Harmonizome 3.0

nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible pseudogene

nitric oxide synthase interacting protein

The protein encoded by this gene may modulate the activity and localization of nitric oxide synthase (endothelial and neuronal) and thus nitric oxide production. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of nitric oxide synthases, which synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical, which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission, and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, nitric oxide displays many properties of a neurotransmitter, and has been implicated in neurotoxicity associated with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis, and penile erection. This protein is ubiquitously expressed, with high level of expression in skeletal muscle. Multiple transcript variants that differ in the 5' UTR have been described for this gene but the full-length nature of these transcripts is not known. Additionally, alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (some testis-specific) have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible

Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. This gene encodes a nitric oxide synthase which is expressed in liver and is inducible by a combination of lipopolysaccharide and certain cytokines. Three related pseudogenes are located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell)

Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. Nitric oxide is synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthases. Variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to coronary spasm. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

nitric oxide synthase 2 pseudogene 3

nitric oxide associated 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear-encoded GTPase that functions in the mitochondrion. Upon translation, this protein is imported into the nucleus and then into the nucleolus before being exported to the mitochondrion. The encoded protein is required for oxygen-ng>dependentng> regulation of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and for mitochondrial protein synthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

nitric oxide synthase 2 pseudogene 1

nitric oxide synthase 2 pseudogene 2

nitric oxide synthase 2 pseudogene 4

nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein

This gene encodes a cytosolic protein that binds to the signaling molecule, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). This protein has a C-terminal PDZ-binding domain that mediates interactions with nNOS and an N-terminal phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain that binds to the small monomeric G protein, Dexras1. Studies of the related mouse and rat proteins have shown that this protein functions as an adapter protein linking nNOS to specific targets, such as Dexras1 and the synapsins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

nitric oxide synthase trafficking pseudogene

nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible pseudogene

nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible pseudogene

nitric oxide synthase trafficking

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent mediator in biologic processes such as neurotransmission, inflammatory response, and vascular homeostasis. NOSTRIN binds the enzyme responsible for NO production, endothelial NO synthase (ENOS; MIM 163729), and triggers the translocation of ENOS from the plasma membrane to vesicle-like subcellular structures, thereby attenuating ENOS-ng>dependentng> NO production.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

Ca++-ng>dependentng> secretion activator 2

This gene encodes a member of the calcium-ng>dependentng> activator of secretion (CAPS) protein family, which are calcium binding proteins that regulate the exocytosis of synaptic and dense-core vesicles in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Mutations in this gene may contribute to autism susceptibility. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

ADP-ng>dependentng> glucokinase

ADPGK (EC 2.7.1.147) catalyzes the ADP-ng>dependentng> phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and may play a role in glycolysis, possibly during ischemic conditions (Ronimus and Morgan, 2004 [PubMed 14975750]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

protein kinase, cAMP-ng>dependentng>, regulatory, type II, alpha

cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-ng>dependentng> protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. It may interact with various A-kinase anchoring proteins and determine the subcellular localization of cAMP-ng>dependentng> protein kinase. This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protein kinase, cAMP-ng>dependentng>, regulatory, type II, beta

cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-ng>dependentng> protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. This subunit has been shown to interact with and suppress the transcriptional activity of the cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) in activated T cells. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this subunit may play an important role in regulating energy balance and adiposity. The studies also suggest that this subunit may mediate the gene induction and cataleptic behavior induced by haloperidol. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase kinase 2, beta

The product of this gene belongs to the Serine/Threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase subfamily. The major isoform of this gene plays a role in the calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> (CaM) kinase cascade by phosphorylating the downstream kinases CaMK1 and CaMK4. Protein products of this gene also phosphorylate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This gene has its strongest expression in the brain and influences signalling cascades involved with learning and memory, neuronal differentiation and migration, neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. The identified isoforms differ in their ability to undergo autophosphorylation and to phosphorylate downstream kinases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase kinase 1, alpha

The product of this gene belongs to the Serine/Threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase subfamily. This protein plays a role in the calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> (CaM) kinase cascade. Three transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ligand ng>dependentng> nuclear receptor interacting factor 1

Predicted to enable nuclear retinoic acid receptor binding activity. Involved in dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome. Located in centriolar satellite; chromosome, telomeric region; and nuclear lumen. Implicated in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 3. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 1

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 2

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 4

VDAC4 belongs to a family of small, abundant pore-forming proteins found in the outer mitochondrial membrane. These channels are thought to form the major pathway for movement of adenine nucleotides through the outer membrane and may also function as the mitochondrial binding site for hexokinase (see HK1; MIM 142600) and glycerol kinase (GK; MIM 300474) (Blachly-Dyson et al., 1994 [PubMed 7517385]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 5

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 6

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 7

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 9

nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase substrate 1

This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is highly conserved in vertebrates. The conserved regions of the protein contain several consensus phosphorylation sites for casein kinase II and cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinases, two putative nuclear localization signals, and a basic DNA-binding domain. It is phosphorylated in vivo by Cdk1 during mitosis of the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin ng>dependentng> regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 5

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 2 associated protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 2 associated protein 2

This gene encodes a protein that interacts with cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 2 associated protein 1. Pseudogenes associated with this gene are located on chromosomes 7 and 9. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin ng>dependentng> regulator of chromatin, subfamily c, member 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-ng>dependentng> chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and contains a predicted leucine zipper motif typical of many transcription factors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin ng>dependentng> regulator of chromatin, subfamily c, member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-ng>dependentng> chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and contains a predicted leucine zipper motif typical of many transcription factors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

3-phosphoinositide ng>dependentng> protein kinase 2, pseudogene

Predicted to enable protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in intracellular signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 2-associated protein 1 pseudogene

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 2-associated protein 1 pseudogene

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 7 pseudogene

nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase substrate 1-like

nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-ng>dependentng> 1

The product of this gene is a component of the nuclear factor of activated T cells DNA-binding transcription complex. This complex consists of at least two components: a preexisting cytosolic component that translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, and an inducible nuclear component. Proteins belonging to this family of transcription factors play a central role in inducible gene transcription during immune response. The product of this gene is an inducible nuclear component. It functions as a major molecular target for the immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin A. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Different isoforms of this protein may regulate inducible expression of different cytokine genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-ng>dependentng> 2

This gene is a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family. The product of this gene is a DNA-binding protein with a REL-homology region (RHR) and an NFAT-homology region (NHR). This protein is present in the cytosol and only translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, where it becomes a member of the nuclear factors of activated T cells transcription complex. This complex plays a central role in inducing gene transcription during the immune response. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-ng>dependentng> 4

This gene encodes a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) protein family. The encoded protein is part of a DNA-binding transcription complex. This complex consists of at least two components: a preexisting cytosolic component that translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor stimulation and an inducible nuclear component. NFAT proteins are activated by the calmodulin-ng>dependentng> phosphatase, calcineurin. The encoded protein plays a role in the inducible expression of cytokine genes in T cells, especially in the induction of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 20

The protein encoded by this gene contains a kinase domain most closely related to the cyclin-ng>dependentng> protein kinases. The encoded kinase may activate cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 2 and is involved in cell growth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

protein kinase (cAMP-ng>dependentng>, catalytic) inhibitor gamma

This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase inhibitor family. Studies of a similar protein in mice suggest that this protein acts as a potent competitive cAMP-ng>dependentng> protein kinase inhibitor, and is a predominant form of inhibitor in various tissues. The encoded protein may be involved in osteogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

protein kinase (cAMP-ng>dependentng>, catalytic) inhibitor alpha

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cAMP-ng>dependentng> protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor family. This protein was demonstrated to interact with and inhibit the activities of both C alpha and C beta catalytic subunits of the PKA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protein kinase (cAMP-ng>dependentng>, catalytic) inhibitor beta

This gene encodes a member of the cAMP-ng>dependentng> protein kinase inhibitor family. The encoded protein may play a role in the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway by interacting with the catalytic subunit of PKA, and overexpression of this gene may play a role in prostate cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 3

host cell factor C1 regulator 1 (XPO1 ng>dependentng>)

Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 8

FAD-ng>dependentng> oxidoreductase domain containing 2

Enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding activity. Involved in ERAD pathway. Located in endoplasmic reticulum lumen. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

FAD-ng>dependentng> oxidoreductase domain containing 1

This gene encodes a protein that contains a FAD-ng>dependentng> oxidoreductase domain. The encoded protein is localized to the mitochondria and may function as a chaperone protein required for the function of mitochondrial complex I. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

SWI5-ng>dependentng> recombination repair 1

Enables nuclear receptor coactivator activity. Involved in cellular response to estrogen stimulus; double-strand break repair via homologous recombination; and positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in centrosome; nucleolus; and nucleoplasm. Part of Swi5-Sfr1 complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C2 calcium-ng>dependentng> domain containing 4A

Involved in positive regulation of acute inflammatory response; regulation of cell adhesion; and regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response. Located in nucleolus and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C2 calcium-ng>dependentng> domain containing 4B

Involved in positive regulation of acute inflammatory response; regulation of cell adhesion; and regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C2 calcium-ng>dependentng> domain containing 4C

Predicted to be active in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C2 calcium-ng>dependentng> domain containing 4D

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase inhibitor 3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the dual specificity protein phosphatase family. It was identified as a cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase inhibitor, and has been shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate CDK2 kinase, thus prevent the activation of CDK2 kinase. This gene was reported to be deleted, mutated, or overexpressed in several kinds of cancers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase substrate 1-like

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor) pseudogene

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ ng>dependentng>) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase pseudogene 6

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 11A

This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. Members of this kinase family are known to be essential for eukaryotic cell cycle control. Due to a segmental duplication, this gene shares very high sequence identity with a neighboring gene. These two genes are frequently deleted or altered in neuroblastoma. The protein kinase encoded by this gene can be cleaved by caspases and may play a role in cell apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 11B

This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. Members of this kinase family are known to be essential for eukaryotic cell cycle control. Due to a segmental duplication, this gene shares very high sequence identity with a neighboring gene. These two genes are frequently deleted or altered in neuroblastoma. The protein kinase encoded by this gene can be cleaved by caspases and may play a role in cell apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ ng>dependentng>) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase pseudogene 1

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ ng>dependentng>) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase pseudogene 7

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ ng>dependentng>) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase pseudogene 5

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ ng>dependentng>) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase pseudogene 4

pyridoxal-ng>dependentng> decarboxylase domain containing 1

Enables cadherin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in carboxylic acid metabolic process. Located in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase II delta

The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. In mammalian cells, the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a delta chain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Distinct isoforms of this chain have different expression patterns.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase II gamma

The product of this gene is one of the four subunits of an enzyme which belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. In mammalian cells the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a gamma chain. Many alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described but the full-length nature of all the variants has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase II alpha

The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinases family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinases subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. This calcium calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The alpha chain encoded by this gene is required for hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial learning. In addition to its calcium-calmodulin (CaM)-ng>dependentng> activity, this protein can undergo autophosphorylation, resulting in CaM-inng>dependentng> activity. Several transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2018]

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase II beta

The product of this gene belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. In mammalian cells, the enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The product of this gene is a beta chain. It is possible that distinct isoforms of this chain have different cellular localizations and interact differently with calmodulin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

protein kinase, cAMP-ng>dependentng>, regulatory, type I, alpha pseudogene

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 2 associated protein 2 pseudogene 1

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 2 associated protein 2 pseudogene 3

protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> activator pseudogene 1

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ ng>dependentng>) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase

This gene encodes a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial bifunctional enzyme with methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activities. The enzyme functions as a homodimer and is unique in its absolute requirement for magnesium and inorganic phosphate. Formation of the enzyme-magnesium complex allows binding of NAD. Alternative splicing results in two different transcripts, one protein-coding and the other not protein-coding. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 7. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, alpha 2/delta subunit 1

The preproprotein encoded by this gene is cleaved into multiple chains that comprise the alpha-2 and delta subunits of the voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization. Mutations in this gene can cause cardiac deficiencies, including Brugada syndrome and short QT syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants, some of which may lack the delta subunit portion. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

DEAQ box RNA-ng>dependentng> ATPase 1

Predicted to enable RNA binding activity and helicase activity. Predicted to be involved in DNA duplex unwinding; chromatin looping; and chromatin remodeling. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

renalase, FAD-ng>dependentng> amine oxidase

Enables several functions, including NADH binding activity; epinephrine binding activity; and monoamine oxidase activity. Involved in negative regulation of blood pressure and negative regulation of heart rate. Located in extracellular region. Implicated in essential hypertension and hypertension. Biomarker of end stage renal disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-ng>dependentng>

phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-ng>dependentng> Rac exchange factor 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3)-ng>dependentng> Rac exchanger (PREX) family, which are Dbl-type guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for Rac family small G proteins. Structural domains of this protein include the catalytic diffuse B-cell lymphoma homology and pleckstrin homology (DHPH) domain, two disheveled, EGL-10, and pleckstrin homology (DEP) domains, two PDZ domains, and a C-terminal inositol polyphosphate-4 phosphatase (IP4P) domain that is found in one of the isoforms. This protein facilitates the exchange of GDP for GTP on Rac1, allowing the GTP-bound Rac1 to activate downstream effectors. Studies also show that the pleckstrin homology domain of this protein interacts with the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene product to inhibit PTEN phosphatase activity, thus activating the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Conversely, the PTEN gene product has also been shown to inhibit the GEF activity of this protein. This gene plays a role in insulin-signaling pathways, and either mutations or overexpression of this gene have been observed in some cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-ng>dependentng> Rac exchange factor 1

The protein encoded by this gene acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the RHO family of small GTP-binding proteins (RACs). It has been shown to bind to and activate RAC1 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. The encoded protein, which is found mainly in the cytoplasm, is activated by phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and the beta-gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 13 (sodium-ng>dependentng> dicarboxylate transporter), member 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a sodium-coupled citrate transporter that is regulated by the chaperone activity of cyclophilin b. The encoded protein may play a role in the formation of kidney stones. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

solute carrier family 13 (sodium-ng>dependentng> dicarboxylate transporter), member 3

Mammalian sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporters transport succinate and other Krebs cycle intermediates. They fall into 2 categories based on their substrate affinity: low affinity and high affinity. Both the low- and high-affinity transporters play an important role in the handling of citrate by the kidneys. The protein encoded by this gene represents the high-affinity form. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, although the full-length nature of some of them have not been characterized yet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 13 (sodium-ng>dependentng> citrate transporter), member 5

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the solute carrier family 13 group of proteins. This family member is a sodium-ng>dependentng> citrate cotransporter that may regulate metabolic processes. Mutations in this gene cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 25. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]

activity-ng>dependentng> neuroprotector homeobox

Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a neuroprotective factor that has a stimulatory effect on the growth of some tumor cells and an inhibitory effect on others. This gene encodes a protein that is upregulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide and may be involved in its stimulatory effect on certain tumor cells. The encoded protein contains one homeobox and nine zinc finger domains, suggesting that it functions as a transcription factor. This gene is also upregulated in normal proliferative tissues. Finally, the encoded protein may increase the viability of certain cell types through modulation of p53 activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protein kinase, cAMP-ng>dependentng>, catalytic, gamma

Cyclic AMP-ng>dependentng> protein kinase (PKA) consists of two catalytic subunits and a regulatory subunit dimer. This gene encodes the gamma form of its catalytic subunit. The gene is intronless and is thought to be a retrotransposon derived from the gene for the alpha form of the PKA catalytic subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protein kinase, cAMP-ng>dependentng>, catalytic, alpha

This gene encodes one of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A, which exists as a tetrameric holoenzyme with two regulatory subunits and two catalytic subunits, in its inactive form. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. cAMP-ng>dependentng> phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinase A is important to many cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Constitutive activation of this gene caused either by somatic mutations, or genomic duplications of regions that include this gene, have been associated with hyperplasias and adenomas of the adrenal cortex and are linked to corticotropin-inng>dependentng> Cushing's syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Tissue-specific isoforms that differ at the N-terminus have been described, and these isoforms may differ in the post-translational modifications that occur at the N-terminus of some isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

protein kinase, cAMP-ng>dependentng>, catalytic, beta

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein is a catalytic subunit of cAMP (cyclic AMP)-ng>dependentng> protein kinase, which mediates signalling though cAMP. cAMP signaling is important to a number of processes, including cell proliferaton and differentiation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> activator pseudogene

protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> activator pseudogene

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 2 associated protein 2 pseudogene

malic enzyme 2, NAD(+)-ng>dependentng>, mitochondrial pseudogene 1

glycosylation ng>dependentng> cell adhesion molecule 1 (pseudogene)

Predicted to enable cell adhesion molecule binding activity and sulfate binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within response to bacterium. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor)

Predicted to enable several functions, including DNA binding activity; metal ion binding activity; and protein dimerization activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of cell population proliferation and signal transduction. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-ng>dependentng> 2 interacting protein

Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

malic enzyme 3, NADP(+)-ng>dependentng>, mitochondrial

Malic enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate using either NAD+ or NADP+ as a cofactor. Mammalian tissues contain 3 distinct isoforms of malic enzyme: a cytosolic NADP(+)-ng>dependentng> isoform, a mitochondrial NADP(+)-ng>dependentng> isoform, and a mitochondrial NAD(+)-ng>dependentng> isoform. This gene encodes a mitochondrial NADP(+)-ng>dependentng> isoform. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

malic enzyme 2, NAD(+)-ng>dependentng>, mitochondrial

This gene encodes a mitochondrial NAD-ng>dependentng> malic enzyme, a homotetrameric protein, that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate. It had previously been weakly linked to a syndrome known as Friedreich ataxia that has since been shown to be the result of mutation in a completely different gene. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes of this gene have been shown to increase the risk for idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-ng>dependentng>)

This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin ng>dependentng> regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is part of the large ATP-ng>dependentng> chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. The encoded protein, either alone or when in the SWI/SNF complex, can bind to 4-way junction DNA, which is thought to mimic the topology of DNA as it enters or exits the nucleosome. The protein contains a DNA-binding HMG domain, but disruption of this domain does not abolish the DNA-binding or nucleosome-displacement activities of the SWI/SNF complex. Unlike most of the SWI/SNF complex proteins, this protein has no yeast counterpart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ligase IV, DNA, ATP-ng>dependentng>

The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA ligase that joins single-strand breaks in a double-stranded polydeoxynucleotide in an ATP-ng>dependentng> reaction. This protein is essential for V(D)J recombination and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). This protein forms a complex with the X-ray repair cross complementing protein 4 (XRCC4), and further interacts with the DNA-ng>dependentng> protein kinase (DNA-PK). Both XRCC4 and DNA-PK are known to be required for NHEJ. The crystal structure of the complex formed by this protein and XRCC4 has been resolved. Defects in this gene are the cause of LIG4 syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ligase I, DNA, ATP-ng>dependentng>

This gene encodes a member of the ATP-ng>dependentng> DNA ligase protein family. The encoded protein functions in DNA replication, recombination, and the base excision repair process. Mutations in this gene that lead to DNA ligase I deficiency result in immunodeficiency and increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Disruption of this gene may also be associated with a variety of cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

ligase III, DNA, ATP-ng>dependentng>

This gene is a member of the DNA ligase family. Each member of this family encodes a protein that catalyzes the joining of DNA ends but they each have a distinct role in DNA metabolism. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in excision repair and is located in both the mitochondria and nucleus, with translation initiation from the upstream start codon allowing for transport to the mitochondria and translation initiation from a downstream start codon allowing for transport to the nucleus. Additionally, alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

reprimo, TP53 ng>dependentng> G2 arrest mediator candidate

Predicted to be involved in regulation of mitotic cell cycle. Predicted to act upstream of or within regulation of cell cycle. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

protein kinase, cGMP-ng>dependentng>, type I

Mammals have three different isoforms of cyclic GMP-ng>dependentng> protein kinase (Ialpha, Ibeta, and II). These PRKG isoforms act as key mediators of the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway and are important components of many signal transduction processes in diverse cell types. This PRKG1 gene on human chromosome 10 encodes the soluble Ialpha and Ibeta isoforms of PRKG by alternative transcript splicing. A separate gene on human chromosome 4, PRKG2, encodes the membrane-bound PRKG isoform II. The PRKG1 proteins play a central role in regulating cardiovascular and neuronal functions in addition to relaxing smooth muscle tone, preventing platelet aggregation, and modulating cell growth. This gene is most strongly expressed in all types of smooth muscle, platelets, cerebellar Purkinje cells, hippocampal neurons, and the lateral amygdala. Isoforms Ialpha and Ibeta have identical cGMP-binding and catalytic domains but differ in their leucine/isoleucine zipper and autoinhibitory sequences and therefore differ in their dimerization substrates and kinase enzyme activity. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

protein kinase, cGMP-ng>dependentng>, type II

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family of proteins. The encoded protein binds to and inhibits the activation of several receptor tyrosine kinases. The membrane-bound protein is a regulator of intestinal secretion, bone growth and renin secretion. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms whose regulatory N-termini differ in length but whose C-terminal catalytic domains are identical. [provided by RefSeq, May 2018]

NADPH ng>dependentng> diflavin oxidoreductase 1

This gene encodes an NADPH-ng>dependentng> diflavin reductase that contains both flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding domains. The encoded protein catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADPH through FAD and FMN cofactors to potential redox partners. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 8 pseudogene

protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> activator

This gene encodes a protein kinase activated by double-stranded RNA which mediates the effects of interferon in response to viral infection. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dystonia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, alpha 2/delta subunit 2

Calcium channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization. This gene encodes the alpha-2/delta subunit of the voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel complex. The complex consists of the main channel-forming subunit alpha-1, and auxiliary subunits alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma. The auxiliary subunits function in the assembly and membrane localization of the complex, and modulate calcium currents and channel activation/inactivation kinetics. The subunit encoded by this gene undergoes post-translational cleavage to yield the extracellular alpha2 peptide and a membrane-anchored delta polypeptide. This subunit is a receptor for the antiepileptic drug, gabapentin. Mutations in this gene are associated with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are correlated with increased sensitivity to opioid drugs. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, alpha 2/delta subunit 3

This gene encodes a member of the alpha-2/delta subunit family, a protein in the voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Various versions of each of these subunits exist, either expressed from similar genes or the result of alternative splicing. Research on a highly similar protein in rabbit suggests the protein described in this record is cleaved into alpha-2 and delta subunits. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, alpha 2/delta subunit 4

This gene encodes a member of the alpha-2/delta subunit family, a protein in the voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Various versions of each of these subunits exist, either expressed from similar genes or the result of alternative splicing. Research on a highly similar protein in rabbit suggests the protein described in this record is cleaved into alpha-2 and delta subunits. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

non-insulin-ng>dependentng> diabetes mellitus (common, type 2) 2

Noninsulin-ng>dependentng> diabetes mellitus 3

non-insulin-ng>dependentng> diabetes mellitus (common, type 2) 1

protein kinase, cAMP-ng>dependentng>, regulatory, type I, alpha

cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-ng>dependentng> protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. This gene encodes one of the regulatory subunits. This protein was found to be a tissue-specific extinguisher that down-regulates the expression of seven liver genes in hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids. Mutations in this gene cause Carney complex (CNC). This gene can fuse to the RET protooncogene by gene rearrangement and form the thyroid tumor-specific chimeric oncogene known as PTC2. A nonconventional nuclear localization sequence (NLS) has been found for this protein which suggests a role in DNA replication via the protein serving as a nuclear transport protein for the second subunit of the Replication Factor C (RFC40). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

protein kinase, cAMP-ng>dependentng>, regulatory, type I, beta

The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory subunit of cyclic AMP-ng>dependentng> protein kinase A (PKA), which is involved in the signaling pathway of the second messenger cAMP. Two regulatory and two catalytic subunits form the PKA holoenzyme, disbands after cAMP binding. The holoenzyme is involved in many cellular events, including ion transport, metabolism, and transcription. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> serine protein kinase (MAGUK family)

This gene encodes a calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> serine protein kinase. The encoded protein is a MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase) protein family member. These proteins are scaffold proteins and the encoded protein is located at synapses in the brain. Mutations in this gene are associated with FG syndrome 4, intellectual disability and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia, and a form of X-linked intellectual disability. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

mannose-6-phosphate receptor (cation ng>dependentng>)

This gene encodes a member of the P-type lectin family. P-type lectins play a critical role in lysosome function through the specific transport of mannose-6-phosphate-containing acid hydrolases from the Golgi complex to lysosomes. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and requires divalent cations for ligand binding. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase II inhibitor 2

This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the rat CaM-KII inhibitory protein, an inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase II (CAMKII). CAMKII regulates numerous physiological functions, including neuronal synaptic plasticity through the phosphorylation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate (AMPA) receptors. Studies of the similar protein in rat suggest that this protein may function as a negative regulator of CaM-KII and may act to inhibit the phosphorylation of AMPA receptors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase II inhibitor 1

Predicted to enable calcium-ng>dependentng> protein kinase inhibitor activity and protein kinase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in long-term memory and positive regulation of inflammatory response. Predicted to be located in neuronal cell body and synapse. Implicated in ovarian cancer; ovarian carcinoma; and prostate adenocarcinoma. Biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma; oral squamous cell carcinoma; papillary thyroid carcinoma; and prostate cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 3 pseudogene 1

cytokine-ng>dependentng> hematopoietic cell linker

MIST is a member of the SLP76 family of adaptors (see LCP2, MIM 601603; BLNK, MIM 604515). MIST plays a role in the regulation of immunoreceptor signaling, including PLC-gamma (PLCG1; MIM 172420)-mediated B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling and FC-epsilon R1 (see FCER1A, MIM 147140)-mediated mast cell degranulation (Cao et al., 1999 [PubMed 10562326]; Goitsuka et al., 2000, 2001 [PubMed 10744659] [PubMed 11463797]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

RNA, U4atac small nuclear (U12-ng>dependentng> splicing)

The small nuclear RNA (snRNA) encoded by this gene is part of the U12-ng>dependentng> minor spliceosome complex. In addition to the encoded RNA, this ribonucleoprotein complex consists of U11, U12, U5, and U6atac snRNAs. The U12-ng>dependentng> spliceosome acts on approximately 700 specific introns in the human genome. Defects in this gene are a cause of microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 (MOPD). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

insulin-ng>dependentng> diabetes mellitus 18

insulin-ng>dependentng> diabetes mellitus 15

insulin-ng>dependentng> diabetes mellitus 13

insulin-ng>dependentng> diabetes mellitus 11

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, gamma subunit 8

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP). TARPs regulate both trafficking and channel gating of the AMPA receptors. This gene is part of a functionally diverse eight-member protein subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family and is located in a cluster with two family members, a type II TARP and a calcium channel gamma subunit. The mRNA for this gene is believed to initiate translation from a non-AUG (CUG) start codon. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, gamma subunit 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP). TARPs regulate both trafficking and channel gating of the AMPA receptors. This gene is part of a functionally diverse eight-member protein subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family. This gene is a susceptibility locus for childhood absence epilepsy. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, gamma subunit 6

Voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channels are composed of five subunits. The protein encoded by this gene represents one of these subunits, gamma, and is one of two known gamma subunit proteins. This particular gamma subunit is an integral membrane protein that is thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactive (closed) state. This gene is part of a functionally diverse eight-member protein subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family and is located in a cluster with two family members that function as transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Variants in this gene have been associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, gamma subunit 7

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein (TARP). TARPs regulate both trafficking and channel gating of the AMPA receptors. This gene is part of a functionally diverse eight-member protein subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family and is located in a cluster with two family members, a type I TARP and a calcium channel gamma subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

putative ATP-ng>dependentng> RNA helicase DDX12

protein kinase, cAMP-ng>dependentng>, regulatory, type II, beta pseudogene

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin ng>dependentng> regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex that relieves repressive chromatin structures, allowing the transcriptional machinery to access its targets more effectively. The encoded nuclear protein may also bind to and enhance the DNA joining activity of HIV-1 integrase. This gene has been found to be a tumor suppressor, and mutations in it have been associated with malignant rhabdoid tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

CBP80/20-ng>dependentng> translation initiation factor

CTIF is a component of the CBP80 (NCBP1; MIM 600469)/CBP20 (NCBP2; MIM 605133) translation initiation complex that binds cotranscriptionally to the cap end of nascent mRNA. The CBP80/CBP20 complex is involved in a simultaneous editing and translation step that recognizes premature termination codons (PTCs) in mRNAs and directs PTC-containing mRNAs toward nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). On mRNAs without PTCs, the CBP80/CBP20 complex is replaced with cytoplasmic mRNA cap-binding proteins, including EIF4G (MIM 600495), and steady-state translation of the mRNAs resumes in the cytoplasm (Kim et al., 2009 [PubMed 19648179]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009]

protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ ng>dependentng> 1A, pseudogene 1

2-oxoglutarate and iron-ng>dependentng> oxygenase domain containing 1

Enables peptidyl-proline 3-dioxygenase activity. Involved in several processes, including peptidyl-proline hydroxylation; regulation of translational termination; and stress granule assembly. Located in cytoplasmic stress granule; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

2-oxoglutarate and iron-ng>dependentng> oxygenase domain containing 3

Predicted to enable several functions, including L-ascorbic acid binding activity; dioxygenase activity; and iron ion binding activity. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

2-oxoglutarate and iron-ng>dependentng> oxygenase domain containing 2

Predicted to enable several functions, including L-ascorbic acid binding activity; dioxygenase activity; and iron ion binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NADP-ng>dependentng> oxidoreductase domain containing 1

Predicted to enable pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity. Predicted to be involved in L-proline biosynthetic process. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribonuclease L (2',5'-oligoisoadenylate synthetase-ng>dependentng>)

This gene encodes a component of the interferon-regulated 2-5A system that functions in the antiviral and antiproliferative roles of interferons. The protein is involved in innate immunity and is active against multiple RNA viruses, including the influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Mutations in this gene have been associated with predisposition to prostate cancer and this gene is a candidate for the hereditary prostate cancer 1 (HPC1) allele. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2021]

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase IG

Predicted to enable calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase activity and calmodulin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane and plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of calcium- and calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 5, regulatory subunit 1 (p35)

The protein encoded by this gene (p35) is a neuron-specific activator of cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 5 (CDK5); the activation of CDK5 is required for proper development of the central nervous system. The p35 form of this protein is proteolytically cleaved by calpain, generating a p25 form. The cleavage of p35 into p25 results in relocalization of the protein from the cell periphery to nuclear and perinuclear regions. P25 deregulates CDK5 activity by prolonging its activation and changing its cellular location. The p25 form accumulates in the brain neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This accumulation correlates with an increase in CDK5 kinase activity, and may lead to aberrantly phosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau, which contributes to Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA, U6atac small nuclear (U12-ng>dependentng> splicing)

Predicted to enable U4atac snRNA binding activity and pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U6atac snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pyridoxal-ng>dependentng> decarboxylase domain containing 2, pseudogene

This locus represents naturally-occurring readthrough transcription between two pseudogenes, PDXDC2P (pyridoxal ng>dependentng> decarboxylase domain containing 2, pseudogene) and NPIPB14P (nuclear pore complex interacting protein family, member B14, pseudogene). The individual pseudogene loci are not curated as transcribed regions. Readthrough transcripts likely do not encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ ng>dependentng>) 2-like

Predicted to enable methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activity; methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity; and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity. Predicted to be involved in tetrahydrofolate interconversion. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mannose-6-phosphate receptor (cation ng>dependentng>) pseudogene

HFM1, ATP-ng>dependentng> DNA helicase homolog (S. cerevisiae)

The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be an ATP-ng>dependentng> DNA helicase and is expressed mainly in germ-line cells. Defects in this gene are a cause of premature ovarian failure 9 (POF9). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor) pseudogene 8

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor) pseudogene 9

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor) pseudogene 1

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor) pseudogene 2

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor) pseudogene 3

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor) pseudogene 4

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor) pseudogene 5

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor) pseudogene 6

protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA ng>dependentng> inhibitor, repressor of (P58 repressor) pseudogene 7

sodium- and chloride-ng>dependentng> creatine transporter 1-like

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin ng>dependentng> regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 3

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin ng>dependentng> regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 2

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 18

Predicted to enable cyclin-ng>dependentng> protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in positive regulation of myelination. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 19

This gene encodes a protein that is one of the components of the Mediator co-activator complex. The Mediator complex is a multi-protein complex required for transcriptional activation by DNA binding transcription factors of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 8 which can also be a component of the Mediator complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 12

Enables RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activity and cyclin binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II; protein autophosphorylation; and regulation of MAP kinase activity. Located in nuclear speck. Part of cyclin K-CDK12 complex. Biomarker of gastric adenocarcinoma; hepatocellular carcinoma; and stomach cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 13

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-ng>dependentng> serine/threonine protein kinase family. Members of this family are well known for their essential roles as master switches in cell cycle control. The exact function of this protein has not yet been determined, but it may play a role in mRNA processing and may be involved in regulation of hematopoiesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 10

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CDK subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. The CDK subfamily members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and are known to be essential for cell cycle progression. This kinase has been shown to play a role in cellular proliferation and its function is limited to cell cycle G2-M phase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 16

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cdc2/cdkx subfamily of the ser/thr family of protein kinases. It may play a role in signal transduction cascades in terminally differentiated cells; in exocytosis; and in transport of secretory cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum. This gene is thought to escape X inactivation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 17

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cdc2/cdkx subfamily of the ser/thr family of protein kinases. It has similarity to a rat protein that is thought to play a role in terminally differentiated neurons. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 14

Enables cyclin binding activity and cyclin-ng>dependentng> protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle and regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Located in cytosol; nucleoplasm; and plasma membrane. Part of cytoplasmic cyclin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase holoenzyme complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 15

Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of cell cycle phase transition. Predicted to be active in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin ng>dependentng> regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 6

SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin ng>dependentng> regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 pseudogene 4

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2)

This gene is imprinted, with preferential expression of the maternal allele. The encoded protein is a tight-binding, strong inhibitor of several G1 cyclin/Cdk complexes and a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are implicated in sporadic cancers and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndorome, suggesting that this gene is a tumor suppressor candidate. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1)

This gene encodes a cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase inhibitor, which shares a limited similarity with CDK inhibitor CDKN1A/p21. The encoded protein binds to and prevents the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 or cyclin D-CDK4 complexes, and thus controls the cell cycle progression at G1. The degradation of this protein, which is triggered by its CDK ng>dependentng> phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination by SCF complexes, is required for the cellular transition from quiescence to the proliferative state. Mutations in this gene are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type IV (MEN4). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1)

This gene encodes a potent cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase inhibitor. The encoded protein binds to and inhibits the activity of cyclin-cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase2 or -cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase4 complexes, and thus functions as a regulator of cell cycle progression at G1. The expression of this gene is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53, through which this protein mediates the p53-ng>dependentng> cell cycle G1 phase arrest in response to a variety of stress stimuli. This protein can interact with proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a DNA polymerase accessory factor, and plays a regulatory role in S phase DNA replication and DNA damage repair. This protein was reported to be specifically cleaved by CASP3-like caspases, which thus leads to a dramatic activation of cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase2, and may be instrumental in the execution of apoptosis following caspase activation. Mice that lack this gene have the ability to regenerate damaged or missing tissue. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 2 pseudogene 2

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 2 pseudogene 1

Diabetes mellitus, insulin-ng>dependentng>, 24

Diabetes mellitus, insulin-ng>dependentng>, 23

glucose-ng>dependentng> insulinotropic receptor-like

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 12

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 13

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 10

voltage-ng>dependentng> anion channel 1 pseudogene 11

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 8 pseudogene

2-oxoglutarate and iron-ng>dependentng> oxygenase domain containing 1 pseudogene 1

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ ng>dependentng>) 1-like pseudogene

insulin-ng>dependentng> diabetes mellitus 17

insulin-ng>dependentng> diabetes mellitus 16

insulin-ng>dependentng> diabetes mellitus 14

protein kinase, cAMP-ng>dependentng>, regulatory, type II, beta pseudogene

calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase ID

This gene is a member of the calcium/calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase 1 family, a subfamily of the serine/threonine kinases. The encoded protein is a component of the calcium-regulated calmodulin-ng>dependentng> protein kinase cascade. It has been associated with multiple processes including regulation of granulocyte function, activation of CREB-ng>dependentng> gene transcription, aldosterone synthesis, differentiation and activation of neutrophil cells, and apoptosis of erythroleukemia cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, beta 3 subunit

This gene encodes a regulatory beta subunit of the voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel. Beta subunits are composed of five domains, which contribute to the regulation of surface expression and gating of calcium channels and may also play a role in the regulation of transcription factors and calcium transport. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, beta 2 subunit

This gene encodes a subunit of a voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel protein that is a member of the voltage-gated calcium channel superfamily. The gene product was originally identified as an antigen target in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, an autoimmune disorder. Mutations in this gene are associated with Brugada syndrome. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, beta 1 subunit

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the calcium channel beta subunit family. It plays an important role in the calcium channel by modulating G protein inhibition, increasing peak calcium current, controlling the alpha-1 subunit membrane targeting and shifting the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, beta 4 subunit

This gene encodes a member of the beta subunit family of voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel complex proteins. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Various versions of each of these subunits exist, either expressed from similar genes or the result of alternative splicing. The protein encoded by this locus plays an important role in calcium channel function by modulating G protein inhibition, increasing peak calcium current, controlling the alpha-1 subunit membrane targeting and shifting the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. Certain mutations in this gene have been associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and episodic ataxia, type 5. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, gamma subunit 1

Voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channels are composed of five subunits. The protein encoded by this gene represents one of these subunits, gamma, and is one of two known gamma subunit proteins. This particular gamma subunit is part of skeletal muscle 1,4-dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels and is an integral membrane protein that plays a role in excitation-contraction coupling. This gene is part of a functionally diverse eight-member protein subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family and is located in a cluster with two family members that function as transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

ligand ng>dependentng> nuclear receptor corepressor

LCOR is a transcriptional corepressor widely expressed in fetal and adult tissues that is recruited to agonist-bound nuclear receptors through a single LxxLL motif, also referred to as a nuclear receptor (NR) box (Fernandes et al., 2003 [PubMed 12535528]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ ng>dependentng>) 1-like

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate (THF) in the mitochondrion. THF is important in the de novo synthesis of purines and thymidylate and in the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

cyclin-ng>dependentng> kinase 8 pseudogene

ligand ng>dependentng> nuclear receptor corepressor-like

This gene encodes a transcription factor that appears to function in spermatogenesis. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with measures of skeletal frame size and adult height. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, T type, alpha 1H subunit

This gene encodes a T-type member of the alpha-1 subunit family, a protein in the voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. The alpha-1 subunit has 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. There are multiple isoforms of each of the proteins in the complex, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized for the gene described here. Studies suggest certain mutations in this gene lead to childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, T type, alpha 1I subunit

This gene encodes the pore-forming alpha subunit of a voltage gated calcium channel. The encoded protein is a member of a subfamily of calcium channels referred to as is a low voltage-activated, T-type, calcium channel. The channel encoded by this protein is characterized by a slower activation and inactivation compared to other T-type calcium channels. This protein may be involved in calcium signaling in neurons. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit

Voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells, and are also involved in a variety of calcium-ng>dependentng> processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. Calcium channels are multisubunit complexes composed of alpha-1, beta, alpha-2/delta, and gamma subunits. The channel activity is directed by the pore-forming alpha-1 subunit, whereas, the others act as auxiliary subunits regulating this activity. The distinctive properties of the calcium channel types are related primarily to the expression of a variety of alpha-1 isoforms, alpha-1A, B, C, D, E, and S. This gene encodes the alpha-1A subunit, which is predominantly expressed in neuronal tissue. Mutations in this gene are associated with 2 neurologic disorders, familial hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia 2. This gene also exhibits polymorphic variation due to (CAG)n-repeats. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. In one set of transcript variants, the (CAG)n-repeats occur in the 3' UTR, and are not associated with any disease. But in another set of variants, an insertion extends the coding region to include the (CAG)n-repeats which encode a polyglutamine tract. Expansion of the (CAG)n-repeats from the normal 4-18 to 21-33 in the coding region is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, N type, alpha 1B subunit

The protein encoded by this gene is the pore-forming subunit of an N-type voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel, which controls neurotransmitter release from neurons. The encoded protein forms a complex with alpha-2, beta, and delta subunits to form the high-voltage activated channel. This channel is sensitive to omega-conotoxin-GVIA and omega-agatoxin-IIIA but insensitive to dihydropyridines. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, L type, alpha 1C subunit

This gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization. The alpha-1 subunit consists of 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. The calcium channel consists of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. There are multiple isoforms of each of these proteins, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. The protein encoded by this gene binds to and is inhibited by dihydropyridine. Alternative splicing results in many transcript variants encoding different proteins. Some of the predicted proteins may not produce functional ion channel subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, L type, alpha 1D subunit

Voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells, and are also involved in a variety of calcium-ng>dependentng> processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. Calcium channels are multisubunit complexes composed of alpha-1, beta, alpha-2/delta, and gamma subunits. The channel activity is directed by the pore-forming alpha-1 subunit, whereas the others act as auxiliary subunits regulating this activity. The distinctive properties of the calcium channel types are related primarily to the expression of a variety of alpha-1 isoforms, namely alpha-1A, B, C, D, E, and S. This gene encodes the alpha-1D subunit. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, R type, alpha 1E subunit

Voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channels are multisubunit complexes consisting of alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and delta subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. These channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells, and are also involved in a variety of calcium-ng>dependentng> processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. This gene encodes the alpha-1E subunit of the R-type calcium channels, which belong to the 'high-voltage activated' group that maybe involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons important for information processing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011]

calcium channel, voltage-ng>dependentng>, L type, alpha 1F subunit

This gene encodes a multipass transmembrane protein that functions as an alpha-1 subunit of the voltage-ng>dependentng> calcium channel, which mediates the influx of calcium ions into the cell. The encoded protein forms a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Mutations in this gene can cause X-linked eye disorders, including congenital stationary night blindness type 2A, cone-rod dystropy, and Aland Island eye disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]