover of diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. The turnover of these high-energy diphosphoinositol polyphosphates represents a molecular switching activity with important regulatory consequences. Molecular switching by diphosphoinositol polyphosphates may contribute to regulating intracellular trafficking. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. Isoforms DIPP2alpha and DIPP2beta are distinguishable from each other solely by DIPP2beta possessing one additional amino acid due to intron boundary skidding in alternate splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 5

This gene belongs to the Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X) hydrolase superfamily. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of modified nucleoside diphosphates, including ADP-ribose (ADPR) and 8-oxoGua-containing 8-oxo-dADP and 8-oxo-dGDP. Protein-bound ADP ribose can be hazardous to the cell because it can modify some amino acid residues, resulting in the inhibition of ATP-activated potassium channels. 8-oxoGua is an oxidized form of guanine that can potentially alter genetic information by pairing with adenine and cytosine in RNA. Presence of 8-oxoGua in RNA results in formation of abnormal proteins due to translational errors. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 6

This gene overlaps and lies on the opposite strand from FGF2 gene, and is thought to be the FGF2 antisense gene. The two genes are independently transcribed, and their expression shows an inverse relationship, suggesting that this antisense transcript may regulate FGF2 expression. This gene has also been shown to have hormone-regulatory and antiproliferative actions in the pituitary that are independent of FGF2 expression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 7

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix hydrolases eliminate potentially toxic nucleotide metabolites from the cell and regulate the concentrations and availability of many different nucleotide substrates, cofactors, and signaling molecules. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 pseudogene 4

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 pseudogene 5

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 pseudogene 3

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2

This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. Elevated expression of the encoded protein is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3

This locus represents a small inducible cytokine. The encoded protein, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, plays a role in inflammatory responses through binding to the receptors CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5. Polymorphisms at this locus may be associated with both resistance and susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1

This antimicrobial gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, is secreted by activated T cells and displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for neutrophils. It binds to the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7

This gene encodes monocyte chemotactic protein 3, a secreted chemokine which attracts macrophages during inflammation and metastasis. It is a member of the C-C subfamily of chemokines which are characterized by having two adjacent cysteine residues. The protein is an in vivo substrate of matrix metalloproteinase 2, an enzyme which degrades components of the extracellular matrix. This gene is part of a cluster of C-C chemokine family members on chromosome 17q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. The encoded protein is secreted and has chemokinetic and inflammatory functions. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5

This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. This cytokine is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells. It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8

This antimicrobial gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils. By recruiting leukocytes to sites of inflammation this cytokine may contribute to tumor-associated leukocyte infiltration and to the antiviral state against HIV infection. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member K pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 4B pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member K, pseudogene

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 15

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme, which may play a role in versican processing during skeletal muscle development. This gene may function as a tumor suppressor in colorectal and breast cancers. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member S pseudogene

chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1

This gene belongs to the CX3C subgroup of chemokines, characterized by the number of amino acids located between the conserved cysteine residues. This is the only member of the CX3C subgroup, which contains three amino acids between cysteine residues, resulting in a Cys-X-X-X-Cys configuration. The encoded protein contains an extended mucin-like stalk with a chemokine domain on top, and exists in both a membrane-anchored form where it acts as a binding molecule, or, in soluble form, as a chemotactic cytokine. The mature form of this protein can be cleaved at the cell surface, yielding different soluble forms that can interact with the G-protein coupled receptor, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 gene product. This gene plays a role in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, vasculitis, neuropathies, atherosclerosis, inflammatory diseases, and in human immunodeficiency virus infections. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7)

The protein encoded by this gene is a platelet-derived growth factor that belongs to the CXC chemokine family. This growth factor is a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils. It has been shown to stimulate various cellular processes including DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulates the formation and secretion of plasminogen activator by synovial cells. The protein also is an antimicrobial protein with bactericidal and antifungal activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

U2AF homology motif (UHM) kinase 1

The gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that promotes cell cycle progression through G1 by phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1), which causes nuclear export and degradation. The encoded protein is also thought to function in the adult nervous system and the gene has been associated with schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 5

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme contains two C-terminal TS motifs and functions as an aggrecanase that cleaves aggrecan, a major proteoglycan of cartilage, and may mediate cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 4

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of this family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The enzyme encoded by this gene lacks a C-terminal TS motif. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protease. This protease is responsible for the degradation of aggrecan, a major proteoglycan of cartilage, and brevican, a brain-specific extracellular matrix protein. The expression of this gene is upregulated in arthritic disease and this may contribute to disease progression through the degradation of aggrecan. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 7

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family. Members of this family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme contains two C-terminal TS motifs and may regulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration. Mutations in this gene may be associated with susceptibility to coronary artery disease. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 6

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. Expression of this gene may be regulated by the cytokine TNF-alpha. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene contains two disintegrin loops and three C-terminal TS motifs and has anti-angiogenic activity. The expression of this gene may be associated with various inflammatory processes as well as development of cancer cachexia. This gene is likely to be necessary for normal growth, fertility, and organ morphology and function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 3

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protease. This protease, a member of the procollagen aminopropeptidase subfamily of proteins, may play a role in the processing of type II fibrillar collagen in articular cartilage. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 2

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature procollagen N-proteinase. This proteinase excises the N-propeptide of the fibrillar procollagens types I-III and type V. Mutations in this gene cause Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIC, a recessively inherited connective-tissue disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 9

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. Members of the ADAMTS family have been implicated in the cleavage of proteoglycans, the control of organ shape during development, and the inhibition of angiogenesis. This gene is localized to chromosome 3p14.3-p14.2, an area known to be lost in hereditary renal tumors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar proteolytic processing. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

signal transducing adaptor molecule (SH3 domain and ITAM motif) 2

The protein encoded by this gene is closely related to STAM, an adaptor protein involved in the downstream signaling of cytokine receptors, both of which contain a SH3 domain and the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). Similar to STAM, this protein acts downstream of JAK kinases, and is phosphorylated in response to cytokine stimulation. This protein and STAM thus are thought to exhibit compensatory effects on the signaling pathway downstream of JAK kinases upon cytokine stimulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein 12

This gene encodes a protein that contains several RNA-binding motifs, potential transmembrane domains, and proline-rich regions. This gene and the gene for copine I overlap at map location 20q11.21. Alternative splicing in the 5' UTR results in four transcript variants. All variants encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

RNA binding motif protein 11

Enables poly(U) RNA binding activity and protein homodimerization activity. Acts upstream of or within cellular response to oxidative stress and regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Located in nuclear speck. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 10

This gene encodes a nuclear protein that belongs to a family proteins that contain an RNA-binding motif. The encoded protein associates with hnRNP proteins and may be involved in regulating alternative splicing. Defects in this gene are the cause of the X-linked recessive disorder, TARP syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

RNA binding motif protein 17

This gene encodes an RNA binding protein. The encoded protein is part of the spliceosome complex and functions in the second catalytic step of mRNA splicing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 9 and 15. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

RNA binding motif protein 15

Members of the SPEN (Split-end) family of proteins, including RBM15, have repressor function in several signaling pathways and may bind to RNA through interaction with spliceosome components (Hiriart et al., 2005 [PubMed 16129689]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2009]

RNA binding motif protein 14

This gene encodes a ribonucleoprotein that functions as a general nuclear coactivator, and an RNA splicing modulator. This protein contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) at the N-terminus, and multiple hexapeptide repeat domain at the C-terminus that interacts with thyroid hormone receptor-binding protein (TRBP), and is required for transcription activation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (with opposing effects on transcription) have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

RNA binding motif protein 19

This gene encodes a nucleolar protein that contains six RNA-binding motifs. The encoded protein may be involved in regulating ribosome biogenesis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

RNA binding motif protein 18

Predicted to enable RNA binding activity. Located in cytosol; intercellular bridge; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2

This gene encodes an essential splicing factor. The encoded protein associates with the U2 auxiliary factor heterodimer, which is required for the recognition of a functional 3' splice site in pre-mRNA splicing, and may play a role in network interactions during spliceosome assembly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member H pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked pseudogene 4

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked pseudogene 3

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif protein 34

This gene encodes a member of the RNA-binding motif family of RNA recognition motif proteins. The encoded protein contains an RNA-binding domain made up of two RNA recognition motif subdomains referred to as RNA recognition motif-1 and RNA recognition motif-2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

Ral GEF with PH domain and SH3 binding motif 2

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Predicted to be involved in Ras protein signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ral GEF with PH domain and SH3 binding motif 1

Enables guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Involved in regulation of Ral protein signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

signal transducing adaptor molecule (SH3 domain and ITAM motif) 1

This gene encodes a member of the signal-transducing adaptor molecule family. These proteins mediate downstream signaling of cytokine receptors and also play a role in ER to Golgi trafficking by interacting with the coat protein II complex. The encoded protein also associates with hepatocyte growth factor-regulated substrate to form the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-0 (ESCRT-0), which sorts ubiquitinated membrane proteins to the ESCRT-1 complex for lysosomal degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6

This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. The gene is preferentially expressed by immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The ligand of this receptor is macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha (MIP-3 alpha). This receptor has been shown to be important for B-lineage maturation and antigen-driven B-cell differentiation, and it may regulate the migration and recruitment of dentritic and T cells during inflammatory and immunological responses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 6

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 4

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 5

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 3

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Located in endoplasmic reticulum; nuclear membrane; and nucleolus. Part of U2-type precatalytic spliceosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1 pseudogene

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 pseudogene

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11

Chemokines are a group of small (approximately 8 to 14 kD), mostly basic, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes through interactions with a subset of 7-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. Chemokines are divided into 2 major subfamilies, CXC and CC. This antimicrobial gene is a CXC member of the chemokine superfamily. Its encoded protein induces a chemotactic response in activated T-cells and is the dominant ligand for CXC receptor-3. The gene encoding this protein contains 4 exons and at least three polyadenylation signals which might reflect cell-specific regulation of expression. IFN-gamma is a potent inducer of transcription of this gene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12

This antimicrobial gene encodes a stromal cell-derived alpha chemokine member of the intercrine family. The encoded protein functions as the ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4, and plays a role in many diverse cellular functions, including embryogenesis, immune surveillance, inflammation response, tissue homeostasis, and tumor growth and metastasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14

This antimicrobial gene belongs to the cytokine gene family which encode secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to the CXC (Cys-X-Cys) subfamily of cytokines. Members of this subfamily are characterized by two cysteines separated by a single amino acid. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils or macrophages. It has been implicated that this cytokine is involved in the homeostasis of monocyte-derived macrophages rather than in inflammation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 17

The protein encoded by this gene is a mucosal chemokine that attracts immature dendritic cells and blood monocytes to the lungs. The encoded protein also promotes tumorigenesis through an angiogenic activity. Finally, this protein exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16

Enables chemokine activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of cell growth; response to tumor necrosis factor; and response to type II interferon. Located in extracellular space. Biomarker of COVID-19 and systemic scleroderma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 48 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member X pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member E pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 3, member A pseudogene

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1

This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. The ligands of this receptor include macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3), and myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-1 (MPIF-1). Chemokines and their receptors mediated signal transduction are critical for the recruitment of effector immune cells to the site of inflammation. Knockout studies of the mouse homolog suggested the roles of this gene in host protection from inflammatory response, and susceptibility to virus and parasite. This gene and other chemokine receptor genes, including CCR2, CCRL2, CCR3, CCR5 and CCXCR1, are found to form a gene cluster on chromosome 3p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a chemokine which specifically mediates monocyte chemotaxis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is involved in monocyte infiltration in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis as well as in the inflammatory response against tumors. The encoded protein mediates agonist-dependent calcium mobilization and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. This protein can also be a coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection. This gene is located in the chemokine receptor gene cluster region of chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. It belongs to family 1 of the G protein-coupled receptors. This receptor binds and responds to a variety of chemokines, including eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-3 (CCL26), MCP-3 (CCL7), MCP-4 (CCL13), and RANTES (CCL5). It is highly expressed in eosinophils and basophils, and is also detected in TH1 and TH2 cells, as well as in airway epithelial cells. This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. It is also known to be an entry co-receptor for HIV-1. This gene and seven other chemokine receptor genes form a chemokine receptor gene cluster on the chromosomal region 3p21. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor family . It is a receptor for the CC chemokine - MIP-1, RANTES, TARC and MCP-1. Chemokines are a group of small polypeptide, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes. The chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (gene/pseudogene)

This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. This protein is expressed by T cells and macrophages, and is known to be an important co-receptor for macrophage-tropic virus, including HIV, to enter host cells. Defective alleles of this gene have been associated with the HIV infection resistance. The ligands of this receptor include monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta) and regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES). Expression of this gene was also detected in a promyeloblastic cell line, suggesting that this protein may play a role in granulocyte lineage proliferation and differentiation. This gene is located at the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. An allelic polymorphism in this gene results in both functional and non-functional alleles; the reference genome represents the functional allele. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This receptor was identified as a gene induced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and is thought to be a mediator of EBV effects on B lymphocytes. This receptor is expressed in various lymphoid tissues and activates B and T lymphocytes. It has been shown to control the migration of memory T cells to inflamed tissues, as well as stimulate dendritic cell maturation. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19/ECL) has been reported to be a specific ligand of this receptor. Signals mediated by this receptor regulate T cell homeostasis in lymph nodes, and may also function in the activation and polarization of T cells, and in chronic inflammation pathogenesis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8

This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors are important for the migration of various cell types into the inflammatory sites. This receptor protein preferentially expresses in the thymus. I-309, thymus activation-regulated cytokine (TARC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 beta) have been identified as ligands of this receptor. Studies of this receptor and its ligands suggested its role in regulation of monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell apoptosis. More specifically, this receptor may contribute to the proper positioning of activated T cells within the antigenic challenge sites and specialized areas of lymphoid tissues. This gene is located at the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains that belongs to the beta chemokine receptor family. Chemokines and their receptors are key regulators of thymocyte migration and maturation in normal and inflammation conditions. This gene is differentially expressed in T lymphocytes of the small intestine and colon, and its interaction with chemokine 25 contributes to intestinal intra-epithelial lymphocyte homing to the small intestine. This suggests a role for this gene in directing immune responses to different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. This gene and its exclusive ligand, chemokine 25, are overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors and are closely associated with tumor proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and drug resistance. This gene maps to the chemokine receptor gene cluster. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member M pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 3 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 4B

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod; mRNA splicing, via spliceosome; and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of gene expression. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 41

Predicted to enable U12 snRNA binding activity and pre-mRNA intronic binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be part of U12-type spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 42

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 43

Predicted to enable RNA binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 44

Predicted to enable mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity and protein homodimerization activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and intercellular bridge. Predicted to be part of catalytic step 2 spliceosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 45

This gene encodes a member of the RNA recognition motif (RRM)-type RNA-binding family of proteins. This protein exhibits preferential binding to poly(C) RNA. Initial cloning of this gene found that the rat ortholog was dynamically expressed in the developing rat brain. This protein has been localized to inclusion bodies in the brain and spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's patients. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

RNA binding motif protein 46

Predicted to enable mRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle; meiotic nuclear division; and spermatid differentiation. Predicted to act upstream of or within mRNA stabilization and trophectodermal cell differentiation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 47

Enables enzyme binding activity; enzyme-substrate adaptor activity; and mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity. Involved in cytidine to uridine editing; positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway; and regulation of mRNA metabolic process. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Part of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 48

Predicted to enable RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in RNA splicing and mRNA processing. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 1

This gene encodes a member of a small family of proteins which bind single stranded DNA/RNA. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two sets of ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (RNP-CS) that contain conserved motifs, RNP1 and RNP2, originally described in RNA binding proteins, and required for DNA binding. These proteins have been implicated in such diverse functions as DNA replication, gene transcription, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Several transcript variants, resulting from alternative splicing and encoding different isoforms, have been described. A pseudogene for this locus is found on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 3

This gene encodes an RNA-binding protein that belongs to the c-myc gene single-strand binding protein family. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two sets of ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (RNP-CS) that contain conserved motifs, RNP1 and RNP2, originally described in RNA binding proteins, and required for DNA binding. These proteins have been implicated in such diverse functions as DNA replication, gene transcription, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. The encoded protein was isolated by virtue of its binding to an upstream element of the alpha2(I) collagen promoter. The observation that this protein localizes mostly in the cytoplasm suggests that it may be involved in a cytoplasmic function such as controlling RNA metabolism, rather than transcription. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a small family of proteins which bind single stranded DNA/RNA. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two sets of ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (RNP-CS) that contain conserved motifs, RNP1 and RNP2, originally described in RNA binding proteins, and required for DNA binding. The RBMS proteins have been implicated in such diverse functions as DNA replication, gene transcription, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. This protein was isolated by phenotypic complementation of cdc2 and cdc13 mutants of yeast and is thought to suppress cdc2 and cdc13 mutants through the induction of translation of cdc2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member U pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 16 pseudogene 1

hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 2

This gene encodes a member of the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcription factors. The encoded protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers that localize to the nucleus and interact with a histone deacetylase complex to repress transcription. Expression of this gene is induced by the Notch signal transduction pathway. Two similar and redundant genes in mouse are required for embryonic cardiovascular development, and are also implicated in neurogenesis and somitogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1

This gene encodes a nuclear protein belonging to the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcriptional repressors. Expression of this gene is induced by the Notch and c-Jun signal transduction pathways. Two similar and redundant genes in mouse are required for embryonic cardiovascular development, and are also implicated in neurogenesis and somitogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10

This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. Binding of this protein to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. This gene may also be a key regulator of the 'cytokine storm' immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2020]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13

B lymphocyte chemoattractant, independently cloned and named Angie, is an antimicrobial peptide and CXC chemokine strongly expressed in the follicles of the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. It preferentially promotes the migration of B lymphocytes (compared to T cells and macrophages), apparently by stimulating calcium influx into, and chemotaxis of, cells expressing Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR-1). It may therefore function in the homing of B lymphocytes to follicles. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA binding motif 1 pseudogene

zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA binding motif 1

Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome. U12-type spliceosome binds U12-type pre-mRNAs and recognizes the 5' splice site and branch-point sequence. U11 and U12 snRNPs are components of U12-type spliceosome and function as a molecular bridge connecting both ends of the intron. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RNA recognition motif. It was identified as one of the protein components of U11/U12 snRNPs. This protein and many other U11/U12 snRNP proteins are highly conserved in organisms known to contain U12-type introns. These proteins have been shown to be essential for cell viability, suggesting the key roles in U12-type splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 2 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member B pseudogene

TIM double twin CX3C motif chaperone