Harmonizome 3.0

cysteine-rich, DPF motif domain containing 1

cysteine-rich, DPF motif domain containing 1 pseudogene

steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 2 (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase alpha 2)

This gene encodes a microsomal protein expressed at high levels in androgen-sensitive tissues such as the prostate. The encoded protein is active at acidic pH and is sensitive to the 4-azasteroid inhibitor finasteride. Deficiencies in this gene can result in male pseudohermaphroditism, specifically pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias (PPSH). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 1 (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase alpha 1)

Steroid 5-alpha-reductase (EC 1.3.99.5) catalyzes the conversion of testosterone into the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Also see SRD5A2 (MIM 607306).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 1 pseudogene 1 (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase alpha pseudogene)

caspase 4, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase pseudogene

caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase pseudogene 1

cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 pseudogene

cysteine conjugate-beta lyase, cytoplasmic

This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme that is responsible for the metabolism of cysteine conjugates of certain halogenated alkenes and alkanes. This metabolism can form reactive metabolites leading to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Increased levels of this enzyme have been linked to schizophrenia. Multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cysteine conjugate-beta lyase 2

This gene encodes an aminotransferase that transaminates kynurenine to form kynurenic acid, which is a metabolite of tryptophan. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different proteins have been described for this gene. This gene shares 5' exon structure with the RNA binding motif protein, X-linked-like 1 locus on chromosome 1, but the coding sequences are non-overlapping. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

cysteine-rich hydrophobic domain 2

This gene encodes a member of the CHIC family of proteins. The encoded protein contains a cysteine-rich hydrophobic (CHIC) motif, and is localized to vesicular structures and the plasma membrane. This gene is associated with some cases of acute myeloid leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cysteine-rich hydrophobic domain 1

This gene encodes a cysteine-rich hydrophobic (CHIC) domain-containing protein, and is one of the few protein-coding genes found near the X-inactivation center. Studies in mouse indicate that the mouse ortholog of this gene is subject to X-inactivation in mouse. Experiments with other CHIC domain-containing family members show that the cysteine residues are palmitoylated post-translationally, resulting in membrane association. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain containing 2

Predicted to enable glycosaminoglycan binding activity. Involved in face morphogenesis. Located in transport vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain containing 1

Involved in face morphogenesis. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine/tyrosine-rich 1 antisense RNA 1

scavenger receptor cysteine rich family, 5 domains

Predicted to enable fibronectin binding activity; laminin binding activity; and scavenger receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in defense response; detection of bacterial lipoprotein; and negative regulation of interleukin-8 production. Predicted to act upstream of or within regulation of interleukin-8 production. Predicted to be located in collagen-containing extracellular matrix. Predicted to be active in extracellular matrix and extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine/histidine-rich 1

Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be located in nuclear envelope and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 1

This gene encodes a protein that localizes to the nucleus and expression of this gene is induced in response to elevated levels of axin. The Wnt signalling pathway, which is negatively regulated by axin, is important in axis formation in early development and impaired regulation of this signalling pathway is often involved in tumors. A decreased level of expression of this gene in tumors compared to the level of expression in their corresponding normal tissues suggests that this gene product has a tumor suppressor function. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CSRNP family of nuclear proteins that share conserved regions, including cysteine- and serine- rich regions, a basic domain, a transcriptional activation domain, and bind the sequence 'AGAGTG', thus have the hallmark of transcription factors. Studies in mice suggest that these genes may have redundant functions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 3

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHORD) containing 1 pseudogene

reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs

The protein encoded by this gene is a cysteine-rich, extracellular protein with protease inhibitor-like domains whose expression is suppressed strongly in many tumors and cells transformed by various kinds of oncogenes. In normal cells, this membrane-anchored glycoprotein may serve as a negative regulator for matrix metalloproteinase-9, a key enzyme involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

NFS1 cysteine desulfurase

Iron-sulfur clusters are required for the function of many cellular enzymes. The proteins encoded by this gene supply inorganic sulfur to these clusters by removing the sulfur from cysteine, creating alanine in the process. This gene uses alternate in-frame translation initiation sites to generate mitochondrial forms and cytoplasmic/nuclear forms. Selection of the alternative initiation sites is determined by the cytosolic pH. The encoded proteins belong to the class-V family of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aminotransferases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

cysteine dioxygenase type 1

Enables cysteine dioxygenase activity; ferrous iron binding activity; and zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in L-cysteine catabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase

This gene encodes a member of the group 2 decarboxylase family. A similar protein in rodents plays a role in multiple biological processes as the rate-limiting enzyme in taurine biosynthesis, catalyzing the decarboxylation of cysteinesulfinate to hypotaurine. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHORD) containing 2 pseudogene

LIM and cysteine-rich domains 1

This gene encodes a member of the LIM-domain family of zinc finger proteins. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain and two C-terminal LIM domains. The presence of LIM domains suggests involvement in protein-protein interactions. The protein may act as a co-regulator of transcription along with other transcription factors. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity and protein disulfide isomerase activity. Predicted to be located in Golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum; and extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 1

This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of epidermal growth factor-related proteins. The encoded protein is characterized by a cysteine-rich with epidermal growth factor-like domain. This protein may function as a cell adhesion molecule. Mutations in this gene are the cause of atrioventricular septal defect. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase pseudogene

secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (osteonectin)

This gene encodes a cysteine-rich acidic matrix-associated protein. The encoded protein is required for the collagen in bone to become calcified but is also involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and promotion of changes to cell shape. The gene product has been associated with tumor suppression but has also been correlated with metastasis based on changes to cell shape which can promote tumor cell invasion. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2015]

cysteine-rich tail protein 1

Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in biological process involved in interaction with symbiont and establishment of skin barrier. Located in cornified envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

autophagy related 4C, cysteine peptidase

Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding the same protein, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

autophagy related 4B, cysteine peptidase

Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

autophagy related 4A, cysteine peptidase

Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

autophagy related 4D, cysteine peptidase

Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene belongs to the autophagy-related protein 4 (Atg4) family of C54 endopeptidases. Members of this family encode proteins that play a role in the biogenesis of autophagosomes, which sequester the cytosol and organelles for degradation by lysosomes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 pseudogene

cysteine-rich transmembrane module containing 1

Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine-rich transmembrane module containing 1 pseudogene

cysteine-rich PDZ-binding protein

This gene encodes a protein that binds to the PDZ3 peptide recognition domain. The encoded protein may modulates protein interactions with the cytoskeleton. A mutation in this gene resulted in short stature with microcephaly and distinctive facies. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

cysteine-rich protein 1 (intestinal)

Cysteine-rich intestinal protein (CRIP) belongs to the LIM/double zinc finger protein family, members of which include cysteine- and glycine-rich protein-1 (CSRP1; MIM 123876), rhombotin-1 (RBTN1; MIM 186921), rhombotin-2 (RBTN2; MIM 180385), and rhombotin-3 (RBTN3; MIM 180386). CRIP may be involved in intestinal zinc transport (Hempe and Cousins, 1991 [PubMed 1946385]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

cysteine-rich protein 3

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within T cell proliferation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine-rich protein 2

This gene encodes a putative transcription factor with two LIM zinc-binding domains. The encoded protein may participate in the differentiation of smooth muscle tissue. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

transfer RNA cysteine (anticodon GCA)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

cysteine rich transmembrane BMP regulator 1 (chordin-like)

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein containing six cysteine-rich repeat domains and an insulin-like growth factor-binding domain. The encoded protein may play a role in tissue development though interactions with members of the transforming growth factor beta family, such as bone morphogenetic proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

cysteine-rich C-terminal 1

cysteine-rich secretory protein 1

Fertilization consists of a sequence of specific cell-cell interactions culminating in the fusion of the sperm and egg plasma membranes. Recognition, binding, and fusion occur through the interaction of complementary molecules that are localized to specific domains of the sperm and egg plasma membranes. In the sperm, the postacrosomal region or equatorial segment is involved in sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family. It is expressed in the epididymis, is secreted into the epididymal lumen, and binds to the postacrosomal region of the sperm head, where it plays a role in sperm-egg fusion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

cysteine-rich secretory protein 3

This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family within the CRISP, antigen 5 and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins superfamily. The encoded protein has an N-terminal CRISP, antigen 5 and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins domain, a hinge region, and a C-terminal ion channel regulator domain. This protein contains cysteine residues, located in both the N- and C-terminal domains, that form eight disulfide bonds, a distinguishing characteristic of this family. This gene is expressed in the male reproductive tract where it plays a role in sperm function and fertilization, and the female reproductive tract where it plays a role in endometrial receptivity for embryo implantation. This gene is upregulated in certain types of prostate cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]

cysteine-rich secretory protein 2

Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glutaredoxin, cysteine rich 2

This gene encodes a protein containing a glutaredoxin domain, which functions in protein S-glutathionylation. A mutation in this gene was found in a family with autoosomal recessive nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness-101. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family of enzymes. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic acid residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This protein is processed by caspases 7, 8 and 10, and is thought to function as a downstream enzyme in the caspase activation cascade. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. The precursor of the encoded protein is cleaved by caspase 3 and 10, is activated upon cell death stimuli and induces apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

caspase 4, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes composed of a prodomain and a large and small protease subunit. Activation of caspases requires proteolytic processing at conserved internal aspartic residues to generate a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of the large and small subunits. This caspase is able to cleave and activate its own precursor protein, as well as caspase 1 precursor. When overexpressed, this gene induces cell apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

caspase 5, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. Overexpression of the active form of this enzyme induces apoptosis in fibroblasts. Max, a central component of the Myc/Max/Mad transcription regulation network important for cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, is cleaved by this protein; this process requires Fas-mediated dephosphorylation of Max. The expression of this gene is regulated by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

caspase 2, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Caspases mediate cellular apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of specific protein substrates. The encoded protein may function in stress-induced cell death pathways, cell cycle maintenance, and the suppression of tumorigenesis. Increased expression of this gene may play a role in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and temporal lobe epilepsy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

The protein encoded by this gene is a cysteine-aspartic acid protease that plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. The encoded protein cleaves and inactivates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase while it cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins as well as caspases 6, 7, and 9. This protein itself is processed by caspases 8, 9, and 10. It is the predominant caspase involved in the cleavage of amyloid-beta 4A precursor protein, which is associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce 2 subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This gene was identified by its ability to proteolytically cleave and activate the inactive precursor of interleukin-1, a cytokine involved in the processes such as inflammation, septic shock, and wound healing. This gene has been shown to induce cell apoptosis and may function in various developmental stages. Studies of a similar gene in mouse suggest a role in the pathogenesis of Huntington disease. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes composed of a prodomain, a large protease subunit, and a small protease subunit. Activation of caspases requires proteolytic processing at conserved internal aspartic residues to generate a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of the large and small subunits. This protein is involved in the programmed cell death induced by Fas and various apoptotic stimuli. The N-terminal FADD-like death effector domain of this protein suggests that it may interact with Fas-interacting protein FADD. This protein was detected in the insoluble fraction of the affected brain region from Huntington disease patients but not in those from normal controls, which implicated the role in neurodegenerative diseases. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described, although not all variants have had their full-length sequences determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

caspase 9, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This protein can undergo autoproteolytic processing and activation by the apoptosome, a protein complex of cytochrome c and the apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1; this step is thought to be one of the earliest in the caspase activation cascade. This protein is thought to play a central role in apoptosis and to be a tumor suppressor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHORD) containing 1 pseudogene

glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit

Glutamate-cysteine ligase, also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, is the first rate limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, a heavy catalytic subunit and a light regulatory subunit. Gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency has been implicated in some forms of hemolytic anemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit

Glutamate-cysteine ligase, also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase is the first rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, a heavy catalytic subunit and a light regulatory subunit. This locus encodes the catalytic subunit, while the regulatory subunit is derived from a different gene located on chromosome 1p22-p21. Mutations at this locus have been associated with hemolytic anemia due to deficiency of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and susceptibility to myocardial infarction.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1

This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-rich protein (CSRP) family. This gene family includes a group of LIM domain proteins, which may be involved in regulatory processes important for development and cellular differentiation. The LIM/double zinc-finger motif found in this gene product occurs in proteins with critical functions in gene regulation, cell growth, and somatic differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (cardiac LIM protein)

This gene encodes a member of the CSRP family of LIM domain proteins, which may be involved in regulatory processes important for development and cellular differentiation. The LIM/double zinc-finger motif found in this protein is found in a group of proteins with critical functions in gene regulation, cell growth, and somatic differentiation. Mutations in this gene are thought to cause heritable forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2

CSRP2 is a member of the CSRP family of genes, encoding a group of LIM domain proteins, which may be involved in regulatory processes important for development and cellular differentiation. CRP2 contains two copies of the cysteine-rich amino acid sequence motif (LIM) with putative zinc-binding activity, and may be involved in regulating ordered cell growth. Other genes in the family include CSRP1 and CSRP3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

scavenger receptor cysteine rich family, 4 domains

The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily is an ancient and highly conserved group of cell surface and/or secreted proteins, some of which are involved in the development of the immune system and the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Group B SRCR domains usually contain 8 regularly spaced cysteines that give rise to a well-defined intradomain disulfide-bond pattern.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

glutaredoxin, cysteine rich 1

This gene is one of 60 loci associated with autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment. This gene encodes a protein which contains GRX-like domains; these domains play a role in the S-glutathionylation of proteins and may be involved in actin organization in hair cells. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHORD) containing 1

Enables Hsp90 protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including centrosome duplication; chaperone-mediated protein folding; and negative regulation of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SH3 and cysteine rich domain

Predicted to enable transmembrane transporter binding activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane; positive regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity; and skeletal muscle contraction. Predicted to act upstream of or within cellular response to heat; muscle contraction; and regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity. Predicted to be located in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase pseudogene 1

caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase pseudogene 3

caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase pseudogene 2

cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHORD) containing 1 pseudogene

cysteine-rich PAK1 inhibitor

CRIPAK is a negative regulator of PAK1 (MIM 602590) that is upregulated by estrogen (Talukder et al., 2006 [PubMed 16278681]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

caspase 10, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This protein cleaves and activates caspases 3 and 7, and the protein itself is processed by caspase 8. Mutations in this gene are associated with type IIA autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and gastric cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011]

caspase 14, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This caspase has been shown to be processed and activated by caspase 8 and caspase 10 in vitro, and by anti-Fas agonist antibody or TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand in vivo. The expression and processing of this caspase may be involved in keratinocyte terminal differentiation, which is important for the formation of the skin barrier. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

caspase 16, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (putative)

cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHORD) containing 1 pseudogene

cysteine/tyrosine-rich 1

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine-rich protein 1 (intestinal) pseudogene 4

cysteine-rich protein 1 (intestinal) pseudogene 2

sperm mitochondria-associated cysteine-rich protein

Sperm mitochondria differ in morphology and subcellular localization from those of somatic cells. They are elongated, flattened, and arranged circumferentially to form a helical coiled sheath in the midpiece of the sperm flagellum. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the capsule associated with the mitochondrial outer membranes and is thought to function in the organization and stabilization of the helical structure of the sperm's mitochondrial sheath. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SH3 and cysteine rich domain 2

This gene encodes a protein containing an SH3 domain and a zinc finger domain. The encoded protein has been shown to regulate calcium channel inactivation in a human cell line. Reduced expression of this gene has been observed in human heart failure. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

SH3 and cysteine rich domain 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the excitation-contraction coupling machinery of muscles. This protein is a member of the Stac gene family and contains an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain and two SH3 domains. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Native American myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer, 61

The secreted protein encoded by this gene is growth factor-inducible and promotes the adhesion of endothelial cells. The encoded protein interacts with several integrins and with heparan sulfate proteoglycan. This protein also plays a role in cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

small cysteine and glycine repeat containing 4

Predicted to be located in intermediate filament. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small cysteine and glycine repeat containing 6

Predicted to be located in intermediate filament. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small cysteine and glycine repeat containing 10 (gene/pseudogene)

This gene is a member of a large gene family that encodes keratin associated proteins (KRTAP) that play a role in hair formation. This gene belongs to a subfamily of the KRTAP family termed small cysteine and glycine repeat containing (SCYGR) genes and it resides in a cluster of SCYGR genes on chromosome 2q36.3. Allelic polymorphisms in this gene result in both coding and non-coding transcripts; the reference genome represents the non-coding allele. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2024]

small cysteine and glycine repeat containing 1

small cysteine and glycine repeat containing 7

small cysteine and glycine repeat containing 8

small cysteine and glycine repeat containing 3

small cysteine and glycine repeat containing 2

small cysteine and glycine repeat containing 5

ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 1B

This gene encodes a multi-domain protein that is predominantly expressed in brain and testis. This protein interacts with amyloid beta protein precursor (AbetaPP) and may have a role in normal brain development, and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Expression of this gene has been shown to be elevated in patients with pre-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia associated with t(1;19) translocation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (some with different subcellular localization, PMID:15004329) have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 1A

Predicted to enable ephrin receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in ephrin receptor signaling pathway; neuron remodeling; and substrate-dependent cell migration. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process and regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 4A

Sterile alpha motifs (SAMs) in proteins such as SAMD4A are part of an RNA-binding domain that functions as a posttranscriptional regulator by binding to an RNA sequence motif known as the Smaug recognition element, which was named after the Drosophila Smaug protein (Baez and Boccaccio, 2005 [PubMed 16221671]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 4B

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening. Predicted to act upstream of or within cerebellar neuron development. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif and leucine zipper containing kinase AZK

This gene is a member of the MAPKKK family of signal transduction molecules and encodes a protein with an N-terminal kinase catalytic domain, followed by a leucine zipper motif and a sterile-alpha motif (SAM). This magnesium-binding protein forms homodimers and is located in the cytoplasm. The protein mediates gamma radiation signaling leading to cell cycle arrest and activity of this protein plays a role in cell cycle checkpoint regulation in cells. The protein also has pro-apoptotic activity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 5

Predicted to be involved in regulation of intracellular signal transduction. Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 7

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; chromatin binding activity; and histone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription; negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; and retinal rod cell development. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be part of PRC1 complex. Predicted to be active in nucleus. Implicated in macular degeneration. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 1

Enables chromatin binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling and protein homooligomerization. Is active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 3

sterile alpha motif domain containing 8

Predicted to enable ceramide cholinephosphotransferase activity and sphingomyelin synthase activity. Involved in ceramide biosynthetic process and regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process. Located in cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 9

This gene encodes a sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein. The encoded protein localizes to the cytoplasm and may play a role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are the cause of normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 4B

Involved in brush border assembly; protein localization to microvillus; and protein-containing complex assembly. Located in brush border and microvillus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1

Enables NAD+ nucleosidase activity; NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating; and identical protein binding activity. Involved in NAD catabolic process and response to axon injury. Is active in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 11 pseudogene 1

leucine rich repeat and sterile alpha motif containing 1

This gene encodes a ring finger protein involved in a variety of functions, including regulation of signaling pathways and cell adhesion, mediation of self-ubiquitylation, and involvement in cargo sorting during receptor endocytosis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 3

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in cilium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 6

This gene encodes a protein containing multiple ankyrin repeats and a SAM domain. It is thought that this protein may localize to the proximal region of the primary cilium, and may play a role in renal and cardiovascular development. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause a form of nephronophthisis (NPHP16), a chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha)

This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The encoded protein is a secreted growth factor that signals through the G-protein coupled receptor, CXC receptor 2. This protein plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. Aberrant expression of this protein is associated with the growth and progression of certain tumors. A naturally occurring processed form of this protein has increased chemotactic activity. Alternate splicing results in coding and non-coding variants of this gene. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 14

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actin filament organization; calcium-mediated signaling; and neuron projection development. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including actin cytoskeleton; dendrite; and postsynaptic density. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 15

Predicted to enable protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 12

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. Predicted to be active in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane. Implicated in familial adult myoclonic epilepsy 1. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 13

sterile alpha motif domain containing 10

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. Predicted to be active in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 11

Predicted to enable several functions, including DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; identical protein binding activity; and protein domain specific binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription and retinal rod cell development. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be part of PRC1 complex. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

WD repeat, sterile alpha motif and U-box domain containing 1

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-protein transferase activity. Predicted to be involved in protein ubiquitination. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif domain containing 9-like

This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that acts as a tumor suppressor but also plays a key role in cell proliferation and the innate immune response to viral infection. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal sterile alpha motif domain. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with myeloid disorders such as juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome. Naturally occurring mutations are also associated with hepatitis-B related hepatocellular carcinoma, normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis, and ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

integrin, alpha 2 (CD49B, alpha 2 subunit of VLA-2 receptor)

This gene encodes the alpha subunit of a transmembrane receptor for collagens and related proteins. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with a beta subunit and mediates the adhesion of platelets and other cell types to the extracellular matrix. Loss of the encoded protein is associated with bleeding disorder platelet-type 9. Antibodies against this protein are found in several immune disorders, including neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. This gene is located adjacent to a related alpha subunit gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

integrin, alpha 3 (antigen CD49C, alpha 3 subunit of VLA-3 receptor)

The gene encodes a member of the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain that function as cell surface adhesion molecules. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate light and heavy chains that comprise the alpha 3 subunit. This subunit joins with a beta 1 subunit to form an integrin that interacts with extracellular matrix proteins including members of the laminin family. Expression of this gene may be correlated with breast cancer metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor)

The gene encodes a member of the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain that function in cell surface adhesion and signaling. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate light and heavy chains that comprise the alpha 4 subunit. This subunit associates with a beta 1 or beta 7 subunit to form an integrin that may play a role in cell motility and migration. This integrin is a therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

integrin, alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide)

The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit that function in cell surface adhesion and signaling. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate light and heavy chains that comprise the alpha 5 subunit. This subunit associates with the beta 1 subunit to form a fibronectin receptor. This integrin may promote tumor invasion, and higher expression of this gene may be correlated with shorter survival time in lung cancer patients. Note that the integrin alpha 5 and integrin alpha V subunits are encoded by distinct genes. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

integrin, alpha L (antigen CD11A (p180), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1; alpha polypeptide)

ITGAL encodes the integrin alpha L chain. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This I-domain containing alpha integrin combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), which is expressed on all leukocytes. LFA-1 plays a central role in leukocyte intercellular adhesion through interactions with its ligands, ICAMs 1-3 (intercellular adhesion molecules 1 through 3), and also functions in lymphocyte costimulatory signaling. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

integrin, alpha E (antigen CD103, human mucosal lymphocyte antigen 1; alpha polypeptide)

Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes an I-domain-containing alpha integrin that undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain, yielding disulfide-linked heavy and light chains. In combination with the beta 7 integrin, this protein forms the E-cadherin binding integrin known as the human mucosal lymphocyte-1 antigen. This protein is preferentially expressed in human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), and in addition to a role in adhesion, it may serve as an accessory molecule for IEL activation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

karyopherin alpha 3 (importin alpha 4) pseudogene

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4 pseudogene 1

ABO blood group (transferase A, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; transferase B, alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase) pseudogene

pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (TCF1) 2 pseudogene

transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha)

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that binds the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3'. The encoded protein functions as either a homodimer or as a heterodimer with similar family members. This protein activates the transcription of some genes while inhibiting the transcription of others. Defects in this gene are a cause of branchiooculofacial syndrome (BOFS). Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

karyopherin alpha 7 (importin alpha 8)

The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which consists of 60-100 proteins. Small molecules (up to 70 kD) can pass through the nuclear pore by nonselective diffusion while larger molecules are transported by an active process. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the importin alpha family, and is involved in nuclear protein import, but exhibits different nuclear localization signal binding specificity compared to other members of the family. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

karyopherin alpha 6 (importin alpha 7)

Nucleocytoplasmic transport, a signal- and energy-dependent process, takes place through nuclear pore complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope. The import of proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) requires the NLS import receptor, a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits also known as karyopherins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin beta docks the complex at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. In the presence of nucleoside triphosphates and the small GTP binding protein Ran, the complex moves into the nuclear pore complex and the importin subunits dissociate. Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the importin alpha family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

karyopherin alpha 5 (importin alpha 6)

The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC) which consists of 60-100 proteins and is probably 120 million daltons in molecular size. Small molecules (up to 70 kD) can pass through the nuclear pore by nonselective diffusion; larger molecules are transported by an active process. Most nuclear proteins contain short basic amino acid sequences known as nuclear localization signals (NLSs). KPNA5 protein belongs to the importin alpha protein family and is thought to be involved in NLS-dependent protein import into the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

karyopherin alpha 4 (importin alpha 3)

The nuclear import of karyophilic proteins is directed by short amino acid sequences termed nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Karyopherins, or importins, are cytoplasmic proteins that recognize NLSs and dock NLS-containing proteins to the nuclear pore complex. The protein encoded by this gene shares the sequence similarity with Xenopus importin-alpha and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srp1. This protein is found to interact with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

karyopherin alpha 3 (importin alpha 4)

The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which consists of 60-100 proteins. Small molecules (up to 70 kD) can pass through the nuclear pore by nonselective diffusion while larger molecules are transported by an active process. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the importin alpha family, and is involved in nuclear protein import. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1)

The import of proteins into the nucleus is a process that involves at least 2 steps. The first is an energy-independent docking of the protein to the nuclear envelope and the second is an energy-dependent translocation through the nuclear pore complex. Imported proteins require a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) which generally consists of a short region of basic amino acids or 2 such regions spaced about 10 amino acids apart. Proteins involved in the first step of nuclear import have been identified in different systems. These include the Xenopus protein importin and its yeast homolog, SRP1 (a suppressor of certain temperature-sensitive mutations of RNA polymerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which bind to the NLS. KPNA2 protein interacts with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen and may be involved in the nuclear transport of proteins. KPNA2 also may play a role in V(D)J recombination. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

karyopherin alpha 1 (importin alpha 5)

The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which consists of 60-100 proteins. Small molecules (up to 70 kD) can pass through the nuclear pore by nonselective diffusion while larger molecules are transported by an active process. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the importin alpha family, and is involved in nuclear protein import. This protein interacts with the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) protein and is a putative substrate of the RAG1 ubiquitin ligase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1) pseudogene

karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1) pseudogene

pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (TCF1) 2

Predicted to enable 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase activity. Involved in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 6

This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 29 protein family. Members of this protein family synthesize sialylglycoconjugates. Sialylation may contribute to multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that may be present in the Golgi apparatus. The encoded protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, may be involved in the synthesis of gangliosides GD1c, GT1a, GQ1b, and GT3 from GD1a, GT1b, GM1b, and GD3, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 4

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the polycondensation of alpha-2,8-linked sialic acid required for the synthesis of polysialic acid, a modulator of the adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1). The encoded protein, which is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29, is a type II membrane protein that may be present in the Golgi apparatus. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that is thought to catalyze the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to N-linked oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. The encoded protein may be found in the Golgi apparatus and may be involved in the production of polysialic acid, a modulator of the adhesive properties of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1). This protein is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1

Gangliosides are membrane-bound glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid. Ganglioside GD3 is known to be important for cell adhesion and growth of cultured malignant cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to GM3 to produce gangliosides GD3 and GT3. The encoded protein may be found in the Golgi apparatus and is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 pseudogene 1

karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1) pseudogene

karyopherin alpha 7 (importin alpha 8) pseudogene

pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha

This gene encodes a member of the pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The encoded protein functions as both a dehydratase involved in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, and as a cofactor for HNF1A-dependent transcription. A deficiency of this enzyme leads to hyperphenylalaninemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

defensin, alpha 1 and alpha 3, variable copy number locus

ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 3

Enables alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including ganglioside biosynthetic process; glycoprotein metabolic process; and sialylation. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase

This gene encodes the glycogen debrancher enzyme which is involved in glycogen degradation. This enzyme has two independent catalytic activities which occur at different sites on the protein: a 4-alpha-glucotransferase activity and a amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity. Mutations in this gene are associated with glycogen storage disease although a wide range of enzymatic and clinical variability occurs which may be due to tissue-specific alternative splicing. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

karyopherin alpha 4 (importin alpha 3) pseudogene

ABO blood group (transferase A, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; transferase B, alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase)

This gene encodes proteins related to the first discovered blood group system, ABO. Variation in the ABO gene (chromosome 9q34.2) is the basis of the ABO blood group, thus the presence of an allele determines the blood group in an individual. The 'O' blood group is caused by a deletion of guanine-258 near the N-terminus of the protein which results in a frameshift and translation of an almost entirely different protein. Individuals with the A, B, and AB alleles express glycosyltransferase activities that convert the H antigen into the A or B antigen. Other minor alleles have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2022]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6

ST6GALNAC6 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that modify proteins and ceramides on the cell surface to alter cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions (Tsuchida et al., 2003 [PubMed 12668675]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a Golgi type II transmembrane glycosyltransferase. The encoded protein catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid to cell surface proteins to modulate cell-cell interactions. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The encoded protein prefers glycoproteins rather than glycolipids as substrates and shows restricted substrate specificity, utilizing only the trisaccharide sequence Neu5Ac-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc. In addition, it is involved in the synthesis of ganglioside GD1A from GM1B. The encoded protein is normally found in the Golgi apparatus but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. This protein is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Readthrough transcripts exist for this gene and the downstream ST6GALNAC6 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2022]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 3

ST6GALNAC3 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that transfer sialic acids from CMP-sialic acid to terminal positions of carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins and glycolipids (Lee et al., 1999 [PubMed 10207017]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2

ST6GALNAC2 belongs to a family of sialyltransferases that add sialic acids to the nonreducing ends of glycoconjugates. At the cell surface, these modifications have roles in cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, bacterial adhesion, and protein targeting (Samyn-Petit et al., 2000 [PubMed 10742600]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1

Glycosylation of proteins affects cell-cell interaction, interactions with the matrix, and the functions of intracellular molecules. ST6GALNAC1 transfers a sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), in an alpha-2,6 linkage to O-linked GalNAc residues. The cancer-associated sialyl-Tn (sTn) antigen is formed by ST6GALNAC1-catalyzed sialylation of GalNAc residues on mucins (Ikehara et al., 1999 [PubMed 10536037]; Sewell et al., 2006 [PubMed 16319059]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19 pseudogene 5

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19 pseudogene 1

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19 pseudogene 3

tripartite motif-containing protein LOC642612

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 pseudogene 1

tripartite motif family-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the tri-partite motif (TRIM) family of proteins. This protein may be regulated by the tumor suppressor p53 and may regulate p53 through the enhancement of p53 SUMOylation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

tripartite motif family-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a tripartite motif family protein with similarities to E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases. While the function of the encoded protein has not been determined, the orthologous protein in mouse has been shown to bind ubiquitin-specific protease 5 and is involved in the blastocyst development stage. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

tripartite motif containing 75, pseudogene

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in female meiosis I and innate immune response. Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member J pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19 pseudogene 4

tripartite motif-containing 51

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 53A, pseudogene

RAD52 motif containing 1

This gene encodes a protein involved in the cellular response to cisplatin, a drug commonly used in chemotherapy. The protein encoded by this gene contains two motifs: a motif found in RAD52, a protein that functions in DNA double-strand breaks and homologous recombination, and an RNA recognition motif (RRM) that is not found in RAD52. The RAD52 motif region in RAD52 is important for protein function and may be involved in DNA binding or oligomerization. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member H, pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Its function has not been identified. Alternate splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 8

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family. Based on similarities to other proteins, the encoded protein is suspected to be an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Regulation of this gene may be altered in some cancers. Mutations resulting in a truncated protein product have been observed in early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

tripartite motif containing 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, also called the 'RING-B-box-coiled-coil' (RBCC) subgroup of RING finger proteins. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to cytoplasmic filaments. It is similar to a rat protein which is a specific partner for the tail domain of myosin V, a class of myosins which are involved in the targeted transport of organelles. The rat protein can also interact with alpha-actinin-4. Thus it is suggested that this human protein may play a role in myosin V-mediated cargo transport. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic filaments. It plays a neuroprotective role and functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase in proteasome-mediated degradation of target proteins. Mutations in this gene can cause early-onset axonal neuropathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

tripartite motif containing 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein forms homo-oligomers via the coilel-coil region and localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. It appears to function as a E3 ubiquitin-ligase and ubiqutinates itself to regulate its subcellular localization. It may play a role in retroviral restriction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

tripartite motif containing 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Its function has not been identified. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

tripartite motif containing 7

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1, a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and may represent a participant in the initiation of glycogen synthesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

tripartite motif containing 6

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, B-box type 1 and B-box type 2 domain, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to the nucleus, but its specific function has not been identified. This gene is mapped to chromosome 11p15, where it resides within a TRIM gene cluster. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript from this gene into the downstream TRIM34 gene has also been observed, which results in a fusion product from these neighboring family members. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

RGD motif, leucine rich repeats, tropomodulin domain and proline-rich containing

This gene encodes a member of the CARMIL (capping protein, Arp2/3, myosin-I linker) family of proteins. The encoded protein interacts with and negatively regulates the heterodimeric capping protein and promotes cell migration. Reduced expression of this gene has been observed in human psoriasis patients. Mutations in this gene cause a human immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by smooth muscle tumors and impaired T-cell function. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 49D1 pseudogene

IQ motif containing with AAA domain 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities (AAA) superfamily. Members of this superfamily, found in all organisms, participate in a large number of cellular processes and contain the ATPase module consisting of an alpha-beta-alpha core domain and the Walker A and B motifs of the P-loop NTPases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

LYR motif containing 5

Involved in respiratory electron transport chain. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4-like 1

This gene is one of several cytokine genes that are clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins that function in inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes. The protein encoded by this family member is similar to the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 product, which inhibits HIV entry by binding to the cellular receptor CCR5. The copy number of this gene varies among individuals, where most individuals have one to five copies. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4-like 2

This gene is one of several cytokine genes that are clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins that function in inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes. The protein encoded by this family member is similar to the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 product, which inhibits HIV entry by binding to the cellular receptor CCR5. The copy number of this gene varies among individuals, where most individuals have one to five copies. This gene copy contains a non-consensus splice acceptor site at the 3' terminal exon found in other highly similar gene copies, and it thus uses other alternative splice sites for the 3' terminal exon, resulting in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 4

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 3

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member G pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 7, Y-linked

RNA binding motif protein 26

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 27

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nuclear speck. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 24

Enables mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding activity; mRNA CDS binding activity; and sequence-specific mRNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation; positive regulation of cell differentiation; and regulation of mRNA metabolic process. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 25

Enables mRNA binding activity. Involved in regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome and regulation of apoptotic process. Located in nuclear speck. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 22

This gene encodes an RNA binding protein. The encoded protein may play a role in cell division and may be involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18, and X. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

RNA binding motif protein 23

This gene encodes a member of the U2AF-like family of RNA binding proteins. This protein interacts with some steroid nuclear receptors, localizes to the promoter of a steroid- responsive gene, and increases transcription of steroid-responsive transcriptional reporters in a hormone-dependent manner. It is also implicated in the steroid receptor-dependent regulation of alternative splicing. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein 20

This gene encodes a protein that binds RNA and regulates splicing. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

RNA binding motif protein 28

The protein encoded by this gene is a specific nucleolar component of the spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)complexes . It specifically associates with U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), possibly coordinating their transition through the nucleolus. Mutation in this gene causes alopecia, progressive neurological defects, and endocrinopathy (ANE syndrome), a pleiotropic and clinically heterogeneous disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

BRO1 domain and CAAX motif containing

Involved in mitotic nuclear membrane reassembly. Located in nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 1 pseudogene 1

tripartite motif containing 43C, pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 16

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 17

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 18

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 19

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 1 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member O pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing 51E, pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 78, pseudogene

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11

This antimicrobial gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, displays chemotactic activity for eosinophils, but not mononuclear cells or neutrophils. This eosinophil-specific chemokine is thought to be involved in eosinophilic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma and parasitic infections. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13

This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils, but not neutrophils. This chemokine plays a role in accumulation of leukocytes during inflammation. It may also be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during artherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14

This gene, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14, is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on 17q11.2. The CC cytokines are secreted proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene induces changes in intracellular calcium concentration and enzyme release in monocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Read-through transcripts are also expressed that include exons from the upstream cytokine gene, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15, and are represented as GeneID: 348249. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15

This gene is located in a cluster of similar genes in the same region of chromosome 17. These genes encode CC cytokines, which are secreted proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The product of this gene is chemotactic for T cells and monocytes, and acts through C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1). The proprotein is further processed into numerous smaller functional peptides. Naturally-occurring readthrough transcripts occur from this gene into the downstream gene, CCL14 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16

This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and monocytes but not for neutrophils. This cytokine also shows a potent myelosuppressive activity and suppresses proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. The expression of this gene is upregulated by IL-10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17

This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 16. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for T lymphocytes, but not monocytes or granulocytes. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8. This chemokine plays important roles in T cell development in thymus as well as in trafficking and activation of mature T cells. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (pulmonary and activation-regulated)

This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for naive T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and nonactivated lymphocytes, but not for monocytes or granulocytes. This chemokine attracts naive T lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes. It may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19

This antimicrobial gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the p-arm of chromosome 9. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene may play a role in normal lymphocyte recirculation and homing. It also plays an important role in trafficking of T cells in thymus, and in T cell and B cell migration to secondary lymphoid organs. It specifically binds to chemokine receptor CCR7. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member J

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. This protein likely functions as a splicing factor during spermatogenesis. Multiple closely related paralogs of this gene are found in a gene cluster in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y. Most of these related copies are thought to be pseudogenes, though several likely encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 6

Enables endoribonuclease inhibitor activity and ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process; and response to L-glutamate. Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Biomarker of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and prostate carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 4

Predicted to enable calcium channel activity. Involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process and regulation of calcium-mediated signaling. Located in Golgi stack and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 1

Enables death receptor binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of Fas signaling pathway; negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors; and negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane. Located in Golgi membrane; endosome membrane; and lysosomal membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 59

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 58

Predicted to enable protein homodimerization activity; protein kinase binding activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including positive regulation of autophagy; positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; and regulation of viral entry into host cell. Predicted to be active in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 55

The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein associates transiently with microtubules, myosin, and titin during muscle sarcomere assembly. It may act as a transient adaptor and plays a regulatory role in the assembly of sarcomeres. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 54

The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif and is highly similar to the ring finger proteins RNF28/MURF1 and RNF29/MURF2. In vitro studies demonstrated that this protein, RNF28, and RNF29 form heterodimers, which may be important for the regulation of titin kinase and microtubule-dependent signal pathways in striated muscles. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 56

Enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in defense response to virus; positive regulation of signal transduction; and protein monoubiquitination. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 50

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response. Predicted to act upstream of or within regulation of establishment of protein localization. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 52

Enables transcription coactivator activity and ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; and protein autoubiquitination. Located in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member W pseudogene

SLAIN motif family, member 2

Involved in cytoplasmic microtubule organization; microtubule nucleation; and positive regulation of microtubule polymerization. Located in centrosome; cytosol; and microtubule plus-end. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SLAIN motif family, member 1

Predicted to be involved in cytoplasmic microtubule organization; microtubule nucleation; and positive regulation of microtubule polymerization. Predicted to be located in microtubule plus-end. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KxDL motif containing 1

Involved in lysosome localization. Part of BORC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 3

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene

IQ motif containing with AAA domain 1 like

Predicted to enable ATP hydrolysis activity and microtubule severing ATPase activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule cytoskeleton organization. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member G, pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member D pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 4 pseudogene 2

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 4 pseudogene 1

Predicted to enable pyrophosphatase activity. Predicted to be involved in diphosphoinositol polyphosphate metabolic process and nucleotide catabolic process. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 15 pseudogene 1

tripartite motif containing 43B

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3

This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor with selectivity for three chemokines, termed CXCL9/Mig (monokine induced by interferon-g), CXCL10/IP10 (interferon-g-inducible 10 kDa protein) and CXCL11/I-TAC (interferon-inducible T cell a-chemoattractant). Binding of chemokines to this protein induces cellular responses that are involved in leukocyte traffic, most notably integrin activation, cytoskeletal changes and chemotactic migration. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. One of the isoforms (CXCR3-B) shows high affinity binding to chemokine, CXCL4/PF4 (PMID:12782716). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. This protein is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8). It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein activated second messenger system. This receptor also binds to chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1/MGSA), a protein with melanoma growth stimulating activity, and has been shown to be a major component required for serum-dependent melanoma cell growth. This receptor mediates neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation. The angiogenic effects of IL8 in intestinal microvascular endothelial cells are found to be mediated by this receptor. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this receptor controls the positioning of oligodendrocyte precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration. This gene, IL8RA, a gene encoding another high affinity IL8 receptor, as well as IL8RBP, a pseudogene of IL8RB, form a gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q33-q36. Alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. This protein is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8). It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein activated second messenger system. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this protein inhibits embryonic oligodendrocyte precursor migration in developing spinal cord. This gene, IL8RB, a gene encoding another high affinity IL8 receptor, as well as IL8RBP, a pseudogene of IL8RB, form a gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q33-q36. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 6

The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains that belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. This family also includes CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, and CXCR7. This gene, which maps to the chemokine receptor gene cluster, is expressed in several T lymphocyte subsets and bone marrow stromal cells. The encoded protein and its exclusive ligand, chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16), are part of a signalling pathway that regulates T lymphocyte migration to various peripheral tissues (the liver, spleen red pulp, intestine, lungs, and skin) and promotes cell-cell interaction with dendritic cells and fibroblastic reticular cells. CXCR6/CCL16 also controls the localization of resident memory T lymphocytes to different compartments of the lung and maintains airway resident memory T lymphocytes, which are an important first line of defense against respiratory pathogens. The encoded protein serves as an entry coreceptor used by HIV-1 and SIV to enter target cells, in conjunction with CD4. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5

This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. It is expressed in mature B-cells and Burkitt's lymphoma. This cytokine receptor binds to B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC), and is involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles of spleen and Peyer patches. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4

This gene encodes a CXC chemokine receptor specific for stromal cell-derived factor-1. The protein has 7 transmembrane regions and is located on the cell surface. It acts with the CD4 protein to support HIV entry into cells and is also highly expressed in breast cancer cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

WDYHV motif containing 1

Predicted to enable protein-N-terminal glutamine amidohydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in protein modification process. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 16

Enables several functions, including RNA binding activity; metal ion binding activity; and pyrophosphatase activity. Involved in RNA metabolic process and positive regulation of cell cycle process. Located in cytoplasm; nucleolus; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 2, Y-linked

zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2 pseudogene

C-x(9)-C motif containing 1

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C-x(9)-C motif containing 2

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

C-x(9)-C motif containing 4

This gene was identified by involvement in some t(X;14) translocations associated with mature T-cell proliferations. This region has a complex gene structure, with a common promoter and 5' exon spliced to two different sets of 3' exons that encode two different proteins. This gene represents the downstream 8 kDa protein that localizes to mitochondria.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

AT hook, DNA binding motif, containing 1

This gene encodes a protein containing two AT-hooks, which likely function in DNA binding. Mutations in this gene were found in individuals with Xia-Gibbs syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 11

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 12

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 13

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked-like 1

This gene represents a retrogene of RNA binding motif protein, X-linked (RBMX), which is located on chromosome X. While all introns in the coding sequence have been processed out compared to the RBMX locus, the ORF is intact and there is specific evidence for transcription at this location. The preservation of the ORF by purifying selection in all Old World monkeys carrying it suggests that this locus is likely to be functional, possibly during male meiosis when X chromosomal genes are silenced or during haploid stages of spermatogenesis. This gene shares 5' exon structure with the cysteine conjugate-beta lyase 2 locus on chromosome 1, but the coding sequences are non-overlapping. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009]

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked-like 3

Predicted to enable mRNA binding activity and snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked-like 2

This gene belongs to the HNRPG subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two RRM domains that bind RNAs. This gene is intronless and is thought to be derived from a processed retroposon. However, unlike many retroposon-derived genes, this gene is not a pseudogene. The encoded protein has similarity to HNRPG and RBMY proteins and it is suggested to replace HNRPG protein function during meiotic prophase or act as a germ cell-specific splicing regulator. It primarily localizes to the nuclei of meiotic spermatocytes. This gene is a candidate for autosomal male infertility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 9 pseudogene 1

tripartite motif-containing 51F, pseudogene

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28

This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. This chemokine may play a role in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21

This antimicrobial gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the p-arm of chromosome 9. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. Similar to other chemokines the protein encoded by this gene inhibits hemopoiesis and stimulates chemotaxis. This protein is chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T cells, but not for B cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. The cytokine encoded by this gene may also play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs. It is a high affinity functional ligand for chemokine receptor 7 that is expressed on T and B lymphocytes and a known receptor for another member of the cytokine family (small inducible cytokine A19). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20

This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The protein encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and can repress proliferation of myeloid progenitors. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 23

This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes and monocytes, lower activity on neutrophils and no activity on activated T lymphocytes. The protein is also a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. In addition, the product of this gene is a potent agonist of the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22

This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 16. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and for chronically activated T lymphocytes. It also displays a mild activity for primary activated T lymphocytes and has no chemoattractant activity for neutrophils, eosinophils and resting T lymphocytes. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptor CCR4. This chemokine may play a role in the trafficking of activated T lymphocytes to inflammatory sites and other aspects of activated T lymphocyte physiology. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25

This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for dendritic cells, thymocytes, and activated macrophages but is inactive on peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptor CCR9. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24

This gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes, a minimal activity on neutrophils, and is negative on monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. This protein also has antimicrobial activity, displaying an antibacterial effect on S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, Non-typeable H. influenzae, and P. aeruginosa. Finally, the protein is a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27

This gene is one of several CC cytokine genes clustered on the p-arm of chromosome 9. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The protein encoded by this gene is chemotactic for skin-associated memory T lymphocytes. This cytokine may also play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to cutaneous sites. It specifically binds to chemokine receptor 10 (CCR10). Studies of a similar murine protein indicate that these protein-receptor interactions have a pivotal role in T cell-mediated skin inflammation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26

This gene is one of two Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 7. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for normal peripheral blood eosinophils and basophils. This protein also has antimicrobial activity, displaying an antibacterial effect on S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, Non-typeable H. influenzae, and P. aeruginosa. The product of this gene is one of three related chemokines that specifically activate chemokine receptor CCR3. This chemokine may contribute to the eosinophil accumulation in atopic diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

RAD52 motif containing 1 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member T pseudogene

BH3-like motif containing, cell death inducer

This gene encodes a BH3-like motif containing protein involved in cell death. The encoded protein may induce apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. The protein is localized in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

RNA binding motif protein 7 pseudogene

putative tripartite motif-containing protein 64B

tripartite motif containing 53C, pseudogene

GVQW motif containing 1

tripartite motif containing 48 pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing 75 pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 28

The protein encoded by this gene mediates transcriptional control by interaction with the Kruppel-associated box repression domain found in many transcription factors. The protein localizes to the nucleus and is thought to associate with specific chromatin regions. The protein is a member of the tripartite motif family. This tripartite motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 29

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TRIM protein family. It has multiple zinc finger motifs and a leucine zipper motif. It has been proposed to form homo- or heterodimers which are involved in nucleic acid binding. Thus, it may act as a transcriptional regulatory factor involved in carcinogenesis and/or differentiation. It may also function in the suppression of radiosensitivity since it is associated with ataxia telangiectasia phenotype. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 24

The protein encoded by this gene mediates transcriptional control by interaction with the activation function 2 (AF2) region of several nuclear receptors, including the estrogen, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3 receptors. The protein localizes to nuclear bodies and is thought to associate with chromatin and heterochromatin-associated factors. The protein is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains - a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2 - and a coiled-coil region. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 25

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein is an RNA binding protein, functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase and is involved in multiple cellular processes, including regulation of antiviral innate immunity. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2021]

tripartite motif containing 26

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Although the function of the protein is unknown, the RING domain suggests that the protein may have DNA-binding activity. The gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region on chromosome 6. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

tripartite motif containing 27

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to the nuclear matrix. It interacts with the enhancer of polycomb protein and represses gene transcription. It is also thought to be involved in the differentiation of male germ cells. Fusion of the N-terminus of this protein with the truncated C-terminus of the RET gene product has been shown to result in production of the ret transforming protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 21

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The encoded protein is part of the RoSSA ribonucleoprotein, which includes a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. The RoSSA particle localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. RoSSA interacts with autoantigens in patients with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described but the full-length nature of only one has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 22

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to the cytoplasm and its expression is induced by interferon. The protein is involved in innate immunity against different DNA and RNA viruses. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2021]

tripartite motif containing 23

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein is also a member of the ADP ribosylation factor family of guanine nucleotide-binding family of proteins. Its carboxy terminus contains an ADP-ribosylation factor domain and a guanine nucleotide binding site, while the amino terminus contains a GTPase activating protein domain which acts on the guanine nucleotide binding site. The protein localizes to lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus. It plays a role in the formation of intracellular transport vesicles, their movement from one compartment to another, and phopholipase D activation. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 4

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of actin filament polymerization. Located in cytosol and microtubule cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 2

This gene encodes a member of the KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains (KANK) family of proteins, which play a role in cytoskeletal formation by regulating actin polymerization. The encoded protein functions in the sequestration of steroid receptor coactivators and possibly other proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with impaired kidney podocyte function and nephrotic syndrome, and keratoderma and woolly hair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 3

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of actin filament polymerization. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Kank family of proteins, which contain multiple ankyrin repeat domains. This family member functions in cytoskeleton formation by regulating actin polymerization. This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor for renal cell carcinoma. Mutations in this gene cause cerebral palsy spastic quadriplegic type 2, a central nervous system development disorder. A t(5;9) translocation results in fusion of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta gene (PDGFRB) on chromosome 5 with this gene in a myeloproliferative neoplasm featuring severe thrombocythemia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

C-x(9)-C motif containing 2 pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing 75 pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing protein 60-like

chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein 4 pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 6, Y-linked

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 8

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme contains two C-terminal TS motifs, and disrupts angiogenesis in vivo. A number of disorders have been mapped in the vicinity of this gene, most notably lung neoplasms. Reduced expression of this gene has been observed in multiple human cancers and this gene has been proposed as a potential tumor suppressor. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA binding motif 1 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member A pseudogene

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 7 pseudogene

family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A4

This gene is a member of the TAFA family which is composed of five highly homologous genes that encode small secreted proteins. These proteins contain conserved cysteine residues at fixed positions, and are distantly related to MIP-1alpha, a member of the CC-chemokine family. The TAFA proteins are predominantly expressed in specific regions of the brain, and are postulated to function as brain-specific chemokines or neurokines, that act as regulators of immune and nervous cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A5

This gene is a member of the TAFA family which is composed of five highly homologous genes that encode small secreted proteins. These proteins contain conserved cysteine residues at fixed positions, and are distantly related to MIP-1alpha, a member of the CC-chemokine family. The TAFA proteins are predominantly expressed in specific regions of the brain, and are postulated to function as brain-specific chemokines or neurokines that act as regulators of immune and nervous cells. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A2

This gene is a member of the TAFA family which is composed of five highly homologous genes that encode small secreted proteins. These proteins contain conserved cysteine residues at fixed positions, and are distantly related to MIP-1alpha, a member of the CC-chemokine family. The TAFA proteins are predominantly expressed in specific regions of the brain, and are postulated to function as brain-specific chemokines or neurokines, that act as regulators of immune and nervous cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A3

This gene is a member of the TAFA family which is composed of five highly homologous genes that encode small secreted proteins. These proteins contain conserved cysteine residues at fixed positions, and are distantly related to MIP-1alpha, a member of the CC-chemokine family. The TAFA proteins are predominantly expressed in specific regions of the brain, and are postulated to function as brain-specific chemokines or neurokines, that act as regulators of immune and nervous cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A1

This gene is a member of the TAFA family which is composed of five highly homologous genes that encode small secreted proteins. These proteins contain conserved cysteine residues at fixed positions, and are distantly related to MIP-1alpha, a member of the CC-chemokine family. The TAFA proteins are predominantly expressed in specific regions of the brain, and are postulated to function as brain-specific chemokines or neurokines that act as regulators of immune and nervous cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein 12B

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of RNA splicing. Predicted to be part of ribonucleoprotein complex. Predicted to be active in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked-like 3 pseudogene

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 1

This gene is one of several cytokine genes that are clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins that function in inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes. The protein encoded by this gene binds to several chemokine receptors, including chemokine binding protein 2 and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5). CCR5 is a co-receptor for HIV, and binding of this protein to CCR5 inhibits HIV entry. The copy number of this gene varies among individuals, where most individuals have one to six copies, and a minority of individuals have zero or more than six copies. There are conflicting reports about copy number variation of this gene and its correlation to disease susceptibility. This record represents one of two copies that are present on the ALT_REF_LOCI_2 alternate haplotype of the GRCh38 human reference genome assembly. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

tripartite motif-containing protein 51-like

chemokine (C motif) receptor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The family members are characterized by the presence of 7 transmembrane domains. The encoded protein transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ion level. The viral macrophage inflammatory protein-II is an antagonist of this receptor and blocks signaling. Some studies have implicated a cluster of genes at 3p21.31, including this gene, as associated with COVID-19 risk. The encoded protein may also play a role in cell proliferation and migration in several types of cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2023]

RNA binding motif protein 8A

This gene encodes a protein with a conserved RNA-binding motif. The protein is found predominantly in the nucleus, although it is also present in the cytoplasm. It is preferentially associated with mRNAs produced by splicing, including both nuclear mRNAs and newly exported cytoplasmic mRNAs. It is thought that the protein remains associated with spliced mRNAs as a tag to indicate where introns had been present, thus coupling pre- and post-mRNA splicing events. Previously, it was thought that two genes encode this protein, RBM8A and RBM8B; it is now thought that the RBM8B locus is a pseudogene. There are two alternate translation start codons with this gene, which result in two forms of the protein. An allele mutation and a low-frequency noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in this gene cause thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

RNA binding motif protein 8B pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing 51C, pseudogene

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1-like

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 5, Y-linked

SAYSVFN motif domain containing 1

Enables UFM1-modified protein reader activity. Involved in protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins and rescue of stalled ribosome. Located in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle. Is active in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LYR motif-containing protein 5-like

RNA binding motif protein 39 pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 22

Enables UDP-sugar diphosphatase activity and metal ion binding activity. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 21

The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a cleavage factor required for 3' RNA cleavage and polyadenylation processing. The interaction of the protein with the RNA is one of the earliest steps in the assembly of the 3' end processing complex and facilitates the recruitment of other processing factors. This gene encodes the 25kD subunit of the protein complex, which is composed of four polypeptides. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member A1 pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 64C

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 64B

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 71, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

The protein encoded by this gene is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that binds with miRNAs and maintains the growth and upkeep of embryonic stem cells. This gene also is involved in the G1-S phase transition of the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member Q pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 15B

Members of the SPEN (Split-end) family of proteins, including RBM15B, have repressor function in several signaling pathways and may bind to RNA through interaction with spliceosome components (Hiriart et al., 2005 [PubMed 16129689]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2009]

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 1

Predicted to enable protein kinase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including positive regulation of focal adhesion disassembly; positive regulation of keratinocyte migration; and regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization. Located in nucleolus. Implicated in intellectual developmental disorder with short stature and behavioral abnormalities and lung adenocarcinoma. Biomarker of lung non-small cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including activation of GTPase activity; postsynapse organization; and regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 2

This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the ARF family of small GTP-binding proteins. The encoded protein is a component of the postsynaptic density at excitatory synapses, and may play a critical role in cytoskeletal and synaptic organization through the activation of selected ARF substrates including ARF1 and ARF6. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in nonsyndromic X-linked cognitive disability. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

LKAAEAR motif containing 1

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 10

This gene belongs to the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin type-1 motifs) family of zinc-dependent proteases. ADAMTS proteases are complex secreted enzymes containing a prometalloprotease domain of the reprolysin type attached to an ancillary domain with a highly conserved structure that includes at least one thrombospondin type 1 repeat. They have been demonstrated to have important roles in connective tissue organization, coagulation, inflammation, arthritis, angiogenesis and cell migration. The product of this gene plays a major role in growth and in skin, lens, and heart development. It is also a candidate gene for autosomal recessive Weill-Marchesani syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13

This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins containing several distinct regions, including a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. The enzyme encoded by this gene specifically cleaves von Willebrand Factor (vWF). Defects in this gene are associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 12

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS-1) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS-1 motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The enzyme encoded by this gene contains eight TS-1 motifs. It may play roles in pulmonary cells during fetal development or in tumor processes through its proteolytic activity or as a molecule potentially involved in regulation of cell adhesion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 14

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme cleaves amino-terminal propeptides from type I procollagen, a necessary step in the formation of collagen fibers. Mutations in this gene may be associated with osteoarthritis in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 17

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein, which may promote breast cancer cell growth and survival. Mutations in this gene are associated with a Weill-Marchesani-like syndrome, which is characterized by lenticular myopia, ectopia lentis, glaucoma, spherophakia, and short stature. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 16

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein, which may inhibit chondrosarcoma cell proliferation and migration. This gene may regulate blood pressure. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 19

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene has high sequence similarity to the protein encoded by ADAMTS16, another family member. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 18

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein, which may regulate hemostatic balance and function as a tumor suppressor. Mutations in this gene may be associated with microcornea, myopic chorioretinal atrophy, and telecanthus (MMCAT) and cone-rod dystrophy in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 10

Chemokines are a group of small (approximately 8 to 14 kD), mostly basic, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes through interactions with a subset of 7-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. Chemokines are divided into 2 major subfamilies, CXC and CC, based on the arrangement of the first 2 of the 4 conserved cysteine residues; the 2 cysteines are separated by a single amino acid in CXC chemokines and are adjacent in CC chemokines. CCR10 is the receptor for CCL27 (SCYA27; MIM 604833); CCR10-CCL27 interactions are involved in T cell-mediated skin inflammation (Homey et al., 2002 [PubMed 11821900]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

tripartite motif containing 26B, pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member A1

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. This protein is thought to function as a splicing regulator during spermatogenesis. Multiple closely related paralogs of this gene are found in a gene cluster in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y. Most of these related copies are thought to be pseudogenes, though several likely encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 8, Y-linked

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member Y pseudogene

IQ motif containing B1

This gene encodes a nephrocystin protein that interacts with calmodulin and the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator protein. The encoded protein has a central coiled-coil region and two calmodulin-binding IQ domains. It is localized to the primary cilia of renal epithelial cells and connecting cilia of photoreceptor cells. The protein is thought to play a role in ciliary function. Defects in this gene result in Senior-Loken syndrome type 5. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member F pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 33

Enables N6-methyladenosine-containing RNA reader activity and lncRNA binding activity. Involved in RNA export from nucleus and regulation of mRNA stability. Located in cytoplasm. Is active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 39

This gene encodes a member of the U2AF65 family of proteins. The encoded protein is found in the nucleus, where it co-localizes with core spliceosomal proteins. It has been shown to play a role in both steroid hormone receptor-mediated transcription and alternative splicing, and it is also a transcriptional coregulator of the viral oncoprotein v-Rel. Multiple transcript variants have been observed for this gene. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

RNA binding motif protein 38

Enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity. Involved in DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; and regulation of gene expression. Located in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif containing

This gene encodes a Golgi protein with a PDZ domain. The PDZ domain is globular and proteins which contain them bind other proteins through short motifs near the C-termini. Mice which are deficient in the orthologous protein have globozoospermia and are infertile. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

basic, immunoglobulin-like variable motif containing

Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 49D2

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich 1

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of U2AF complex and spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member A3 pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing 51B, pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member N pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing 51D, pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 11 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member C

Enables RNA binding activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in regulation of RNA splicing. Located in nucleus. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member B

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. This protein likely functions as a splicing factor during spermatogenesis. Multiple closely related paralogs of this gene are found in a gene cluster in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y. Most of these related copies are thought to be pseudogenes, though several likely encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member F

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. Multiple copies of this gene are found in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y and the encoded protein is thought to be involved in spermatogenesis. Most copies of this locus are pseudogenes, although six highly similar copies have full-length ORFs and are considered functional. Four functional copies of this gene are found within inverted repeat IR2; two functional copies of this gene are found in palindrome P3, along with two copies of PTPN13-like, Y-linked. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member E

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. Multiple copies of this gene are found in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y and the encoded protein is thought to be involved in spermatogenesis. Most copies of this locus are pseudogenes, although six highly similar copies have full-length ORFs and are considered functional. Four functional copies of this gene are found within inverted repeat IR2; two functional copies of this gene are found in palindrome P3, along with two copies of PTPN13-like, Y-linked. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member D

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. This protein likely functions as a splicing factor during spermatogenesis. Multiple closely related paralogs of this gene are found in a gene cluster in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y. Most of these related copies are thought to be pseudogenes, though several likely encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

tripartite motif-containing protein LOC642612

leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 1

Predicted to be involved in regulation of signal transduction. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 4

Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 12

Nucleotides are involved in numerous biochemical reactions and pathways within the cell as substrates, cofactors, and effectors. Nudix hydrolases, such as NUDT12, regulate the concentrations of individual nucleotides and of nucleotide ratios in response to changing circumstances (Abdelraheim et al., 2003 [PubMed 12790796]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 13

Predicted to enable NADH pyrophosphatase activity. Predicted to be involved in NADH metabolic process and NADP catabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 10

This gene is a member of the nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif containing family. The encoded protein is a phosphohydrolase and may regulate the turnover of diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. The turnover of these high-energy diphosphoinositol polyphosphates represents a molecular switching activity with important regulatory consequences. Molecular switching by diphosphoinositol polyphosphates may contribute to the regulation of intracellular trafficking. In some populations putative prostate cancer susceptibility alleles have been identified for this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, which differ only in the 5' UTR, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 11

NUDT11 belongs to a subgroup of phosphohydrolases that preferentially attack diphosphoinositol polyphosphates (Hidaka et al., 2002 [PubMed 12105228]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 17

Predicted to enable NADH pyrophosphatase activity. Predicted to be involved in NAD catabolic process; NADH metabolic process; and NADP catabolic process. Predicted to be active in peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 14

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix hydrolases eliminate potentially toxic nucleotide metabolites from the cell and regulate the concentrations and availability of many different nucleotide substrates, cofactors, and signaling molecules. This enzyme contains a Nudix hydrolase domain and is a UDPG pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes UDPG to produce glucose 1-phosphate and UMP. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 15

This gene encodes an enzyme that belongs to the Nudix hydrolase superfamily. Members of this superfamily catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleoside diphosphates, including substrates like 8-oxo-dGTP, which are a result of oxidative damage, and can induce base mispairing during DNA replication, causing transversions. The encoded enzyme is a negative regulator of thiopurine activation and toxicity. Mutations in this gene result in poor metabolism of thiopurines, and are associated with thiopurine-induced early leukopenia. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 18

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix hydrolases eliminate potentially toxic nucleotide metabolites from the cell and regulate the concentrations and availability of many different nucleotide substrates, cofactors, and signaling molecules. This protein contains a Nudix hydrolase domain and hydrolyzes oxidized forms of guanosine and deoxyguanosine diphosphates. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19

Predicted to enable magnesium ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in acyl-CoA metabolic process and coenzyme A catabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 43 pseudogene 1

chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1

Fractalkine is a transmembrane protein and chemokine involved in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for fractalkine. The encoded protein also is a coreceptor for HIV-1, and some variations in this gene lead to increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rapid progression to AIDS. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member V pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 48

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 49

The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This gene has been found to be preferentially expressed in testis. Related pseudogenes and gene duplicates have also been identified on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

tripartite motif containing 46

This gene encodes a protein of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes zinc-binding domains, a RING finger region, a B-box motif and a coiled-coil domain. TRIM46 is reported to be involved in the proliferation of multiple types of cancer cells including lung and breast cancer. It has also been shown to control neuronal polarity and axon specification by forming uniform microtubule bundles in the axon. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

tripartite motif containing 47

Enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in protein ubiquitination. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 44

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, namely a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 45

Enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in negative regulation of inflammatory response; proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; and protein K48-linked ubiquitination. Located in cytosol; intercellular bridge; and nucleoplasm. Is active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 42

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, namely a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 43

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be located in centrosome. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 40

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family. The encoded protein may play a role as a negative regulator against inflammation and carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

tripartite motif containing 41

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM family is characterized by a signature motif composed of a RING finger, one or more B-box domains, and a coiled-coil region. This encoded protein may play a role in protein kinase C signaling. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 16-like 1

Enables snoRNA binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 20

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ADAMTS family of zinc-dependent proteases. The encoded protein has a signal peptide that is cleaved to release the mature peptide, which is secreted and found in the extracellular matrix. This protein may be involved in tissue remodeling. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

tripartite motif containing 64E, pseudogene

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 12, pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 1, Y-linked

C-x(9)-C motif containing 2 pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 39 pseudogene

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3 pseudogene 1

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3 pseudogene 2

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3 pseudogene 3

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3

This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. The encoded protein is a secreted growth factor that signals through the G-protein coupled receptor, CXC receptor 2. This protein plays a role in inflammation and as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2

This antimicrobial gene is part of a chemokine superfamily that encodes secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CXC subfamily, is expressed at sites of inflammation and may suppress hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines. Chemokines, which recruit and activate leukocytes, are classified by function (inflammatory or homeostatic) or by structure. This protein is proposed to bind the G-protein coupled receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 to recruit neutrophils, to promote angiogenesis and to remodel connective tissues. This protein is thought to play a role in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6

The protein encoded by this gene is a member CXC chemokine family. The encoded protein is a chemotactic for neutrophil granulocytes and has antibacterial action against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. This gene and other members of the CXC chemokine gene family form a gene cluster in a region of chromosome 4q. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9

This antimicrobial gene is part of a chemokine superfamily that encodes secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The protein encoded is thought to be involved in T cell trafficking. The encoded protein binds to C-X-C motif chemokine 3 and is a chemoattractant for lymphocytes but not for neutrophils. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CXC chemokine family and is a major mediator of the inflammatory response. The encoded protein is commonly referred to as interleukin-8 (IL-8). IL-8 is secreted by mononuclear macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. It functions as a chemotactic factor by guiding the neutrophils to the site of infection. Bacterial and viral products rapidly induce IL-8 expression. IL-8 also participates with other cytokines in the proinflammatory signaling cascade and plays a role in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This gene is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of the lower respiratory tract infection bronchiolitis, a common respiratory tract disease caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The overproduction of this proinflammatory protein is thought to cause the lung inflammation associated with csytic fibrosis. This proinflammatory protein is also suspected of playing a role in coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. This protein is also secreted by tumor cells and promotes tumor migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. This chemokine is also a potent angiogenic factor. The binding of IL-8 to one of its receptors (IL-8RB/CXCR2) increases the permeability of blood vessels and increasing levels of IL-8 are positively correlated with increased severity of multiple disease outcomes (eg, sepsis). This gene and other members of the CXC chemokine gene family form a gene cluster in a region of chromosome 4q. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

IQ motif containing B2 pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 15 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif protein 45 pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 21 pseudogene 1

tripartite motif containing 77

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 74

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 73

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 72, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including plasma membrane repair; proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; and protein homooligomerization. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; and negative regulation of myotube differentiation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and sarcolemma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 7

Enables 14-3-3 protein binding activity; pre-mRNA intronic binding activity; and snRNA binding activity. Involved in snRNA catabolic process. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 6

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 5

This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor gene which encodes a nuclear RNA binding protein that is a component of the spliceosome A complex. The encoded protein plays a role in the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through pre-mRNA splicing of multiple target genes including the tumor suppressor protein p53. This gene is located within the tumor suppressor region 3p21.3, and may play a role in the inhibition of tumor transformation and progression of several malignancies including lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

RNA binding motif protein 4

Enables RNA binding activity and cyclin binding activity. Involved in several processes, including IRES-dependent translational initiation of linear mRNA; negative regulation of translation; and regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Located in cytoplasmic stress granule; cytosol; and nuclear lumen. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif (RNP1, RRM) protein 3

This gene is a member of the glycine-rich RNA-binding protein family and encodes a protein with one RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain. Expression of this gene is induced by cold shock and low oxygen tension. A pseudogene exists on chromosome 1. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that are predicted to encode different isoforms have been characterized although some of these variants fit nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) criteria. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked

This gene belongs to the RBMY gene family which includes candidate Y chromosome spermatogenesis genes. This gene, an active X chromosome homolog of the Y chromosome RBMY gene, is widely expressed whereas the RBMY gene evolved a male-specific function in spermatogenesis. Pseudogenes of this gene, found on chromosomes 1, 4, 9, 11, and 6, were likely derived by retrotransposition from the original gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. A snoRNA gene (SNORD61) is found in one of its introns. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

C-x(9)-C motif containing 2 pseudogene

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 3

This gene is one of several cytokine genes that are clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins that function in inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes. The protein encoded by this gene binds to several chemokine receptors, including chemokine binding protein 2 and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5). CCR5 is a co-receptor for HIV, and binding of this protein to CCR5 inhibits HIV entry. The copy number of this gene varies among individuals, where most individuals have one to six copies, and a minority of individuals have zero or more than six copies. There are conflicting reports about copy number variation of this gene and its correlation to disease susceptibility.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member C pseudogene

NFAT activating protein with ITAM motif 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor that activates cytokine gene promoters such as the IL-13 and TNF-alpha promoters. The encoded protein contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and is thought to regulate the signaling and development of B-cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C motif) ligand 2

Predicted to enable CCR chemokine receptor binding activity and chemokine activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; chemokine-mediated signaling pathway; and eosinophil chemotaxis. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

chemokine (C motif) ligand 1

This antimicrobial gene encodes a member of the chemokine superfamily. Chemokines function in inflammatory and immunological responses, inducing leukocyte migration and activation. The encoded protein is a member of the C-chemokine subfamily, retaining only two of four cysteines conserved in other chemokines, and is thought to be specifically chemotactic for T cells. This gene and a closely related family member are located on the long arm of chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

YLP motif containing 1

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of telomere maintenance. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nuclear speck. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 8

Predicted to enable magnesium ion binding activity and manganese ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in nucleoside phosphate catabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 9

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix boxes are found in a family of diverse enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. This enzyme is an ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ADP-ribose to AMP and ribose-5-P. It requires divalent metal ions and an intact Nudix motif for enzymatic activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 1

Misincorporation of oxidized nucleoside triphosphates into DNA/RNA during replication and transcription can cause mutations that may result in carcinogenesis or neurodegeneration. The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that hydrolyzes oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates, such as 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-dATP, 2-hydroxy-dATP, and 2-hydroxy rATP, to monophosphates, thereby preventing misincorporation. The encoded protein is localized mainly in the cytoplasm, with some in the mitochondria, suggesting that it is involved in the sanitization of nucleotide pools both for nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which encode distinct isoforms, have been identified. Additional variants have been observed, but their full-length natures have not been determined. A rare single-nucleotide polymorphism that results in the production of an additional, longer isoform (p26) has been described. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2018]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 2

This gene encodes a member of the MutT family of nucleotide pyrophosphatases, a subset of the larger NUDIX hydrolase family. The gene product possesses a modification of the MutT sequence motif found in certain nucleotide pyrophosphatases. The enzyme asymmetrically hydrolyzes Ap4A to yield AMP and ATP and is responsible for maintaining the intracellular level of the dinucleotide Ap4A, the function of which has yet to be established. This gene may be a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and four transcript variants, all encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 3

NUDT3 belongs to the MutT, or Nudix, protein family. Nudix proteins act as homeostatic checkpoints at important stages in nucleoside phosphate metabolic pathways, guarding against elevated levels of potentially dangerous intermediates, like 8-oxo-dGTP, which promotes AT-to-CG transversions (Safrany et al., 1998 [PubMed 9822604]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2011]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 4

The protein encoded by this gene regulates the turnover of diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. The turnover of these high-energy diphosphoinositol polyphosphates represents a molecular switching activity with important regulatory consequences. Molecular switching by diphosphoinositol polyphosphates may contribute to regulating intracellular trafficking. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. Isoforms DIPP2alpha and DIPP2beta are distinguishable from each other solely by DIPP2beta possessing one additional amino acid due to intron boundary skidding in alternate splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 5

This gene belongs to the Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X) hydrolase superfamily. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of modified nucleoside diphosphates, including ADP-ribose (ADPR) and 8-oxoGua-containing 8-oxo-dADP and 8-oxo-dGDP. Protein-bound ADP ribose can be hazardous to the cell because it can modify some amino acid residues, resulting in the inhibition of ATP-activated potassium channels. 8-oxoGua is an oxidized form of guanine that can potentially alter genetic information by pairing with adenine and cytosine in RNA. Presence of 8-oxoGua in RNA results in formation of abnormal proteins due to translational errors. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 6

This gene overlaps and lies on the opposite strand from FGF2 gene, and is thought to be the FGF2 antisense gene. The two genes are independently transcribed, and their expression shows an inverse relationship, suggesting that this antisense transcript may regulate FGF2 expression. This gene has also been shown to have hormone-regulatory and antiproliferative actions in the pituitary that are independent of FGF2 expression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 7

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Nudix hydrolase family. Nudix hydrolases eliminate potentially toxic nucleotide metabolites from the cell and regulate the concentrations and availability of many different nucleotide substrates, cofactors, and signaling molecules. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 pseudogene 4

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 pseudogene 5

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 pseudogene 3

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2

This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. Elevated expression of the encoded protein is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3

This locus represents a small inducible cytokine. The encoded protein, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, plays a role in inflammatory responses through binding to the receptors CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5. Polymorphisms at this locus may be associated with both resistance and susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1

This antimicrobial gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, is secreted by activated T cells and displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for neutrophils. It binds to the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7

This gene encodes monocyte chemotactic protein 3, a secreted chemokine which attracts macrophages during inflammation and metastasis. It is a member of the C-C subfamily of chemokines which are characterized by having two adjacent cysteine residues. The protein is an in vivo substrate of matrix metalloproteinase 2, an enzyme which degrades components of the extracellular matrix. This gene is part of a cluster of C-C chemokine family members on chromosome 17q. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a mitogen-inducible monokine and is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. The encoded protein is secreted and has chemokinetic and inflammatory functions. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5

This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. This cytokine is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells. It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8

This antimicrobial gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils. By recruiting leukocytes to sites of inflammation this cytokine may contribute to tumor-associated leukocyte infiltration and to the antiviral state against HIV infection. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

triple QxxK/R motif containing

Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif containing C

IQ motif containing G

Enables Hsp70 protein binding activity and calmodulin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in sperm axoneme assembly. Located in actin cytoskeleton and cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif containing E

Involved in limb morphogenesis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of plasma membrane protein complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif containing D

Located in ciliary basal body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif containing K

This gene belongs to the IQ motif-containing family of proteins. The IQ motif serves as a binding site for different EF-hand proteins such as calmodulin. This gene was identified as a potential candidate gene for obsessive-compulsive disorder in a genome-wide association study. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

IQ motif containing J

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member K pseudogene

IQ motif containing H

RNA binding motif protein 4B pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 64F, pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 53B, pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member K, pseudogene

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 15

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. ADAMTS family members share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme, which may play a role in versican processing during skeletal muscle development. This gene may function as a tumor suppressor in colorectal and breast cancers. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

tripartite motif containing 11

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Its function has not been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 10

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Studies in mice suggest that this protein plays a role in terminal differentiation of erythroid cells. Alternate splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 13

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This gene is located on chromosome 13 within the minimal deletion region for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 15

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to the cytoplasm. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 14

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies and its function has not been determined. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

tripartite motif containing 17

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. The protein is expressed almost exclusively in the testis, but its function is unknown. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 16

The protein encoded by this gene is a tripartite motif (TRIM) family member that contains two B box domains and a coiled-coiled region that are characteristic of the B box zinc finger protein family. While it lacks a RING domain found in other TRIM proteins, the encoded protein can homodimerize or heterodimerize with other TRIM proteins and has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. This gene is also a tumor suppressor and is involved in secretory autophagy. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 2

This gene encodes a chemokine receptor like protein, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein and most closely related to CCR1. Chemokines and their receptors mediated signal transduction are critical for the recruitment of effector immune cells to the site of inflammation. This gene is expressed at high levels in primary neutrophils and primary monocytes, and is further upregulated on neutrophil activation and during monocyte to macrophage differentiation. The function of this gene is unknown. This gene is mapped to the region where the chemokine receptor gene cluster is located. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member S pseudogene

chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1

This gene belongs to the CX3C subgroup of chemokines, characterized by the number of amino acids located between the conserved cysteine residues. This is the only member of the CX3C subgroup, which contains three amino acids between cysteine residues, resulting in a Cys-X-X-X-Cys configuration. The encoded protein contains an extended mucin-like stalk with a chemokine domain on top, and exists in both a membrane-anchored form where it acts as a binding molecule, or, in soluble form, as a chemotactic cytokine. The mature form of this protein can be cleaved at the cell surface, yielding different soluble forms that can interact with the G-protein coupled receptor, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 gene product. This gene plays a role in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, vasculitis, neuropathies, atherosclerosis, inflammatory diseases, and in human immunodeficiency virus infections. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

tripartite motif-containing 75 pseudogene

pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7)

The protein encoded by this gene is a platelet-derived growth factor that belongs to the CXC chemokine family. This growth factor is a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils. It has been shown to stimulate various cellular processes including DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulates the formation and secretion of plasminogen activator by synovial cells. The protein also is an antimicrobial protein with bactericidal and antifungal activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

tripartite motif containing 33

The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a transcriptional corepressor. However, molecules that interact with this protein have not yet been identified. The protein is a member of the tripartite motif family. This motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described, however, the full-length nature of one variant has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 36

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 35

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The function of this protein has not been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

U2AF homology motif (UHM) kinase 1

The gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that promotes cell cycle progression through G1 by phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1), which causes nuclear export and degradation. The encoded protein is also thought to function in the adult nervous system and the gene has been associated with schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 5

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme contains two C-terminal TS motifs and functions as an aggrecanase that cleaves aggrecan, a major proteoglycan of cartilage, and may mediate cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 4

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of this family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The enzyme encoded by this gene lacks a C-terminal TS motif. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protease. This protease is responsible for the degradation of aggrecan, a major proteoglycan of cartilage, and brevican, a brain-specific extracellular matrix protein. The expression of this gene is upregulated in arthritic disease and this may contribute to disease progression through the degradation of aggrecan. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 7

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family. Members of this family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme contains two C-terminal TS motifs and may regulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration. Mutations in this gene may be associated with susceptibility to coronary artery disease. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 6

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. Expression of this gene may be regulated by the cytokine TNF-alpha. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene contains two disintegrin loops and three C-terminal TS motifs and has anti-angiogenic activity. The expression of this gene may be associated with various inflammatory processes as well as development of cancer cachexia. This gene is likely to be necessary for normal growth, fertility, and organ morphology and function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 3

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protease. This protease, a member of the procollagen aminopropeptidase subfamily of proteins, may play a role in the processing of type II fibrillar collagen in articular cartilage. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 2

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature procollagen N-proteinase. This proteinase excises the N-propeptide of the fibrillar procollagens types I-III and type V. Mutations in this gene cause Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIC, a recessively inherited connective-tissue disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 9

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. Members of the ADAMTS family have been implicated in the cleavage of proteoglycans, the control of organ shape during development, and the inhibition of angiogenesis. This gene is localized to chromosome 3p14.3-p14.2, an area known to be lost in hereditary renal tumors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar proteolytic processing. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 12, Y-linked

signal transducing adaptor molecule (SH3 domain and ITAM motif) 2

The protein encoded by this gene is closely related to STAM, an adaptor protein involved in the downstream signaling of cytokine receptors, both of which contain a SH3 domain and the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). Similar to STAM, this protein acts downstream of JAK kinases, and is phosphorylated in response to cytokine stimulation. This protein and STAM thus are thought to exhibit compensatory effects on the signaling pathway downstream of JAK kinases upon cytokine stimulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein 12

This gene encodes a protein that contains several RNA-binding motifs, potential transmembrane domains, and proline-rich regions. This gene and the gene for copine I overlap at map location 20q11.21. Alternative splicing in the 5' UTR results in four transcript variants. All variants encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

RNA binding motif protein 11

Enables poly(U) RNA binding activity and protein homodimerization activity. Acts upstream of or within cellular response to oxidative stress and regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Located in nuclear speck. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 10

This gene encodes a nuclear protein that belongs to a family proteins that contain an RNA-binding motif. The encoded protein associates with hnRNP proteins and may be involved in regulating alternative splicing. Defects in this gene are the cause of the X-linked recessive disorder, TARP syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

RNA binding motif protein 17

This gene encodes an RNA binding protein. The encoded protein is part of the spliceosome complex and functions in the second catalytic step of mRNA splicing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 9 and 15. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

RNA binding motif protein 15

Members of the SPEN (Split-end) family of proteins, including RBM15, have repressor function in several signaling pathways and may bind to RNA through interaction with spliceosome components (Hiriart et al., 2005 [PubMed 16129689]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2009]

RNA binding motif protein 14

This gene encodes a ribonucleoprotein that functions as a general nuclear coactivator, and an RNA splicing modulator. This protein contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) at the N-terminus, and multiple hexapeptide repeat domain at the C-terminus that interacts with thyroid hormone receptor-binding protein (TRBP), and is required for transcription activation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (with opposing effects on transcription) have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

RNA binding motif protein 19

This gene encodes a nucleolar protein that contains six RNA-binding motifs. The encoded protein may be involved in regulating ribosome biogenesis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

RNA binding motif protein 18

Predicted to enable RNA binding activity. Located in cytosol; intercellular bridge; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif-containing 51J, pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 13 pseudogene

zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2

This gene encodes an essential splicing factor. The encoded protein associates with the U2 auxiliary factor heterodimer, which is required for the recognition of a functional 3' splice site in pre-mRNA splicing, and may play a role in network interactions during spliceosome assembly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MEF2 activating motif and SAP domain containing transcriptional regulator

Predicted to enable transcription coregulator activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of myotube differentiation and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LYR motif containing 2

Involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LYR motif containing 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the mitochondrial leucine/tyrosine/arginine motif family of proteins. Proteins of this family are short polypeptides that contain a leucine/tyrosine/arginine motif near the N-terminus. This gene is widely expressed with high levels in omental adipose tissue of obese individuals. In adipose tissue, the protein is localized to the nucleus where it promotes preadipocyte proliferation and lowers the rate of apoptosis to regulate adipose tissue homeostasis. Overexpression of this gene in adipocytes causes abnormal mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial dysfunction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

LYR motif containing 4

The protein encoded by this gene is found in both mitochondria and the nucleus, where it binds cysteine desulfurase and helps free inorganic sulfur for Fe/S clusters. Disruption of this gene negatively impacts mitochondrial and cytosolic iron homeostasis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member H pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 14

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 13

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked pseudogene 4

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked pseudogene 3

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked pseudogene 2

tripartite motif containing 64B pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 34

This gene encodes a member of the RNA-binding motif family of RNA recognition motif proteins. The encoded protein contains an RNA-binding domain made up of two RNA recognition motif subdomains referred to as RNA recognition motif-1 and RNA recognition motif-2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

Ral GEF with PH domain and SH3 binding motif 2

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Predicted to be involved in Ras protein signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ral GEF with PH domain and SH3 binding motif 1

Enables guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Involved in regulation of Ral protein signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 10, Y-linked

LYR motif containing 7

Inner mitochondrial membrane complex III (CIII) is the main enzyme complex in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and Rieske Fe-S protein (UQCRFS1) is the last catalytic subunit added to the complex. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial matrix protein that stabilizes UQCRFS1 and chaperones it to the CIII complex. Defects in this gene are a cause of mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 8. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

LYR motif containing 9

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative tripartite motif-containing protein 64B

RAD52 motif containing 1 pseudogene

signal transducing adaptor molecule (SH3 domain and ITAM motif) 1

This gene encodes a member of the signal-transducing adaptor molecule family. These proteins mediate downstream signaling of cytokine receptors and also play a role in ER to Golgi trafficking by interacting with the coat protein II complex. The encoded protein also associates with hepatocyte growth factor-regulated substrate to form the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-0 (ESCRT-0), which sorts ubiquitinated membrane proteins to the ESCRT-1 complex for lysosomal degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

tripartite motif containing 68

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif-containing protein family, whose members are characterized by a `really interesting new gene` (RING) finger domain, a zinc-binding B-box motif, and a coiled-coil region. Members of this family function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and are involved in a broad range of biological processes. This gene regulates the activation of nuclear receptors, such as androgen receptor, and has been implicated in development of prostate cancer cells, where its expression increases in response to a downregulation of microRNAs. In addition, this gene participates in viral defense regulation as a negative regulator of interferon-beta. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

tripartite motif containing 69

This gene encodes a member of the RING-B-box-coiled-coil (RBCC) family and encodes a protein with an N-terminal RING finger motif, a PRY domain and a C-terminal SPRY domain. The mouse ortholog of this gene is specifically expressed in germ cells at the round spermatid stages during spermatogenesis and, when overexpressed, induces apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 60

The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger domain, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on more than six chromosomes including chromosome 4. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

tripartite motif containing 61

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response. Predicted to be active in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 62

Enables identical protein binding activity; transcription coactivator activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of viral transcription; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; and positive regulation of antifungal innate immune response. Is active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 63, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

This gene encodes a member of the RING zinc finger protein family found in striated muscle and iris. The product of this gene is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that localizes to the Z-line and M-line lattices of myofibrils. This protein plays an important role in the atrophy of skeletal and cardiac muscle and is required for the degradation of myosin heavy chain proteins, myosin light chain, myosin binding protein, and for muscle-type creatine kinase. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

tripartite motif containing 64

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 65

Enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in negative regulation of inflammatory response; positive regulation of metabolic process; and protein polyubiquitination. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. Is active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 66

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 67

Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of protein localization. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction; positive regulation of neuron projection development; and positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytoskeleton. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6

This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. The gene is preferentially expressed by immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The ligand of this receptor is macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha (MIP-3 alpha). This receptor has been shown to be important for B-lineage maturation and antigen-driven B-cell differentiation, and it may regulate the migration and recruitment of dentritic and T cells during inflammatory and immunological responses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 6

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 4

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 5

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 3

RNA binding motif protein 22 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Located in endoplasmic reticulum; nuclear membrane; and nucleolus. Part of U2-type precatalytic spliceosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1 pseudogene

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 pseudogene

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11

Chemokines are a group of small (approximately 8 to 14 kD), mostly basic, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes through interactions with a subset of 7-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. Chemokines are divided into 2 major subfamilies, CXC and CC. This antimicrobial gene is a CXC member of the chemokine superfamily. Its encoded protein induces a chemotactic response in activated T-cells and is the dominant ligand for CXC receptor-3. The gene encoding this protein contains 4 exons and at least three polyadenylation signals which might reflect cell-specific regulation of expression. IFN-gamma is a potent inducer of transcription of this gene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12

This antimicrobial gene encodes a stromal cell-derived alpha chemokine member of the intercrine family. The encoded protein functions as the ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4, and plays a role in many diverse cellular functions, including embryogenesis, immune surveillance, inflammation response, tissue homeostasis, and tumor growth and metastasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14

This antimicrobial gene belongs to the cytokine gene family which encode secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The protein encoded by this gene is structurally related to the CXC (Cys-X-Cys) subfamily of cytokines. Members of this subfamily are characterized by two cysteines separated by a single amino acid. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils or macrophages. It has been implicated that this cytokine is involved in the homeostasis of monocyte-derived macrophages rather than in inflammation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 17

The protein encoded by this gene is a mucosal chemokine that attracts immature dendritic cells and blood monocytes to the lungs. The encoded protein also promotes tumorigenesis through an angiogenic activity. Finally, this protein exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Two transcript variants, one protein-coding and the other non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16

Enables chemokine activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of cell growth; response to tumor necrosis factor; and response to type II interferon. Located in extracellular space. Biomarker of COVID-19 and systemic scleroderma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 11, Y-linked

RNA binding motif protein 48 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member X pseudogene

InaF-motif containing 1

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

InaF-motif containing 2

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member E pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 3, member A pseudogene

ubiquitin interaction motif containing 1

This gene encodes a nuclear protein that interacts with Brca1 (breast cancer 1) in a complex to recognize and repair DNA lesions. This protein binds ubiquitinated lysine 63 of histone H2A and H2AX. This protein may also function as a repressor of transcription. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

IQ motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein LOC642574

tripartite motif containing 64B pseudogene

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1

This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. The ligands of this receptor include macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3), and myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-1 (MPIF-1). Chemokines and their receptors mediated signal transduction are critical for the recruitment of effector immune cells to the site of inflammation. Knockout studies of the mouse homolog suggested the roles of this gene in host protection from inflammatory response, and susceptibility to virus and parasite. This gene and other chemokine receptor genes, including CCR2, CCRL2, CCR3, CCR5 and CCXCR1, are found to form a gene cluster on chromosome 3p. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a chemokine which specifically mediates monocyte chemotaxis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is involved in monocyte infiltration in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis as well as in the inflammatory response against tumors. The encoded protein mediates agonist-dependent calcium mobilization and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. This protein can also be a coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection. This gene is located in the chemokine receptor gene cluster region of chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. It belongs to family 1 of the G protein-coupled receptors. This receptor binds and responds to a variety of chemokines, including eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-3 (CCL26), MCP-3 (CCL7), MCP-4 (CCL13), and RANTES (CCL5). It is highly expressed in eosinophils and basophils, and is also detected in TH1 and TH2 cells, as well as in airway epithelial cells. This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. It is also known to be an entry co-receptor for HIV-1. This gene and seven other chemokine receptor genes form a chemokine receptor gene cluster on the chromosomal region 3p21. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor family . It is a receptor for the CC chemokine - MIP-1, RANTES, TARC and MCP-1. Chemokines are a group of small polypeptide, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes. The chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (gene/pseudogene)

This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. This protein is expressed by T cells and macrophages, and is known to be an important co-receptor for macrophage-tropic virus, including HIV, to enter host cells. Defective alleles of this gene have been associated with the HIV infection resistance. The ligands of this receptor include monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta) and regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES). Expression of this gene was also detected in a promyeloblastic cell line, suggesting that this protein may play a role in granulocyte lineage proliferation and differentiation. This gene is located at the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. An allelic polymorphism in this gene results in both functional and non-functional alleles; the reference genome represents the functional allele. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This receptor was identified as a gene induced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and is thought to be a mediator of EBV effects on B lymphocytes. This receptor is expressed in various lymphoid tissues and activates B and T lymphocytes. It has been shown to control the migration of memory T cells to inflamed tissues, as well as stimulate dendritic cell maturation. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19/ECL) has been reported to be a specific ligand of this receptor. Signals mediated by this receptor regulate T cell homeostasis in lymph nodes, and may also function in the activation and polarization of T cells, and in chronic inflammation pathogenesis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8

This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors are important for the migration of various cell types into the inflammatory sites. This receptor protein preferentially expresses in the thymus. I-309, thymus activation-regulated cytokine (TARC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 beta) have been identified as ligands of this receptor. Studies of this receptor and its ligands suggested its role in regulation of monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell apoptosis. More specifically, this receptor may contribute to the proper positioning of activated T cells within the antigenic challenge sites and specialized areas of lymphoid tissues. This gene is located at the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains that belongs to the beta chemokine receptor family. Chemokines and their receptors are key regulators of thymocyte migration and maturation in normal and inflammation conditions. This gene is differentially expressed in T lymphocytes of the small intestine and colon, and its interaction with chemokine 25 contributes to intestinal intra-epithelial lymphocyte homing to the small intestine. This suggests a role for this gene in directing immune responses to different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. This gene and its exclusive ligand, chemokine 25, are overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors and are closely associated with tumor proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and drug resistance. This gene maps to the chemokine receptor gene cluster. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 3, Y-linked

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member M pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 3 pseudogene

RNA binding motif protein 4B

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod; mRNA splicing, via spliceosome; and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of gene expression. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 41

Predicted to enable U12 snRNA binding activity and pre-mRNA intronic binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be part of U12-type spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 42

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 43

Predicted to enable RNA binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 44

Predicted to enable mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity and protein homodimerization activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and intercellular bridge. Predicted to be part of catalytic step 2 spliceosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 45

This gene encodes a member of the RNA recognition motif (RRM)-type RNA-binding family of proteins. This protein exhibits preferential binding to poly(C) RNA. Initial cloning of this gene found that the rat ortholog was dynamically expressed in the developing rat brain. This protein has been localized to inclusion bodies in the brain and spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's patients. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 8. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

RNA binding motif protein 46

Predicted to enable mRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle; meiotic nuclear division; and spermatid differentiation. Predicted to act upstream of or within mRNA stabilization and trophectodermal cell differentiation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 47

Enables enzyme binding activity; enzyme-substrate adaptor activity; and mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity. Involved in cytidine to uridine editing; positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway; and regulation of mRNA metabolic process. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Part of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 48

Predicted to enable RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in RNA splicing and mRNA processing. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif-containing 51G, pseudogene

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 15

tripartite motif containing 77B, pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 9, Y-linked

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 19 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 1

This gene encodes a member of a small family of proteins which bind single stranded DNA/RNA. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two sets of ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (RNP-CS) that contain conserved motifs, RNP1 and RNP2, originally described in RNA binding proteins, and required for DNA binding. These proteins have been implicated in such diverse functions as DNA replication, gene transcription, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Several transcript variants, resulting from alternative splicing and encoding different isoforms, have been described. A pseudogene for this locus is found on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 3

This gene encodes an RNA-binding protein that belongs to the c-myc gene single-strand binding protein family. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two sets of ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (RNP-CS) that contain conserved motifs, RNP1 and RNP2, originally described in RNA binding proteins, and required for DNA binding. These proteins have been implicated in such diverse functions as DNA replication, gene transcription, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. The encoded protein was isolated by virtue of its binding to an upstream element of the alpha2(I) collagen promoter. The observation that this protein localizes mostly in the cytoplasm suggests that it may be involved in a cytoplasmic function such as controlling RNA metabolism, rather than transcription. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a small family of proteins which bind single stranded DNA/RNA. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two sets of ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (RNP-CS) that contain conserved motifs, RNP1 and RNP2, originally described in RNA binding proteins, and required for DNA binding. The RBMS proteins have been implicated in such diverse functions as DNA replication, gene transcription, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. This protein was isolated by phenotypic complementation of cdc2 and cdc13 mutants of yeast and is thought to suppress cdc2 and cdc13 mutants through the induction of translation of cdc2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1

This gene encodes a member of the IQGAP family. The protein contains four IQ domains, one calponin homology domain, one Ras-GAP domain and one WW domain. It interacts with components of the cytoskeleton, with cell adhesion molecules, and with several signaling molecules to regulate cell morphology and motility. Expression of the protein is upregulated by gene amplification in two gastric cancer cell lines. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2

This gene encodes a member of the IQGAP family. The encoded protein contains three IQ domains, one calponin homology domain, one Ras-GAP domain and one WW domain. This protein interacts with components of the cytoskeleton, with cell adhesion molecules, and with several signaling molecules to regulate cell morphology and motility. It also acts as a tumor suppressor and has been found to play a role in regulating innate antiviral responses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 3

Enables calmodulin binding activity and myosin VI light chain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament organization. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle; intracellular signaling cassette; and regulation of macromolecule metabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be active in cell cortex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member U pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 48 pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing protein 38-like

tripartite motif containing 49B

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 49C

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 64D, pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing 75 pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 39

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The function of this protein has not been identified. This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6. Alternate splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 38

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The encoded protein contains a RING-type zinc finger, B box-type zinc finger and SPRY domain. The function of this protein has not been identified. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

tripartite motif containing 32

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. The protein has also been localized to the nucleus, where it interacts with the activation domain of the HIV-1 Tat protein. The Tat protein activates transcription of HIV-1 genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 31

This gene encodes a protein that functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. This gene shows altered expression in certain tumors and may be a negative regulator of cell growth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

tripartite motif containing 37

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, whose members are involved in diverse cellular functions such as developmental patterning and oncogenesis. The TRIM motif includes zinc-binding domains, a RING finger region, a B-box motif and a coiled-coil domain. The RING finger and B-box domains chelate zinc and might be involved in protein-protein and/or protein-nucleic acid interactions. Mutations in this gene are associated with mulibrey (muscle-liver-brain-eye) nanism, an autosomal recessive disorder that involves several tissues of mesodermal origin. TRIM37 localizes in peroxisomal membranes, and has been implicated in human peroxisomal biogenesis disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

tripartite motif containing 34

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, B-box type 1 and B-box type 2 domain, and a coiled-coil region. Expression of this gene is up-regulated by interferon. This gene is mapped to chromosome 11p15, where it resides within a TRIM gene cluster. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript from the upstream TRIM6 gene has also been observed, which results in a fusion product from these neighboring family members. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

IQ motif containing F6

Predicted to enable calmodulin binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif containing F5 pseudogene

IQ motif containing F5

Predicted to enable calmodulin binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif containing F2

Predicted to enable calmodulin binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif containing F3

Predicted to enable calmodulin binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif containing F1

Predicted to enable calmodulin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of acrosome reaction and positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility involved in capacitation. Located in acrosomal vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 16-like

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif containing F1 pseudogene

IQ motif and ubiquitin domain containing

Involved in flagellated sperm motility and mating. Predicted to be located in sperm flagellum. Predicted to be part of radial spoke. Predicted to be active in acrosomal vesicle and motile cilium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 49D1

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 64B pseudogene

nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 16 pseudogene 1

tripartite motif-containing 75 pseudogene

hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif-like

This gene encodes a member of the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcription factors. The sequence of the encoded protein contains a conserved bHLH and orange domain, but its YRPW motif has diverged from other HESR family members. It is thought to be an effector of Notch signaling and a regulator of cell fate decisions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 2

This gene encodes a member of the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcription factors. The encoded protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers that localize to the nucleus and interact with a histone deacetylase complex to repress transcription. Expression of this gene is induced by the Notch signal transduction pathway. Two similar and redundant genes in mouse are required for embryonic cardiovascular development, and are also implicated in neurogenesis and somitogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1

This gene encodes a nuclear protein belonging to the hairy and enhancer of split-related (HESR) family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcriptional repressors. Expression of this gene is induced by the Notch and c-Jun signal transduction pathways. Two similar and redundant genes in mouse are required for embryonic cardiovascular development, and are also implicated in neurogenesis and somitogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10

This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. Binding of this protein to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. This gene may also be a key regulator of the 'cytokine storm' immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2020]

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13

B lymphocyte chemoattractant, independently cloned and named Angie, is an antimicrobial peptide and CXC chemokine strongly expressed in the follicles of the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. It preferentially promotes the migration of B lymphocytes (compared to T cells and macrophages), apparently by stimulating calcium influx into, and chemotaxis of, cells expressing Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR-1). It may therefore function in the homing of B lymphocytes to follicles. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA binding motif 1 pseudogene

tripartite motif containing 60 pseudogene 4, Y-linked

zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA binding motif 1

Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome. U12-type spliceosome binds U12-type pre-mRNAs and recognizes the 5' splice site and branch-point sequence. U11 and U12 snRNPs are components of U12-type spliceosome and function as a molecular bridge connecting both ends of the intron. The protein encoded by this gene contains a RNA recognition motif. It was identified as one of the protein components of U11/U12 snRNPs. This protein and many other U11/U12 snRNP proteins are highly conserved in organisms known to contain U12-type introns. These proteins have been shown to be essential for cell viability, suggesting the key roles in U12-type splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 2 pseudogene 1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member B pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing 51H, pseudogene

CXXC motif containing zinc binding protein

Enables zinc ion binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 7, pseudogene

tripartite motif-containing 51G

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif containing N

Involved in spermatid development. Located in mitochondrion. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 78. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif containing 75

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in female meiosis I and innate immune response. Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif and ankyrin repeat containing 1

GVQW motif containing 3

TIM double twin CX3C motif chaperone

tropomyosin 1 (alpha) pseudogene

integrin, alpha 8

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptor proteins that mediate numerous cellular processes including cell adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and activation of cell signaling pathways. Integrins are composed of alpha and beta subunits. This gene encodes the alpha 8 subunit of the heterodimeric integrin alpha8beta1 protein. The encoded protein is a single-pass type 1 membrane protein that contains multiple FG-GAP repeats. This repeat is predicted to fold into a beta propeller structure. This gene regulates the recruitment of mesenchymal cells into epithelial structures, mediates cell-cell interactions, and regulates neurite outgrowth of sensory and motor neurons. The integrin alpha8beta1 protein thus plays an important role in wound-healing and organogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with renal hypodysplasia/aplasia-1 (RHDA1) and with several animal models of chronic kidney disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

integrin, alpha 9

This gene encodes an alpha integrin. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane glycoproteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain that mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. The protein encoded by this gene, when bound to the beta 1 chain, forms an integrin that is a receptor for VCAM1, cytotactin and osteopontin. Expression of this gene has been found to be upregulated in small cell lung cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

integrin, alpha 1

This gene encodes the alpha 1 subunit of integrin receptors. This protein heterodimerizes with the beta 1 subunit to form a cell-surface receptor for collagen and laminin. The heterodimeric receptor is involved in cell-cell adhesion and may play a role in inflammation and fibrosis. The alpha 1 subunit contains an inserted (I) von Willebrand factor type I domain which is thought to be involved in collagen binding. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

integrin, alpha 6

The gene encodes a member of the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain that function in cell surface adhesion and signaling. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate light and heavy chains that comprise the alpha 6 subunit. This subunit may associate with a beta 1 or beta 4 subunit to form an integrin that interacts with extracellular matrix proteins including members of the laminin family. The alpha 6 beta 4 integrin may promote tumorigenesis, while the alpha 6 beta 1 integrin may negatively regulate erbB2/HER2 signaling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

integrin, alpha 7

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. They mediate a wide spectrum of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and thus play a role in cell migration, morphologic development, differentiation, and metastasis. This protein functions as a receptor for the basement membrane protein laminin-1. It is mainly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles and may be involved in differentiation and migration processes during myogenesis. Defects in this gene are associated with congenital myopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit)

This gene encodes the integrin alpha X chain protein. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This protein combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 4 (CR4). The alpha X beta 2 complex seems to overlap the properties of the alpha M beta 2 integrin in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium cells, and in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

integrin, alpha V

The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit that function in cell surface adhesion and signaling. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate light and heavy chains that comprise the alpha V subunit. This subunit associates with beta 1, beta 3, beta 5, beta 6 and beta 8 subunits. The heterodimer consisting of alpha V and beta 3 subunits is also known as the vitronectin receptor. This integrin may regulate angiogenesis and cancer progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Note that the integrin alpha 5 and integrin alpha V subunits are encoded by distinct genes. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit)

This gene encodes the integrin alpha M chain. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This I-domain containing alpha integrin combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as macrophage receptor 1 ('Mac-1'), or inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 3 ('CR3'). The alpha M beta 2 integrin is important in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium, and also in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

integrin, alpha D

This gene belongs to the beta-2 integrin family of membrane glycoproteins, which are are composed of non-covalently linked alpha and beta subunits to form a heterodimer. It encodes the alpha subunit of the cell surface heterodimers and is involved in the activation and adhesion functions of leukocytes. The gene is located about 11kb downstream of the integrin subunit alpha X gene, another member of the integrin family. It is expressed in the tissue and circulating myeloid leukocytes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

alpha- and gamma-adaptin binding protein

The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the gamma-adaptin and alpha-adaptin subunits of complexes involved in clathrin-coated vesicle trafficking. Mutations in this gene are associated with type I punctate palmoplantar keratoderma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha

cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. It may interact with various A-kinase anchoring proteins and determine the subcellular localization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41)

This gene encodes a member of the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate light and heavy chains that associate through disulfide linkages to form a subunit of the alpha-IIb/beta-3 integrin cell adhesion receptor. This receptor plays a crucial role in the blood coagulation system, by mediating platelet aggregation. Mutations in this gene are associated with platelet-type bleeding disorders, which are characterized by a failure of platelet aggregation, including Glanzmann thrombasthenia. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

collagen alpha-1(III) chain-like

collagen alpha-2(I) chain-like

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 3 pseudogene 3

calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1, alpha

The product of this gene belongs to the Serine/Threonine protein kinase family, and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. This protein plays a role in the calcium/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) kinase cascade. Three transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Sec61 alpha 1 subunit (S. cerevisiae)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SECY/SEC61- alpha family. It appears to play a crucial role in the insertion of secretory and membrane polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein found to be tightly associated with membrane-bound ribosomes, either directly or through adaptor proteins. This gene encodes an alpha subunit of the heteromeric SEC61 complex, which also contains beta and gamma subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Sec61 alpha 2 subunit (S. cerevisiae)

The protein encoded by this gene has similarity to a mouse protein which suggests a role in the insertion of secretory and membrane polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum. It may also be required for the assembly of membrane and secretory proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

Fc fragment of IgE, high affinity I, receptor for; alpha polypeptide

The immunoglobulin epsilon receptor (IgE receptor) is the initiator of the allergic response. When two or more high-affinity IgE receptors are brought together by allergen-bound IgE molecules, mediators such as histamine that are responsible for allergy symptoms are released. This receptor is comprised of an alpha subunit, a beta subunit, and two gamma subunits. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

steroid 5 alpha-reductase 3

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family, and polyprenol reductase subfamily. It is involved in the production of androgen 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from testosterone, and maintenance of the androgen-androgen receptor activation pathway. This protein is also necessary for the conversion of polyprenol into dolichol, which is required for the synthesis of dolichol-linked monosaccharides and the oligosaccharide precursor used for N-linked glycosylation of proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Iq. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

T cell receptor alpha variable 23/delta variable 6

T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor alpha and delta loci. Both the alpha and delta loci include V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments and the delta locus also includes diversity (D) segments. The delta locus is situated within the alpha locus, between the alpha V and J segments. During T cell development, the delta chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a D segment with a J segment; a V segment is then joined to the D-J gene. The alpha chain is synthesized by recombination joining a single V segment with a J segment. For both chains, the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Five variable segments can be used in either alpha or delta chains and are described by TRAV/DV symbols. Several V and J segments of the alpha locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

collagen, type XIV, alpha 1

This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XIV collagen, a member of the FACIT (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices) collagen family. Type XIV collagen interacts with the fibril surface and is involved in the regulation of fibrillogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme

Enables several functions, including ATPase binding activity; calmodulin binding activity; and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity. Involved in several processes, including calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade; negative regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway; and peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation. Located in cytoplasm; cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane; and dendritic spine. Part of calcineurin complex. Implicated in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 91. Biomarker of cholangiocarcinoma; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; and schizophrenia. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

adrenoceptor alpha 2A

Alpha-2-adrenergic receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The alpha-2-adrenergic receptors are a type of adrenergic receptors (for adrenaline or epinephrine), which inhibit adenylate cyclase. These receptors include 3 highly homologous subtypes: alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C. They are involved in regulating the release of neurotransmitter molecules from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system regulates cardiovascular function by activating adrenergic receptors in the heart, blood vessels and kidney. Studies in mouse revealed that both the alpha2A and alpha2C receptor subtypes were required for presynaptic transmitter release from the sympathetic nervous system in the heart and from central noradrenergic neurons. The alpha-2-adrenergic receptors are also involved in catecholamine signaling by extracellular regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways. A clear association between the alpha-2-adrenergic receptor and disease has not been yet established. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2019]

adrenoceptor alpha 2B

This intronless gene encodes a seven-pass transmembrane protein. This protein is a member of a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors that regulate neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

adrenoceptor alpha 2C

Alpha-2-adrenergic receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. They include 3 highly homologous subtypes: alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C. These receptors have a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. The mouse studies revealed that both the alpha2A and alpha2C subtypes were required for normal presynaptic control of transmitter release from sympathetic nerves in the heart and from central noradrenergic neurons. The alpha2A subtype inhibited transmitter release at high stimulation frequencies, whereas the alpha2C subtype modulated neurotransmission at lower levels of nerve activity. This gene encodes the alpha2C subtype, which contains no introns in either its coding or untranslated sequences. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

enolase 1, (alpha)

This gene encodes alpha-enolase, one of three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. Each isoenzyme is a homodimer composed of 2 alpha, 2 gamma, or 2 beta subunits, and functions as a glycolytic enzyme. Alpha-enolase in addition, functions as a structural lens protein (tau-crystallin) in the monomeric form. Alternative splicing of this gene results in a shorter isoform that has been shown to bind to the c-myc promoter and function as a tumor suppressor. Several pseudogenes have been identified, including one on the long arm of chromosome 1. Alpha-enolase has also been identified as an autoantigen in Hashimoto encephalopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha

This gene encodes a homeodomain and LIM-domain containing protein. The encoded protein is a transcription factor that acts as a positive regulator of insulin gene transcription. This gene also plays a role in the development of dopamine producing neurons during embryogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

tubulin, alpha 3d pseudogene

ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that functions in copper transport across membranes. This protein is localized to the trans Golgi network, where it is predicted to supply copper to copper-dependent enzymes in the secretory pathway. It relocalizes to the plasma membrane under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, and functions in the efflux of copper from cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with Menkes disease, X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy, and occipital horn syndrome. Alternatively-spliced transcript variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

protocadherin alpha subfamily C, 2

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protocadherin alpha subfamily C, 1

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protocadherin alpha constant

The genomic organization of the human protocadherin alpha, beta, and gamma gene clusters (PCDHA@, PCDHB@ and PCDHG@) is remarkably similar to that of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. The extracellular and transmembrane domains of each protocadherin protein are encoded by an unusually large `variable` region exon, while the intracellular domains are encoded by three small `constant` region exons located downstream from a tandem array of variable region exons. This locus represents the three exons comprising the constant region of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (alpha)

This gene encodes the large subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase. This enzyme functions as a heterodimer and catalyzes the carboxylation of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA to form 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA. Mutations in this gene are associated with 3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria, an autosomal recessive disorder of leucine catabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. There are two ACC forms, alpha and beta, encoded by two different genes. ACC-alpha is highly enriched in lipogenic tissues. The enzyme is under long term control at the transcriptional and translational levels and under short term regulation by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of targeted serine residues and by allosteric transformation by citrate or palmitoyl-CoA. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants divergent in the 5' sequence and encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tropomyosin 1 (alpha) pseudogene

regenerating islet-derived 1 alpha

This gene is a type I subclass member of the Reg gene family. The Reg gene family is a multigene family grouped into four subclasses, types I, II, III and IV, based on the primary structures of the encoded proteins. This gene encodes a protein that is secreted by the exocrine pancreas. It is associated with islet cell regeneration and diabetogenesis and may be involved in pancreatic lithogenesis. Reg family members REG1B, REGL, PAP and this gene are tandemly clustered on chromosome 2p12 and may have arisen from the same ancestral gene by gene duplication. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

diacylglycerol lipase, alpha

This gene encodes a diacylglycerol lipase. The encoded enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

casein kinase 1, alpha 1-like

Predicted to enable protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway and signal transduction. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 1 pseudogene

actinin, alpha 3 (gene/pseudogene)

This gene encodes a member of the alpha-actin binding protein gene family. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and functions as a structural component of sarcomeric Z line. This protein is involved in crosslinking actin containing thin filaments. An allelic polymorphism in this gene results in both coding and non-coding variants; the reference genome represents the coding allele. The non-functional allele of this gene is associated with elite athlete status. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2024]

actinin, alpha 2

Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a muscle-specific, alpha actinin isoform that is expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

actinin, alpha 1

Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a nonmuscle, cytoskeletal, alpha actinin isoform and maps to the same site as the structurally similar erythroid beta spectrin gene. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

actinin, alpha 4

Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a nonmuscle, alpha actinin isoform which is concentrated in the cytoplasm, and thought to be involved in metastatic processes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

C3 and PZP-like, alpha-2-macroglobulin domain containing 8 pseudogene

T cell receptor alpha joining 32

T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor alpha and delta loci. Both the alpha and delta loci include V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments and the delta locus also includes diversity (D) segments. The delta locus is situated within the alpha locus, between the alpha V and J segments. During T cell development, the delta chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a D segment with a J segment; a V segment is then joined to the D-J gene. The alpha chain is synthesized by recombination joining a single V segment with a J segment. For both chains, the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Five variable segments can be used in either alpha or delta chains and are described by TRAV/DV symbols. Several V and J segments of the alpha locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

spectrin, alpha, erythrocytic 1

This gene encodes a member of a family of molecular scaffold proteins that link the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. The encoded protein is primarily composed of 22 spectrin repeats which are involved in dimer formation. It forms a component of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Mutations in this gene result in a variety of hereditary red blood cell disorders, including elliptocytosis-2, pyropoikilocytosis, and spherocytosis, type 3. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase

This gene encodes a lysosomal acetyltransferase, which is one of several enzymes involved in the lysosomal degradation of heparin sulfate. Mutations in this gene are associated with Sanfilippo syndrome C, one type of the lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccaridosis III, which results from impaired degradation of heparan sulfate. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, f polypeptide (PTPRF), interacting protein (liprin), alpha 4

PPFIA4, or liprin-alpha-4, belongs to the liprin-alpha gene family. See liprin-alpha-1 (LIP1, or PPFIA1; MIM 611054) for background on liprins.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ALG8, alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase

This gene encodes a member of the ALG6/ALG8 glucosyltransferase family. The encoded protein catalyzes the addition of the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation of proteins. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ih (CDG-Ih). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ALG2, alpha-1,3/1,6-mannosyltransferase

This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 1 family. The encoded protein acts as an alpha 1,3 mannosyltransferase, mannosylating Man(2)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate and Man(1)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate to form Man(3)GlcNAc(2)-dolichol diphosphate. Defects in this gene have been associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ih (CDG-Ii). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

ALG3, alpha-1,3- mannosyltransferase

This gene encodes a member of the ALG3 family. The encoded protein catalyses the addition of the first dol-P-Man derived mannose in an alpha 1,3 linkage to Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol. Defects in this gene have been associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Id (CDG-Id) characterized by abnormal N-glycosylation. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

ALG6, alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase

This gene encodes a member of the ALG6/ALG8 glucosyltransferase family. The encoded protein catalyzes the addition of the first glucose residue to the growing lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor of N-linked glycosylation. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital disorders of glycosylation type Ic. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 pseudogene

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 3 pseudogene 1

estrogen-related receptor alpha pseudogene 2

estrogen-related receptor alpha pseudogene 1

tubulin, alpha 1c

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of cytoskeleton. Predicted to be involved in microtubule cytoskeleton organization and mitotic cell cycle. Located in microtubule cytoskeleton and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tubulin, alpha 1b

Enables several functions, including GTP binding activity; GTPase activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. A structural constituent of cytoskeleton. Involved in microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Located in microtubule. Is active in microtubule cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tubulin, alpha 1a

Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulins. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents belong to the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes, which are highly conserved among species. This gene encodes alpha tubulin and is highly similar to the mouse and rat Tuba1 genes. Northern blot studies have shown that the gene expression is predominantly found in morphologically differentiated neurologic cells. This gene is one of three alpha-tubulin genes in a cluster on chromosome 12q. Mutations in this gene cause lissencephaly type 3 (LIS3) - a neurological condition characterized by microcephaly, intellectual disability, and early-onset epilepsy caused by defective neuronal migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

collagen alpha-1(I) chain-like

heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 3, pseudogene

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1

This gene encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This isoform (alpha 1) is expressed in brain, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas, and the other isoform (alpha 2) is expressed in brain, heart and skeletal muscle. This isoform is identified as an autoantigen in 66% of patients with Felty syndrome. This gene has been found to have multiple copies on many chromosomes, some of which, if not all, represent different pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2

This gene encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This isoform (alpha 2) is expressed in brain, heart and skeletal muscle, and the other isoform (alpha 1) is expressed in brain, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas. This gene may be critical in the development of ovarian cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

tryptase alpha/beta 1

Tryptases comprise a family of trypsin-like serine proteases, the peptidase family S1. Tryptases are enzymatically active only as heparin-stabilized tetramers, and they are resistant to all known endogenous proteinase inhibitors. Several tryptase genes are clustered on chromosome 16p13.3. These genes are characterized by several distinct features. They have a highly conserved 3' UTR and contain tandem repeat sequences at the 5' flank and 3' UTR which are thought to play a role in regulation of the mRNA stability. These genes have an intron immediately upstream of the initiator Met codon, which separates the site of transcription initiation from protein coding sequence. This feature is characteristic of tryptases but is unusual in other genes. The alleles of this gene exhibit an unusual amount of sequence variation, such that the alleles were once thought to represent two separate genes, alpha and beta 1. Beta tryptases appear to be the main isoenzymes expressed in mast cells; whereas in basophils, alpha tryptases predominate. Tryptases have been implicated as mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic and inflammatory disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nuclear transcription factor Y, alpha

The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of a trimeric complex, forming a highly conserved transcription factor that binds to CCAAT motifs in the promoter regions in a variety of genes. Subunit A associates with a tight dimer composed of the B and C subunits, resulting in a trimer that binds to DNA with high specificity and affinity. The sequence specific interactions of the complex are made by the A subunit, suggesting a role as the regulatory subunit. In addition, there is evidence of post-transcriptional regulation in this gene product, either by protein degradation or control of translation. Further regulation is represented by alternative splicing in the glutamine-rich activation domain, with clear tissue-specific preferences for the two isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glycoprotein hormone alpha 2

GPHA2 is a cystine knot-forming polypeptide and a subunit of the dimeric glycoprotein hormone family (Hsu et al., 2002 [PubMed 12089349]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase

This gene encodes a multifunctional protein. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme includes two domains with distinct catalytic activities, a peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) domain and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (PAL) domain. These catalytic domains work sequentially to catalyze the conversion of neuroendocrine peptides to active alpha-amidated products. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

thyroid hormone receptor, alpha

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 2

Enables pyruvate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity and pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity. Involved in pyruvate metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion and nucleolus. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 70. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 1

The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and provides the primary link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The PDH complex is composed of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The E1 enzyme is a heterotetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. This gene encodes the E1 alpha 1 subunit containing the E1 active site, and plays a key role in the function of the PDH complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency and X-linked Leigh syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 19

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 18

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 10

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 15

collagen alpha-2(I) chain-like

collagen, type XXVII, alpha 1

This gene encodes a member of the fibrillar collagen family, and plays a role during the calcification of cartilage and the transition of cartilage to bone. The encoded protein product is a preproprotein. It includes an N-terminal signal peptide, which is followed by an N-terminal propetide, mature peptide and a C-terminal propeptide. The N-terminal propeptide contains thrombospondin N-terminal-like and laminin G-like domains. The mature peptide is a major triple-helical region. The C-terminal propeptide, also known as COLFI domain, plays crucial roles in tissue growth and repair. Mutations in this gene cause Steel syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

defensin, alpha 1B

Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 1, is found in the microbicidal granules of neutrophils and likely plays a role in phagocyte-mediated host defense. Several alpha defensin genes are clustered on chromosome 8. This gene differs from defensin, alpha 3 by only one amino acid. This gene and the gene encoding defensin, alpha 3 are both subject to copy number variation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type I alpha subunit

Voltage-dependent sodium channels are heteromeric complexes that regulate sodium exchange between intracellular and extracellular spaces and are essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials in muscle cells and neurons. Each sodium channel is composed of a large pore-forming, glycosylated alpha subunit and two smaller beta subunits. This gene encodes a sodium channel alpha subunit, which has four homologous domains, each of which contains six transmembrane regions. Allelic variants of this gene are associated with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures and epileptic encephalopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The RefSeq Project has decided to create four representative RefSeq records. Three of the transcript variants are supported by experimental evidence and the fourth contains alternate 5' untranslated exons, the exact combination of which have not been experimentally confirmed for the full-length transcript. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 35

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 31

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 33

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 39

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 38

importin subunit alpha-1 pseudogene

collagen alpha-1(I) chain-like

nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha subunit

This gene encodes a protein that associates with basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3) to form the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC). This complex binds to nascent proteins that lack a signal peptide motif as they emerge from the ribosome, blocking interaction with the signal recognition particle (SRP) and preventing mistranslocation to the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein is an IgE autoantigen in atopic dermatitis patients. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, but the full length nature of some of these variants, including those encoding very large proteins, has not been determined. There are multiple pseudogenes of this gene on different chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

signal-regulatory protein alpha pseudogene 1

sucrase-isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)

This gene encodes a sucrase-isomaltase enzyme that is expressed in the intestinal brush border. The encoded protein is synthesized as a precursor protein that is cleaved by pancreatic proteases into two enzymatic subunits sucrase and isomaltase. These two subunits heterodimerize to form the sucrose-isomaltase complex. This complex is essential for the digestion of dietary carbohydrates including starch, sucrose and isomaltose. Mutations in this gene are the cause of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

interferon, alpha 21

This gene is a member of the alpha interferon gene cluster on the short arm of chromosome 9. Interferons are cytokines produced in response to viral infection that mediate the immune response and interfere with viral replication. The encoded protein is a type I interferon and may play a specific role in the antiviral response to rubella virus. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

defensin, alpha 6, Paneth cell-specific

Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. Several alpha defensin genes appear to be clustered on chromosome 8. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 6, is highly expressed in the secretory granules of Paneth cells of the small intestine, and likely plays a role in host defense of human bowel. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

defensin, alpha 5, Paneth cell-specific

Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. Several of the alpha defensin genes appear to be clustered on chromosome 8. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 5, is highly expressed in the secretory granules of Paneth cells of the ileum. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

defensin, alpha 4, corticostatin

Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. Several alpha defensin genes are clustered on chromosome 8. This gene differs from other genes of this family by an extra 83-base segment that is apparently the result of a recent duplication within the coding region. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 4, is found in the neutrophils; it exhibits corticostatic activity and inhibits corticotropin stimulated corticosterone production. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

defensin, alpha 3, neutrophil-specific

Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 3, is found in the microbicidal granules of neutrophils and likely plays a role in phagocyte-mediated host defense. Several alpha defensin genes are clustered on chromosome 8. This gene differs from defensin, alpha 1 by only one amino acid. This gene and the gene encoding defensin, alpha 1 are both subject to copy number variation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

defensin, alpha 1

Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 1, is found in the microbicidal granules of neutrophils and likely plays a role in phagocyte-mediated host defense. Several alpha defensin genes are clustered on chromosome 8. This gene differs from defensin, alpha 3 by only one amino acid. This gene and the gene encoding defensin, alpha 3 are both subject to copy number variation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

glutathione S-transferase alpha 4

Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, which are located in a cluster on chromosome 6, are highly related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity that function in the detoxification of lipid peroxidation products. Reactive electrophiles produced by oxidative metabolism have been linked to a number of degenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataract formation, and atherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glutathione S-transferase alpha 5

The glutathione S-transferases (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathiones and a variety of electrophiles, including many known carcinogens and mutagens. The cytosolic GSTs belong to a large superfamily, with members located on different chromosomes. For additional information on GSTs, see GSTA1 (MIM 138359).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2008]

glutathione S-transferase alpha 1

This gene encodes a member of a family of enzymes that function to add glutathione to target electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins, and products of oxidative stress. This action is an important step in detoxification of these compounds. This subfamily of enzymes has a particular role in protecting cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation. Polymorphisms in this gene influence the ability of individuals to metabolize different drugs. This gene is located in a cluster of similar genes and pseudogenes on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

glutathione S-transferase alpha 2

Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding these enzymes are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of some drugs. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, are the most abundantly expressed glutathione S-transferases in liver. In addition to metabolizing bilirubin and certain anti-cancer drugs in the liver, the alpha class of these enzymes exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity thereby protecting the cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glutathione S-transferase alpha 3

Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class genes that are located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6. Genes of the alpha class are highly related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity. However, during evolution, this alpha class gene diverged accumulating mutations in the active site that resulted in differences in substrate specificity and catalytic activity. The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the double bond isomerization of precursors for progesterone and testosterone during the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its full length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protein S (alpha)

This gene encodes a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that functions as a cofactor for the anticoagulant protease, activated protein C (APC) to inhibit blood coagulation. It is found in plasma in both a free, functionally active form and also in an inactive form complexed with C4b-binding protein. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant hereditary thrombophilia. An inactive pseudogene of this locus is located at an adjacent region on chromosome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar processing to generate mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

tubulin, alpha 4a pseudogene

GDNF family receptor alpha like

Enables glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity and receptor tyrosine kinase binding activity. Involved in GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; and positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction. Located in several cellular components, including actin cytoskeleton; focal adhesion; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sucrase-isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase) pseudogene

sodium channel, non voltage gated 1 alpha subunit

Nonvoltage-gated, amiloride-sensitive, sodium channels control fluid and electrolyte transport across epithelia in many organs. These channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of 3 subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. This gene encodes the alpha subunit, and mutations in this gene have been associated with pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1), a rare salt wasting disease resulting from target organ unresponsiveness to mineralocorticoids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit) pseudogene

N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 50, NatE catalytic subunit

Enables histone H4 acetyltransferase activity and peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity. Involved in N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation; establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion; and mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric. Located in cytosol and nucleolus. Part of NatA complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

collagen, type IX, alpha 2

This gene encodes one of the three alpha chains of type IX collagen, the major collagen component of hyaline cartilage. Type IX collagen, a heterotrimeric molecule, is usually found in tissues containing type II collagen, a fibrillar collagen. This chain is unusual in that, unlike the other two type IX alpha chains, it contains a covalently attached glycosaminoglycan side chain. Mutations in this gene are associated with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

collagen, type IX, alpha 3

This gene encodes one of the three alpha chains of type IX collagen, the major collagen component of hyaline cartilage. Type IX collagen, a heterotrimeric molecule, is usually found in tissues containing type II collagen, a fibrillar collagen. Mutations in this gene are associated with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 3. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

collagen, type IX, alpha 1

This gene encodes one of the three alpha chains of type IX collagen, which is a minor (5-20%) collagen component of hyaline cartilage. Type IX collagen is usually found in tissues containing type II collagen, a fibrillar collagen. Studies in knockout mice have shown that synthesis of the alpha 1 chain is essential for assembly of type IX collagen molecules, a heterotrimeric molecule, and that lack of type IX collagen is associated with early onset osteoarthritis. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteoarthritis in humans, with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, 6, a form of chondrodysplasia, and with Stickler syndrome, a disease characterized by ophthalmic, orofacial, articular, and auditory defects. Two transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, type 1

collagen, type XXII, alpha 1 pseudogene

defensin, alpha 9 pseudogene

methionine adenosyltransferase I, alpha

This gene catalyzes a two-step reaction that involves the transfer of the adenosyl moiety of ATP to methionine to form S-adenosylmethionine and tripolyphosphate, which is subsequently cleaved to PPi and Pi. S-adenosylmethionine is the source of methyl groups for most biological methylations. The encoded protein is found as a homotetramer (MAT I) or a homodimer (MAT III) whereas a third form, MAT II (gamma), is encoded by the MAT2A gene. Mutations in this gene are associated with methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

fibrinogen alpha chain

This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the coagulation factor fibrinogen, which is a component of the blood clot. Following vascular injury, the encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed by thrombin during the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including dysfibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, afibrinogenemia and renal amyloidosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that undergoes proteolytic processing. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

synuclein, alpha interacting protein

This gene encodes a protein containing several protein-protein interaction domains, including ankyrin-like repeats, a coiled-coil domain, and an ATP/GTP-binding motif. The encoded protein interacts with alpha-synuclein in neuronal tissue and may play a role in the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions and neurodegeneration. A mutation in this gene has been associated with Parkinson's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

sodium channel, voltage gated, type IX alpha subunit

This gene encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel which plays a significant role in nociception signaling. Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary erythermalgia, channelopathy-associated insensitivity to pain, and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 9

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 8

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 7

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 6

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 5

Predicted to enable GTPase activity and translation elongation factor activity. Predicted to be involved in translational elongation. Located in extracellular exosome and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 4

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 3

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 2

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 1

growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha

This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The protein encoded by this gene responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase. The DNA damage-induced transcription of this gene is mediated by both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

integrin, alpha 10

Integrins are integral transmembrane glycoproteins composed of noncovalently linked alpha and beta chains. They participate in cell adhesion as well as cell-surface mediated signalling. This gene encodes an integrin alpha chain and is expressed at high levels in chondrocytes, where it is transcriptionally regulated by AP-2epsilon and Ets-1. The protein encoded by this gene binds to collagen. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

integrin, alpha 11

This gene encodes an alpha integrin. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This protein contains an I domain, is expressed in muscle tissue, dimerizes with beta 1 integrin in vitro, and appears to bind collagen in this form. Therefore, the protein may be involved in attaching muscle tissue to the extracellular matrix. Alternative transcriptional splice variants have been found for this gene, but their biological validity is not determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO alpha

HLA-DOA belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. HLA-DOA forms a heterodimer with HLA-DOB. The heterodimer, HLA-DO, is found in lysosomes in B cells and regulates HLA-DM-mediated peptide loading on MHC class II molecules. In comparison with classical HLA class II molecules, this gene exhibits very little sequence variation, especially at the protein level. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

complement component 8, alpha polypeptide

C8 is a component of the complement system and contains three polypeptides, alpha, beta and gamma. This gene encodes the alpha subunit of C8. C8 participates in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). The MAC assembles on bacterial membranes to form a pore, permitting disruption of bacterial membrane organization. Mutations in this gene cause complement C8 alpha-gamma deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1

HLA-DQA1 belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DQA) and a beta chain (DQB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B Lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa. It is encoded by 5 exons; exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, and exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DQ molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to four different molecules. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow transplantation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 2

This gene belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain family. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with a class II beta chain. It is located in intracellular vesicles and plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages) and are used to present antigenic peptides on the cell surface to be recognized by CD4 T-cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (neuronal)

This gene encodes a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which belongs to a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that play a role in fast signal transmission at synapses. These pentameric receptors can bind acetylcholine, which causes an extensive change in conformation that leads to the opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. This protein is an integral membrane receptor subunit that can interact with either nAChR beta-2 or nAChR beta-4 to form a functional receptor. Mutations in this gene cause nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy type 1. Polymorphisms in this gene that provide protection against nicotine addiction have been described. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 5 (neuronal)

The protein encoded by this gene is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit and a member of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. These receptors are thought to be heteropentamers composed of separate but similar subunits. Defects in this gene have been linked to susceptibility to lung cancer type 2 (LNCR2).[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 6 (neuronal)

This gene encodes an alpha subunit of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These receptors consist of five subunits and function as ion channels involved in neurotransmission. The encoded protein is a subunit of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that mediate dopaminergic neurotransmission and are activated by acetylcholine and exogenous nicotine. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with both nicotine and alcohol dependence. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 7 (neuronal)

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. The nAChRs are thought to be hetero-pentamers composed of homologous subunits. The proposed structure for each subunit is a conserved N-terminal extracellular domain followed by three conserved transmembrane domains, a variable cytoplasmic loop, a fourth conserved transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal extracellular region. The protein encoded by this gene forms a homo-oligomeric channel, displays marked permeability to calcium ions and is a major component of brain nicotinic receptors that are blocked by, and highly sensitive to, alpha-bungarotoxin. Once this receptor binds acetylcholine, it undergoes an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. This gene is located in a region identified as a major susceptibility locus for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and a chromosomal location involved in the genetic transmission of schizophrenia. An evolutionarily recent partial duplication event in this region results in a hybrid containing sequence from this gene and a novel FAM7A gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 1 (muscle)

The muscle acetylcholine receptor consiststs of 5 subunits of 4 different types: 2 alpha subunits and 1 each of the beta, gamma, and delta subunits. This gene encodes an alpha subunit that plays a role in acetlycholine binding/channel gating. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 2 (neuronal)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels formed by a pentameric arrangement of alpha and beta subunits to create distinct muscle and neuronal receptors. Neuronal receptors are found throughout the peripheral and central nervous system where they are involved in fast synaptic transmission. This gene encodes an alpha subunit that is widely expressed in the brain. The proposed structure for nAChR subunits is a conserved N-terminal extracellular domain followed by three conserved transmembrane domains, a variable cytoplasmic loop, a fourth conserved transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal extracellular region. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy type 4. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene have been associated with nicotine dependence. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 3 (neuronal)

This locus encodes a member of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor family of proteins. Members of this family of proteins form pentameric complexes comprised of both alpha and beta subunits. This locus encodes an alpha-type subunit, as it contains characteristic adjacent cysteine residues. The encoded protein is a ligand-gated ion channel that likely plays a role in neurotransmission. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with an increased risk of smoking initiation and an increased susceptibility to lung cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 9 (neuronal)

This gene is a member of the ligand-gated ionic channel family and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene superfamily. It encodes a plasma membrane protein that forms homo- or hetero-oligomeric divalent cation channels. This protein is involved in cochlea hair cell development and is also expressed in the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the adult cochlea. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

signal-regulatory protein alpha

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the signal-regulatory-protein (SIRP) family, and also belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. SIRP family members are receptor-type transmembrane glycoproteins known to be involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes. This protein can be phosphorylated by tyrosine kinases. The phospho-tyrosine residues of this PTP have been shown to recruit SH2 domain containing tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), and serve as substrates of PTPs. This protein was found to participate in signal transduction mediated by various growth factor receptors. CD47 has been demonstrated to be a ligand for this receptor protein. This gene and its product share very high similarity with several other members of the SIRP family. These related genes are located in close proximity to each other on chromosome 20p13. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been determined for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

interleukin 3 receptor, alpha (low affinity)

The protein encoded by this gene is an interleukin 3 specific subunit of a heterodimeric cytokine receptor. The receptor is comprised of a ligand specific alpha subunit and a signal transducing beta subunit shared by the receptors for interleukin 3 (IL3), colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF), and interleukin 5 (IL5). The binding of this protein to IL3 depends on the beta subunit. The beta subunit is activated by the ligand binding, and is required for the biological activities of IL3. This gene and the gene encoding the colony stimulating factor 2 receptor alpha chain (CSF2RA) form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a X-Y pseudoautosomal region on chromosomes X or Y. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]

ALG3, alpha-1,3- mannosyltransferase pseudogene 1

defensin, alpha 11 pseudogene

collagen alpha-3(IX) chain-like

farnesyltransferase, CAAX box, alpha pseudogene 2

proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 2 pseudogene 3

proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 2 pseudogene 1

N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 50, NatE catalytic subunit pseudogene

protocadherin alpha 10

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protocadherin alpha 11

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protocadherin alpha 12

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protocadherin alpha 13

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protocadherin alpha 14 pseudogene

NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 12 pseudogene

collagen, type I, alpha, receptor

collagen, type I, alpha 2

This gene encodes the pro-alpha2 chain of type I collagen whose triple helix comprises two alpha1 chains and one alpha2 chain. Type I is a fibril-forming collagen found in most connective tissues and is abundant in bone, cornea, dermis and tendon. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta types I-IV, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIB, recessive Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Classical type, idiopathic osteoporosis, and atypical Marfan syndrome. Symptoms associated with mutations in this gene, however, tend to be less severe than mutations in the gene for the alpha1 chain of type I collagen (COL1A1) reflecting the different role of alpha2 chains in matrix integrity. Three transcripts, resulting from the use of alternate polyadenylation signals, have been identified for this gene. [provided by R. Dalgleish, Feb 2008]

meprin A, alpha pseudogene 4

meprin A, alpha pseudogene 3

meprin A, alpha pseudogene 2

meprin A, alpha pseudogene 1

collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain-like