Harmonizome 3.0

MAK16 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in maturation of 5.8S rRNA and maturation of LSU-rRNA. Located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene

ribosomal protein S4X pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein S4X pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein S4X pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein S4X pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein S4X pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein S4X pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein S4X pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 13

40S ribosomal protein SA-like

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 31

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S31 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 36

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 38

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 43

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 42

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 41

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 40

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 47

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 46

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 45

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 44

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 49

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 48

ribosomal protein L32 pseudogene 35

ribosomal protein L32 pseudogene 32

ribosomal protein L32 pseudogene 33

ribosomal protein L32 pseudogene 30

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 29

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 27

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 23

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 21

ribosomal protein L36a-like

Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein, which shares sequence similarity with yeast ribosomal protein L44, belongs to the L44E (L36AE) family of ribosomal proteins. This gene and the human gene officially named ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A) encode nearly identical proteins; however, they are distinct genes. Although the name of this gene has been referred to as ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A), its official name is ribosomal protein L36a-like (RPL36AL). As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein S4X pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene

RNA, 18S ribosomal pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L35 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein, large, P2 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 8

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S24 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L12

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L11P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein binds directly to the 26S rRNA. This gene is co-transcribed with the U65 snoRNA, which is located in its fourth intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L17 pseudogene 37

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L37 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L37 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L7 pseudogene 57

ribosomal protein L17 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L17 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L17 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L18a

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a member of the L18AE family of ribosomal proteins that is a component of the 60S subunit. The encoded protein may play a role in viral replication by interacting with the hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES). This gene is co-transcribed with the U68 snoRNA, located within the third intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed throughout the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

RNA, 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 2

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 193

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 190

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 69

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 68

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 65

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 64

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 67

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 66

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 61

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 63

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 62

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 325

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 324

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 327

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 326

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 321

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 320

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 323

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 322

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 329

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 328

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L7 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 3

Predicted to be a structural constituent of ribosome. Predicted to be involved in translation. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 8

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42 pseudogene 5

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42 pseudogene 4

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 22

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 21

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 35

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 32

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 33

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 31

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 38

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 39

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S35 pseudogene 2

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S35 pseudogene 3

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S35 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein S21 pseudogene 7

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 109

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 101

ribosomal protein S4X pseudogene 18

ribosomal protein S28 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein S28 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein S28 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein S28 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein S10 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L34 pseudogene 24

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L32 pseudogene 36

ribosomal protein L32 pseudogene 34

ribosomal protein L32 pseudogene 31

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 38

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 39

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 30

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 31

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 32

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 33

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 34

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 35

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 36

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 37

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 39

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 36

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 37

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 34

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 32

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 33

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 30

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 31

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 42

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 43

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 40

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 41

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 46

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 44

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 45

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 48

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 49

ribosomal protein S16 pseudogene 8

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 485

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 486

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 487

ribosomal modification protein rimK-like family member A

Predicted to enable N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in glutamine family amino acid metabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal modification protein rimK-like family member B

Predicted to enable N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate ligase activity and citrate-L-glutamate ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in glutamine family amino acid metabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein S9 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein S9 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein S9 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein S9 pseudogene 3

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 457

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 456

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 455

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 454

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 453

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 452

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 451

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 450

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 459

ribosomal protein S3a pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein S3a pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein S3A pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein S3a pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein S3A pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein S3A pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein S3A pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein S3A pseudogene 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 23

ribosomal protein L37a pseudogene 6

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 21

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 20

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 22

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 25

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 24

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 27

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 29

ribosomal protein L38 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L38 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L38 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L38 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein S3A pseudogene

ribosomal protein L13 pseudogene

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 407

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 108

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S17

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S17P family. The encoded protein is moderately conserved between human mitochondrial and prokaryotic ribosomal proteins. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 3p, 6q, 14p, 18q, and Xq. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 32

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 34

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 35

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 37

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 39

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 248

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S9

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S7

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. In the prokaryotic ribosome, the comparable protein is thought to play an essential role in organizing the 3' domain of the 16 S rRNA in the vicinity of the P- and A-sites. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 8p and 12p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S6

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S6P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p and 12q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S5P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 4q, 5q, and 18q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S2

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S2 family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 364

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene

ribosomal protein S12 pseudogene 25

ribosomal protein S12 pseudogene

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 178

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 179

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 171

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 173

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L36 pseudogene 14

ribosomal protein L36 pseudogene 15

ribosomal protein L36 pseudogene 16

ribosomal protein L36 pseudogene 17

ribosomal protein L36 pseudogene 10

ribosomal protein L36 pseudogene 11

ribosomal protein L36 pseudogene 12

ribosomal protein L36 pseudogene 13

ribosomal protein L36 pseudogene 18

ribosomal protein L36 pseudogene 19

RNA, ribosomal cluster 2

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Gene and RefSeq, in collaboration with HGNC, currently describe one 45S rDNA cluster, and one set of 45S precursor and product rRNAs, for each of the five human chromosomes to which these loci are localized. This gene represents the 45S ribosomal DNA cluster on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

RNA, ribosomal cluster 3

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Gene and RefSeq, in collaboration with HGNC, currently describe one 45S rDNA cluster, and one set of 45S precursor and product rRNAs, for each of the five human chromosomes to which these loci are localized. This gene represents the 45S ribosomal DNA cluster on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

RNA, ribosomal cluster 1

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Gene and RefSeq, in collaboration with HGNC, currently describe one 45S rDNA cluster, and one set of 45S precursor and product rRNAs, for each of the five human chromosomes to which these loci are localized. This gene represents the 45S ribosomal DNA cluster on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

RNA, ribosomal cluster 4

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Gene and RefSeq, in collaboration with HGNC, currently describe one 45S rDNA cluster, and one set of 45S precursor and product rRNAs, for each of the five human chromosomes to which these loci are localized. This gene represents the 45S ribosomal DNA cluster on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

RNA, ribosomal cluster 5

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Gene and RefSeq, in collaboration with HGNC, currently describe one 45S rDNA cluster, and one set of 45S precursor and product rRNAs, for each of the five human chromosomes to which these loci are localized. This gene represents the 45S ribosomal DNA cluster on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

pescadillo ribosomal biogenesis factor 1 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L13 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1

Ubiquitin is a highly conserved nuclear and cytoplasmic protein that has a major role in targeting cellular proteins for degradation by the 26S proteosome. It is also involved in the maintenance of chromatin structure, the regulation of gene expression, and the stress response. Ubiquitin is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of either polyubiquitin chains or a single ubiquitin moiety fused to an unrelated protein. This gene encodes a fusion protein consisting of ubiquitin at the N terminus and ribosomal protein L40 at the C terminus, a C-terminal extension protein (CEP). Multiple processed pseudogenes derived from this gene are present in the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein S3a pseudogene 54

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 102

ribosomal protein S3a pseudogene 50

ribosomal protein S3a pseudogene 51

ribosomal protein S3a pseudogene 52

ribosomal protein S3a pseudogene 53

ribosomal protein S6 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein S6 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L24 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein S6 pseudogene

ribosomal protein S6 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 29

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 28

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 25

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 24

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 27

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 21

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 22

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 13

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein S3a pseudogene 28

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 45

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 44

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 47

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 46

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 41

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 40

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 43

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 42

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 49

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L7a

Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L7AE family of ribosomal proteins. It can interact with a subclass of nuclear hormone receptors, including thyroid hormone receptor, and inhibit their ability to transactivate by preventing their binding to their DNA response elements. This gene is included in the surfeit gene cluster, a group of very tightly linked genes that do not share sequence similarity. It is co-transcribed with the U24, U36a, U36b, and U36c small nucleolar RNA genes, which are located in its second, fifth, fourth, and sixth introns, respectively. This gene rearranges with the trk proto-oncogene to form the chimeric oncogene trk-2h, which encodes an oncoprotein consisting of the N terminus of ribosomal protein L7a fused to the receptor tyrosine kinase domain of trk. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 4

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S31 pseudogene 2

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S31 pseudogene 1

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S31 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene

ribosomal protein, large, P0 pseudogene 10

ribosomal RNA processing 1

The protein encoded by this gene is the putative homolog of the yeast ribosomal RNA processing protein RRP1. The encoded protein is involved in the late stages of nucleologenesis at the end of mitosis, and may be required for the generation of 28S rRNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal RNA processing 8, methyltransferase, homolog (yeast)

Enables methylated histone binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to glucose starvation; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator; and regulation of gene expression. Acts upstream of with a negative effect on regulation of G1 to G0 transition. Located in several cellular components, including cytosol; nuclear lumen; and rDNA heterochromatin. Part of eNoSc complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal RNA processing 9, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a member of the WD-repeat protein family. The encoded protein is a component of the nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snoRNP) and is essential for 18s rRNA processing during ribosome synthesis. It contains seven WD domains required for nucleolar localization and specific interaction with the U3 small nucleolar RNA (U3 snoRNA). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

ribosomal protein L26 pseudogene 30

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 52

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 53

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 50

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 51

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 56

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 57

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 54

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 55

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 58

Predicted to enable laminin binding activity and laminin receptor activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of ribosome. Predicted to be involved in cell adhesion; ribosomal small subunit assembly; and translation. Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including nucleus; plasma membrane; and ribosome. Predicted to be part of cytosolic small ribosomal subunit. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 59

ribosomal protein, large, P0 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 15

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 12

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 10

ribosomal protein L30 pseudogene 11

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 25

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 56

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 52

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 28

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 29

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 21

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 27

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 24

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10 pseudogene 1

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10 pseudogene 2

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10 pseudogene 5

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 235

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein S4, Y-linked 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a ribosomal protein that is highly similar to RPS4Y1. This gene is located in the male-specific region of the Y chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

ribosomal protein S4, Y-linked 1

Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes ribosomal protein S4, a component of the 40S subunit. Ribosomal protein S4 is the only ribosomal protein known to be encoded by more than one gene, namely this gene and ribosomal protein S4, X-linked (RPS4X). The 2 isoforms encoded by these genes are not identical, but are functionally equivalent. Ribosomal protein S4 belongs to the S4E family of ribosomal proteins. It has been suggested that haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal protein S4 genes plays a role in Turner syndrome; however, this hypothesis is controversial. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 167

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 481

ribosomal protein L9 pseudogene 24

ribosomal protein L9 pseudogene 25

ribosomal protein L9 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L9 pseudogene 27

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 249

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 246

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 247

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 244

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 245

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 242

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 240

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 241

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 66

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 65

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene

ribosomal protein S13 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein S13 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein S13 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein S13 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein S13 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein S13 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 28

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 400

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 49

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L3 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 135

ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1-like

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 229

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 225

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 23

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene

40S ribosomal protein S24-like

ribosomal protein L10 pseudogene

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L10

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Sequence analysis identified three transcript variants that encode two different isoforms. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 5q. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L11

This nuclear gene encodes a 39S subunit component of the mitochondial ribosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes for this gene are found on chromosomes 5 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein which forms homodimers. In prokaryotic ribosomes, two L7/L12 dimers and one L10 protein form the L8 protein complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L13

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L14

This nuclear gene encodes a protein component of the 39S subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L15

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the EcoL15 ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 15q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L16

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L17

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L18

This nuclear gene encodes a protein component of the larger 39S subunit of mitochondrial ribosome. This protein may also aid in the import of nuclear-encoded 5S rRNA into mitochondria. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, most of which are not predicted to encode a protein. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L19

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 54

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 55

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 56

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 51

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 52

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 53

ribosomal protein S16 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein S16 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein S16 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein S16 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein S16 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein S16 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein S16 pseudogene 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 378

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 372

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 373

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 371

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 374

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 375

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 19

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 18

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 15

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 14

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 17

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 16

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 10

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 13

RNA, 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 5

RNA, 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 4

RNA, 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 6

RNA, 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 3

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 176

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 22

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 21

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L37a

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L37AE family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein contains a C4-type zinc finger-like domain. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 28

ribosomal protein L7 pseudogene 43

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 147

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 141

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 47

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 46

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 45

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 44

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 43

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 42

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 41

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 40

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L4 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 17

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 16

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 32

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 31

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 36

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 37

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 34

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 35

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 38

ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 39

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 19

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 18

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 170

ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 3

ribosomal protein S27a pseudogene 6

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S36 pseudogene 4

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S36 pseudogene 6

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S36 pseudogene 3

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S36 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L26 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L26 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L26 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L26 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L26 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein L26 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein S26

This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S26E family of ribosomal proteins. Mutations in this gene are found in Diamond-Blackfan anemia 10. There are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

ribosomal protein S27

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of four RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a member of the S27e family of ribosomal proteins and component of the 40S subunit. The encoded protein contains a C4-type zinc finger domain that can bind to zinc and may bind to nucleic acid. Mutations in this gene have been identified in numerous melanoma patients and in at least one patient with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). Elevated expression of this gene has been observed in various human cancers. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2018]

ribosomal protein S24

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S24E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Mutations in this gene result in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

ribosomal protein S25

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S25E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein S23

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S12P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein shares significant amino acid similarity with S. cerevisiae ribosomal protein S28. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein S20

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S10P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA gene U54, which is located in its second intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

ribosomal protein S21

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S21E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Alternative splice variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described, but their existence has not been verified. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein S28

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S28E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein S29

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit and a member of the S14P family of ribosomal proteins. The protein, which contains a C2-C2 zinc finger-like domain that can bind to zinc, can enhance the tumor suppressor activity of Ras-related protein 1A (KREV1). It is located in the cytoplasm. Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and the severity of the disease has been found. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 19

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 18

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 11

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 10

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 12

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 15

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 14

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 17

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 16

ribosomal protein S21 pseudogene 4

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 60

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L11 pseudogene 3

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L11 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 41

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L45 pseudogene 1

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L45 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein, large, P1 pseudogene 12

ribosomal protein, large, P1 pseudogene 13

ribosomal protein, large, P1 pseudogene 10

ribosomal protein, large, P1 pseudogene 11

ribosomal protein S6 pseudogene 11

ribosomal protein S5 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein S6 pseudogene 10

ribosomal protein S6 pseudogene 18

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 13

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 18

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 488

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 489

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 484

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 480

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 482

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 483

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 pseudogene

ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 1 pseudogene

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S16

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S16P family. The encoded protein is one of the most highly conserved ribosomal proteins between mammalian and yeast mitochondria. Three pseudogenes (located at 8q21.3, 20q13.32, 22q12-q13.1) for this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S15

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S15P family. The encoded protein is more than two times the size of its E. coli counterpart, with the 12S rRNA binding sites conserved. Between human and mouse, the encoded protein is the least conserved among small subunit ribosomal proteins. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 15q and 19q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S14

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S14P family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S12P family. The encoded protein is a key component of the ribosomal small subunit and controls the decoding fidelity and susceptibility to aminoglycoside antibiotics. The gene for mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase is located upstream and adjacent to this gene, and both genes are possible candidates for the autosomal dominant deafness gene (DFNA4). Splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR have been found for this gene; all three variants encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S11

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that contains a high level of sequence similarity with ribosomal protein S11P family members. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 20. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S10P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1q, 3p, and 9p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein, large, P0 pseudogene 11

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 29

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 28

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 21

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 22

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 25

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 24

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 27

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein S19 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein S19 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein S19 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein S19 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein S19 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein S19 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein S19 pseudogene 7

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 145

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 143

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 142

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 148

ribosomal protein L19 pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 1

This gene encodes a member of the ribosomal S6 kinase family of serine/threonine kinases. The encoded protein responds to mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling to promote protein synthesis, cell growth, and cell proliferation. Activity of this gene has been associated with human cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed. The use of alternative translation start sites results in isoforms with longer or shorter N-termini which may differ in their subcellular localizations. There are two pseudogenes for this gene on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 2

This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. This kinase contains a kinase catalytic domain and phosphorylates the S6 ribosomal protein and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF4B). Phosphorylation of S6 leads to an increase in protein synthesis and cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

40S ribosomal protein SA-like

ribosomal RNA processing 7 homolog B (S. cerevisiae), pseudogene

Predicted to be involved in rRNA processing and ribosomal small subunit assembly. Predicted to be part of CURI complex and UTP-C complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 519

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 516

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 511

ribosomal protein L8

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L2P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. In rat, the protein associates with the 5.8S rRNA, very likely participates in the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, and is a constituent of the elongation factor 2-binding site at the ribosomal subunit interface. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein exist. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein L9

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L6P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ribosomal protein L6

This gene encodes a protein component of the 60S ribosomal subunit. This protein can bind specifically to domain C of the tax-responsive enhancer element of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, and may participate in tax-mediated transactivation of transcription. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed throughout the genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ribosomal protein L4

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L4E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein L5

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of four RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a member of the L18P family of ribosomal proteins and component of the 60S subunit. The encoded protein binds 5S rRNA to form a stable complex called the 5S ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP), which is necessary for the transport of nonribosome-associated cytoplasmic 5S rRNA to the nucleolus for assembly into ribosomes. The encoded protein may also function to inhibit tumorigenesis through the activation of downstream tumor suppressors and the downregulation of oncoprotein expression. Mutations in this gene have been identified in patients with Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA). This gene is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA gene U21, which is located in its fifth intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed throughout the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

ribosomal protein L3

Ribosomes, the complexes that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L3P family of ribosomal proteins and it is located in the cytoplasm. The protein can bind to the HIV-1 TAR mRNA, and it has been suggested that the protein contributes to tat-mediated transactivation. This gene is co-transcribed with several small nucleolar RNA genes, which are located in several of this gene's introns. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 27

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 24

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 25

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 21

ribosomal protein L7

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L30P family of ribosomal proteins. It contains an N-terminal basic region-leucine zipper (BZIP)-like domain and the RNP consensus submotif RNP2. In vitro the BZIP-like domain mediates homodimerization and stable binding to DNA and RNA, with a preference for 28S rRNA and mRNA. The protein can inhibit cell-free translation of mRNAs, suggesting that it plays a regulatory role in the translation apparatus. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein has been shown to be an autoantigen in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 69

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 65

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 64

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 67

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 66

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 61

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 60

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 63

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 62

ribosomal protein L32 pseudogene 17

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 18

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 19

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 10

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 11

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 pseudogene 8

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 pseudogene 9

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 pseudogene 1

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 pseudogene 2

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 pseudogene 3

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 pseudogene 4

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 pseudogene 6

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 pseudogene 7

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42 pseudogene 3

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 23

ribosomal protein L27a pseudogene

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 29

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18A

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S18P family. The encoded protein is one of three that has significant sequence similarity to bacterial S18 proteins. The primary sequences of the three human mitochondrial S18 proteins are no more closely related to each other than they are to the prokaryotic S18 proteins. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 3p. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18B

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S18P family. The encoded protein is one of three that has significant sequence similarity to bacterial S18 proteins. The primary sequences of the three human mitochondrial S18 proteins are no more closely related to each other than they are to the prokaryotic S18 proteins. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1q and 2q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18C

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S18P family. The encoded protein is one of three that has significant sequence similarity to bacterial S18 proteins. The primary sequences of the three human mitochondrial S18 proteins are no more closely related to each other than they are to the prokaryotic S18 proteins. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 8p, 12p, 15q, and 22q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L14 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 68

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 405

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 406

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 401

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 402

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 409

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 3

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S7 pseudogene 2

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S7 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L17 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 63

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 62

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 61

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 60

ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 64

ribosomal protein L17 pseudogene 23

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 29

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 36

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 34

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 30

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 12

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene

ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene

39S ribosomal protein L32, mitochondrial pseudogene

RNA, 28S ribosomal 5

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. This gene is a representative copy of the 28S ribosomal RNA whose chromosomal location is unknown. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

ribosomal protein S15a pseudogene

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 129

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 128

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 126

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 125

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 124

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 123

ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 120

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 233

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 232

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 231

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 239

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 238

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 32

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 33

ribosomal protein L6 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L34 pseudogene 34

ribosomal protein L34 pseudogene 35

ribosomal protein L34 pseudogene 31

ribosomal protein L34 pseudogene 32

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 28

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 29

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 21

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 22

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 23

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 24

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 25

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L5 pseudogene 27

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 470

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 472

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 408

ribosomal protein L14 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 16

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 17

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 14

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 267

39S ribosomal protein L21, mitochondrial pseudogene

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 261

ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 pseudogene 5

60S ribosomal protein L7a-like

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 93

ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 96

ribosomal protein S10 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L17 pseudogene 24

ribosomal protein L17 pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein L17 pseudogene 22

ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 25

ribosomal L1 domain containing 1

Enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity and mRNA 5'-UTR binding activity. Involved in regulation of apoptotic process and regulation of cellular senescence. Acts upstream of or within regulation of protein localization. Located in chromosome and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 339

ribosomal protein L17 pseudogene 50

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L51 pseudogene 2

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L51 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L24 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L24 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 30

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 180

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 24

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 25

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 27

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 21

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 22

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 23

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 28

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 29

ribosomal protein L7 pseudogene 37

ribosomal RNA processing 7 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in cilium disassembly; protein localization to nucleolus; and ribosome biogenesis. Located in centrosome; cilium; and nucleolus. Part of small-subunit processome. Implicated in primary autosomal recessive microcephaly. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S23 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene 11

ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene 14

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 24

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 22

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 23

ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene 16

ribosomal protein L18a pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L18a pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L18a pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L18a pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein L18a pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L18a pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L18a pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L18a pseudogene

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 404

ribosomal protein S27a pseudogene 14

ribosomal protein S27a pseudogene 16

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 39

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 33

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 32

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 31

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 37

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 36

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 35

ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 34

ribosomal L24 domain containing 1 pseudogene

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 17

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 3

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18A pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 8

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L39

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 5q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 20

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 21

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 22

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 23

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 24

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 26

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 27

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 28

ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 29

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 496

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L43

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. This gene and the gene for a semaphorin class 4 protein (SEMA4G) overlap at map location 10q24.31 and are transcribed in opposite directions. Sequence analysis identified multiple transcript variants encoding at least four different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a protein identified as belonging to both the 28S and the 39S subunits. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 4q, 6p, 6q, 7p, and 15q. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L40

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Deletions in this gene may contribute to the etiology of velo-cardio-facial syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L47

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. This gene is immediately adjacent to the gene for BAF complex 53 kDa subunit protein a (BAF53a), in a tail-to-tail orientation. Two transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L46

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L44

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L49

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 5q and 8p. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein L48

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 6p. Several transcript variants, some protein-coding and some non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 81

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 87

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 86

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 85

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 89

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 88

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 308

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 303

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 301

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 300

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 307

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 306

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 305

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 304

ribosomal protein S20 pseudogene 30

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S28

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that has been called mitochondrial ribosomal protein S35 in the literature. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S26

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. This gene lies adjacent to and downstream of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone precursor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S27

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that may be a functional partner of the death associated protein 3 (DAP3). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S24

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 11. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the upstream upregulator of cell proliferation (URGCP) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S25

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S22

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that does not seem to have a counterpart in prokaryotic and fungal-mitochondrial ribosomes. This gene lies telomeric of and is transcribed in the opposite direction from the forkhead box L2 gene. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome Xq. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S23

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 7p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S21P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 16q, and 17q. Available sequence data analyses identified splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR; both transcripts encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein L41 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L41 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L41 pseudogene 6

There are two copies of this pseudogene on chromosome Y within the P1 palindrome. This record represents the more telomeric copy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein L41 pseudogene 7

There are two copies of this pseudogene on chromosome Y within the P1 palindrome. This record represents the more centromeric copy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal protein L41 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L41 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L41 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene

ribosomal protein L28 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L28 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein L28 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein L28 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L28 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 18

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 19

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 14

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 15

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 16

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 10

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 11

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 12

ribosomal protein L36a pseudogene 13

ribosomal protein L12 pseudogene 30

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 11

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 12

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 13

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 15

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 16

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 17

ribosomal protein L29 pseudogene 19

ribosomal protein L24 pseudogene

ribosomal protein S6 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein S24 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein S6 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein S24 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein S24 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein S24 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein S24 pseudogene 4

ribosomal protein S24 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein S24 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L24 pseudogene 7

ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 34

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 118

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 112

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 113

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 110

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 111

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 116

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 117