Harmonizome 3.0

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for 6 adult human brain tissue samples spanning ~300 brain structures

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for adult mouse brain tissues spanning ~2000 anatomically defined brain structures

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for human brain tissue samples spanning 27 time points and 26 brain structures

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for human brain tissue samples spanning 31 time points and 26 brain structures

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for 4 human prenatal brain tissue samples spanning 4 time points and ~300 brain structures

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for dementia and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) from aging brain tissue

Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies and mental retardation syndrome

cylindromatosis (turban tumor syndrome)

This gene is encodes a cytoplasmic protein with three cytoskeletal-associated protein-glycine-conserved (CAP-GLY) domains that functions as a deubiquitinating enzyme. Mutations in this gene have been associated with cylindromatosis, multiple familial trichoepithelioma, and Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

DiGeorge syndrome/velocardiofacial syndrome complex 2

Speech-sound disorder

Orthostatic hypotensive disorder of Streeten

Major affective disorder-9, susceptibility to

Major affective disorder-8, susceptibility to

Major affective disorder 5

major affective disorder 1

Major affective disorder 3, early onset

Major depressive disorder 2

Major depressive disorder

major affective disorder 2

Major affective disorder 4

Major affective disorder 6

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 2

Huntington-like neurodegenerative disorder 2

Panic disorder 1

panic disorder 2

panic disorder 3

Bleeding disorder, east Texas type

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 4

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 5

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 6

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 1

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 2

schizophrenia disorder 8

schizophrenia disorder 7

schizophrenia disorder 6

schizophrenia disorder 1

schizophrenia disorder 3

schizophrenia disorder 10 (periodic catatonia)

Nail disorder, nonsyndromic congenital, 9

cerebellar ataxia 3 (cerebellar parenchyma disorder 1)

schizophrenia disorder 2

pigment disorder, reticulate

protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 18 (brain-derived)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, the mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains a PEST motif, which often serves as a protein-protein interaction domain, and may be related to protein intracellular half-live. This protein can differentially dephosphorylate autophosphorylated tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in tumor tissues, and it appears to regulate HER2, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

brain expressed, X-linked 5

Predicted to enable signaling receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

brain expressed, X-linked 4

This gene is a member of the brain expressed X-linked gene family. The proteins encoded by some of the other members of this family act as transcription elongation factors which allow RNA polymerase II to escape pausing during elongation. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

brain expressed X-linked 2

This gene belongs to the brain expressed X-linked gene family. The encoded protein interacts with the transcription factor LIM domain only 2 in a DNA-binding complex that recognizes the E-box element and promotes transcription. This gene has been found to be a tumor suppressor that is silenced in human glioma. In breast cancer cells, this gene product modulates apoptosis in response to estrogen and tamoxifen, and enhances the anti-proliferative effect of tamoxifen. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

brain expressed, X-linked 1

Enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Part of transcription regulator complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain) pseudogene

This gene has characteristics of a retrotransposed pseudogene derived from the PGAM1 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)

This gene encodes one of two cannabinoid receptors. The cannabinoids, principally delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic analogs, are psychoactive ingredients of marijuana. The cannabinoid receptors are members of the guanine-nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) coupled receptor family, which inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent, stereoselective and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. The two receptors have been found to be involved in the cannabinoid-induced CNS effects (including alterations in mood and cognition) experienced by users of marijuana. Multiple transcript variants encoding two different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

gastrulation brain homeobox 2

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of nervous system development and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis; nervous system development; and neural crest cell migration. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

gastrulation brain homeobox 1

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of nervous system development and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within adult walking behavior; neuron differentiation; and proprioception. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

adenylate cyclase 1 (brain)

This gene encodes a member of the of adenylate cyclase gene family that is primarily expressed in the brain. This protein is regulated by calcium/calmodulin concentration and may be involved in brain development. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

adenylate cyclase 2 (brain)

This gene encodes a member of the family of adenylate cyclases, which are membrane-associated enzymes that catalyze the formation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This enzyme is insensitive to Ca(2+)/calmodulin, and is stimulated by the G protein beta and gamma subunit complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

adenylate cyclase 8 (brain)

Adenylate cyclase is a membrane bound enzyme that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. The enzymatic activity is under the control of several hormones, and different polypeptides participate in the transduction of the signal from the receptor to the catalytic moiety. Stimulatory or inhibitory receptors (Rs and Ri) interact with G proteins (Gs and Gi) that exhibit GTPase activity and they modulate the activity of the catalytic subunit of the adenylyl cyclase [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1

This gene encodes a membrane bound protein with several transient phosphorylation sites and PEST motifs. Conservation of proteins with PEST sequences among different species supports their functional significance. PEST sequences typically occur in proteins with high turnover rates. Immunological characteristics of this protein are species specific. This protein also undergoes N-terminal myristoylation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1 pseudogene 1

brain expressed, associated with NEDD4, 1

The protein encoded by this gene is one of several proteins that interact with NEDD4, a member of a family of ubiquitin-protein ligases. These proteins have PY motifs in common that bind to the WW domains of NEDD4. NEDD4 is developmentally regulated, and is highly expressed in embryonic tissues. Mutations in this gene (i.e., intronic insertions of >100 copies of pentanucleotide repeats including a (TGGAA)n sequence) are associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 31. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

Ras homolog enriched in brain pseudogene

fatty acid binding protein 7, brain pseudogene 2

fatty acid binding protein 7, brain pseudogene 1

solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, brain), member 14 pseudogene 1

Ras homolog enriched in brain like 1

Enables GTP binding activity. Involved in TOR signaling and positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity. Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

deleted in malignant brain tumors 1

Loss of sequences from human chromosome 10q has been associated with the progression of human cancers. This gene was originally isolated based on its deletion in a medulloblastoma cell line. This gene is expressed with transcripts of 6.0, 7.5, and 8.0 kb in fetal lung and with one transcript of 8.0 kb in adult lung, although the 7.5 kb transcript has not been characterized. The encoded protein precursor is a glycoprotein containing multiple scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains separated by SRCR-interspersed domains (SID). Transcript variant 2 (8.0 kb) has been shown to bind surfactant protein D independently of carbohydrate recognition. This indicates that DMBT1 may not be a classical tumor suppressor gene, but rather play a role in the interaction of tumor cells and the immune system. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

developing brain homeobox 2

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; and neural precursor cell proliferation. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

developing brain homeobox 1

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation in spinal cord and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within ventral spinal cord interneuron specification. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)

The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to postaglandin D2 (PGD2). PGD2 functions as a neuromodulator as well as a trophic factor in the central nervous system. PGD2 is also involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. This gene is preferentially expressed in brain. Studies with transgenic mice overexpressing this gene suggest that this gene may be also involved in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

brain protein I3 pseudogene 2

brain protein I3 pseudogene 3

brain protein I3 pseudogene 1

brain protein I3

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be located in azurophil granule membrane and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

brain cytoplasmic RNA 1

This gene, which encodes a neural small non-messenger RNA, is a member of the family of interspersed repetitive DNA, and its product represents an example of a primate tissue-specific RNA polymerase III transcript. The RNA sequence is divided into three domains: a 5' portion homologous to the Alu Lm, a central adenosine-rich region, and the terminal 43-nt nonrepetitive domain. It is believed that this gene was retropositionally generated and recruited into a function regulating dendritic protein biosynthesis. At least two pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphorylase, glycogen; brain

The protein encoded by this gene is a glycogen phosphorylase found predominantly in the brain. The encoded protein forms homodimers which can associate into homotetramers, the enzymatically active form of glycogen phosphorylase. The activity of this enzyme is positively regulated by AMP and negatively regulated by ATP, ADP, and glucose-6-phosphate. This enzyme catalyzes the rate-determining step in glycogen degradation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain) pseudogene

This gene has characteristics of a retrotransposed pseudogene derived from the PGAM1 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Ras homolog enriched in brain

This gene is a member of the small GTPase superfamily and encodes a lipid-anchored, cell membrane protein with five repeats of the RAS-related GTP-binding region. This protein is vital in regulation of growth and cell cycle progression due to its role in the insulin/TOR/S6K signaling pathway. The protein has GTPase activity and shuttles between a GDP-bound form and a GTP-bound form, and farnesylation of the protein is required for this activity. Three pseudogenes have been mapped, two on chromosome 10 and one on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)

This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantigen and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Deficiency in this enzyme has been shown to lead to pyridoxine dependency with seizures. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two products, the predominant 67-kD form and a less-frequent 25-kD form. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa)

This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantibody and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

This gene encodes a member of the nerve growth factor family of proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein. Binding of this protein to its cognate receptor promotes neuronal survival in the adult brain. Expression of this gene is reduced in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease patients. This gene may play a role in the regulation of the stress response and in the biology of mood disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated

Predicted to enable kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential and regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity. Predicted to be located in dendrite; nucleus; and presynapse. Predicted to be active in glutamatergic synapse and postsynapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

thymus, brain and testes associated

This gene encodes a protein that regulates thymic epithelial cell proliferation and thymus size. It has been identified as a ligand for the class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA-I) in thymus. Studies of the orthologous mouse protein suggest that it may also play a role in spermatid differentiation, as well as in neuronal morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with susceptibility for multiple sclerosis (MS). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

brain-specific homeobox

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including eating behavior; mammary gland involution; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be part of transcription regulator complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

fatty acid binding protein 7, brain

The gene encodes a small, highly conserved cytoplasmic protein that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. The encoded protein is important in the establishment of the radial glial fiber in the developing brain. Alternative splicing and promoter usage results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on multiple chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain)

The protein encoded by this gene is a mutase that catalyzes the reversible reaction of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) in the glycolytic pathway. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 (non-protein coding) pseudogene

T-box, brain, 1

This gene is a member of a conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of numerous developmental processes. In mouse, the ortholog of this gene is expressed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and olfactory bulb and is thought to play an important role in neuronal migration and axonal projection. In mouse, the C-terminal region of this protein was found to be necessary and sufficient for association with the guanylate kinase domain of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

glutathione S-transferase mu 3 (brain)

Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Mutations of this class mu gene have been linked with a slight increase in a number of cancers, likely due to exposure with environmental toxins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

brain cytoplasmic RNA 1, pseudogene 3

brain and reproductive organ-expressed (TNFRSF1A modulator)

This gene encodes an anti-apoptotic, death receptor-associated protein that interacts with tumor necrosis factor-receptor-1. The encoded protein acts as an adapter in several protein complexes, including the BRCA1-A complex and the BRISC complex. The BRCA1-A complex possesses ubiquitinase activity and targets sites of double strand DNA breaks, while the BRISC complex exhibits deubiquitinase activity and is involved in mitotic spindle assembly. This gene is upregulated in several types of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

Ras-homolog enriched in brain pseudogene 1

Ras-homolog enriched in brain pseudogene 3

Ras-homolog enriched in brain pseudogene 2

brain cytoplasmic RNA 1, pseudogene 2

brain cytoplasmic RNA 1, pseudogene 1

solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, brain), member 14

Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). Uncoupling proteins separate oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis with energy dissipated as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. Uncoupling proteins facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. This gene is widely expressed in many tissues with the greatest abundance in brain and testis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

creatine kinase, brain

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in energy homeostasis. The encoded protein reversibly catalyzes the transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. It acts as a homodimer in brain as well as in other tissues, and as a heterodimer with a similar muscle isozyme in heart. The encoded protein is a member of the ATP:guanido phosphotransferase protein family. A pseudogene of this gene has been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

brain and acute leukemia, cytoplasmic

This gene was identified by gene expression studies in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The gene is conserved among mammals and is not found in lower organisms. Tissues that express this gene develop from the neuroectoderm. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been described for this gene; however, some of the transcript variants are found only in AML cell lines. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 pseudogene 1

syntaxin 1A (brain)

This gene encodes a member of the syntaxin superfamily. Syntaxins are nervous system-specific proteins implicated in the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE [Soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein)-Attachment protein REceptor] domain (known as H3), and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). Syntaxins bind synaptotagmin in a calcium-dependent fashion and interact with voltage dependent calcium and potassium channels via the C-terminal H3 domain. This gene product is a key molecule in ion channel regulation and synaptic exocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

brain expressed X-linked 3

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination and signal transduction. Predicted to act upstream of or within extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 like 1 (pseudogene)

mouse mammary tumor virus receptor homolog 2

glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1 protein-like

tumor protein p53 inducible protein 3

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to oxidoreductases, which are enzymes involved in cellular responses to oxidative stresses and irradiation. This gene is induced by the tumor suppressor p53 and is thought to be involved in p53-mediated cell death. It contains a p53 consensus binding site in its promoter region and a downstream pentanucleotide microsatellite sequence. P53 has been shown to transcriptionally activate this gene by interacting with the downstream pentanucleotide microsatellite sequence. The microsatellite is polymorphic, with a varying number of pentanucleotide repeats directly correlated with the extent of transcriptional activation by p53. It has been suggested that the microsatellite polymorphism may be associated with differential susceptibility to cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

tumor suppressor candidate 2 pseudogene 1

tumor protein D52-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the tumor protein D52-like family. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal coiled-coil motif that is used to form homo- and heteromeric complexes with other tumor protein D52-like proteins. Expression of this gene may be a marker for breast cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

tumor protein D52-like 3

This gene encodes a member of the tumor protein D52-like family of proteins. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal coiled-coil motif that is used to form homo- and heteromeric complexes with other tumor protein D52-like proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in spermatogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

tumor protein D52-like 1

This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that contain coiled-coil domains and may form hetero- or homomers. The encoded protein is involved in cell proliferation and calcium signaling. It also interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5/ASK1) and positively regulates MAP3K5-induced apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Myeloid leukemia-related gene (myeloid tumor suppressor)

tumor protein p63

This gene encodes a member of the p53 family of transcription factors. The functional domains of p53 family proteins include an N-terminal transactivation domain, a central DNA-binding domain and an oligomerization domain. Alternative splicing of this gene and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that vary in their functional properties. These isoforms function during skin development and maintenance, adult stem/progenitor cell regulation, heart development and premature aging. Some isoforms have been found to protect the germline by eliminating oocytes or testicular germ cells that have suffered DNA damage. Mutations in this gene are associated with ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate syndrome 3 (EEC3); split-hand/foot malformation 4 (SHFM4); ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate; ADULT syndrome (acro-dermato-ungual-lacrimal-tooth); limb-mammary syndrome; Rap-Hodgkin syndrome (RHS); and orofacial cleft 8. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

ovarian tumor suppressor candidate 2

Predicted to enable hydrolase activity. Involved in response to retinoic acid. Located in cytoplasm. Biomarker of ovarian cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 12A

Involved in positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and regulation of wound healing. Predicted to be located in cell surface and ruffle. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10d, decoy with truncated death domain pseudogene

RELT tumor necrosis factor receptor

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is especially abundant in hematologic tissues. It has been shown to activate the NF-kappaB pathway and selectively bind TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1). This receptor is capable of stimulating T-cell proliferation in the presence of CD3 signaling, which suggests its regulatory role in immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding the same protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor protein p53 inducible protein 11

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of cell population proliferation. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

microtubule associated tumor suppressor 1

This gene encodes a protein which contains a C-terminal domain able to interact with the angiotension II (AT2) receptor and a large coiled-coil region allowing dimerization. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. One of the transcript variants has been shown to encode a mitochondrial protein that acts as a tumor suppressor and partcipates in AT2 signaling pathways. Other variants may encode nuclear or transmembrane proteins but it has not been determined whether they also participate in AT2 signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

microtubule associated tumor suppressor candidate 2

Enables microtubule binding activity and protein homodimerization activity. Located in centrosome; cytoplasmic microtubule; and intercellular bridge. Part of nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is activated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TNFSF10/TRAIL), and thus transduces cell death signal and induces cell apoptosis. Studies with FADD-deficient mice suggested that FADD, a death domain containing adaptor protein, is required for the apoptosis mediated by this protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

This gene encodes a component of a ubiquitination complex. The encoded protein is involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF), which is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the regulation of gene expression by oxygen. In addition to oxygen-related gene expression, this protein plays a role in many other cellular processes including cilia formation, cytokine signaling, regulation of senescence, and formation of the extracellular matrix. Variants of this gene are associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, pheochromocytoma, erythrocytosis, renal cell carcinoma, and cerebellar hemangioblastoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2022]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 21

This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The encoded protein activates nuclear factor kappa-B and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (also called c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1), and induces cell apoptosis. Through its death domain, the encoded receptor interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated death domain (TRADD) protein, which is known to mediate signal transduction of tumor necrosis factor receptors. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene plays a role in T-helper cell activation, and may be involved in inflammation and immune regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 25

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is expressed preferentially in the tissues enriched in lymphocytes, and it may play a role in regulating lymphocyte homeostasis. This receptor has been shown to stimulate NF-kappa B activity and regulate cell apoptosis. The signal transduction of this receptor is mediated by various death domain containing adaptor proteins. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role of this gene in the removal of self-reactive T cells in the thymus. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported, most of which are potentially secreted molecules. The alternative splicing of this gene in B and T cells encounters a programmed change upon T-cell activation, which predominantly produces full-length, membrane bound isoforms, and is thought to be involved in controlling lymphocyte proliferation induced by T-cell activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor protein p53 inducible protein 13

Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of cell cycle; response to UV; and response to xenobiotic stimulus. Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1

Enables transcription regulator activator activity. Involved in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in nucleus. Part of SWI/SNF complex. Implicated in Coffin-Siris syndrome 12. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2

Enables 5S rRNA binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and p53 binding activity. Involved in several processes, including mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling; regulation of intracellular signal transduction; and regulation of primary metabolic process. Located in cytosol; nuclear lumen; and rDNA heterochromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor protein p53 binding protein 1

This gene encodes a protein that functions in the DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice, promoting non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways, and limiting homologous recombination. This protein plays multiple roles in the DNA damage response, including promoting checkpoint signaling following DNA damage, acting as a scaffold for recruitment of DNA damage response proteins to damaged chromatin, and promoting NHEJ pathways by limiting end resection following a double-strand break. These roles are also important during V(D)J recombination, class switch recombination and at unprotected telomeres. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

tumor protein p53 binding protein 2

This gene encodes a member of the ASPP (apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) family of p53 interacting proteins. The protein contains four ankyrin repeats and an SH3 domain involved in protein-protein interactions. It is localized to the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm, and regulates apoptosis and cell growth through interactions with other regulatory molecules including members of the p53 family. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

male germ cell tumor

tumor necrosis factor

This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis ankylosing spondylitis, tuberculosis, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and cancer. Mutations in this gene affect susceptibility to cerebral malaria, septic shock, and Alzheimer disease. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

tumor protein p63 regulated 1

Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pituitary tumor-transforming 1 interacting protein

This gene encodes a single-pass type I integral membrane protein, which binds to pituitary tumor-transforming 1 protein (PTTG1), and facilitates translocation of PTTG1 into the nucleus. Coexpression of this protein and PTTG1 induces transcriptional activation of basic fibroblast growth factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

tumor protein p53 regulated apoptosis inducing protein 1

This gene is specifically expressed in the thymus, and encodes a protein that is localized to the mitochondrion. The expression of this gene is inducible by p53, and it is thought to play an important role in mediating p53-dependent apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-like

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein is a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that selectively ubiquitinates the alpha subunit of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor for proteasome-mediated degradation. Inactivation of VHL causes VHL disease and sporadic kidney cancer. This gene encodes a VHL homolog that lacks one of two key domains necessary for VHL function. This gene may contribute to the regulation of oxygen homeostasis and neovascularization during placenta development. This gene is intronless, and can also be interpreted as a retrotransposed pseudogene of the VHL locus located on chromosome 3. However, the protein is represented in this RefSeq due to evidence in PMID:14757845 that strongly suggests it is translated. The same publication also indicates that this protein binds HIF alpha but fails to recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and it therefore functions as a dominant-negative VHL protein and a protector of HIF alpha. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 14

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 13

H19 Opposite Tumor Suppressor

pituitary tumor-transforming 4 pseudogene

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10c, decoy without an intracellular domain

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor contains an extracellular TRAIL-binding domain and a transmembrane domain, but no cytoplasmic death domain. This receptor is not capable of inducing apoptosis, and is thought to function as an antagonistic receptor that protects cells from TRAIL-induced apoptosis. This gene was found to be a p53-regulated DNA damage-inducible gene. The expression of this gene was detected in many normal tissues but not in most cancer cell lines, which may explain the specific sensitivity of cancer cells to the apoptosis-inducing activity of TRAIL. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily, and contains an intracellular death domain. This receptor can be activated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TNFSF10/TRAIL/APO-2L), and transduces an apoptosis signal. Studies with FADD-deficient mice suggested that FADD, a death domain containing adaptor protein, is required for the apoptosis mediated by this protein. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms and one non-coding transcript have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10d, decoy with truncated death domain

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor contains an extracellular TRAIL-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a truncated cytoplamic death domain. This receptor does not induce apoptosis, and has been shown to play an inhibitory role in TRAIL-induced cell apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 12

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 10

translationally-controlled tumor protein pseudogene

tumor protein p53 binding protein 2 pseudogene 1

bladder tumor susceptibility 1

tumor protein p53

This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein containing transcriptional activation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains. The encoded protein responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate expression of target genes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. Mutations in this gene are associated with a variety of human cancers, including hereditary cancers such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene and the use of alternate promoters result in multiple transcript variants and isoforms. Additional isoforms have also been shown to result from the use of alternate translation initiation codons from identical transcript variants (PMIDs: 12032546, 20937277). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1

Predicted to enable antioxidant activity. Involved in autophagic cell death; positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription; and positive regulation of autophagy. Located in autophagosome; cytosol; and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene promotes autophagy and is essential for proper autophagosome formation and processing. In addition, the encoded protein can enhance rDNA transcription by helping in the assembly of the POLR1/RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex. Finally, this protein serves as a transcriptional activator for some genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 9

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This transmembrane cytokine is a bidirectional signal transducer that acts as a ligand for TNFRSF9/4-1BB, which is a costimulatory receptor molecule in T lymphocytes. This cytokine and its receptor are involved in the antigen presentation process and in the generation of cytotoxic T cells. The receptor TNFRSF9/4-1BB is absent from resting T lymphocytes but rapidly expressed upon antigenic stimulation. The ligand encoded by this gene, TNFSF9/4-1BBL, has been shown to reactivate anergic T lymphocytes in addition to promoting T lymphocyte proliferation. This cytokine has also been shown to be required for the optimal CD8 responses in CD8 T cells. This cytokine is expressed in carcinoma cell lines, and is thought to be involved in T cell-tumor cell interaction.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 4

This gene encodes a cytokine of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. The encoded protein functions in T cell antigen-presenting cell (APC) interactions and mediates adhesion of activated T cells to endothelial cells. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

tumor protein p53 pathway corepressor 1 (non-protein coding)

Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be part of ribonucleoprotein complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pituitary tumor-transforming 3, pseudogene

Predicted to enable SH3 domain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in homologous chromosome segregation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11

tumor suppressor candidate 5

Predicted to be involved in endosome to plasma membrane protein transport and glucose import in response to insulin stimulus. Predicted to act upstream of or within establishment of localization in cell and vesicle fusion to plasma membrane. Predicted to be located in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane and plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor suppressor candidate 7 (non-protein coding)

tumor suppressor candidate 1

This gene is located within the region of chromosome 9p that harbors tumor suppressor genes critical in carcinogenesis. It is an intronless gene which is downregulated in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that it may play a role in lung tumorigenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor suppressor candidate 2

Predicted to be involved in inflammatory response and regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including natural killer cell differentiation; neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium; and regulation of cytokine production. Predicted to be active in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor suppressor candidate 3

This gene encodes a protein that has been associated with several biological functions including cellular magnesium uptake, protein glycosylation and embryonic development. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and acts as a component of the oligosaccharyl transferase complex which is responsible for N-linked protein glycosylation. This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Homozygous mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation-7 and in the proliferation and invasiveness of several cancers including metastatic pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and glioblastoma multiform. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2017]

tumor suppressor candidate 8 (non-protein coding)

Enables miRNA inhibitor activity via base-pairing. Involved in lncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T-cell tumor invasion and metastasis 1

large tumor suppressor kinase 2

This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase belonging to the LATS tumor suppressor family. The protein localizes to centrosomes during interphase, and early and late metaphase. It interacts with the centrosomal proteins aurora-A and ajuba and is required for accumulation of gamma-tubulin and spindle formation at the onset of mitosis. It also interacts with a negative regulator of p53 and may function in a positive feedback loop with p53 that responds to cytoskeleton damage. Additionally, it can function as a co-repressor of androgen-responsive gene expression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

large tumor suppressor kinase 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. Biochemical and genetic data suggest a role as a tumor suppressor. This is supported by studies in knockout mice showing development of soft-tissue sarcomas, ovarian stromal cell tumors and a high sensitivity to carcinogenic treatments. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8

Enables cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process. Involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process. Located in cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostate tumor overexpressed 1 pseudogene

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 8

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is expressed by activated, but not by resting, T and B cells. TRAF2 and TRAF5 can interact with this receptor, and mediate the signal transduction that leads to the activation of NF-kappaB. This receptor is a positive regulator of apoptosis, and also has been shown to limit the proliferative potential of autoreactive CD8 effector T cells and protect the body against autoimmunity. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor contributes to the clonal expansion, survival, and development of T cells. It can also induce proliferation in peripheral monocytes, enhance T cell apoptosis induced by TCR/CD3 triggered activation, and regulate CD28 co-stimulation to promote Th1 cell responses. The expression of this receptor is induced by lymphocyte activation. TRAF adaptor proteins have been shown to bind to this receptor and transduce the signals leading to activation of NF-kappaB. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor has been shown to activate NF-kappaB through its interaction with adaptor proteins TRAF2 and TRAF5. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this receptor promotes the expression of apoptosis inhibitors BCL2 and BCL2lL1/BCL2-XL, and thus suppresses apoptosis. The knockout studies also suggested the roles of this receptor in CD4+ T cell response, as well as in T cell-dependent B cell proliferation and differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor protein D52-like 2 pseudogene

tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6

The protein encoded by this gene is a secretory protein that contains a hyaluronan-binding domain, and thus is a member of the hyaluronan-binding protein family. The hyaluronan-binding domain is known to be involved in extracellular matrix stability and cell migration. This protein has been shown to form a stable complex with inter-alpha-inhibitor (I alpha I), and thus enhance the serine protease inhibitory activity of I alpha I, which is important in the protease network associated with inflammation. This gene can be induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1. Enhanced levels of this protein are found in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 1 (endothelial)

This gene was identified as a gene whose expression can be induced by the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in umbilical vein endothelial cells. Studies of a similar gene in mouse suggest that the expression of this gene is developmentally regulated in a tissue-specific manner. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3

This gene was identified as a gene whose expression is rapidly induced by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger protein and ubiqitin-editing enzyme, and has been shown to inhibit NF-kappa B activation as well as TNF-mediated apoptosis. The encoded protein, which has both ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities, is involved in the cytokine-mediated immune and inflammatory responses. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 2

This gene was identified as a gene whose expression can be induced by the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of this gene was shown to be induced by retinoic acid in a cell line expressing a oncogenic version of the retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion protein, which suggested that this gene may be a retinoic acid target gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for TNFRSF17/BCMA, a member of the TNF receptor family. This protein and its receptor are both found to be important for B cell development. In vitro experiments suggested that this protein may be able to induce apoptosis through its interaction with other TNF receptor family proteins such as TNFRSF6/FAS and TNFRSF14/HVEM. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Some transcripts that skip the last exon of the upstream gene (TNFSF12) and continue into the second exon of this gene have been identified; such read-through transcripts are contained in GeneID 407977, TNFSF12-TNFSF13. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 12

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for the FN14/TWEAKR receptor. This cytokine has overlapping signaling functions with TNF, but displays a much wider tissue distribution. This cytokine, which exists in both membrane-bound and secreted forms, can induce apoptosis via multiple pathways of cell death in a cell type-specific manner. This cytokine is also found to promote proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and thus acts as a regulator of angiogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Some transcripts skip the last exon of this gene and continue into the second exon of the neighboring TNFSF13 gene; such read-through transcripts are contained in GeneID 407977, TNFSF12-TNFSF13. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11

This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. This protein was shown to be a dentritic cell survival factor and is involved in the regulation of T cell-dependent immune response. T cell activation was reported to induce expression of this gene and lead to an increase of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. This protein was shown to activate antiapoptotic kinase AKT/PKB through a signaling complex involving SRC kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6, which indicated this protein may have a role in the regulation of cell apoptosis. Targeted disruption of the related gene in mice led to severe osteopetrosis and a lack of osteoclasts. The deficient mice exhibited defects in early differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and failed to form lobulo-alveolar mammary structures during pregnancy. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein preferentially induces apoptosis in transformed and tumor cells, but does not appear to kill normal cells although it is expressed at a significant level in most normal tissues. This protein binds to several members of TNF receptor superfamily including TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4, and possibly also to TNFRSF11B/OPG. The activity of this protein may be modulated by binding to the decoy receptors TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4, and TNFRSF11B/OPG that cannot induce apoptosis. The binding of this protein to its receptors has been shown to trigger the activation of MAPK8/JNK, caspase 8, and caspase 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. It has been shown to modulate T lymphocyte survival in peripheral tissues. This cytokine is also found to be expressed in endothelial cells, and is thought to be important for interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor suppressor gene JST

myeloproliferative disease associated tumor antigen 5

Wilms tumor 1

This gene encodes a transcription factor that contains four zinc-finger motifs at the C-terminus and a proline/glutamine-rich DNA-binding domain at the N-terminus. It has an essential role in the normal development of the urogenital system, and it is mutated in a small subset of patients with Wilms tumor. This gene exhibits complex tissue-specific and polymorphic imprinting pattern, with biallelic, and monoallelic expression from the maternal and paternal alleles in different tissues. Multiple transcript variants have been described. In several variants, there is evidence for the use of a non-AUG (CUG) translation initiation codon upstream of, and in-frame with the first AUG. Authors of PMID:7926762 also provide evidence that WT1 mRNA undergoes RNA editing in human and rat, and that this process is tissue-restricted and developmentally regulated. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015]

Wilms tumor 2

Wilms tumor-3

Wilms tumor-4

Wilms tumor 1 associated protein

The Wilms tumor suppressor gene WT1 appears to play a role in both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of certain cellular genes. This gene encodes a WT1-associating protein, which is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. Like WT1 protein, this protein is localized throughout the nucleoplasm as well as in speckles and partially colocalizes with splicing factors. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants encoding three different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 15

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, but is not expressed in either B or T cells. The expression of this protein is inducible by TNF and IL-1 alpha. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF25 and decoy receptor TNFRSF21/DR6. It can activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases, and acts as an autocrine factor to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. This cytokine is also found to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, and thus may function as an angiogenesis inhibitor. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 14

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for TNFRSF14, which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, and which is also known as a herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM). This protein may function as a costimulatory factor for the activation of lymphoid cells and as a deterrent to infection by herpesvirus. This protein has been shown to stimulate the proliferation of T cells, and trigger apoptosis of various tumor cells. This protein is also reported to prevent tumor necrosis factor alpha mediated apoptosis in primary hepatocyte. Two alternatively spliced transcript variant encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor protein D52

Enables calcium ion binding activity and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in B cell differentiation. Located in endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor susceptibility 101

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a group of apparently inactive homologs of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. The gene product contains a coiled-coil domain that interacts with stathmin, a cytosolic phosphoprotein implicated in tumorigenesis. The protein may play a role in cell growth and differentiation and act as a negative growth regulator. In vitro steady-state expression of this tumor susceptibility gene appears to be important for maintenance of genomic stability and cell cycle regulation. Mutations and alternative splicing in this gene occur in high frequency in breast cancer and suggest that defects occur during breast cancer tumorigenesis and/or progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Wilms tumor 1 interacting protein

Predicted to enable transcription corepressor activity. Involved in several processes, including miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation; negative regulation of hippo signaling; and response to hypoxia. Acts upstream of or within miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. Located in P-body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6b, decoy

This gene belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The encoded protein is postulated to play a regulatory role in suppressing FasL- and LIGHT-mediated cell death. It acts as a decoy receptor that competes with death receptors for ligand binding. Over-expression of this gene has been noted in gastrointestinal tract tumors. Read-through transcription into this gene from the neighboring upstream gene, which encodes regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1), generates a non-coding transcript. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

tumor protein p73

This gene encodes a member of the p53 family of transcription factors involved in cellular responses to stress and development. It maps to a region on chromosome 1p36 that is frequently deleted in neuroblastoma and other tumors, and thought to contain multiple tumor suppressor genes. The demonstration that this gene is monoallelically expressed (likely from the maternal allele), supports the notion that it is a candidate gene for neuroblastoma. Many transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing and/or use of alternate promoters have been found for this gene, but the biological validity and the full-length nature of some variants have not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 13B

The protein encoded by this gene is a lymphocyte-specific member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. It interacts with calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand (CAML). The protein induces activation of the transcription factors NFAT, AP1, and NF-kappa-B and plays a crucial role in humoral immunity by interacting with a TNF ligand. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 13C

B cell-activating factor (BAFF) enhances B-cell survival in vitro and is a regulator of the peripheral B-cell population. Overexpression of Baff in mice results in mature B-cell hyperplasia and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Also, some SLE patients have increased levels of BAFF in serum. Therefore, it has been proposed that abnormally high levels of BAFF may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by enhancing the survival of autoreactive B cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for BAFF and is a type III transmembrane protein containing a single extracellular cysteine-rich domain. It is thought that this receptor is the principal receptor required for BAFF-mediated mature B-cell survival. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Wilms tumor 1 associated protein pseudogene 1

prostate tumor overexpressed 1

This gene encodes a protein that was found to be overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinomas. The encoded protein was found to interact with the lipid raft protein flotillin-1 and shuttle it from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a cell cycle dependent manner. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor-like

Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of cytokine production. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in cytoplasmic side of late endosome membrane; cytoplasmic side of lysosomal membrane; and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility 1

pituitary tumor-transforming 1

The encoded protein is a homolog of yeast securin proteins, which prevent separins from promoting sister chromatid separation. It is an anaphase-promoting complex (APC) substrate that associates with a separin until activation of the APC. The gene product has transforming activity in vitro and tumorigenic activity in vivo, and the gene is highly expressed in various tumors. The gene product contains 2 PXXP motifs, which are required for its transforming and tumorigenic activities, as well as for its stimulation of basic fibroblast growth factor expression. It also contains a destruction box (D box) that is required for its degradation by the APC. The acidic C-terminal region of the encoded protein can act as a transactivation domain. The gene product is mainly a cytosolic protein, although it partially localizes in the nucleus. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

pituitary tumor-transforming 2

Predicted to enable SH3 domain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in homologous chromosome segregation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 4

This gene is one of several tumor-suppressing subtransferable fragments located in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. This gene is located among several imprinted genes; however, this gene, as well as the pan-hematopoietic expression gene (PHEMX), escapes imprinting. This gene may play a role in malignancies and disease that involve this region. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 2 pseudogene

tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 1

This gene has been reported in PMID 9403053 as one of several tumor-suppressing subtransferable fragments located in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. Alignment of this gene to genomic sequence data suggests that this gene resides on chromosome 2 rather than chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13b

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptors TNFRSF13B/TACI, TNFRSF17/BCMA, and TNFRSF13C/BAFFR. This cytokine is expressed in B cell lineage cells, and acts as a potent B cell activator. It has been also shown to play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

Insulinoma tumor suppressor gene locus

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 17

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is preferentially expressed in mature B lymphocytes, and may be important for B cell development and autoimmune response. This receptor has been shown to specifically bind to the tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13b (TNFSF13B/TALL-1/BAFF), and to lead to NF-kappaB and MAPK8/JNK activation. This receptor also binds to various TRAF family members, and thus may transduce signals for cell survival and proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 14

This gene encodes a member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. The encoded protein functions in signal transduction pathways that activate inflammatory and inhibitory T-cell immune response. It binds herpes simplex virus (HSV) viral envelope glycoprotein D (gD), mediating its entry into cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 18

This gene encodes a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. The encoded receptor has been shown to have increased expression upon T-cell activation, and it is thought to play a key role in dominant immunological self-tolerance maintained by CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells. Knockout studies in mice also suggest the role of this receptor is in the regulation of CD3-driven T-cell activation and programmed cell death. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 19

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is highly expressed during embryonic development. It has been shown to interact with TRAF family members, and to activate JNK signaling pathway when overexpressed in cells. This receptor is capable of inducing apoptosis by a caspase-independent mechanism, and it is thought to play an essential role in embryonic development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1B

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This protein and TNF-receptor 1 form a heterocomplex that mediates the recruitment of two anti-apoptotic proteins, c-IAP1 and c-IAP2, which possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The function of IAPs in TNF-receptor signalling is unknown, however, c-IAP1 is thought to potentiate TNF-induced apoptosis by the ubiquitination and degradation of TNF-receptor-associated factor 2, which mediates anti-apoptotic signals. Knockout studies in mice also suggest a role of this protein in protecting neurons from apoptosis by stimulating antioxidative pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A

This gene encodes a member of the TNF receptor superfamily of proteins. The encoded receptor is found in membrane-bound and soluble forms that interact with membrane-bound and soluble forms, respectively, of its ligand, tumor necrosis factor alpha. Binding of membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor alpha to the membrane-bound receptor induces receptor trimerization and activation, which plays a role in cell survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. Proteolytic processing of the encoded receptor results in release of the soluble form of the receptor, which can interact with free tumor necrosis factor alpha to inhibit inflammation. Mutations in this gene underlie tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), characterized by fever, abdominal pain and other features. Mutations in this gene may also be associated with multiple sclerosis in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2 pseudogene

tumor protein p63 regulated 1-like pseudogene

pituitary tumor-transforming 1 pseudogene

tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2

This intronless gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen. This antigen is a cell surface receptor that transduces calcium signals. Mutations of this gene have been associated with gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

translationally-controlled tumor protein pseudogene

leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the leucine zipper tumor suppressor family of proteins, which function in transcription regulation and cell cycle control. This family member can repress beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation and is a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. It negatively regulates microtubule severing at centrosomes, and is necessary for central spindle formation and cytokinesis completion. It is implicated in cancer, where it may inhibit cell proliferation and decrease susceptibility to tumor development. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor family member 3

Predicted to enable PDZ domain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in protein homooligomerization; regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis; and regulation of postsynapse assembly. Predicted to be located in postsynaptic density. Predicted to be active in dendritic spine and glutamatergic synapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor 1

This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues. In uveal melanomas, expression of this protein is silenced in rapidly metastasizing and metastatic tumor cells but has normal expression in slowly metastasizing or nonmetastasizing tumor cells. This protein may have a role in cell-cycle control by interacting with the Cdk1/cyclinB1 complex. This gene is located on chromosomal region 8p22. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the 8p arm is a common characteristic of many types of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 8

Involved in positive regulation of cell motility. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be part of collagen trimer. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 9

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be part of collagen trimer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 2

Predicted to enable identical protein binding activity and signaling receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of lipid metabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of D-glucose import; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; and positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. Predicted to be part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 3

Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including intracellular triglyceride homeostasis; negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; and regulation of cytokine production. Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of gluconeogenesis. Located in extracellular exosome and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 1

Enables collagen binding activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of platelet aggregation; positive regulation of aldosterone secretion; and positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration. Located in extracellular space and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 6

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be located in extracellular region and membrane. Predicted to be part of collagen trimer. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 7

Predicted to enable identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. Predicted to be part of collagen trimer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 4

Predicted to enable cytokine activity. Involved in positive regulation of cytokine production and positive regulation of signal transduction. Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 5

This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that function as components of basement membranes and may play a role in cell adhesion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with late-onset retinal degeneration. The protein may be encoded by either a bicistronic transcript including sequence from the upstream membrane frizzled-related protein gene (MFRP), or by a monocistronic transcript expressed from an internal promoter. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

tumor suppressor TSG1

probable tumor suppressor protein MN1

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 6

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 8

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for TNFRSF8/CD30, which is a cell surface antigen and a marker for Hodgkin lymphoma and related hematologic malignancies. The engagement of this cytokine expressed on B cell surface plays an inhibitory role in modulating Ig class switch. This cytokine was shown to enhance cell proliferation of some lymphoma cell lines, while to induce cell death and reduce cell proliferation of other lymphoma cell lines. The pleiotropic biologic activities of this cytokine on different CD30+ lymphoma cell lines may play a pathophysiologic role in Hodgkin's and some non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

tumor protein p63 regulated 1-like

Predicted to enable calmodulin binding activity and identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission; regulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission; and regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Predicted to act upstream of or within calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade; negative regulation of synaptic transmission; and synaptic vesicle docking. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 9B

Predicted to enable hormone activity and identical protein binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including negative regulation of cell size; positive regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus; and positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. Predicted to be part of collagen trimer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1

This gene encodes a protein that is a regulator of cellular growth and proliferation. Its mRNA is highly structured and contains an oligopyrimidine tract (5'-TOP) in its 5' untranslated region that functions to repress its translation under quiescent conditions. The encoded protein is involved in a variety of cellular pathways, including apoptosis, protein synthesis and cell division. It binds to and stabilizes microtubules, and removal of this protein through phosphorylation is required for progression through mitotic and meiotic cell divisions. This gene is known to play a role in carcinogenesis, and is upregulated in some cancer cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Wilms tumor 1 associated protein pseudogene

Ewing tumor-associated antigen 1

Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity; regulation of cell cycle phase transition; and replication fork processing. Located in cytosol; nuclear replication fork; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 8

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in apoptotic process. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 5

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 4

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 3

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 2

tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 pseudogene 1

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptors can interact with various TRAF family proteins, through which this receptor induces the activation of NF-kappa B and MAPK8/JNK. This receptor and its ligand are important regulators of the interaction between T cells and dendritic cells. This receptor is also an essential mediator for osteoclast and lymph node development. Mutations at this locus have been associated with familial expansile osteolysis, autosomal recessive osteopetrosis, and Paget disease of bone. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this locus. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This protein is an osteoblast-secreted decoy receptor that functions as a negative regulator of bone resorption. This protein specifically binds to its ligand, osteoprotegerin ligand, both of which are key extracellular regulators of osteoclast development. Studies of the mouse counterpart also suggest that this protein and its ligand play a role in lymph-node organogenesis and vascular calcification. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported, but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome 1

This gene encodes a nucleolar protein with a LIS1 homology domain. The protein is involved in ribosomal DNA gene transcription through its interaction with upstream binding factor (UBF). Mutations in this gene have been associated with Treacher Collins syndrome, a disorder which includes abnormal craniofacial development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

Craniosynostosis, anal anomalies, and porokeratosis syndrome

polled intersex syndrome regulated transcript 1 (non-protein coding RNA)

spastic paraplegia 21 (autosomal recessive, Mast syndrome)

The protein encoded by this gene binds to the hydrophobic C-terminal amino acids of CD4 which are involved in repression of T cell activation. The interaction with CD4 is mediated by the noncatalytic alpha/beta hydrolase fold domain of this protein. It is thus proposed that this gene product modulates the stimulatory activity of CD4. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 21 (SPG21), also known as mast syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]

Frias syndrome

Mesomelia-synostoses syndrome

Renpenning syndrome 2

Chromosome 5p13 duplication syndrome

Usher syndrome 3B

Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 2

Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 3

Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 4

Mungan syndrome

Forsythe-Wakeling syndrome

Chromosome 15q26-qter deletion syndrome

Sjogren syndrome/scleroderma autoantigen 1

This antigen is recognized by a subset of anti-centromere antibodies from patients with scleroderma and/or Sjogren's syndrome. Subcellular localization has not yet been established. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

spastic paraplegia 20 (Troyer syndrome)

This gene encodes a protein containing a MIT (Microtubule Interacting and Trafficking molecule) domain, and is implicated in regulating endosomal trafficking and mitochondria function. The protein localizes to mitochondria and partially co-localizes with microtubules. Stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) results in protein translocation to the plasma membrane, and the protein functions in the degradation and intracellular trafficking of EGF receptor. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. Mutations associated with this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 20 (Troyer syndrome). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

Jacobsen syndrome

Waardenburg syndrome, type 2B

Waardenburg syndrome, type IIC

Abidi X-linked mental retardation syndrome

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1

This gene encodes a protein that contains four domains present in other developmental proteins: a PWWP domain, an HMG box, a SET domain, and a PHD-type zinc finger. It is expressed ubiquitously in early development. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. This gene maps to the 165 kb WHS critical region and has also been involved in the chromosomal translocation t(4;14)(p16.3;q32.3) in multiple myelomas. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Some transcript variants are nonsense-mediated mRNA (NMD) decay candidates, hence not represented as reference sequences. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Cohen syndrome QTL 1

Abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome QTL1

abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome QTL2

Down syndrome chromosome region

Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is the most frequent form of cognitive disability caused by a microscopically demonstrable chromosomal aberration. It is caused by a third copy (trisomy) of all or a critical portion of chromosome 21. Down syndrome is characterized by physical growth delays, dysmorphic facial features, heart and gastrointestinal disorders, and mild to moderate cognitive disability. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

Xp11.22 microduplication syndrome

Chromosome 15q11.2 deletion syndrome

Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 3

Chromosome 1q42-q44 deletion syndrome

Opitz G syndrome, type II

This disorder, variously named the G, Opitz-G, or BBB syndrome, includes hypertelorism or telecanthus; laryngotracheoesophageal cleft; clefts of lip, palate, and uvula; swallowing difficulty and hoarse cry; genitourinary defects, especially hypospadias in males and splayed labia majora in females; mental retardation; and congenital heart defects.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002]

Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia and elliptocytosis chromosomal region gene 1

The exact function of this gene is not known, however, submicroscopic deletion of the X chromosome including this gene, COL4A5, and FACL4 genes, result in a contiguous gene deletion syndrome, the AMME complex (Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia, and elliptocytosis). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

Tukel syndrome

pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome-related protein

Chromosome Xq26.3 duplication syndrome

wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homolog

alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, type 1

Nablus mask-like facial syndrome

Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, 220kb

Sertoli cell-only syndrome, Y-linked

Chromosome 19p13.13 deletion syndrome

3p- syndrome

Chromosome 4q32.1-q32.2 triplication syndrome

Chromosome 3q13.31 deletion syndrome

Chromosome 15q25 deletion syndrome

Sjogren syndrome antigen B (autoantigen La)

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in diverse aspects of RNA metabolism, including binding and protecting poly(U) termini of nascent RNA polymerase III transcripts from exonuclease digestion, processing 5' and 3' ends of pre-tRNA precursors, acting as an RNA chaperone, and binding viral RNAs associated with hepatitis C virus. Autoantibodies reacting with this protein are found in the sera of patients with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternative promoter usage results in two different transcript variants which encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

Chromosome Xp21 deletion syndrome

Chromosome 17q12 deletion syndrome

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type VIII

Sjoegren syndrome nuclear autoantigen 1 homolog

Down syndrome critical region 8

Down syndrome critical region 3

The region of chromosome 21 between genes CBR and ERG (CBR-ERG region), which spans 2.5 Mb on 21q22.2, has been defined by analysis of patients with partial trisomy 21. It contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of many characteristics of Down syndrome, including morphological features, hypotonia, and cognitive disability. The DSCR3 (Down syndrome critical region gene 3) gene is found in this region and is predictated to contain eight exons. DSCR3 is expressed in most tissues examined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Myelodysplasia and leukemia syndrome with monosomy 7

Alstrom syndrome protein 1

This gene encodes a protein containing a large tandem-repeat domain as well as additional low complexity regions. The encoded protein functions in microtubule organization, particularly in the formation and maintanance of cilia. Mutations in this gene cause Alstrom syndrome. There is a pseudogene for this gene located adjacent in the same region of chromosome 2. Alternative splice variants have been described but their full length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

Myeloproliferative syndrome, transient (transient abnormal

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome chromosome region

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is a congenital malformation syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, developmental disability of variable degree, characteristic craniofacial features ('Greek warrior helmet' appearance of the nose, high forehead, prominent glabella, hypertelorism, high-arched eyebrows, protruding eyes, epicanthal folds, short philtrum, distinct mouth with downturned corners, and micrognathia), and a seizure disorder (Battaglia et al., 2008 [PubMed 18932224]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

Chromosome 2q23.1 deletion syndrome

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1

This gene is related to the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate-1 gene and encodes a protein with PWWP (proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline) domains. This protein methylates histone H3 at lysine residues 4 and 27, which represses gene transcription. Two alternatively spliced variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2015]

alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked

The protein encoded by this gene contains an ATPase/helicase domain, and thus it belongs to the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodeling proteins. This protein is found to undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear matrix and chromatin association, and suggests its involvement in the gene regulation at interphase and chromosomal segregation in mitosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked syndromes exhibiting cognitive disabilities as well as alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome. These mutations have been shown to cause diverse changes in the pattern of DNA methylation, which may provide a link between chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and gene expression in developmental processes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

Chromosome 16p11.2 duplication syndrome

Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome

Chromosome 8q21.11 deletion syndrome

Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2

Chromosome 3q29 microdeletion syndrome

Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia, and elliptocytosis

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 9 (non-protein coding)

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 2

Deletions of the 22q11.2 have been associated with a wide range of developmental defects (notably DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome and isolated conotruncal cardiac defects) classified under the acronym CATCH 22. The DGCR2 gene encodes a novel putative adhesion receptor protein, which could play a role in neural crest cells migration, a process which has been proposed to be altered in DiGeorge syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (non-protein coding)

Biomarker of Huntington's disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 7

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 6

DiGeorge syndrome, and more widely, the CATCH 22 syndrome, are associated with microdeletions in chromosomal region 22q11.2. The product of this gene shares homology with the Drosophila melanogaster gonadal protein, which participates in gonadal and germ cell development, and with the gamma-1 subunit of human laminin. This gene is a candidate for involvement in DiGeorge syndrome pathology and in schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome

Levy-Shanske syndrome

albinism-deafness syndrome

glaucoma-related pigment dispersion syndrome 1

Chromosome 2q32-q33 deletion syndrome

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 5

Predicted to be involved in glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 9 (non-protein coding)

Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-like

Rieger syndrome 2

Chromosome 1q41-q42 deletion syndrome

Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome

This gene encodes a highly conserved protein that plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. The encoded protein interacts with elongation factor-like GTPase 1 to disassociate eukaryotic initiation factor 6 from the late cytoplasmic pre-60S ribosomal subunit allowing assembly of the 80S subunit. Mutations within this gene are associated with the autosomal recessive disorder Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome. This gene has a closely linked pseudogene that is distally located. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome

oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe

This gene encodes an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase. This protein is involved in regulating membrane trafficking and is located in numerous subcellular locations including the trans-Golgi network, clathrin-coated vesicles and, endosomes and the plasma membrane. This protein may also play a role in primary cilium formation. Mutations in this gene cause oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe and also Dent disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Down syndrome critical region 3 pseudogene

polycystic ovary syndrome 1

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 2, pseudogene

Williams Beuren syndrome chromosome region 27

This gene encodes a protein belonging to ubiE/COQ5 methyltransferase family. The gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.22-q11.23. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 28

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Chromosome 17q23.1-q23.2 duplication syndrome

FG syndrome 2

FG syndrome 3

hydrolethalus syndrome 1

This gene encodes a protein localized to the cytoplasm. Mutations in this gene are associated with hydrolethalus syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

Ellis van Creveld syndrome 2

This gene encodes a protein that functions in bone formation and skeletal development. Mutations in this gene, as well as in a neighboring gene that lies in a head-to-head configuration, cause Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia that is also known as chondroectodermal dysplasia. Mutations in this gene also cause acrofacial dysostosis Weyers type, also referred to as Curry-Hall syndrome, a disease that combines limb and facial abnormalities. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

Asymmetric crying facies (Cayler cardiofacial syndrome)

Chromosome 6q25-q25 deletion syndrome

myasthenic (Lambert-Eaton) syndrome antigen A

Immunoneurologic syndrome X-linked, of Wood, Black, and Norbury

Chromosome 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome

acrocallosal syndrome

Usher syndrome 1C binding protein 1

Enables PDZ domain binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Sjogren syndrome antigen B pseudogene

Temple syndrome

Goldenhar syndrome

Kondoh syndrome

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2 pseudogene 3

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2 pseudogene 2

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2 pseudogene 1

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2 pseudogene 5

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2 pseudogene 4

Nance-Horan syndrome (congenital cataracts and dental anomalies)

This gene encodes a protein containing four conserved nuclear localization signals. The encoded protein functions in eye, tooth, craniofacial and brain development, and it can regulate actin remodeling and cell morphology. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause Nance-Horan syndrome, and also X-linked cataract-40. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1

This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of the adenosine deaminase protein family. The encoded protein is one of two adenosine deaminases found in humans, which regulate levels of the signaling molecule, adenosine. The encoded protein is secreted from monocytes undergoing differentiation and may regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. This gene may be responsible for some of the phenotypic features associated with cat eye syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 2

This gene encodes a bromodomain-containing protein that is involved in chromatin remodeling, and may additionally play a role in DNA damage response. The encoded protein functions as part of an ATP-dependent complex that is involved in neurulation. This gene is a candidate gene for Cat Eye Syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 3 (non-protein coding)

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 6

Chromosome Xq28 microdeletion syndrome

Alopecia-mental retardation syndrome 3

Alopecia with mental retardation syndrome 2

Alopecia-mental retardation syndrome

Cohen syndrome QTL 2

Chromosome 2q31.1 duplication syndrome

McKusick-Kaufman syndrome

This gene encodes a protein which shares sequence similarity with other members of the type II chaperonin family. The encoded protein is a centrosome-shuttling protein and plays an important role in cytokinesis. This protein also interacts with other type II chaperonin members to form a complex known as the BBSome, which involves ciliary membrane biogenesis. This protein is encoded by a downstream open reading frame (dORF). Several upstream open reading frames (uORFs) have been identified, which repress the translation of the dORF, and two of which can encode small mitochondrial membrane proteins. Mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 6, also known as McKusick-Kaufman syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2023]

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, distal

Usher syndrome 2A (autosomal recessive, mild)

This gene encodes a protein that contains laminin EGF motifs, a pentaxin domain, and many fibronectin type III motifs. The protein is found in the basement membrane, and may be important in development and homeostasis of the inner ear and retina. Mutations within this gene have been associated with Usher syndrome type IIa and retinitis pigmentosa. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

myelodysplastic syndrome 2 translocation associated

Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Chromosome 13q14 deletion syndrome

Chromosome 16p13.3 duplication syndrome

Chromosome 6pter deletion syndrome

Werner syndrome, RecQ helicase-like

This gene encodes a member of the RecQ subfamily of DNA helicase proteins. The encoded nuclear protein is important in the maintenance of genome stability and plays a role in DNA repair, replication, transcription and telomere maintenance. This protein contains a N-terminal 3' to 5' exonuclease domain, an ATP-dependent helicase domain and RQC (RecQ helicase conserved region) domain in its central region, and a C-terminal HRDC (helicase RNase D C-terminal) domain and nuclear localization signal. Defects in this gene are the cause of Werner syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by accelerated aging and an elevated risk for certain cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Chromosome Xq28 duplication syndrome

Chromosome 2p12-p11.2 deletion syndrome

Ariculocondylar syndrome

Meckel syndrome, type 1

The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the basal body and is required for formation of the primary cilium in ciliated epithelial cells. Mutations in this gene result in Meckel syndrome type 1 and in Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 13. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

DiGeorge syndrome chromosome region

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) comprises hypocalcemia arising from parathyroid hypoplasia, thymic hypoplasia, and outflow tract defects of the heart. Disturbance of cervical neural crest migration into the derivatives of the pharyngeal arches and pouches can account for the phenotype. Most cases result from a deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 (the DiGeorge syndrome chromosome region, or DGCR). Several genes are lost including the putative transcription factor TUPLE1 which is expressed in the appropriate distribution. This deletion may present with a variety of phenotypes: Shprintzen, or velocardiofacial, syndrome (VCFS; MIM 192430); conotruncal anomaly face (or Takao syndrome); and isolated outflow tract defects of the heart including tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and interrupted aortic arch. A collective acronym CATCH22 has been proposed for these differing presentations. A small number of cases of DGS have defects in other chromosomes, notably 10p13 (see MIM 601362). In the mouse, a transgenic Hox A3 (Hox 1.5) knockout produces a phenotype similar to DGS as do the teratogens retinoic acid and alcohol.[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009]

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1 pseudogene

Angelman syndrome chromosome region

Angelman syndrome (AS) is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, movement or balance disorders, seizures, and limitations in speech and language development. Most cases of AS are caused by deletion in the 15q11-q13 region of the maternal chromosome. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a clinically distinct disorder resulting from paternal deletion of the 15q11-q13 region. Clinical features similar to AS are also shown in chromosome 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

Chromosome 2q31.2 deletion syndrome

Rajab syndrome

Chromosome 16p12.2-p11.2 deletion syndrome

Mammary-digital-nail syndrome

Chromosome 2p16.1-p15 deletion syndrome

Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 17

This gene encodes an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. This gene is located centromeric to the common deleted region in Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. This protein may play a role in membrane trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

Chromosome 6q11-q14 deletion syndrome

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) family of proteins share similar domain structure, and are involved in transduction of signals from receptors on the cell surface to the actin cytoskeleton. The presence of a number of different motifs suggests that they are regulated by a number of different stimuli, and interact with multiple proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated that these proteins, directly or indirectly, associate with the small GTPase, Cdc42, known to regulate formation of actin filaments, and the cytoskeletal organizing complex, Arp2/3. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare, inherited, X-linked, recessive disease characterized by immune dysregulation and microthrombocytopenia, and is caused by mutations in the WAS gene. The WAS gene product is a cytoplasmic protein, expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells, which show signalling and cytoskeletal abnormalities in WAS patients. A transcript variant arising as a result of alternative promoter usage, and containing a different 5' UTR sequence, has been described, however, its full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mental retardation, epileptic seizures, hypogonadism and -genitalism, microcephaly and obesity syndrome

Armfield X-linked mental retardation syndrome

Lubs X-linked mental retardation syndrome

Roifman syndrome

Chromosome 22q11.2 microduplication syndrome

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule

This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (Ig-CAMs), and is involved in human central and peripheral nervous system development. This gene is a candidate for Down syndrome and congenital heart disease (DSCHD). A gene encoding a similar Ig-CAM protein is located on chromosome 11. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

Catel-Manzke syndrome

ichthyosis congenita IV, ichthyosis-prematurity syndrome

Larsen-like syndrome

Chromosome 7q11.23 duplication syndrome

Brooks-Wisniewski-Brown syndrome

Moebius syndrome 1

Moebius syndrome 2

Moebius syndrome 3

thoracoabdominal syndrome

Chromosome 16p13.3 deletion syndrome

Down syndrome critical region 9 (non-protein coding)

Down syndrome critical region 4

The gene is found in a region of chromosome 21 that has been linked to the pathogenesis of Down syndrome. This gene is transcribed from a bi-directional promoter located in an endogenous retrovirus. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

Chromosome 17q23.1-q23.2 deletion syndrome

Aicardi syndrome

Chromosome 1p32-p31 deletion syndrome

Chromosome Xq27.3-q28 duplication syndrome

Chromosome 14q11-q22 deletion syndrome

Miles-Carpenter X-linked mental retardation syndrome

scapuloperoneal syndrome, myopathic type

Chromosome 17p13.3 duplication syndrome

Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 8

Enables GTPase activator activity; protein kinase binding activity; and protein kinase inhibitor activity. Contributes to guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Involved in negative regulation of gene expression; regulation of TOR signaling; and regulation of macroautophagy. Located in Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex; chromatin; and nucleoplasm. Part of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 2 (non-protein coding)

Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 5 (non-protein coding)

Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 6 (non-protein coding)

cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 7 (non-protein coding)

Hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome

WAGRO syndrome

oral-facial-digital syndrome 1

This gene is located on the X chromosome and encodes a centrosomal protein. A knockout mouse model has been used to study the effect of mutations in this gene. The mouse gene is also located on the X chromosome, however, unlike the human gene it is not subject to X inactivation. Mutations in this gene are associated with oral-facial-digital syndrome type I and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 2. Many pseudogenes have been identified; a single pseudogene is found on chromosome 5 while as many as fifteen have been found on the Y chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

Ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly syndrome 2

Chromosome Xp11.3 deletion syndrome

Martin-Probst deafness-mental retardation syndrome

microcephaly with spastic diplegia (Paine syndrome)

Prieto X-linked mental retardation syndrome

Chromosome 17q12 duplication syndrome

Usher syndrome 1K (autosomal recessive)

spastic paraplegia 38 (autosomal dominant, Silver syndrome)

Alstrom syndrome 1 pseudogene

Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome pseudogene 1

Acropectorovertebral dysplasia (F syndrome)

Acropectoral syndrome

Pierre Robin syndrome

Zimmerman-Laband Syndrome

Cerebral-cerebellar-coloboma syndrome, X-linked

Williams Beuren syndrome chromosome region 22

This gene encodes a protein containing a nuclear localization signal and an S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding motif typical of methyltransferases, suggesting that the encoded protein may act on DNA methylation. This gene is deleted in Williams syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

Wolfram syndrome 1 (wolframin)

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein, which is located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum and ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in brain, pancreas, heart, and insulinoma beta-cell lines. Mutations in this gene are associated with Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness), an autosomal recessive disorder. The disease affects the brain and central nervous system. Mutations in this gene can also cause autosomal dominant deafness 6 (DFNA6), also known as DFNA14 or DFNA38. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

chromosome 3q29 microduplication syndrome

Chromosome Xp11.23-p11.22 duplication syndrome

Asperger syndrome, susceptibility to, 1

Chromosome 18p deletion syndrome

Chromosome 18q deletion syndrome

Fanconi renotubular syndrome

Potocki-Lupski syndrome

cat eye syndrome chromosome region

Cat eye syndrome (CES) is characterized clinically by the combination of coloboma of the iris and anal atresia with fistula, downslanting palpebral fissures, preauricular tags and/or pits, frequent occurrence of heart and renal malformations, and normal or near-normal mental development. A small supernumerary chromosome (smaller than chromosome 21) is present, frequently has 2 centromeres, is bisatellited, and represents an inv dup(22)(q11).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2009]

FG syndrome 5

imprinted in Prader-Willi syndrome (non-protein coding)

This gene is non-protein coding, is expressed exclusively from the paternal allele, and may play a role in the imprinting process. Mutations in this gene are associated with Prader-Willi syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

Emanuel syndrome

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 11 (non-protein coding)

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 10 (non-protein coding)

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 12 (non-protein coding)

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 14

This gene is located within the minimal DGS critical region (MDGCR) thought to contain the gene(s) responsible for a group of developmental disorders. These disorders include DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome, and some familial or sporadic conotruncal cardiac defects which have been associated with microdeletion of 22q11.2. The encoded protein may be a component of C complex spliceosomes, and the orthologous protein in the mouse localizes to the nucleus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

Down syndrome critical region 10 (non-protein coding)

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Chromosome 15q24 deletion syndrome

Roifman-Chitayat syndrome

Chromosome 16q22 deletion syndrome

trichorhinophalangeal syndrome I

This gene encodes a transcription factor that represses GATA-regulated genes and binds to a dynein light chain protein. Binding of the encoded protein to the dynein light chain protein affects binding to GATA consensus sequences and suppresses its transcriptional activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) types I-III. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Chromosome 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome

dandy-walker syndrome

Chromosome 1q21.1 duplication syndrome

Williams-Beuren syndrome type 2

Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 2

Li-Fraumeni syndrome 3

asphixiating thoracic dystrophy (chondroectodermal dysplasia-like syndrome)

Usher syndrome 1H (autosomal recessive)

Usher syndrome 1C (autosomal recessive, severe)

This gene encodes a scaffold protein that functions in the assembly of Usher protein complexes. The protein contains PDZ domains, a coiled-coil region with a bipartite nuclear localization signal and a PEST degradation sequence. Defects in this gene are the cause of Usher syndrome type 1C and non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal recessive type 18. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

Usher syndrome 1G (autosomal recessive)

This gene encodes a protein that contains three ankyrin domains, a class I PDZ-binding motif and a sterile alpha motif. The encoded protein interacts with harmonin, which is associated with Usher syndrome type 1C. This protein plays a role in the development and maintenance of the auditory and visual systems and functions in the cohesion of hair bundles formed by inner ear sensory cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with Usher syndrome type 1G (USH1G). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

Usher syndrome 1E (autosomal recessive, severe)

Russell Silver syndrome

Seckel syndrome 3

Waisman syndrome

Radiation sensitivity/chromosome instability syndrome, autosomal dominant

Supernumerary der(22)t(8-22) syndrome

Gustavson mental retardation syndrome (with microcephaly, optic

Restless legs syndrome 3

Restless legs syndrome 2

Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to

Restless legs syndrome 7

Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 6

Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 5

Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 8

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-like

This gene encodes a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) protein family. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins share similar domain structure, and associate with a variety of signaling molecules to alter the actin cytoskeleton. The encoded protein is highly expressed in neural tissues, and interacts with several proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization, including cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) and the actin-related protein-2/3 (ARP2/3) complex. The encoded protein may be involved in the formation of long actin microspikes, and in neurite extension. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9

This gene is downregulated by parathyroid hormone in osteoblastic cells, and therefore is thought to be involved in parathyroid hormone action in bones. The exact function of this gene has not yet been determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1

Mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with the major form (type 1) of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The encoded protein may play a role in eye, limb, cardiac and reproductive system development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2

This gene is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene family. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe pigmentary retinopathy, obesity, polydactyly, renal malformation and cognitive disability. The proteins encoded by BBS gene family members are structurally diverse and the similar phenotypes exhibited by mutations in BBS gene family members is likely due to their shared roles in cilia formation and function. Many BBS proteins localize to the basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, and pericentriolar regions of cells. BBS proteins may also be involved in intracellular trafficking via microtubule-related transport. The protein encoded by this gene forms a multiprotein BBSome complex with seven other BBS proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5

This gene encodes a protein that has been directly linked to Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The primary features of this syndrome include retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, renal abnormalities and learning disabilities. Experimentation in non-human eukaryotes suggests that this gene is expressed in ciliated cells and that it is required for the formation of cilia. Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been observed but have not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4

This gene is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene family. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe pigmentary retinopathy, obesity, polydactyly, renal malformation and cognitive disability. The proteins encoded by BBS gene family members are structurally diverse. The similar phenotypes exhibited by mutations in BBS gene family members are likely due to the protein's shared roles in cilia formation and function. Many BBS proteins localize to the basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, and pericentriolar regions of cells. BBS proteins may also be involved in intracellular trafficking via microtubule-related transport. The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity to O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferases in plants and archaebacteria and in human forms a multi-protein `BBSome` complex with seven other BBS proteins. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7

This gene encodes one of eight proteins that form the BBSome complex containing BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, BBS8, BBS9 and BBIP10. The BBSome complex is believed to recruit Rab8(GTP) to the primary cilium and promote ciliogenesis. The BBSome complex assembly is mediated by a complex composed of three chaperonin-like BBS proteins (BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12) and CCT/TRiC family chaperonins. Mutations in this gene are implicated in Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a genetic disorder whose symptoms include obesity, retinal degeneration, polydactyly and nephropathy; however, mutations in this gene and the BBS8 gene are thought to play a minor role and mutations in chaperonin-like BBS genes are found to be a major contributor to disease development in a multiethnic Bardet-Biedl syndrome patient population. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2

This gene encodes a possible magnesium transporter. This gene is located adjacent to the imprinted domain in the Prader-Willi syndrome deletion region of chromosome 15. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 3, 7 and 21.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 1

This gene encodes a magnesium transporter that associates with early endosomes and the cell surface in a variety of neuronal and epithelial cells. This protein may play a role in nervous system development and maintenance. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 6. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1 pseudogene

antiphospholipid syndrome, familial

Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome

Duane retraction syndrome 1

Van der Woude syndrome modifier

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ig superfamily of cell adhesion molecules and is involved in neuronal differentiation. The encoded membrane-bound protein localizes to the cell surface, where it forms aggregates that repel neuronal processes of the same cell type. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

Sjogren syndrome antigen B (autoantigen La) pseudogene

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1 (non-protein coding)

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Microdeletion 17q21.31 syndrome

Noonan syndrome 2

Restless legs syndrome 4

Chromosome 7q11.23 deletion syndrome, distal, 1.2Mb

Adams-Oliver syndrome

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 10

This gene is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) gene family. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive retinal degeneration, obesity, polydactyly, renal malformation and cognitive disability. The proteins encoded by BBS gene family members are structurally diverse and the similar phenotypes exhibited by mutations in BBS gene family members is likely due to their shared roles in cilia formation and function. Many BBS proteins localize to the basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, and pericentriolar regions of cells. BBS proteins may also be involved in intracellular trafficking via microtubule-related transport. The protein encoded by this gene is likely not a ciliary protein but rather has distant sequence homology to type II chaperonins. As a molecular chaperone, this protein may affect the folding or stability of other ciliary or basal body proteins. Inhibition of this protein's expression impairs ciliogenesis in preadipocytes. Mutations in this gene cause Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 12

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex that is involved in membrane trafficking. The encoded protein is a molecular chaperone that aids in protein folding upon ATP hydrolysis. This protein also plays a role in adipocyte differentiation. Defects in this gene are a cause of Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 12. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

craniofacioskeletal syndrome

Sjogren syndrome nuclear autoantigen 1

Enables identical protein binding activity and microtubule binding activity. Involved in axonogenesis; cell division; and microtubule nucleation. Located in several cellular components, including axoneme; microtubule organizing center; and midbody. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Chromosome 17q21.31 duplication syndrome

Branchiootic syndrome 2

Chromosome 19q13.11 deletion syndrome

Sjogren syndrome antigen B (autoantigen La) pseudogene

Chromosome 10q deletion syndrome

Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 16

This gene encodes a protein containing regulator of chromosome condensation 1-like repeats. The encoded protein may function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 7 that is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

Otodental dysplasia chromosome deletion syndrome

chromosome 17q11.2 deletion syndrome

Leri pleonosteosis chromosome duplication syndrome

ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate syndrome 2

ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate syndrome 1

Chromosome 4q21 deletion syndrome

Chromosome 22q13 duplication syndrome

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 6-like

This gene, the result of a duplication at this locus, is one of two functional genes encoding nearly identical proteins that have similar expression patterns. The product of this gene is a protein that shares homology with the Drosophila gonadal protein, expressed in gonadal tissues and germ cells, and with the human laminin gamma-1 chain that functions in cell attachment and migration. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 22 implicated in the DiGeorge syndrome, one facet of a broader collection of anomalies referred to as the CATCH 22 syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Bloom syndrome, RecQ helicase-like

The Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth deficiency, microcephaly and immunodeficiency among others. It is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding DNA helicase RecQ protein on chromosome 15q26. This Bloom-associated helicase unwinds a variety of DNA substrates including Holliday junction, and is involved in several pathways contributing to the maintenance of genome stability. Identification of pathogenic Bloom variants is required for heterozygote testing in at-risk families. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

Wittwer syndrome

Chromosome 17p13.1 deletion syndrome

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome

Chromosome 11p15-p14 deletion syndrome

Chromosome 1q21.1 deletion syndrome

Bor-Duane hydrocephalus contiguous gene syndrome

Senior-Loken syndrome 3

Bazex syndrome

armadillo repeat gene deleted in velocardiofacial syndrome

Armadillo Repeat gene deleted in Velo-Cardio-Facial syndrome (ARVCF) is a member of the catenin family. This family plays an important role in the formation of adherens junction complexes, which are thought to facilitate communication between the inside and outside environments of a cell. The ARVCF gene was isolated in the search for the genetic defect responsible for the autosomal dominant Velo-Cardio-Facial syndrome (VCFS), a relatively common human disorder with phenotypic features including cleft palate, conotruncal heart defects and facial dysmorphology. The ARVCF gene encodes a protein containing two motifs, a coiled coil domain in the N-terminus and a 10 armadillo repeat sequence in the midregion. Since these sequences can facilitate protein-protein interactions ARVCF is thought to function in a protein complex. In addition, ARVCF contains a predicted nuclear-targeting sequence suggesting that it may have a function as a nuclear protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5

This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. This protein interacts with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6 protein and may interact with the cytoplasmic domain of integrin, alpha-3. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 5. Multiple transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 4

This gene encodes a protein component of biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complexes (BLOC). BLOC complexes are important for the formation of endosomal-lysosomal organelles such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Mutations in this gene result in subtype 4 of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a form of albinism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6

This intronless gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. This protein interacts with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5 protein. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1

This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. The encoded protein is a component of three different protein complexes termed biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex (BLOC)-3, BLOC4, and BLOC5. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene related to this gene is located on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 3

This gene encodes a protein containing a potential clathrin-binding motif, consensus dileucine signals, and tyrosine-based sorting signals for targeting to vesicles of lysosomal lineage. The encoded protein may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 3. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

lymphedema-cholestasis syndrome 1

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Brain Tumor-Polyposis Syndrome 2 (Disorder) in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, or Tourette syndrome (pleiotropy) phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the Autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia (combined) phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia (combined) phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Glial Tumor Of Brain (Disorder) in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain concussion; brain injuries; brain ischemia in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease schizophrenia; depressive disorder, major; bipolar disorder; delusional disorder; psychosis in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease anxiety disorder; depressive disorder, major; panic disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease attention deficit disorder; conduct disorder; oppositional defiant disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease conduct disorder; oppositional defiant disorder; antisocial personality disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease alzheimer's disease; attention deficit disorder; conduct disorder; oppositional defiant disorder; dementia, frontotemporal in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Pten Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome With Granular Cell Tumor in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Rhabdoid Tumor Predisposition Syndrome 1 (Disorder) in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025

genes co-occuring with the disease Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation tumor in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease digeorge syndrome; pharyngeal pouch; syndrome; velo-cardio-facial syndrome; 22q11 deletion syndrome in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain neoplasms; cerebellar neoplasms; ganglioglioma; glioma; medulloblastoma; neuroectodermal tumor, primitive; neuroectodermal tumors, primitive in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain tumor in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease childhood brain tumor in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations

gene mutations causing the increased brain tumor incidence phenotype in transgenic mice from the MPO Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From WikiPathways Pathways 2014

proteins participating in the Metastatic brain tumor(Homo sapiens) pathway from the WikiPathways Pathways 2014 dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Brain Tumor, Primary in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023

gene mutations causing the increased brain tumor incidence phenotype in transgenic mice from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset.

From WikiPathways Pathways 2024

proteins participating in the Metastatic brain tumor pathway from the WikiPathways Pathways 2024 dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain infarction; brain ischemia in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease arterial occlusive diseases; brain infarction; brain ischemia; coronary artery disease; stroke; thrombosis in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain edema; brain injuries; cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic; skull fractures; traumatic cerebral hemorrhage in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain damage, chronic; brain injuries in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain edema; brain injuries in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain infarction; brain ischemia; cerebrovascular disorders; hypertension; leukoaraiosis in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain concussion; brain injuries; unconsciousness in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain edema; brain hemorrhage, traumatic in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease asphyxia neonatorum; brain ischemia; hypoxia-ischemia, brain in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease apoplexy; brain infarction; brain ischemia; intracranial arteriosclerosis; stroke in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain damage, chronic; hypoxia-ischemia, brain; infant, newborn, diseases in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease brain hypoxia; burns; hypoxia, brain; spinal cord injuries in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Brain volume in infants (intracranial brain volume) phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease obesity; natural menopause; pof - premature ovarian failure; polycystic ovarian syndrome; polycystic ovary syndrome; primary ovarian insufficiency; puberty, delayed; puberty, precocious; thrombophilia; tobacco use disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease natural menopause; obesity; pof - premature ovarian failure; polycystic ovarian syndrome; polycystic ovary syndrome; primary ovarian insufficiency; puberty, delayed; puberty, precocious; thrombophilia; tobacco use disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025

genes co-occuring with the disease Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, epilepsy, and brain atrophy in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.

From DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025

genes co-occuring with the disease Neurodevelopmental disorder with brain abnormalities, poor growth, and dysmorphic facies in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.

From ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Neurodevelopmental disorder and structural brain anomalies phenotype from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease bipolar disorder; affective disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease depressive disorder, major; bipolar disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease bipolar disorder; unipolar disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease schizophrenia; alcoholism; attention deficit disorder; depression; neuroticism; affective disorder; suicidal behavior in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease schizoaffective disorder; alcoholism; bipolar disorder; suicide in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease bipolar affective disorder; unipolar affective disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease conduct disorder; hyperkinetic disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease major depressive disorder and panic disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease antisocial personality disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease schizophrenia; bipolar disorder; affective disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease schizophrenia; alcohol abuse; depressive disorder, major; dermal erythema; schizoaffective disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease seasonal affective disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease attention deficit disorder; seasonal affective disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease depressive disorder, major; bipolar disorder; affective psychoses in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease schizophrenia; schizoaffective disorder; bipolar disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease depressive disorder, major; bipolar disorder; suicide in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease schizophrenia; depressive disorder, major; bipolar disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease alcohol dependence, panic disorder without agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, narcolepsy in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease anxiety disorder; depressive disorder, major; neuroticism in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease schizophrenia; schizoaffective disorder; affective disorder in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease attention deficit disorder; conduct disorder; aggressive behavior in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the Functional impairment in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the Bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (combined) phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Bipolar disorder (age of onset <21) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Bipolar disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Oppositional defiant disorder dimensions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Eating disorder in bipolar disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Bipolar disorder and eating disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (mild neurocognitive disorder or asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment) phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (mild neurocognitive disorder) phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Functional impairment in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Disruptive behavior disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder x sex interaction phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder x sex interaction (3df) phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or recurrent major depressive disorder x sex interaction phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025

genes associated with the Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or recurrent major depressive disorder phenotype in GWAS datasets from the GWAS Catalog SNP-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset.

From ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome phenotype from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the Rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 2 phenotype from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the Rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 1 phenotype from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations

genes associated with the Tumor predisposition syndrome phenotype from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.

From CTD Gene-Disease Associations

genes/proteins associated with the disease Wilms Tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary Anomalies, Mental Retardation, and Obesity Syndrome from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From CTD Gene-Disease Associations

genes/proteins associated with the disease Tumor Lysis Syndrome from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From CTD Gene-Disease Associations

genes/proteins associated with the disease Rhabdoid Tumor Predisposition Syndrome 2 from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From CTD Gene-Disease Associations

genes/proteins associated with the disease Rhabdoid Tumor Predisposition Syndrome 1 from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From GAD Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the melanoma and neural system tumor syndrome phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the pten hamartoma tumor syndrome phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the {rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 2} phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies and mental retardation syndrome phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From OMIM Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the tumor predisposition syndrome phenotype from the curated OMIM Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1-Associated Periodic Syndrome in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome [Traps] in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Pten Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.

From DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations

genes associated with the disease Tumor Lysis Syndrome (Spontaneous) in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.