Harmonizome 3.0

thyroid hormone receptor associated protein 3 pseudogene

thyroid hormone receptor, beta

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Mutations in this gene are known to be a cause of generalized thyroid hormone resistance (GTHR), a syndrome characterized by goiter and high levels of circulating thyroid hormone (T3-T4), with normal or slightly elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

thyroid hormone receptor, alpha

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

thyroid hormone receptor associated protein 3 pseudogene 1

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 pseudogene

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 6

This gene is a member of the zyxin family and encodes a protein with three LIM zinc-binding domains. This protein localizes to focal adhesion sites and along actin stress fibers. Recruitment of this protein to the plasma membrane occurs in a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-dependent manner and it regulates LPA-induced cell migration. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Thyroid-stimulating hormone level QTL 1

thyroid stimulating hormone receptor

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein and a major controller of thyroid cell metabolism. The encoded protein is a receptor for thyrothropin and thyrostimulin, and its activity is mediated by adenylate cyclase. Defects in this gene are a cause of several types of hyperthyroidism. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 11 pseudogene

thyroid hormone responsive

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the gene product of S14, a rat gene whose expression is limited to liver and adipose tissue and is controlled by nutritional and hormonal factors. This gene has been shown to be expressed in liver and adipocytes, particularly in lipomatous modules. It is also found to be expressed in lipogenic breast cancers, which suggests a role in controlling tumor lipid metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 16, member 2 (thyroid hormone transporter)

This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that functions as a transporter of thyroid hormone. The encoded protein facilitates the cellular importation of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) and diidothyronine (T2). This gene is expressed in many tissues and likely plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system. Loss of function mutations in this gene are associated with psychomotor retardation in males while females exhibit no neurological defects and more moderate thyroid-deficient phenotypes. This gene is subject to X-chromosome inactivation. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

thyroid hormone receptor associated protein 3

Enables nuclear thyroid hormone receptor binding activity; phosphoprotein binding activity; and transcription coactivator activity. Involved in positive regulation of circadian rhythm and regulation of gene expression. Acts upstream of or within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in exon-exon junction complex and nuclear speck. Part of mediator complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 11 pseudogene

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 4

This gene encodes a subunit of the tetrameric nuclear activating signal cointegrator 1 (ASC-1) complex, which associates with transcriptional coactivators, nuclear receptors and basal transcription factors to facilitate nuclear receptors-mediated transcription. This protein is localized in the nucleus and contains an E1A-type zinc finger domain, which mediates interaction with transcriptional coactivators and ligand-bound nuclear receptors, such as thyroid hormone receptor and retinoid X receptor alpha, but not glucocorticoid receptor. Mutations in this gene are associated with spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures-1 (SMABF1). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

thyroid hormone receptor associated protein 3 pseudogene

thyroid stimulating hormone receptor-like 1

thyroid stimulating hormone, beta

The four human glycoprotein hormones chorionic gonadotropin (CG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits that are associated noncovalently. The alpha subunits of these hormones are identical, however, their beta chains are unique and confer biological specificity. Thyroid stimulating hormone functions in the control of thyroid structure and metabolism. The protein encoded by this gene is the beta subunit of thyroid stimulating hormone. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital central and secondary hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

thyroid stimulating hormone receptor-like 3

thyroid stimulating hormone receptor-like 2

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 4 pseudogene

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 10

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actin cytoskeleton organization and signal transduction. Located in nucleoplasm. Biomarker of Huntington's disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 11

This gene was identified based on the interaction of its protein product with thyroid hormone receptor beta. This protein is associated with the Golgi apparatus. The N-terminal region of the protein binds Golgi membranes and the C-terminal region binds the minus ends of microtubules; thus, the protein is thought to play a role in assembly and maintenance of the Golgi ribbon structure around the centrosome. Mutations in this gene cause achondrogenesis type IA.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 12

The protein encoded by this gene is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the degradation of the p19ARF/ARF isoform of CDKN2A, a tumor suppressor. The encoded protein also plays a role in the DNA damage response by regulating the stability of USP7, which regulates tumor suppressor p53. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13

This gene encodes a protein that interacts with thyroid hormone receptors, also known as hormone-dependent transcription factors. The gene product interacts specifically with the ligand binding domain. This gene is one of several that may play a role in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 11 pseudogene

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 11 pseudogene

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 pseudogene

parathyroid hormone-like hormone

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the parathyroid hormone family. This hormone, via its receptor, PTHR1, regulates endochondral bone development and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during the formation of the mammary glands and teeth. It is responsible for most cases of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, and mutations in this gene are associated with brachydactyly type E2 (BDE2). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. There is also evidence for alternative translation initiation from non-AUG (CUG and GUG) start sites, downstream of the initiator AUG codon, resulting in nuclear forms of this hormone. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

growth hormone releasing hormone

This gene encodes a member of the glucagon family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is produced in the hypothalamus and cleaved to generate the mature factor, known as somatoliberin, which acts to stimulate growth hormone release from the pituitary gland. Variant receptors for somatoliberin have been found in several types of tumors, and antagonists of these receptors can inhibit the growth of the tumors. Defects in this gene are a cause of dwarfism, while hypersecretion of the encoded protein is a cause of gigantism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (luteinizing-releasing hormone)

This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate a peptide that is a member of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) family of peptides. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which is secreted and then cleaved to generate gonadoliberin-1 and GnRH-associated peptide 1. Gonadoliberin-1 stimulates the release of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones, which are important for reproduction. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

growth hormone releasing hormone receptor

This gene encodes a receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone. Binding of this hormone to the receptor leads to synthesis and release of growth hormone. Mutations in this gene have been associated with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), also known as Dwarfism of Sindh, a disorder characterized by short stature. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 1 pseudogene

adipocyte plasma membrane associated protein

Enables arylesterase activity. Predicted to be involved in biosynthetic process. Located in cell surface and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 4

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma)

The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of platelet-activating factor to biologically inactive products. Defects in this gene are a cause of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

Fasting plasma glucose level QTL 4

Fasting plasma glucose level QTL 6

Fasting plasma glucose level QTL 1

Fasting plasma glucose level QTL2

Fasting plasma glucose level QTL3

selenoprotein P, plasma, 1

This gene encodes a selenoprotein that is predominantly expressed in the liver and secreted into the plasma. This selenoprotein is unique in that it contains multiple selenocysteine (Sec) residues per polypeptide (10 in human), and accounts for most of the selenium in plasma. It has been implicated as an extracellular antioxidant, and in the transport of selenium to extra-hepatic tissues via apolipoprotein E receptor-2 (apoER2). Mice lacking this gene exhibit neurological dysfunction, suggesting its importance in normal brain function. Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. The mRNA for this selenoprotein contains two SECIS elements. The use of alternative polyadenylation sites, one located in between the two SECIS elements, results in two populations of mRNAs containing either both (predominant) or just the upstream SECIS element (PMID:27881738). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have also been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2018]

Alkaline phosphatase, plasma level of, QTL3

Alkaline phosphatase, plasma level of, QTL 2

pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, pappalysin 1

This gene encodes a secreted metalloproteinase which cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). Following IGFBP cleavage, insulin growth factors dissociate from IGFBPs and bind to IGF receptors, resulting in activation of the IGF pathway. The encoded protein plays a role in bone formation, inflammation, wound healing and female fertility. Enhanced expression of this protein is associated with diabetic nephropathy in human patients and this protein may promote tumor invasion and growth in various human cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

cholesteryl ester transfer protein, plasma

The protein encoded by this gene is found in plasma, where it is involved in the transfer of cholesteryl ester from high density lipoprotein (HDL) to other lipoproteins. Defects in this gene are a cause of hyperalphalipoproteinemia 1 (HALP1). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013]

retinol binding protein 4, plasma

This protein belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli. A deficiency of vitamin A blocks secretion of the binding protein posttranslationally and results in defective delivery and supply to the epidermal cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Alkaline phosphatase, plasma level of, QTL4

Polyunsaturated fatty acids plasma level QTL1

kallikrein B, plasma (Fletcher factor) 1

This gene encodes a glycoprotein that participates in the surface-dependent activation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin generation and inflammation. The encoded preproprotein present in plasma as a non-covalent complex with high molecular weight kininogen undergoes proteolytic processing mediated by activated coagulation factor XII to generate a disulfide-linked, heterodimeric serine protease comprised of heavy and light chains. Certain mutations in this gene cause prekallikrein deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

carboxypeptidase B2 (plasma)

Carboxypeptidases are enzymes that hydrolyze C-terminal peptide bonds. The carboxypeptidase family includes metallo-, serine, and cysteine carboxypeptidases. According to their substrate specificity, these enzymes are referred to as carboxypeptidase A (cleaving aliphatic residues) or carboxypeptidase B (cleaving basic amino residues). The protein encoded by this gene is activated by trypsin and acts on carboxypeptidase B substrates. After thrombin activation, the mature protein downregulates fibrinolysis. Polymorphisms have been described for this gene and its promoter region. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

fucosidase, alpha-L- 2, plasma

This gene encodes a plasma alpha-L-fucosidase, which represents 10-20% of the total cellular fucosidase activity. The protein is a member of the glycosyl hydrolase 29 family, and catalyzes the hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6-linked fucose joined to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine of the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins. This enzyme is essential for Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

Vitamin B6 plasma level QTL 1

protein Z, vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein

This gene encodes a liver vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that is synthesized in the liver and secreted into the plasma. The encoded protein plays a role in regulating blood coagulation by complexing with protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor to directly inhibit activated factor X at the phospholipid surface. Deficiencies in this protein are associated with an increased risk of ischemic arterial diseases and fetal loss. Mutations in this gene are the cause of protein Z deficiency. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

Alkaline phosphatase, plasma level of, QTL1

Nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma 1

Papillary thyroid carcinoma with papillary renal neoplasia

thyroid carcinoma, Hurthle cell

thyroid adenoma associated

This gene is the target of 2p21 choromosomal aberrations in benign thyroid adenomas. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene may be associated with type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. The encoded protein is likely involved in the death receptor pathway and apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

Thyroid carcinoma, nonmedullary, with cell oxyphilia

thyroid peroxidase

This gene encodes a membrane-bound glycoprotein. The encoded protein acts as an enzyme and plays a central role in thyroid gland function. The protein functions in the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin and phenoxy-ester formation between pairs of iodinated tyrosines to generate the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Mutations in this gene are associated with several disorders of thyroid hormonogenesis, including congenital hypothyroidism, congenital goiter, and thyroid hormone organification defect IIA. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility candidate 1 (non-protein coding)

papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility candidate 3 (non-protein coding)

Autoimmune thyroid disease, susceptibility to, 2

Autoimmune thyroid disease, susceptibility to, 1

Autoimmune thyroid disease, susceptibility to, 4

thyroid cancer-associated transcript 158

papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility candidate 2 (non-protein coding)

thyroid cancer-associated transcript 126

thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor

This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Upon binding to TRH, this receptor activates the inositol phospholipid-calcium-protein kinase C transduction pathway. Mutations in this gene have been associated with generalized thyrotropin-releasing hormone resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

growth hormone inducible transmembrane protein

Enables calcium:proton antiporter activity. Involved in calcium export from the mitochondrion; inner mitochondrial membrane organization; and negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane and mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

chorionic somatomammotropin hormone-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. Although the five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity, they are expressed selectively in different tissues. This particular family member is expressed in placental villi, although it was originally thought to be a pseudogene. In fact, alternative splicing suggests that the majority of the transcripts would be unable to express a secreted protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (type 2) receptor 2 pseudogene 1

glycoprotein hormone alpha 2

GPHA2 is a cystine knot-forming polypeptide and a subunit of the dimeric glycoprotein hormone family (Hsu et al., 2002 [PubMed 12089349]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein

Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a potent stimulator of synthesis and secretion of preopiomelanocortin-derived peptides. Although CRH concentrations in the human peripheral circulation are normally low, they increase throughout pregnancy and fall rapidly after parturition. Maternal plasma CRH probably originates from the placenta. Human plasma contains a CRH-binding protein which inactivates CRH and which may prevent inappropriate pituitary-adrenal stimulation in pregnancy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

anti-Mullerian hormone

This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate N- and C-terminal cleavage products that homodimerize and associate to form a biologically active noncovalent complex. This complex binds to the anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 and causes the regression of Mullerian ducts in the male embryo that would otherwise differentiate into the uterus and fallopian tubes. This protein also plays a role in Leydig cell differentiation and function and follicular development in adult females. Mutations in this gene result in persistent Mullerian duct syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

follicle stimulating hormone, beta polypeptide

The pituitary glycoprotein hormone family includes follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, chorionic gonadotropin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. All of these glycoproteins consist of an identical alpha subunit and a hormone-specific beta subunit. This gene encodes the beta subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone. In conjunction with luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone induces egg and sperm production. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

follicle stimulating hormone receptor

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to family 1 of G-protein coupled receptors. It is the receptor for follicle stimulating hormone and functions in gonad development. Mutations in this gene cause ovarian dysgenesis type 1, and also ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

parathyroid hormone 2 receptor

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. This protein is a receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH). This receptor is more selective in ligand recognition and has a more specific tissue distribution compared to parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1). It is activated only by PTH and not by parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) and is particularly abundant in brain and pancreas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

pro-melanin-concentrating hormone-like 2, pseudogene

Predicted to enable type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of dopaminergic synaptic transmission. Predicted to be located in synapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pro-melanin-concentrating hormone-like 1, pseudogene

Predicted to enable type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of dopaminergic synaptic transmission. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family, and the subfamily of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor. This receptor shows high affinity for corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), and also binds CRH-related peptides such as urocortin. CRH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, and plays an important role in coordinating the endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress and immune challenge. Studies in mice suggest that this receptor maybe involved in mediating cardiovascular homeostasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1

This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor that binds neuropeptides of the corticotropin releasing hormone family that are major regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway. The encoded protein is essential for the activation of signal transduction pathways that regulate diverse physiological processes including stress, reproduction, immune response and obesity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Naturally-occurring readthrough transcription between this gene and upstream GeneID:147081 results in transcripts that encode isoforms that share similarity with the products of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

growth hormone regulated TBC protein 1

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

growth hormone receptor

This gene encodes a member of the type I cytokine receptor family, which is a transmembrane receptor for growth hormone. Binding of growth hormone to the receptor leads to receptor dimerization and the activation of an intra- and intercellular signal transduction pathway leading to growth. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Laron syndrome, also known as the growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (GHIS), a disorder characterized by short stature. In humans and rabbits, but not rodents, growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular ligand-binding domain from the mature growth hormone receptor protein. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

growth hormone 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed in the pituitary but not in placental tissue as is the case for the other four genes in the growth hormone locus. Mutations in or deletions of the gene lead to growth hormone deficiency and short stature. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

growth hormone 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. As in the case of its pituitary counterpart, growth hormone 1, the predominant isoform of this particular family member shows similar somatogenic activity, with reduced lactogenic activity. Mutations in this gene lead to placental growth hormone/lactogen deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide

This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone (LH). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and an unique beta subunit which confers biological specificity. LH is expressed in the pituitary gland and promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids. The genes for the beta chains of chorionic gonadotropin and for luteinizing hormone are contiguous on chromosome 19q13.3. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypogonadism which is characterized by infertility and pseudohermaphroditism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sex hormone-binding globulin

This gene encodes a steroid binding protein that was first described as a plasma protein secreted by the liver but is now thought to participate in the regulation of steroid responses. The encoded protein transports androgens and estrogens in the blood, binding each steroid molecule as a dimer formed from identical or nearly identical monomers. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

agammaglobulinemia, X-linked 2 (with growth hormone deficiency)

pro-melanin-concentrating hormone

This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. These products include melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), neuropeptide-glutamic acid-isoleucine (NEI), and neuropeptide-glycine-glutamic acid (NGE). Melanin-concentrating hormone is a 19-amino acid neuropeptide that stimulates hunger and may additionally regulate energy homeostasis, reproductive function, and sleep. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

melanocortin 2 receptor (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

MC2R encodes one member of the five-member G-protein associated melanocortin receptor family. Melanocortins (melanocyte-stimulating hormones and adrenocorticotropic hormone) are peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). MC2R is selectively activated by adrenocorticotropic hormone, whereas the other four melanocortin receptors recognize a variety of melanocortin ligands. Mutations in MC2R can result in familial glucocorticoid deficiency. Alternate transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

spexin hormone

The protein encoded by this gene is a hormone involved in modulation of cardiovascular and renal function. It has also been shown in rats to cause weight loss. Several transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

This gene encodes the receptor for type 1 gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This receptor is a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. It is expressed on the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells as well as lymphocytes, breast, ovary, and prostate. Following binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the receptor associates with G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Activation of the receptor ultimately causes the release of gonadotropic luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Defects in this gene are a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. More than 18 transcription initiation sites in the 5' region and multiple polyA signals in the 3' region have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2

This gene is a member of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene family. Proteins encoded by members of this gene family are proteolytically cleaved to form neuropeptides which, in part, regulate reproductive functions by stimulating the production and release of the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The human GNRH2 gene is predicted to encode a preproprotein from which a mature neuropeptide of 10 amino acids is cleaved. However, while the human genome retains the sequence for a functional GNRH2 decapeptide, translation of the human GNRH2 gene has not yet been demonstrated and the GNRH2 gene of chimpanzees, gorilla, and Sumatran orangutan have a premature stop at codon eight of the decapeptide sequence which suggests GNRH2 was a pseudogene in the hominid lineage. The GNRH2 gene is also believed to be a pseudogene in many other mammalian species such as mouse and cow. The receptor for this gene (GNRHR2) is predicted to be a pseudogene in human as well as many other mammalian species. The closely related GNRH1 and GNRHR1 genes are functional in human and other mammals and are generally functional in vertebrates. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2019]

corticotropin releasing hormone

This gene encodes a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor family. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature neuropeptide hormone. In response to stress, this hormone is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, binds to corticotropin releasing hormone receptors and stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary gland. Marked reduction in this protein has been observed in association with Alzheimer's disease. Autosomal recessive hypothalamic corticotropin deficiency has multiple and potentially fatal metabolic consequences including hypoglycemia and hepatitis. In addition to production in the hypothalamus, this protein is also synthesized in peripheral tissues, such as T lymphocytes, and is highly expressed in the placenta. In the placenta it is a marker that determines the length of gestation and the timing of parturition and delivery. A rapid increase in circulating levels of the hormone occurs at the onset of parturition, suggesting that, in addition to its metabolic functions, this protein may act as a trigger for parturition. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

glycoprotein hormone beta 5

GPHB5 is a cystine knot-forming polypeptide and a subunit of the dimeric glycoprotein hormone family (Hsu et al., 2002 [PubMed 12089349]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

prolactin releasing hormone

Predicted to enable neuropeptide hormone activity and prolactin-releasing peptide receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; feeding behavior; and response to peptide hormone. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including energy reserve metabolic process; reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess; and response to insulin. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

parathyroid hormone 2

This gene encodes the precursor of a peptide hormone that shares sequence similarity with the parathyroid hormone. This gene is expressed in various regions of the brain where it plays a role in the release of pituitary hormones, anxiety and nociception. The encoded precursor protein is proteolytically processed to generate the biologically active neuropeptide. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones and plays an important role in growth control. The gene is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 along with four other related genes in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. Although the five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity, they are expressed selectively in different tissues. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones. This particular family member is expressed mainly in the placenta and utilizes multiple transcription initiation sites. Expression of the identical mature proteins for chorionic somatomammotropin hormones 1 and 2 is upregulated during development, while the ratio of 1 to 2 increases by term. Structural and expression differences provide avenues for developmental regulation and tissue specificity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 (placental lactogen)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones and plays an important role in growth control. The gene is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 along with four other related genes in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. Although the five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity, they are expressed selectively in different tissues. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed mainly in the placenta and utilizes multiple transcription initiation sites. Expression of the identical mature proteins for chorionic somatomammotropin hormones 1 and 2 is upregulated during development, although the ratio of 1 to 2 increases by term. Mutations in this gene result in placental lactogen deficiency and Silver-Russell syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

This gene encodes a member of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone family. Cleavage of the encoded proprotein releases mature thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which is a tripeptide hypothalamic regulatory hormone. The human proprotein contains six thyrotropin-releasing hormone tripeptides. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is involved in the regulation and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, as well as prolactin. Deficiency of this hormone has been associated with hypothalamic hypothyroidism. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor

This gene encodes the receptor for both luteinizing hormone and choriogonadotropin. This receptor belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family, and its activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Mutations in this gene result in disorders of male secondary sexual character development, including familial male precocious puberty, also known as testotoxicosis, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Leydig cell adenoma with precocious puberty, and male pseudohermaphtoditism with Leydig cell hypoplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

prolactin releasing hormone receptor

Predicted to enable neuropeptide binding activity and neuropeptide receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to act upstream of or within feeding behavior and hormone metabolic process. Located in cilium. Implicated in hypertension. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lipase, hormone-sensitive

The protein encoded by this gene has a long and a short form, generated by use of alternative translational start codons. The long form is expressed in steroidogenic tissues such as testis, where it converts cholesteryl esters to free cholesterol for steroid hormone production. The short form is expressed in adipose tissue, among others, where it hydrolyzes stored triglycerides to free fatty acids. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

growth hormone secretagogue receptor

This gene encodes a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. The encoded protein may play a role in energy homeostasis and regulation of body weight. Two identified transcript variants are expressed in several tissues and are evolutionary conserved in fish and swine. One transcript, 1a, excises an intron and encodes the functional protein; this protein is the receptor for the Ghrelin ligand and defines a neuroendocrine pathway for growth hormone release. The second transcript (1b) retains the intron and does not function as a receptor for Ghrelin; however, it may function to attenuate activity of isoform 1a. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal idiopathic short stature.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

anti-Mullerian hormone receptor, type II

This gene encodes the receptor for the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) which, in addition to testosterone, results in male sex differentiation. AMH and testosterone are produced in the testes by different cells and have different effects. Testosterone promotes the development of male genitalia while the binding of AMH to the encoded receptor prevents the development of the mullerian ducts into uterus and Fallopian tubes. Mutations in this gene are associated with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome type II. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

thyrotropin-releasing hormone degrading enzyme

This gene encodes a member of the peptidase M1 family. The encoded protein is an extracellular peptidase that specifically cleaves and inactivates the neuropeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor)

This intronless gene encodes the receptor protein for melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). The encoded protein, a seven pass transmembrane G protein coupled receptor, controls melanogenesis. Two types of melanin exist: red pheomelanin and black eumelanin. Gene mutations that lead to a loss in function are associated with increased pheomelanin production, which leads to lighter skin and hair color. Eumelanin is photoprotective but pheomelanin may contribute to UV-induced skin damage by generating free radicals upon UV radiation. Binding of MSH to its receptor activates the receptor and stimulates eumelanin synthesis. This receptor is a major determining factor in sun sensitivity and is a genetic risk factor for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Over 30 variant alleles have been identified which correlate with skin and hair color, providing evidence that this gene is an important component in determining normal human pigment variation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

parathyroid hormone

This gene encodes a member of the parathyroid family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a protein that binds to the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor and regulates blood calcium and phosphate levels. Excess production of the encoded protein, known as hyperparathyroidism, can result in hypercalcemia and kidney stones. On the other hand, defective processing of the encoded protein may lead to hypoparathyroidism, which can result in hypocalcemia and numbness. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (type 2) receptor 2, pseudogene

In non-hominoid primates and non-mammalian vertebrates, the gonadotropin releasing hormone 2 receptor gene (GnRHR2) encodes a seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor. However, in human, the corresponding reading frame contains a premature stop codon, which has been suggested to encode a selenocysteine residue, but there is no solid evidence for selenocysteine incorporation (PMID: 12538601). It appears that the human GnRHR2 transcription occurs but the gene does not likely produce a functional multi-transmembrane protein. A non-transcribed pseudogene of GnRHR2 is located on chromosome 14. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2

Predicted to enable G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in neuropeptide signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1

The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family 1, is an integral plasma membrane protein which binds melanin-concentrating hormone. The encoded protein can inhibit cAMP accumulation and stimulate intracellular calcium flux, and is probably involved in the neuronal regulation of food consumption. Although structurally similar to somatostatin receptors, this protein does not seem to bind somatostatin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

parathyroid hormone 1 receptor

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family 2. This protein is a receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and for parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase and also a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Defects in this receptor are known to be the cause of Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC), chondrodysplasia Blomstrand type (BOCD), as well as enchodromatosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

Sex hormone-binding blobulin circulating level QTL 1

intraflagellar transport 81

The protein encoded by this gene, together with IFT74, forms a tubulin-binding module of intraflagellar transport complex B. This module is involved in transport of tubulin within the cilium, and the encoded protein is required for ciliogenesis. Mutations in this gene are a cause of short-rib polydactyly syndromes. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

intraflagellar transport 88

This gene encodes a member of the tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR) family. The encoded protein is involved in cilium biogenesis. Mutations of a similar gene in mouse can cause polycystic kidney disease. Several transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1B pseudogene 1

vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1B pseudogene 2

intraflagellar transport 43

This gene encodes a subunit of the intraflagellar transport complex A (IFT-A). IFT-A is a multiprotein complex that plays an important role in cilia assembly and maintenance by mediating retrograde ciliary transport. Mutations in this gene are a cause of cranioectodermal dysplasia-3 (CED3), also known as Sensenbrenner syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

intraflagellar transport 46

Predicted to be involved in cilium assembly; intraciliary transport; and protein stabilization. Predicted to act upstream of or within smoothened signaling pathway. Located in cytoplasm. Part of intraciliary transport particle B. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nuclear transport factor 2 pseudogene 8

nuclear transport factor 2 pseudogene 2

nuclear transport factor 2 pseudogene 6

nuclear transport factor 2 pseudogene 7

nuclear transport factor 2 pseudogene 4

Beta-amino acids, renal transport of

vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1A

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the family of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) that function in intracellular trafficking. This family member is involved in vesicular transport between endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. It is a vesicle-associated SNARE (v-SNARE) that interacts with target membrane SNAREs (t-SNAREs). Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with binocular function, and also with susceptibility to colorectal and lung cancers. A recurrent rearrangement has been found between this gene and the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene in colorectal cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1B

Enables SNARE binding activity and chloride channel inhibitor activity. Involved in regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane. Located in several cellular components, including endosome membrane; lysosomal membrane; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 7

Predicted to be involved in Golgi organization; endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; and intracellular protein transport. Located in Golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum; and endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 6

Predicted to be involved in Golgi organization; endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; and intracellular protein transport. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle; Golgi apparatus; and endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 5

Involved in Golgi ribbon formation. Located in cis-Golgi network; endoplasmic reticulum exit site; and endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 4

Involved in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle; Golgi apparatus; and endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 3

Predicted to be involved in Golgi organization; endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; and intracellular protein transport. Located in Golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum; and endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 1

This gene belongs to the TMED (transmembrane emp24 domain-containing) protein family, which is involved in the vesicular trafficking of proteins. The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its interaction with interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) and may play a role in innate immunity. This protein lacks any similarity to other interleukin 1 ligands. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 9

This gene is a member of a family of genes encoding transport proteins located in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. A similar gene in mouse is the target of microRNA miR-296, which is part of an imprinted cluster. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 8

chromate resistance; sulfate transport

intraflagellar transport 20 homolog (Chlamydomonas) pseudogene

tricarboxylate transport protein, mitochondrial pseudogene

intraflagellar transport 57 homolog (Chlamydomonas) pseudogene

golgi transport 1B

Involved in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

golgi transport 1A

Predicted to be involved in endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport. Located in Golgi apparatus subcompartment; endoplasmic reticulum; and nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ChaC, cation transport regulator homolog 2 (E. coli)

The protein encoded by this gene is a gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase that catalyzes the conversion of glutathione to 5-oxoproline and cysteinylglycine. It is thought that this gene is upregulated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress and that the glutathione depletion enhances apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

USO1 vesicle transport factor

The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein which recycles between the cytosol and the Golgi apparatus during interphase. It is regulated by phosphorylation: dephosphorylated protein associates with the Golgi membrane and dissociates from the membrane upon phosphorylation. Ras-associated protein 1 recruits this protein to coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles during budding from the endoplasmic reticulum, where it interacts with a set of COPII vesicle-associated SNAREs to form a cis-SNARE complex that promotes targeting to the Golgi apparatus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

intraflagellar transport 80 homolog (Chlamydomonas) pseudogene

intraflagellar transport 52

This gene encodes a conserved proline-rich protein that is a component of the intraflagellar transport-B (IFT-B) core complex. The encoded protein is essential for the integrity of the IFT-B core complex, and for biosynthesis and maintenance of cilia. Mutations in this gene are associated with ciliopathy that affects the skeleton. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

intraflagellar transport 57

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Acts upstream of or within apoptotic process; positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity; and regulation of apoptotic process. Located in ciliary base and photoreceptor connecting cilium. Part of intraciliary transport particle B. Implicated in orofaciodigital syndrome XVIII. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 6

This gene encodes a member of the FXYD family of transmembrane proteins. This particular protein encodes phosphohippolin, which likely affects the activity of Na,K-ATPase. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 10 and X. Read-through transcripts have been observed between this locus and the downstream sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma (FXYD2, GeneID 486) locus.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 7

This reference sequence was derived from multiple replicate ESTs and validated by similar human genomic sequence. This gene encodes a member of a family of small membrane proteins that share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. The approved human gene nomenclature for the family is FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. Transmembrane topology has been established for two family members (FXYD1 and FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, regulates the properties of that enzyme. FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma), FXYD3 (MAT-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD5 (RIC) have been shown to induce channel activity in experimental expression systems. This gene product, FXYD7, is novel and has not been characterized as a protein. [RefSeq curation by Kathleen J. Sweadner, Ph.D., sweadner@helix.mgh.harvard.edu., Dec 2000]

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 4

This gene encodes a member of a family of small membrane proteins that share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. The approved human gene nomenclature for the family is FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. FXYD4, originally named CHIF for channel-inducing factor, has been shown to modulate the properties of the Na,K-ATPase, as has FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, and FXYD7. Transmembrane topology has been established for FXYD4 and two family members (FXYD1 and FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 5

This gene encodes a member of a family of small membrane proteins that share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. The approved human gene nomenclature for the family is FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. Mouse FXYD5 has been termed RIC (Related to Ion Channel). FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, regulates the properties of that enzyme. FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma), FXYD3 (MAT-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD5 (RIC) have been shown to induce channel activity in experimental expression systems. Transmembrane topology has been established for two family members (FXYD1 and FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. This gene product, FXYD5, is a glycoprotein that functions in the up-regulation of chemokine production, and it is involved in the reduction of cell adhesion via its ability to down-regulate E-cadherin. It also promotes metastasis, and has been linked to a variety of cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [RefSeq curation by Kathleen J. Sweadner, Ph.D., sweadner@helix.mgh.harvard.edu., Sep 2009]

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2

This gene encodes a member of the FXYD family of transmembrane proteins. This particular protein encodes the sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Renal Hypomagnesemia-2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Read-through transcripts have been observed between this locus and the upstream FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 6 (FXYD6, GeneID 53826) locus.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 3

This gene belongs to a small family of FXYD-domain containing regulators of Na+/K+ ATPases which share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD, and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. This gene encodes a cell membrane protein that may regulate the function of ion-pumps and ion-channels. This gene may also play a role in tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1

This gene encodes a member of a family of small membrane proteins that share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. The approved human gene nomenclature for the family is FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. Mouse FXYD5 has been termed RIC (Related to Ion Channel). FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, regulates the properties of that enzyme. FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma), FXYD3 (MAT-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD5 (RIC) have been shown to induce channel activity in experimental expression systems. Transmembrane topology has been established for two family members (FXYD1 and FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane substrate for several kinases, including protein kinase A, protein kinase C, NIMA kinase, and myotonic dystrophy kinase. It is thought to form an ion channel or regulate ion channel activity. Transcript variants with different 5' UTR sequences have been described in the literature. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ANKH inorganic pyrophosphate transport regulator

This gene encodes a multipass transmembrane protein that is expressed in joints and other tissues and controls pyrophosphate levels in cultured cells. Progressive ankylosis-mediated control of pyrophosphate levels has been suggested as a possible mechanism regulating tissue calcification and susceptibility to arthritis in higher animals. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant craniometaphyseal dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

intraflagellar transport 122

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This cytoplasmic protein contains seven WD repeats and an AF-2 domain which function by recruiting coregulatory molecules and in transcriptional activation. Mutations in this gene cause cranioectodermal dysplasia-1. A related pseudogene is located on chromosome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

intraflagellar transport 80

The protein encoded by this gene is part of the intraflagellar transport complex B and is necessary for the function of motile and sensory cilia. Defects in this gene are a cause of asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy 2 (ATD2). Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

nuclear transport factor 2-like export factor 2

The protein encoded by this gene contains a nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2) domain, which plays an important role in the trafficking of macromolecules, ions, and small molecules between the cytoplasm and nucleus. This protein may also have a role in mRNA nuclear export. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

nuclear transport factor 2-like export factor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is located in the nuclear envelope. It has protein similarity to nuclear transport factor 2. This protein functions as a nuclear export factor in both RAN (Ras-related nuclear protein)- and CRM1 (required for chromosome region maintenance)-dependent pathways. It is found to stimulate the export of U1 snRNA in RAN- and CRM1-dependent pathways and the export of tRNA and mRNA in a CRM1-independent pathway. The encoded protein heterodimerizes with Tap protein and may regulate the ability of Tap protein to mediate nuclear mRNA export. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MIT, microtubule interacting and transport, domain containing 1

Abscission, the separation of daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis, is effected by endosomal sorting complexes required for transport III (ESCRT-III). The protein encoded by this gene functions as a homodimer, with the N-termini binding to a subset of ESCRT-III subunits and the C-termini binding to membranes. The encoded protein regulates ESCRT-III activity and is required for proper cytokinesis. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

intraflagellar transport 172

This gene encodes a subunit of the intraflagellar transport subcomplex IFT-B. Subcomplexes IFT-A and IFT-B are necessary for ciliary assembly and maintenance. Mutations in this gene have been associated with skeletal ciliopathies, with or without polydactyly, such as such short-rib thoracic dysplasias 1, 9 or 10. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

intraflagellar transport 57 homolog (Chlamydomonas) pseudogene

vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1B pseudogene 4

vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1B pseudogene 3

intraflagellar transport 74

This gene encodes a core intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein which belongs to a multi-protein complex involved in the transport of ciliary proteins along axonemal microtubules. IFT proteins are found at the base of the cilium as well as inside the cilium, where they assemble into long arrays between the ciliary base and tip. This protein, together with intraflagellar transport protein 81, binds and transports tubulin within cilia and is required for ciliogenesis. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--frontotemporal dementia and Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

transport and golgi organization 6 homolog (Drosophila)

Predicted to be involved in protein secretion. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transport and golgi organization 2 homolog (Drosophila)

This gene belongs to the transport and Golgi organization family, whose members are predicted to play roles in secretory protein loading in the endoplasmic reticulum. Depletion of this gene in Drosophila S2 cells causes fusion of the Golgi with the ER. In mouse tissue culture cells, this protein co-localizes with a mitochondrially targeted mCherry protein and displays very low levels of co-localization with Golgi and peroxisomes. Allelic variants of this gene are associated with rhabdomyolysis, metabolic crises with encephalopathy, and cardiac arrhythmia. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

high L-leucine transport

intraflagellar transport 140

This gene encodes one of the subunits of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex A. Intraflagellar transport is involved in the genesis, resorption and signaling of primary cilia. The primary cilium is a microtubule-based sensory organelle at the surface of most quiescent mammalian cells, that receives signals from its environment, such as the flow of fluid, light or odors, and transduces those signals to the nucleus. Loss of the corresponding protein in mouse results in renal cystic disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]

intraflagellar transport 122 homolog (Chlamydomonas) pseudogene

intraflagellar transport 27

This gene encodes a GTP-binding protein that is a core component of the intraflagellar transport complex B. Characterization of the similar Chlamydomonas protein indicates a function in cell cycle control. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

intraflagellar transport 20

This gene encodes a intraflagellar transport protein important for intracellular transport. The encoded protein forms part of a complex involved in trafficking of proteins from the Golgi body, including recycling of immune signalling components (Finetti et al., PubMed: 19855387). This gene is part of a complex set of sense-antisense loci that may be co-regulated. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 14.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]

intraflagellar transport 22

Predicted to enable GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in intracellular protein transport. Part of intraciliary transport particle B. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

vesicle amine transport 1

Synaptic vesicles are responsible for regulating the storage and release of neurotransmitters in the nerve terminal. The protein encoded by this gene is an abundant integral membrane protein of cholinergic synaptic vesicles and is thought to be involved in vesicular transport. It belongs to the quinone oxidoreductase subfamily of zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 6 pseudogene 2

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 6 pseudogene 3

Predicted to enable sodium channel regulator activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 6 pseudogene 1

nuclear transport factor 2

This gene encodes a cytosolic factor that facilitates protein transport into the nucleus. The encoded protein is required for nuclear import of the small Ras-like GTPase, Ran which is involved in numerous cellular processes. This protein also interacts with the nuclear pore complex glycoprotein p62. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

vesicle amine transport 1-like

Predicted to enable oxidoreductase activity and zinc ion binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RGP1 retrograde golgi transport homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Enables guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity and small GTPase binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of protein catabolic process; positive regulation of GTPase activity; and retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi. Located in cytosol and plasma membrane. Part of Ric1-Rgp1 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 1

This gene encodes a member of the ancient conserved domain protein family. The encoded protein may bind copper. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 3

Predicted to enable transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in magnesium ion homeostasis. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 2

This gene encodes a member of the ancient conserved domain containing protein family. Members of this protein family contain a cyclin box motif and have structural similarity to the cyclins. The encoded protein may play an important role in magnesium homeostasis by mediating the epithelial transport and renal reabsorption of Mg2+. Mutations in this gene are associated with renal hypomagnesemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 4

This gene encodes a member of the ancient conserved domain containing protein family. Members of this protein family contain a cyclin box motif and have structural similarity to the cyclins. The encoded protein may play a role in metal ion transport. Mutations in this gene are associated with Jalili syndrome which consists of cone-rod dystrophy and amelogenesis imperfecta. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 11, pseudogene

RNA transcription, translation and transport factor

Enables RNA binding activity; RNA polymerase II complex binding activity; and identical protein binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of protein kinase activity; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; and tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation. Located in microtubule cytoskeleton; nucleoplasm; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Part of tRNA-splicing ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

collectrin, amino acid transport regulator

This gene encodes a type 1 transmembrane protein that is important for trafficking amino acid transporters to the apical brush border of proximal tubules. The encoded protein binds to amino acid transporters and regulates their expression on the plasma membrane. It also plays a role in controlling insulin exocytosis by regulating formation of the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor) complex in pancreatic beta cells. The extracellular domain of the encoded protein may be cleaved and shed from the plasma membrane specifically in pancreatic beta cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

intraflagellar transport associated protein

This gene encodes a protein that was identified as a cellular interacting partner of non-structural protein 10 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The encoded protein may function as a negative regulator of transcription. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

intraflagellar transport 70A

Predicted to enable intraciliary transport particle B binding activity. Predicted to be involved in intraciliary transport. Predicted to be located in centrosome. Predicted to be part of intraciliary transport particle B. Predicted to be active in axonemal microtubule. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

intraflagellar transport 70B

Predicted to enable intraciliary transport particle B binding activity. Predicted to be involved in intraciliary transport. Part of intraciliary transport particle B. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small transmembrane regulator of ion transport 1

Predicted to enable enzyme activator activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of calcium ion transport and regulation of striated muscle contraction. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity and positive regulation of calcium ion import. Predicted to be located in sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lipid transport auxiliary protein 1

intraflagellar transport 54

The protein encoded by this gene interacts with TNF receptor-associated factor 3, tethering it to cytoskeletal microtubules. The encoded protein is also an inhibitor of the innate type I IFN response. Defects in this gene are a cause of Senior-Loken syndrome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

intraflagellar transport 38

The protein encoded by this gene contains a single coiled-coil region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

vacuole membrane protein 1

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that plays a key regulatory role in the process of autophagy. The ectopic overexpression of the encoded protein in cultured cells triggers autophagy even under nutrient-rich conditions. This gene is overexpressed in pancreatitis affected acinar cells where the encoded protein mediates sequestration and degradation of potentially deleterious activated zymogen granules in a process termed, zymophagy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44 homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a peripheral membrane protein associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase, which functions in the import of proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane and into the mitochondrial matrix. The encoded protein mediates binding of mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 to the translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 (TIM23) complex. Expression of this gene is upregulated in kidney in a mouse model of diabetes. A mutation in this gene is associated with familial oncocytic thyroid carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

vitelline membrane outer layer 1 homolog (chicken)

Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

limb development membrane protein 1-like

Enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity. Involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and signal transduction. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

integral membrane protein 2B pseudogene 1

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3)

The protein encoded by this gene is a sphingomyelinase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin to form phosphorylcholine and ceramide. This gene is activated by DNA damage, cellular stress, and tumor necrosis factor, but it is downregulated by wild-type p53. The encoded protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi network. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II)

Enables sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity. Involved in sphingomyelin catabolic process. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. Biomarker of pulmonary emphysema. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase)

This gene encodes a protein which was initially identified as a sphingomyelinase based on sequence similarity between bacterial sphingomyelinases and a yeast protein. Subsequent studies showed that its biological function is less likely to be as a sphingomyelinase and instead as a lysophospholipase. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 1

Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (EPB41) is a multifunctional protein that mediates interactions between the erythrocyte cytoskeleton and the overlying plasma membrane. The encoded protein binds and stabilizes D2 and D3 dopamine receptors at the neuronal plasma membrane. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3

Predicted to enable cytoskeletal protein-membrane anchor activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of cytoskeleton. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including nervous system development; paranodal junction maintenance; and protein localization to axon. Located in cell-cell junction and plasma membrane. Implicated in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. Biomarker of meningioma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 2

Predicted to enable PH domain binding activity; cytoskeletal protein binding activity; and structural molecule activity. Involved in positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex. Located in several cellular components, including cell cortex; cell junction; and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 5

Predicted to enable cytoskeletal protein binding activity and protein domain specific binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actomyosin structure organization. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including chordate embryonic development; embryonic foregut morphogenesis; and mesoderm morphogenesis. Located in cytosol; nucleoplasm; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 pseudogene

CXADR-like membrane protein

This gene encodes a type I transmembrane protein that is localized to junctional complexes between endothelial and epithelial cells and may have a role in cell-cell adhesion. Expression of this gene in white adipose tissue is implicated in adipocyte maturation and development of obesity. This gene is also essential for normal intestinal development and mutations in the gene are associated with congenital short bowel syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

APC membrane recruitment protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene upregulates trancriptional activation by the Wilms tumor protein and interacts with many other proteins, including CTNNB1, APC, AXIN1, and AXIN2. Defects in this gene are a cause of osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS). [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

JNK1/MAPK8-associated membrane protein pseudogene 1

limbic system-associated membrane protein

This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin LAMP, OBCAM and neurotrimin (IgLON) family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a neuronal surface glycoprotein. This protein may act as a selective homophilic adhesion molecule during axon guidance and neuronal growth in the developing limbic system. The encoded protein may also function as a tumor suppressor and may play a role in neuropsychiatric disorders. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 11

MARCH11 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). These enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their intracellular transport. March11 appears to have a role in ubiquitin-mediated protein sorting in the trans-Golgi network (TGN)-multivesicular body (MVB) transport pathway (Morokuma et al., 2007 [PubMed 17604280]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 10, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

MARCH10 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments (Morokuma et al., 2007 [PubMed 17604280]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

small integral membrane protein 12-like

nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210-like

brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1

This gene encodes a membrane bound protein with several transient phosphorylation sites and PEST motifs. Conservation of proteins with PEST sequences among different species supports their functional significance. PEST sequences typically occur in proteins with high turnover rates. Immunological characteristics of this protein are species specific. This protein also undergoes N-terminal myristoylation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

small integral membrane protein 13

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 12

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 11

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 10

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 17

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 15

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 14

Predicted to act upstream of or within blastocyst hatching. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 19

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 18

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

leucine-rich single-pass membrane protein 1

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

leucine-rich single-pass membrane protein 2

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1 pseudogene 1

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast) pseudogene

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8B pseudogene 1

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a protein involved in processing the signal peptide sequences used to direct mitochondrial proteins to the mitochondria. The encoded protein resides in the mitochondria and is one of the necessary proteins for the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase (IMP) complex. Two variants that encode the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

trehalase (brush-border membrane glycoprotein) pseudogene

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 8

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. The gene encoding this protein is localized to 11q12.3, among a cluster of family members. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 7

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family, members of which are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns in hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This family member is associated with mature cellular function in the monocytic lineage, and it may be a component of a receptor complex involved in signal transduction. This gene is localized to 11q12, in a cluster of other family members. At least four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 2

The allergic response involves the binding of allergen to receptor-bound IgE followed by cell activation and the release of mediators responsible for the manifestations of allergy. The IgE-receptor, a tetramer composed of an alpha, beta, and 2 disulfide-linked gamma chains, is found on the surface of mast cells and basophils. This gene encodes the beta subunit of the high affinity IgE receptor which is a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This family member is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of membrane-spanning 4A gene family members. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. Additional transcript variants have been described but require experimental validation. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This gene encodes a B-lymphocyte surface molecule which plays a role in the development and differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. This family member is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of family members. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

epithelial membrane protein 2

This gene encodes a tetraspan protein of the PMP22/EMP family. The encoded protein regulates cell membrane composition. It has been associated with various functions including endocytosis, cell signaling, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell adhesion, cell death, cholesterol homeostasis, urinary albumin excretion, and embryo implantation. It is known to negatively regulate caveolin-1, a scaffolding protein which is the main component of the caveolae plasma membrane invaginations found in most cell types. Through activation of PTK2 it positively regulates vascular endothelial growth factor A. It also modulates the function of specific integrin isomers in the plasma membrane. Up-regulation of this gene has been linked to cancer progression in multiple different tissues. Mutations in this gene have been associated with nephrotic syndrome type 10 (NPHS10). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015]

epithelial membrane protein 3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family of proteins. The protein contains four transmembrane domains and two N-linked glycosylation sites. It is thought to be involved in cell proliferation, cell-cell interactions and function as a tumor suppressor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

epithelial membrane protein 1

Involved in apoptotic process and bleb assembly. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

single-pass membrane protein with coiled-coil domains 4 pseudogene 1

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17 homolog B (yeast) pseudogene 1

trehalase (brush-border membrane glycoprotein)

This gene encodes an enzyme that hydrolyses trehalose, a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules found mainly in fungi, plants, and insects. A partial duplication of this gene is located adjacent to this locus on chromosome 11. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

erythroblast membrane-associated protein (Scianna blood group)

The protein encoded by this gene is a cell surface transmembrane protein that may act as an erythroid cell receptor, possibly as a mediator of cell adhesion. Polymorphisms in this gene are responsible for the Scianna/Radin blood group system. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

integral membrane protein 2C

Enables amyloid-beta binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of neuron projection development and neuron differentiation. Located in several cellular components, including Golgi apparatus; lysosome; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

integral membrane protein 2A

This gene encodes a type II membrane protein that belongs to the ITM2 family. Studies in mouse suggest that it may be involved in osteo- and chondrogenic differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 4

Predicted to enable transmembrane transporter binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of presynaptic active zone. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including regulation of synapse organization; regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis; and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Predicted to be located in synaptic membrane. Predicted to be active in glutamatergic synapse; presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component; and presynaptic membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a RAS gene superfamily member that regulates synaptic vesicle exocytosis. This gene also plays a role in the regulation of voltage-gated calcium channels during neurotransmitter and insulin release. Mutations have suggested a role cognition and have been identified as the cause of cone-rod dystrophy type 7. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a presynaptic protein that interacts with RAB3, a protein important for normal neurotransmitter release. The encoded protein can also bind several other synaptic proteins, including UNC-13 homolog B, ELKS/Rab6-interacting/CAST family member 1, and synaptotagmin 1. This protein is involved in synaptic membrane exocytosis. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with degenerative lumbar scoliosis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 3

Predicted to enable transmembrane transporter binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of presynaptic active zone. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including regulated exocytosis; regulation of synapse organization; and regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Predicted to be located in presynaptic active zone. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including postsynaptic cytosol; presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component; and presynaptic membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

integral membrane protein 2B

Amyloid precursor proteins are processed by beta-secretase and gamma-secretase to produce beta-amyloid peptides which form the characteristic plaques of Alzheimer disease. This gene encodes a transmembrane protein which is processed at the C-terminus by furin or furin-like proteases to produce a small secreted peptide which inhibits the deposition of beta-amyloid. Mutations which result in extension of the C-terminal end of the encoded protein, thereby increasing the size of the secreted peptide, are associated with two neurogenerative diseases, familial British dementia and familial Danish dementia. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

nurim (nuclear envelope membrane protein)

The protein encoded by this gene contains transmembrane domains and resides within the inner nuclear membrane, where it is tightly associated with the nucleus. This protein shares homology with isoprenylcysteine carboxymethyltransferase enzymes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

fission 1 (mitochondrial outer membrane) homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Enables identical protein binding activity; lipid binding activity; and molecular adaptor activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of ATP metabolic process; negative regulation of fatty acid transport; and organelle fission. Acts upstream of or within mitochondrion organization. Located in mitochondrial outer membrane and peroxisomal membrane. Part of protein-containing complex. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 23

Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 20

Involved in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 21

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 24

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

peroxisomal membrane protein 2, 22kDa

Located in peroxisomal membrane. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

peroxisomal membrane protein 4, 24kDa

Predicted to act upstream of or within ether lipid metabolic process. Located in peroxisomal membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MPV17 mitochondrial membrane protein-like

Involved in negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process; negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway; and reactive oxygen species metabolic process. Located in peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lymphoid-restricted membrane protein

The protein encode dby this gene is expressed in a developmentally regulated manner in lymphoid cell lines and tissues. The protein is localized to the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MPV17 mitochondrial membrane protein-like 2

Involved in mitochondrial ribosome assembly and positive regulation of mitochondrial translation. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. Part of mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast)

The protein encoded by this gene is localized in the outer membrane of the mitochondria. It is the channel-forming subunit of the translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM) complex that is essential for import of protein precursors into mitochondria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 4B

Predicted to be a structural constituent of cytoskeleton. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of cell adhesion; positive regulation of keratinocyte migration; and wound healing. Acts upstream of or within actomyosin structure organization. Located in apical part of cell; cytosol; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 4A

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the band 4.1 protein superfamily. Members of this superfamily are thought to play an important role in regulating interactions between the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane, and contain an amino terminal conserved domain that binds glycophorin C. This gene product is thought to be involved in the beta-catenin signaling pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

glycoprotein 2 (zymogen granule membrane)

This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that is secreted from intracellular zymogen granules and associates with the plasma membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. The encoded protein binds pathogens such as enterobacteria, thereby playing an important role in the innate immune response. The C-terminus of this protein is related to the C-terminus of the protein encoded by the neighboring gene, uromodulin (UMOD). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

small integral membrane protein 11 pseudogene 1

membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 2

Enables 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity; 1-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase activity; and 1-acylglycerophosphoserine O-acyltransferase activity. Involved in phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling; phosphatidylethanolamine acyl-chain remodeling; and phosphatidylserine acyl-chain remodeling. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 1

This gene belongs to the membrane-bound O-acetyltransferase superfamily. The encoded transmembrane protein is an enzyme that transfers organic compounds, preferably from oleoyl-CoA, to hydroxyl groups of protein targets in membranes. A translocation disrupting this gene may be associated with brachydactyly syndactyly syndrome. Alternately spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferases family of integral membrane proteins that have acyltransferase activity. The encoded protein is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase that has specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA as an acyl donor. This protein is involved in the reacylation of phospholipids as part of the phospholipid remodeling pathway known as the Land cycle. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 4

Enables acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups. Involved in peptidyl-serine octanoylation. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum. Predicted to be active in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 pseudogene 1

integral membrane glycoprotein-like

small integral membrane protein 22

Involved in several processes, including lipid droplet formation; positive regulation of cell migration; and regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization. Predicted to be located in late endosome and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphoprotein membrane anchor with glycosphingolipid microdomains 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a type III transmembrane adaptor protein that binds to the tyrosine kinase csk protein. It is thought to be involved in the regulation of T cell activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MpV17 mitochondrial inner membrane protein

This gene encodes a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is implicated in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the hepatocerebral form of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C

The protein encoded by this gene is a type IV membrane protein found in plasma and intracellular vesicle membranes. The encoded protein is found as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with VAPA. This protein also can interact with VAMP1 and VAMP2 and may be involved in vesicle trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein A, 33kDa

The protein encoded by this gene is a type IV membrane protein. It is present in the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles. It may also be associated with the cytoskeleton. This protein may function in vesicle trafficking, membrane fusion, protein complex assembly and cell motility. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

membrane metallo-endopeptidase

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein and a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen that is an important cell surface marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The encoded protein is present on leukemic cells of pre-B phenotype, which represent 85% of cases of ALL. This protein is not restricted to leukemic cells, however, and is found on a variety of normal tissues. The protein is a neutral endopeptidase that cleaves peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic residues and inactivates several peptide hormones including glucagon, enkephalins, substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

semaphorin 7A, GPI membrane anchor (John Milton Hagen blood group)

This gene encodes a member of the semaphorin family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane glycoprotein. The encoded protein is found on activated lymphocytes and erythrocytes and may be involved in immunomodulatory and neuronal processes. The encoded protein carries the John Milton Hagen (JMH) blood group antigens. Mutations in this gene may be associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

APC membrane recruitment protein 2

Enables phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

APC membrane recruitment protein 3

Predicted to enable beta-catenin binding activity and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

retinal outer segment membrane protein 1

This gene is a member of a photoreceptor-specific gene family and encodes an integral membrane protein found in the photoreceptor disk rim of the eye. This protein can form homodimers or can heterodimerize with another photoreceptor, retinal degeneration slow (RDS). It is essential for disk morphogenesis, and may also function as an adhesion molecule involved in the stabilization and compaction of outer segment disks or in the maintenance of the curvature of the rim. Certain defects in this gene have been associated with the degenerative eye disease retinitis pigmentosa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 homolog B (yeast)

FXC1, or TIMM10B, belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are organized in heterooligomeric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. These proteins mediate the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

small integral membrane protein 2

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 1 (Vel blood group)

This gene encodes a small, conserved protein that participates in red blood cell formation. The encoded protein is localized to the cell membrane and is the antigen for the Vel blood group. Alternative splicing results in different transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]

lysosomal-associated membrane protein family, member 5

Predicted to be involved in establishment of protein localization to organelle. Located in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; endosome membrane; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. Immature DCs efficiently capture antigens and differentiate into interdigitating dendritic cells (IDCs) in lymphoid tissues that induce primary T-cell responses (summary by de Saint-Vis et al., 1998 [PubMed 9768752]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2010]

lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of membrane glycoproteins. This glycoprotein provides selectins with carbohydrate ligands. It may play a role in tumor cell metastasis. It may also function in the protection, maintenance, and adhesion of the lysosome. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of membrane glycoproteins. This glycoprotein provides selectins with carbohydrate ligands. It may also play a role in tumor cell metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast)-like

Predicted to enable protein transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in protein import into mitochondrial matrix. Located in mitochondrion. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocation associated membrane protein 1-like 1

Predicted to be involved in protein insertion into ER membrane. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum and membrane. Predicted to be active in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 50 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a subunit of the TIM23 inner mitochondrial membrane translocase complex. The encoded protein functions as the receptor subunit that recognizes the mitochondrial targeting signal, or presequence, on protein cargo that is destined for the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix. This protein may also play a role in maintaining the membrane permeability barrier, and knockdown of this gene in human cells results in the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

proline rich membrane anchor 1

The product of this gene functions to organize acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into tetramers, and to anchor AChE at neural cell membranes. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

small integral membrane protein 10 like 1

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1 pseudogene 4

succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein, 15kDa

This gene encodes one of four nuclear-encoded subunits that comprise succinate dehydrogenase, also known as mitochondrial complex II, a key enzyme complex of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and aerobic respiratory chains of mitochondria. The encoded protein is one of two integral membrane proteins that anchor other subunits of the complex, which form the catalytic core, to the inner mitochondrial membrane. There are several related pseudogenes for this gene on different chromosomes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with paragangliomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein

This gene encodes a member of complex II of the respiratory chain, which is responsible for the oxidation of succinate. The encoded protein is one of two integral membrane proteins anchoring the complex to the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with the formation of tumors, including hereditary paraganglioma. Transmission of disease occurs almost exclusively through the paternal allele, suggesting that this locus may be maternally imprinted. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 7, and 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 6 homolog (yeast)

Predicted to be involved in protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein

Involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytosol; lysosome; and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 7 homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a subunit of the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein regulates the assembly and stability of the translocase complex. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 5 homolog (yeast)

Predicted to be involved in protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane. Located in mitochondrion. Part of mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane metallo-endopeptidase-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the neutral endopeptidase (NEP) or membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME) family. Family members play important roles in pain perception, arterial pressure regulation, phosphate metabolism and homeostasis. This protein is a type II transmembrane protein and is thought to be expressed as a secreted protein. This gene is expressed mainly in testis with weak expression in the brain, kidney, and heart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor

This gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the type I receptors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family, whose members play important roles in signal transduction in many developmental and pathological processes. The encoded protein however is a pseudoreceptor, lacking an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain required for signaling. Similar proteins in frog, mouse and zebrafish function as negative regulators of TGF-beta, which has led to the suggestion that the encoded protein may function to limit the signaling range of the TGF-beta family during early embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

matrix metallopeptidase 14 (membrane-inserted)

Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. However, the protein encoded by this gene is a member of the membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) subfamily; each member of this subfamily contains a potential transmembrane domain suggesting that these proteins are expressed at the cell surface rather than secreted. This protein activates MMP2 protein, and this activity may be involved in tumor invasion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

matrix metallopeptidase 15 (membrane-inserted)

This gene encodes a member of the peptidase M10 family and membrane-type subfamily of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Proteins in this family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Members of this subfamily contain a transmembrane domain suggesting that these proteins are expressed at the cell surface rather than secreted. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protease. This protein may play a role in cancer progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

matrix metallopeptidase 16 (membrane-inserted)

Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The encoded protein activates MMP2 by cleavage. This gene was once referred to as MT-MMP2, but was renamed as MT-MMP3 or MMP16. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

matrix metallopeptidase 17 (membrane-inserted)

This gene encodes a member of the peptidase M10 family and membrane-type subfamily of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Proteins in this family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Members of this subfamily contain a transmembrane domain suggesting that these proteins are expressed at the cell surface rather than secreted. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protease. This protein is unique among the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases in that it is anchored to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Elevated expression of the encoded protein has been observed in osteoarthritis and multiple human cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase

Aminopeptidase N is located in the small-intestinal and renal microvillar membrane, and also in other plasma membranes. In the small intestine aminopeptidase N plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. Its function in proximal tubular epithelial cells and other cell types is less clear. The large extracellular carboxyterminal domain contains a pentapeptide consensus sequence characteristic of members of the zinc-binding metalloproteinase superfamily. Sequence comparisons with known enzymes of this class showed that CD13 and aminopeptidase N are identical. The latter enzyme was thought to be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides by diverse cell types, including small intestinal and renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and synaptic membranes from the CNS. This membrane-bound zinc metalloprotease is known to serve as a receptor for the HCoV-229E alphacoronavirus as well as other non-human coronaviruses. This gene has also been shown to promote angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis and defects in this gene are associated with various types of leukemia and lymphoma. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2020]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 10

Most MS4A genes, including MS4A10, encode proteins with at least 4 potential transmembrane domains and N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains encoded by distinct exons.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 12

The protein encoded by this gene is a cell surface protein found primarily in the apical membrane of colonocytes. Silencing of this gene in colon cancer cells inhibits the proliferation, cell motility, and chemotactic invasion of cells. This gene is part of a cluster of similar genes found on chromosome 11. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

lymphoid-restricted membrane protein-like

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 6A

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. The gene encoding this protein is localized to 11q12.1, among a cluster of family members. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

single-pass membrane protein with coiled-coil domains 3

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

single-pass membrane protein with coiled-coil domains 2

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

single-pass membrane protein with coiled-coil domains 1

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

single-pass membrane protein with coiled-coil domains 4

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog (yeast)

Enables mitochondrion targeting sequence binding activity; protein-transporting ATPase activity; and unfolded protein binding activity. Involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion. Located in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact site and mitochondrial outer membrane. Is active in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 22 homolog (yeast)

The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane. The encoded protein interacts with TOMM20 and TOMM40, and forms a complex with several other proteins to import cytosolic preproteins into the mitochondrion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ER membrane protein complex subunit 9

Contributes to membrane insertase activity. Involved in protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence and tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane. Located in cytoplasm. Part of EMC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ER membrane protein complex subunit 8

Contributes to membrane insertase activity. Involved in protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence and tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane. Located in Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Part of EMC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ER membrane protein complex subunit 3

Contributes to membrane insertase activity. Involved in protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence and tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Part of EMC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ER membrane protein complex subunit 2

Contributes to membrane insertase activity. Involved in protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence and tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Is extrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Part of EMC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ER membrane protein complex subunit 1

This gene encodes a single-pass type I transmembrane protein, which is a subunit of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

ER membrane protein complex subunit 7

Contributes to membrane insertase activity. Involved in protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence and tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Part of EMC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ER membrane protein complex subunit 6

Contributes to membrane insertase activity. Involved in autophagosome assembly; protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence; and tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane and omegasome membrane. Part of EMC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ER membrane protein complex subunit 4

Contributes to membrane insertase activity. Involved in protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence and tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Part of EMC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1

This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the M28 peptidase family. The protein acts as a glutamate carboxypeptidase on different alternative substrates, including the nutrient folate and the neuropeptide N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate and is expressed in a number of tissues such as prostate, central and peripheral nervous system and kidney. A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. In the prostate the protein is up-regulated in cancerous cells and is used as an effective diagnostic and prognostic indicator of prostate cancer. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

IMP1 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 1

small integral membrane protein 12 pseudogene 1

membrane protein, palmitoylated 3 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 3)

This gene product is a member of a family of membrane-associated proteins termed MAGUKs (membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologs). MAGUKs interact with the cytoskeleton and regulate cell proliferation, signaling pathways, and intracellular junctions. This protein contains a conserved sequence, called the SH3 (src homology 3) motif, found in several other proteins that associate with the cytoskeleton and are suspected to play important roles in signal transduction. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. One transcript variant is experimentally supported, but it doesn't encode a protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

membrane protein, palmitoylated 2 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 2)

Palmitoylated membrane protein 2 is a member of a family of membrane-associated proteins termed MAGUKs (membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologs). MAGUKs interact with the cytoskeleton and regulate cell proliferation, signaling pathways, and intracellular junctions. Palmitoylated membrane protein 2 contains a conserved sequence, called the SH3 (src homology 3) motif, found in several other proteins that associate with the cytoskeleton and are suspected to play important roles in signal transduction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

membrane protein, palmitoylated 1, 55kDa

This gene encodes the prototype of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family proteins. MAGUKs interact with the cytoskeleton and regulate cell proliferation, signaling pathways, and intercellular junctions. The encoded protein is an extensively palmitoylated membrane phosphoprotein containing a PDZ domain, a Src homology 3 (SH3) motif, and a guanylate kinase domain. This gene product interacts with various cytoskeletal proteins and cell junctional proteins in different tissue and cell types, and may be involved in the regulation of cell shape, hair cell development, neural patterning of the retina, and apico-basal polarity and tumor suppression pathways in non-erythroid cells. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

membrane protein, palmitoylated 7 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 7)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the p55 Stardust family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) proteins, which function in the establishment of epithelial cell polarity. This family member forms a complex with the polarity protein DLG1 (discs, large homolog 1) and facilitates epithelial cell polarity and tight junction formation. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with variations in site-specific bone mineral density (BMD). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

membrane protein, palmitoylated 6 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 6)

Members of the peripheral membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family function in tumor suppression and receptor clustering by forming multiprotein complexes containing distinct sets of transmembrane, cytoskeletal, and cytoplasmic signaling proteins. All MAGUKs contain a PDZ-SH3-GUK core and are divided into 4 subfamilies, DLG-like (see DLG1; MIM 601014), ZO1-like (see TJP1; MIM 601009), p55-like (see MPP1; MIM 305360), and LIN2-like (see CASK; MIM 300172), based on their size and the presence of additional domains. MPP6 is a member of the p55-like MAGUK subfamily (Tseng et al., 2001 [PubMed 11311936]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

membrane protein, palmitoylated 5 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 5)

This gene encodes a member of the p55-like subfamily of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) gene superfamily. The encoded protein participates in the polarization of differentiating cells, has been shown to regulate myelinating Schwann cells (PMID: 20237282), and is one of the components of the Crumbs complex in the retina. Mice which express lower levels of the orthologous protein have retinal degeneration and impaired vision (PMID: 22114289). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

membrane protein, palmitoylated 4 (MAGUK p55 subfamily member 4)

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein family, with an N-terminal PDZ domain, a central src homology 3 region (SH3), and a C-terminal guanylate kinase-like (GUK) domain. The protein is localized to the outer limiting membrane in the retina, and is thought to function in photoreceptor polarity and the organization of specialized intercellular junctions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein, 15kDa pseudogene

golgi integral membrane protein 4

The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is a type II Golgi-resident protein. It may process proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and assist in the transport of protein cargo through the Golgi apparatus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

matrix metallopeptidase 24 (membrane-inserted)

This gene encodes a member of the peptidase M10 family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Proteins in this family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protease. Unlike most MMPs, which are secreted, this protease is a member of the membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) subfamily, contains a transmembrane domain and is expressed at the cell surface. Substrates of this protease include the proteins cadherin 2 and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (also known as 72 kDa type IV collagenase). The gene has previously been referred to as MMP25 but has been renamed matrix metallopeptidase 24 (MMP24). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2019]

glycoprotein integral membrane 1

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

stress responsive DNAJB4 interacting membrane protein 1

Enables protein homodimerization activity. Involved in protein folding. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8 homolog A (yeast)

This translocase is involved in the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The gene is mutated in Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome/Deafness Dystonia Syndrome (MTS/DDS) and it is postulated that MTS/DDS is a mitochondrial disease caused by a defective mitochondrial protein import system. Defects in this gene also cause Jensen syndrome; an X-linked disease with opticoacoustic nerve atrophy and muscle weakness. This protein, along with TIMM13, forms a 70 kDa heterohexamer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8 homolog B (yeast)

This gene encodes a member of a well-conserved family of proteins with similarity to yeast Tim mitochondrial import proteins. This gene is encoded by a nuclear gene and is transported into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. When formed into complexes, these proteins guide membrane-spanning proteins across the mitochondrial intermembrane space before they are added into the mitochondrial inner membrane. This gene is adjacent to succinate dehydrogenase, subunit D (SDHD), in which mutations have been found in affected members of families with hereditary paraganglioma.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

single-pass membrane protein with aspartate-rich tail 1

This gene encodes a core regulatory component of a calcium channel in the mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast) pseudogene

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane domain containing 1

Predicted to be involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in mitochondrion and nucleoplasm. Implicated in nuclear type mitochondrial complex I deficiency 31. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

JNK1/MAPK8-associated membrane protein

Enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Involved in ERAD pathway. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 9 homolog (yeast)

TIMM9 belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are organized in heterooligomeric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. These proteins mediate the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

small integral membrane protein 3

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 7

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 6

Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 5

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 4

Enables mitochondrial ribosome binding activity. Involved in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly. Located in mitochondrion. Is active in mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 9

Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 8

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1 pseudogene 3

mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1 pseudogene 2

mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1 pseudogene 1

ER membrane-associated RNA degradation

The protein encoded by this gene contains 2 transmembrane domains near the C-terminus and is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Knockout of this gene in developing rat brain showed that it may be involved in neuronal migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia-6 (PVNH6). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast) pseudogene

Bet1 golgi vesicular membrane trafficking protein

This gene encodes a golgi-associated membrane protein that participates in vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex. The encoded protein functions as a soluble N-ethylaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor and may be involved in the docking of ER-derived vesicles with the cis-Golgi membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 18

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 14

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 15

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2

This gene encodes a intramembrane zinc metalloprotease, which is essential in development. This protease functions in the signal protein activation involved in sterol control of transcription and the ER stress response. Mutations in this gene have been associated with ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia and photophobia (IFAP syndrome); IFAP syndrome has been quantitatively linked to a reduction in cholesterol homeostasis and ER stress response.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1

This gene encodes a member of the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family, which includes proteases that process protein and peptide precursors trafficking through regulated or constitutive branches of the secretory pathway. The encoded protein undergoes an initial autocatalytic processing event in the ER to generate a heterodimer which exits the ER and sorts to the cis/medial-Golgi where a second autocatalytic event takes place and the catalytic activity is acquired. It encodes a type 1 membrane bound protease which is ubiquitously expressed and regulates cholesterol or lipid homeostasis via cleavage of substrates at non-basic residues. Mutations in this gene may be associated with lysosomal dysfunction. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

guanylate cyclase 2D, membrane (retina-specific)

This gene encodes a retina-specific guanylate cyclase, which is a member of the membrane guanylyl cyclase family. Like other membrane guanylyl cyclases, this enzyme has a hydrophobic amino-terminal signal sequence followed by a large extracellular domain, a single membrane spanning domain, a kinase homology domain, and a guanylyl cyclase catalytic domain. In contrast to other membrane guanylyl cyclases, this enzyme is not activated by natriuretic peptides. Mutations in this gene result in Leber congenital amaurosis and cone-rod dystrophy-6 diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

limb development membrane protein 1

This gene encodes a member of the LMBR1-like membrane protein family. Another member of this protein family has been shown to be a lipocalin transmembrane receptor. A highly conserved, cis-acting regulatory module for the sonic hedgehog gene is located within an intron of this gene. Consequently, disruption of this genic region can alter sonic hedgehog expression and affect limb patterning, but it is not known if this gene functions directly in limb development. Mutations and chromosomal deletions and rearrangements in this genic region are associated with acheiropody and preaxial polydactyly, which likely result from altered sonic hedgehog expression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70 homolog A (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes an import receptor of the outer mitochondrial membrane that is part of the translocase of the outer membrane complex. This protein is involved in the import of mitochondrial precursor proteins. The protein interacts with the SARS-CoV and SARS-Cov-2 ORF9b proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2021]

translocation associated membrane protein 1

This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that is part of the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein influences glycosylation and facilitates the translocation of secretory proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by regulating which domains of the nascent polypeptide chain are visible to the cytosol during a translocational pause. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

translocation associated membrane protein 2

TRAM2 is a component of the translocon, a gated macromolecular channel that controls the posttranslational processing of nascent secretory and membrane proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2004]

vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (synaptobrevin 1)

Synapotobrevins, syntaxins, and the synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant spastic ataxia 1. Multiple alternative splice variants have been described, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

vesicle-associated membrane protein 3

Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. This gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. Because of its high homology to other known VAMPs, its broad tissue distribution, and its subcellular localization, the protein encoded by this gene was shown to be the human equivalent of the rodent cellubrevin. In platelets the protein resides on a compartment that is not mobilized to the plasma membrane on calcium or thrombin stimulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (synaptobrevin 2)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. This gene is thought to participate in neurotransmitter release at a step between docking and fusion. The protein forms a stable complex with syntaxin, synaptosomal-associated protein, 25 kD, and synaptotagmin. It also forms a distinct complex with synaptophysin. It is a likely candidate gene for familial infantile myasthenia (FIMG) because of its map location and because it encodes a synaptic vesicle protein of the type that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of FIMG. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

vesicle-associated membrane protein 5

Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of vesicles and cell membranes. The VAMP5 gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family and the SNARE superfamily. This VAMP family member may participate in vesicle trafficking events that are associated with myogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

vesicle-associated membrane protein 4

Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. This protein may play a role in trans-Golgi network-to-endosome transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

vesicle-associated membrane protein 7

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is a member of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family. The encoded protein localizes to late endosomes and lysosomes and is involved in the fusion of transport vesicles to their target membranes. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

vesicle-associated membrane protein 8

This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that belongs to the synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein subfamily of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs). The encoded protein is involved in the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

lens intrinsic membrane protein 2, 19kDa

This gene encodes an eye lens-specific protein found at the junctions of lens fiber cells, where it may contribute to cell junctional organization. It acts as a receptor for calmodulin, and may play an important role in both lens development and cataractogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with cataract formation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 pseudogene

secretory carrier membrane protein 1 pseudogene

sialidase 3 (membrane sialidase)

This gene product belongs to a family of glycohydrolytic enzymes which remove sialic acid residues from glycoproteins and glycolipids. It is localized in the plasma membrane, and its activity is specific for gangliosides. It may play a role in modulating the ganglioside content of the lipid bilayer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast) pseudogene

serine-rich single-pass membrane protein 1

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 10 like 2B

POM121 membrane glycoprotein pseudogene

mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1

Involved in cristae formation. Located in mitochondrion. Part of MIB complex; MICOS complex; and SAM complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 5

MARCH5 is a ubiquitin ligase of the mitochondrial outer membrane that plays a role in the control of mitochondrial morphology by regulating mitofusin-2 (MFN2; MIM 608507) and DRP1 (DNM1L; MIM 603850) (Nakamura et al., 2006 [PubMed 16936636]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 4, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

MARCH4 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH4 reduces surface accumulation of several membrane glycoproteins by directing them to the endosomal compartment (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 7, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

MARCH7 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH proteins add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 6, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

This gene encodes a member of a family of membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligases containing RING-CH-type zinc finger motifs. Ubiquitination of type II deiodinase by the encoded protein is an important regulatory step in thyroid hormone signalling. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

MARCH1 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH proteins add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH1 downregulates the surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (see MIM 142880) and other glycoproteins by directing them to the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]; Thibodeau et al., 2008 [PubMed 18389477]; De Gassart et al., 2008 [PubMed 18305173]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 3, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family. The encoded protein is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may be involved in regulation of the endosomal transport pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

MARCH2 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH2 reduces surface accumulation of several glycoproteins and appears to regulate early endosome-to-trans-Golgi network (TGN) trafficking (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]; Nakamura et al., 2005 [PubMed 15689499]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 9

MARCH9 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH9 induces internalization of several membrane glycoproteins and directs them to the endosomal compartment (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]; Hoer et al., 2007 [PubMed 17174307]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 8, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

MARCH8 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH8 induces the internalization of several membrane glycoproteins (Goto et al., 2003 [PubMed 12582153]; Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2

Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2 is an ATP-binding protein which may regulate the association of protein 3 with ankyrin. It probably has a role in erythrocyte shape and mechanical property regulation. Mutations in the EPB42 gene are associated with recessive spherocytic elliptocytosis and recessively transmitted hereditary hemolytic anemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1

The protein encoded by this gene, together with spectrin and actin, constitute the red cell membrane cytoskeletal network. This complex plays a critical role in erythrocyte shape and deformability. Mutations in this gene are associated with type 1 elliptocytosis (EL1). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

protein kinase, membrane associated tyrosine/threonine 1

This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein is a membrane-associated kinase that negatively regulates the G2/M transition of the cell cycle by phosphorylating and inactivating cyclin-dependent kinase 1. The activity of the encoded protein is regulated by polo-like kinase 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

ER membrane protein complex subunit 10

Contributes to membrane insertase activity. Involved in positive regulation of angiogenesis; positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; and protein insertion into ER membrane. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane and extracellular region. Part of EMC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog (yeast)-like

Predicted to enable mitochondrion targeting sequence binding activity. Predicted to contribute to protein transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in protein import into mitochondrial matrix and tRNA import into mitochondrion. Predicted to be located in mitochondrial outer membrane. Predicted to be part of mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane primary amine oxidase-like

Bet1 golgi vesicular membrane trafficking protein pseudogene 1

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 6 homolog (yeast) pseudogene

succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein pseudogene 7

succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein pseudogene 6

succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein pseudogene 5

succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein pseudogene 4

succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein pseudogene 3

succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein pseudogene 2

succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein pseudogene 1

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (yeast) pseudogene

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 4A

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features, similar intron/exon splice boundaries, and display unique expression patterns in hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 4E

Most MS4A genes, including MS4A4E, encode proteins with at least 4 potential transmembrane domains and N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains encoded by distinct exons.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

epithelial membrane protein 2 pseudogene

inner membrane protein, mitochondrial

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in cristae formation. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. Part of MICOS complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

golgi membrane protein 1 pseudogene

inner membrane protein, mitochondrial (mitofilin) pseudogene 1

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 5 homolog (yeast) pseudogene

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 homolog (yeast)

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that mediates the transport of transit peptide-containing proteins across the membrane. Multiple transcript variants, one protein-coding and others not protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 22 homolog (yeast)

Multipass transmembrane proteins are brought into mitochondria and inserted into the mitochondrial inner membrane by way of the TIM22 complex. This complex has six subunits and is a twin-pore translocase. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of TIM22 and represents the voltage-activated and signal-gated channel. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

X-prolyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase P) 2, membrane-bound

Aminopeptidase P is a hydrolase specific for N-terminal imido bonds, which are common to several collagen degradation products, neuropeptides, vasoactive peptides, and cytokines. Structurally, the enzyme is a member of the 'pita bread fold' family and occurs in mammalian tissues in both soluble and GPI-anchored membrane-bound forms. A membrane-bound and soluble form of this enzyme have been identified as products of two separate genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17 homolog B (yeast)

This gene encodes a multipass transmembrane protein that forms an integral component of the mitochondrial translocase TIM23 complex. This complex facilitates the transport of mitochondrial proteins from the cytosol across the mitochondrial inner membrane and into the mitochondrion. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17 homolog A (yeast)

Predicted to contribute to protein transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in protein import into mitochondrial matrix. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane and nucleoplasm. Part of TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 6E

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. The gene encoding this protein is localized to 11q12.3, among a cluster of family members. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mast cell-expressed membrane protein 1

This gene encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein. Based on its expression pattern, it is speculated to be involved in regulating mast cell differentiation or immune responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

VCP-interacting membrane selenoprotein

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is involved in the degradation process of misfolded proteins in the ER, and may also have a role in inflammation control. This protein is a selenoprotein, containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Two additional phylogenetically conserved stem-loop structures (Stem-loop 1 and Stem-loop 2) in the 3' UTR of this mRNA have been shown to function as modulators of Sec insertion. An alternatively spliced transcript variant, lacking the SECIS element and encoding a non-Sec containing shorter isoform, has been described for this gene (PMID:23614019). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

IMP1 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae)

The mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase (IMP) complex generates mature, active proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space by proteolytically removing the mitochondrial targeting presequence of nuclear-encoded proteins. IMP1 and IMP2 (IMMP2L; MIM 605977) are the catalytic subunits of the IMP complex (Burri et al., 2005 [PubMed 15814844]).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2008]

phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, membrane-associated 1

PITPNM1 belongs to a family of membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer domain-containing proteins that share homology with the Drosophila retinal degeneration B (rdgB) protein (Ocaka et al., 2005 [PubMed 15627748]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, membrane-associated 2

PITPNM2 belongs to a family of membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer domain-containing proteins that share homology with the Drosophila retinal degeneration B (rdgB) protein (Ocaka et al., 2005 [PubMed 15627748]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 5 homolog (yeast) pseudogene

solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; peroxisomal membrane protein, 34kDa), member 17

This gene encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein that belongs to the family of mitochondrial solute carriers. It is expressed in the liver, and is likely involved in transport. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

small integral membrane protein 7 pseudogene

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3) pseudogene 2

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3) pseudogene 1

membrane magnesium transporter 1

Contributes to membrane insertase activity. Involved in protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence and tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Part of EMC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 34

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the import of precursor proteins into mitochondria. The encoded protein has a chaperone-like activity, binding the mature portion of unfolded proteins and aiding their import into mitochondria. This protein, which is found in the cytoplasm and sometimes associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane, has a weak ATPase activity and contains 6 TPR repeats. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8B pseudogene 2

small integral membrane protein 10 like 2A

This gene encodes a highly conserved small protein that contains a conserved motif (DUF4560) and may function as an integral membrane protein. This transcript was also shown to associate with enhancer chromatin and therefore may also function as an RNA to regulate enhancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

SLP adaptor and CSK interacting membrane protein

This gene encodes a transmembrane adaptor protein that is expressed in antigen-presenting cells and is localized in the immunologic synapse. The encoded protein is involved in major histocompatibility complex class II signal transduction and immune synapse formation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 13 homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a member of the evolutionarily conserved TIMM (translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane) family of proteins that function as chaperones in the import of proteins from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Proteins of this family play a role in collecting substrate proteins from the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex and delivering them to either the sorting and assembly machinery in the outer mitochondrial membrane (SAM) complex or the TIMM22 complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein and the translocase of mitochondrial inner membrane 8a protein form a 70 kDa complex in the intermembrane space. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 homolog (yeast)

The mitochondrial protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are organized in heterooligomeric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. These proteins mediate the import and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane, functioning as intermembrane space chaperones for the highly insoluble carrier proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 21 homolog (yeast)

Involved in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly; mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly; and protein import into mitochondrial matrix. Located in mitochondrion. Part of TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 13

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IMP1 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 2

cytochrome b5 type B (outer mitochondrial membrane)

Enables heme binding activity. Contributes to nitrite reductase (NO-forming) activity. Involved in nitric oxide biosynthetic process. Located in membrane. Part of nitric-oxide synthase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8 homolog A (yeast) pseudogene 1

progesterone receptor membrane component 2

Enables heme binding activity. Involved in adipose tissue development. Located in endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

progesterone receptor membrane component 1

This gene encodes a putative membrane-associated progesterone steroid receptor. The protein is expressed predominantly in the liver and kidney. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) pseudogene

membrane frizzled-related protein

This gene encodes a member of the frizzled-related protein family. The encoded protein plays an important role in eye development and mutations in this gene have been associated with nanophthalmos, posterior microphthalmia, retinitis pigmentosa, foveoschisis, and optic disc drusen. The protein is encoded by a bicistronic transcript which also encodes C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 5 (C1QTNF5). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

mitochondrial inner membrane protease subunit 1 pseudogene

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 homolog B (yeast)

Predicted to enable protein transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in protein import into mitochondrial matrix. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 5

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. Though this member is not expressed in hematopoietic cells specifically, it may be involved in signal transduction like many of its related family members. The gene encoding this protein is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of family members. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 3 (hematopoietic cell-specific)

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This family member likely plays a role in signal transduction and may function as a subunit associated with receptor complexes. The gene encoding this protein is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of related family members. Alternative splicing may result in multiple transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase-3) pseudogene

membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 3

Predicted to enable frizzled binding activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of JUN kinase activity. Located in cell junction. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2

The protein encoded by this gene interacts with atrophin-1. Atrophin-1 contains a polyglutamine repeat, expansion of which is responsible for dentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy. This encoded protein is characterized by two WW domains, a guanylate kinase-like domain, and multiple PDZ domains. It has structural similarity to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologue (MAGUK) family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologue (MAGUK) family. MAGUK proteins participate in the assembly of multiprotein complexes on the inner surface of the plasma membrane at regions of cell-cell contact. The product of this gene may play a role as scaffolding protein at cell-cell junctions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

secretory carrier membrane protein 4

Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are widely distributed integral membrane proteins implicated in membrane trafficking. Most SCAMPs (e.g., SCAMP1; MIM 606911) have N-terminal cytoplasmic NPF (arg-pro-phe) repeats, 4 central transmembrane regions, and a short C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. These SCAMPs likely have a role in endocytosis that is mediated by their NPF repeats. Other SCAMPs, such as SCAMP4, lack the NPF repeats and are therefore unlikely to function in endocytosis (summary by Fernandez-Chacon and Sudhof, 2000 [PubMed 11050114]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011]

secretory carrier membrane protein 5

Involved in positive regulation of cytokine production; regulation of vesicle-mediated transport; and response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Located in Golgi apparatus; plasma membrane; and recycling endosome membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

secretory carrier membrane protein 2

This gene product belongs to the SCAMP family of proteins which are secretory carrier membrane proteins. They function as carriers to the cell surface in post-golgi recycling pathways. Different family members are highly related products of distinct genes, and are usually expressed together. These findings suggest that the SCAMPs may function at the same site during vesicular transport rather than in separate pathways. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

secretory carrier membrane protein 3

This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that belongs to the secretory carrier membrane protein family. The encoded protein functions as a carrier to the cell surface in post-golgi recycling pathways. This protein is also involved in protein trafficking in endosomal pathways. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

secretory carrier membrane protein 1

This gene product belongs to the SCAMP family of proteins, which are secretory carrier membrane proteins. They function as carriers to the cell surface in post-golgi recycling pathways. Different family members are highly related products of distinct genes, and are usually expressed together. These findings suggest that these protein family members may function at the same site during vesicular transport rather than in separate pathways. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

golgi membrane protein 1

The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is a type II Golgi transmembrane protein. It processes proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and assists in the transport of protein cargo through the Golgi apparatus. The expression of this gene has been observed to be upregulated in response to viral infection. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene

DNA associated with cytoplasmic membrane

integral membrane glycoprotein-like

Bet1 golgi vesicular membrane trafficking protein-like

Enables SNAP receptor activity. Involved in regulation of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER and retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi. Located in Golgi apparatus and endosome. Implicated in uterine fibroid. Biomarker of endometrial adenocarcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

selectin P (granule membrane protein 140kDa, antigen CD62)

This gene encodes a 140 kDa protein that is stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. This protein redistributes to the plasma membrane during platelet activation and degranulation and mediates the interaction of activated endothelial cells or platelets with leukocytes. The membrane protein is a calcium-dependent receptor that binds to sialylated forms of Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigens on neutrophils and monocytes. Alternative splice variants may occur but are not well documented. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70

This gene encodes an import receptor of the outer mitochondrial membrane that is part of the translocase of the outer membrane complex. This protein is involved in the import of mitochondrial precursor proteins. The protein interacts with the SARS-CoV and SARS-Cov-2 ORF9b proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2021]

ATP synthase membrane subunit j

Predicted to be involved in proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase membrane subunit k

Predicted to be involved in proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. Part of proton-transporting ATP synthase complex. Implicated in mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 6. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase peripheral stalk-membrane subunit b

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the b subunit of the proton channel. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase membrane subunit e

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the e subunit of the Fo complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

golgi membrane protein 2

The increased expression level of this gene is associated with HER-2/neu proto-oncogene overexpression. Amplification and resulting overexpression of this proto-oncogene are found in approximately 30% of human breast and 20% of human ovarian cancers. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 29

Enables protein transporter activity. Involved in protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane and mitochondrial intermembrane space. Part of TIM22 mitochondrial import inner membrane insertion complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase membrane subunit g

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the g subunit of the Fo complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

distal membrane arm assembly component 2 like

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. This gene encodes the subunit s, also known as factor B, of the proton channel. This subunit is necessary for the energy transduction activity of the ATP synthase complexes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase membrane subunit f

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of five different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and single representatives of the gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The proton channel likely has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the f subunit of the Fo complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. Naturally occurring read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream pentatricopeptide repeat domain 1 (PTCD1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

nuclear envelope integral membrane protein 1

Involved in nuclear membrane organization. Predicted to be located in nuclear inner membrane. Predicted to be active in nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 1

MARCH1 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH proteins add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH1 downregulates the surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (see MIM 142880) and other glycoproteins by directing them to the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]; Thibodeau et al., 2008 [PubMed 18389477]; De Gassart et al., 2008 [PubMed 18305173]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010]

distal membrane arm assembly component 2

Involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 7

MARCH7 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH proteins add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 6

This gene encodes a member of a family of membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligases containing RING-CH-type zinc finger motifs. Ubiquitination of type II deiodinase by the encoded protein is an important regulatory step in thyroid hormone signalling. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

small integral membrane protein 26

Enables protein kinase binding activity and transmembrane transporter binding activity. Located in mitochondrial outer membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nuclear envelope integral membrane protein 2

Predicted to be located in nuclear inner membrane. Predicted to be active in nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 5

MARCH5 is a ubiquitin ligase of the mitochondrial outer membrane that plays a role in the control of mitochondrial morphology by regulating mitofusin-2 (MFN2; MIM 608507) and DRP1 (DNM1L; MIM 603850) (Nakamura et al., 2006 [PubMed 16936636]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

small integral membrane protein 41

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 36

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 33

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 40

Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 38

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 3

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family. The encoded protein is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may be involved in regulation of the endosomal transport pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8

MARCH8 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH8 induces the internalization of several membrane glycoproteins (Goto et al., 2003 [PubMed 12582153]; Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 1

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene is one of three genes that encode subunit c of the proton channel. Each of the three genes have distinct mitochondrial import sequences but encode the identical mature protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 2

MARCH2 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH2 reduces surface accumulation of several glycoproteins and appears to regulate early endosome-to-trans-Golgi network (TGN) trafficking (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]; Nakamura et al., 2005 [PubMed 15689499]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010]

ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 2

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and single representatives of the gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The proton channel likely has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). There are three separate genes which encode subunit c of the proton channel and they specify precursors with different import sequences but identical mature proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is one of three precursors of subunit c. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2018]

ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 3

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene is one of three genes that encode subunit c of the proton channel. Each of the three genes have distinct mitochondrial import sequences but encode the identical mature protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different proteins have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

small integral membrane protein 27

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane integral NOTCH2 associated receptor 1

Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of TOR signaling; negative regulation of angiogenesis; and negative regulation of protein ubiquitination. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 10

MARCH10 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments (Morokuma et al., 2007 [PubMed 17604280]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

membrane integral NOTCH2 associated receptor 2

Enables cholesterol binding activity. Involved in angiogenesis. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. Implicated in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 29

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

distal membrane arm assembly component 1

Involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 9

MARCH9 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH9 induces internalization of several membrane glycoproteins and directs them to the endosomal compartment (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]; Hoer et al., 2007 [PubMed 17174307]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

ATP synthase membrane subunit g like

Predicted to enable proton transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to contribute to proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism. Predicted to be involved in proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane anchored junction protein

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis and meiotic attachment of telomere to nuclear envelope. Predicted to act upstream of or within double-strand break repair involved in meiotic recombination; oogenesis; and spermatogenesis. Predicted to be located in chromosome, telomeric region. Predicted to be active in nuclear inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 11

MARCH11 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). These enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their intracellular transport. March11 appears to have a role in ubiquitin-mediated protein sorting in the trans-Golgi network (TGN)-multivesicular body (MVB) transport pathway (Morokuma et al., 2007 [PubMed 17604280]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

small integral membrane protein 31

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 35

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 43

Enables transmembrane transporter binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mesendoderm development. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 45

Involved in neuron maturation. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 4

MARCH4 is a member of the MARCH family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases (EC 6.3.2.19). MARCH enzymes add ubiquitin (see MIM 191339) to target lysines in substrate proteins, thereby signaling their vesicular transport between membrane compartments. MARCH4 reduces surface accumulation of several membrane glycoproteins by directing them to the endosomal compartment (Bartee et al., 2004 [PubMed 14722266]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

small integral membrane protein 30

Involved in negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane and mitochondrial membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 44

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 42

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 47

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 32

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 34B

small integral membrane protein 39

small integral membrane protein 10 like 3

small integral membrane protein 46

mitochondrial inner membrane scaffold 2

mitochondrial inner membrane scaffold 1

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

fertilization-influencing membrane protein 1

Predicted to be involved in fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DPM1 ER membrane anchor 1

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mitochondrial inner membrane subdomain organizer 1

Involved in negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade and regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity. Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]