Harmonizome 3.0

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for 6 adult human brain tissue samples spanning ~300 brain structures

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for adult mouse brain tissues spanning ~2000 anatomically defined brain structures

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for human brain tissue samples spanning 27 time points and 26 brain structures

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for human brain tissue samples spanning 31 time points and 26 brain structures

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for 4 human prenatal brain tissue samples spanning 4 time points and ~300 brain structures

From BioGPS

mRNA expression profiles for human tissues and cell types

From BioGPS

mRNA expression profiles for mouse tissues and cell types

From ChIP-X Enrichment Analysis

Transcription factor binding site profiles from published ChIP-chip, ChIP-seq, and other transcription factor functional studies

From ChIP-X Enrichment Analysis

Target genes of transcription factors from published ChIP-chip, ChIP-seq, and other transcription factor binding site profiling studies

From COMPARTMENTS

Gene-cellular compartment co-occurrence scores from text-mining biomedical abstracts

From Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes

Gene-trait associations curated from genetic association studies

From DISEASES

Gene-disease co-occurrence scores from text-mining biomedical abstracts

From DrugBank

Sets of proteins targeted by drugs by manual literature curation

From Encyclopedia of DNA Elements

Transcription factor binding site profiles for cell lines

From Encyclopedia of DNA Elements

Target genes of transcription factors from transcription factor binding site profiles

From Gene Reference Into Function

Statements describing functions of genes distilled from biomedical publications

From Gene Expression Omnibus

mRNA expression profiles for cell lines or tissues following transcription factor perturbation (inhibition, activation, knockdown, knockout, over-expression, mutation)

From Genotype Tissue Expression

Gene expression profiles for tissues from GTEx by RNA-seq

From Genotype Tissue Expression

RNA-seq gene expression profiles for tissue samples from GTEx

From Human Protein Atlas

RNA-seq gene expression profiles for tissues from HPA

From Human Protein Atlas

Semiquantitative protein expression profiles for tissues

From Human Protein Atlas

RNA-seq gene expression profiles for tissue samples from HPA

From Human Proteome Map

Protein expression profiles for tissues and cell types

From Jaspar PWMs

Target genes of transcription factors predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs

From LINCS KinomeScan

Kinase inhibitor targets from percent inhibition of kinases by small molecules measured using purified kinases

From MiRTarBase

Target genes of microRNAs from published experiments

From MotifMap

Target genes of transcription factors predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs

From Phosphosite Textmining

Occurrence frequencies for biological terms in abstracts of publications describing phosphosites

From Proteomics Database

Protein expression profiles for tissues and cell types reprocessed from many proteomics datasets

From Roadmap Epigenomics

DNA methylation profiles for primary cell types and tissues

From Roadmap Epigenomics

mRNA expression profiles for primary cell types and tissues

From TargetScan

Target genes of microRNAs predicted by searching genes for sites matching conserved miRNA seed regions

From The Cancer Genome Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for tumor and normal tissue samples

From TISSUES

Protein tissue expression evidence scores by manual literature curation

From TISSUES

Protein tissue expression evidence scores by integrating experimental data

From TISSUES

Gene-tissue co-occurrence scores from text-mining biomedical abstracts

From TargetScan

Target genes of microRNAs predicted by searching genes for sites matching nonconserved miRNA seed regions

From knockTF

Gene expression profiles for cell lines or tissues following transcription factor perturbation (knockdown/knockout)

From Kinase Library

A phosphoproteomics atlas detailing phosphorylation of protein substrates by 303 serine/threonine kinases in the human kinome.

From Tabula Sapiens

Gene expression data from Tabula Sapiens scRNA-seq counts

From ChIP-X Enrichment Analysis

Target genes of transcription factors from published ChIP-chip, ChIP-seq, and other transcription factor binding site profiling studies

From Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium

RNA-seq gene expression profiles for rat tissue samples across 4 time points and 19 tissues

From Genotype Tissue Expression

Gene expression profiles for tissues from GTEx by RNA-seq

From Genotype Tissue Expression

Tissue-specific aging signatures createed from GTEx RNA-seq gene expression profiles

From The Human BioMolecular Atlas Program

Gene-cell type annotations from integrated reference scRNA-seq gene expression profiles

From CellMarker

Cell type markers across various tissues from human and mouse scRNA-seq

From Kinase Library

A phosphoproteomics atlas detailing phosphorylation of protein substrates by 93 canonical and non-canonical tyrosine kinases in the human kinome.

From DISEASES

Gene-disease co-occurrence scores from text-mining biomedical abstracts

From TISSUES

Protein tissue expression evidence scores by manual literature curation

From TISSUES

Protein tissue expression evidence scores by integrating experimental data

From TISSUES

Gene-tissue co-occurrence scores from text-mining biomedical abstracts

From COMPARTMENTS

Gene-cellular compartment co-occurrence scores from text-mining biomedical abstracts

From Tahoe Therapeutics

Single-cell expression data from drug perturbation across cell lines in over 95 million cells

From Jaspar PWMs

Target genes of human transcription factors predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs

From Jaspar PWMs

Target genes of mouse transcription factors predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs

From Allen Brain Atlas

mRNA expression profiles for dementia and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) from aging brain tissue

From Drug-Gene Interaction Database

Sets of proteins targeted by drugs by data aggregation

From Rummagene

Sets of genes regulated by transcription factors by mining supplemental materials

From Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

Chemical-gene interactions curated from literature

From Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

Disease-gene interactions from manually curated literature

From Genotype Tissue Expression

Significance values for all gene-SNP pairs testing likelihood that SNP affects gene expression

From Genotype Tissue Expression

Significance values for all gene-SNP pairs testing likelihood that SNP affects gene expression

T, brachyury homolog (mouse)

The protein encoded by this gene is an embryonic nuclear transcription factor that binds to a specific DNA element, the palindromic T-site. It binds through a region in its N-terminus, called the T-box, and effects transcription of genes required for mesoderm formation and differentiation. The protein is localized to notochord-derived cells. Variation in this gene was associated with susceptibility to neural tube defects and chordoma. A mutation in this gene was found in a family with sacral agenesis with vertebral anomalies. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2018]

Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome 1

This gene encodes a nucleolar protein with a LIS1 homology domain. The protein is involved in ribosomal DNA gene transcription through its interaction with upstream binding factor (UBF). Mutations in this gene have been associated with Treacher Collins syndrome, a disorder which includes abnormal craniofacial development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor

This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Upon binding to TRH, this receptor activates the inositol phospholipid-calcium-protein kinase C transduction pathway. Mutations in this gene have been associated with generalized thyrotropin-releasing hormone resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

testis expressed 28 pseudogene 2

testis expressed 28 pseudogene 1

testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 25, pseudogene

transfer RNA lysine (anticodon CUU)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

TPT1 antisense RNA 1

Biomarker of malignant astrocytoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TEN1-CDK3 readthrough (NMD candidate)

This locus represents naturally occurring read-through transcription between the neighboring TEN1 telomerase capping complex subunit homolog (S. cerevisiae) and cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (CDK3) genes. The read-through transcript is a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), and is therefore unlikely to produce a protein product. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

transfer RNA alanine (anticodon AGC)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

transmembrane protein 200B

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44 homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a peripheral membrane protein associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase, which functions in the import of proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane and into the mitochondrial matrix. The encoded protein mediates binding of mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 to the translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 (TIM23) complex. Expression of this gene is upregulated in kidney in a mouse model of diabetes. A mutation in this gene is associated with familial oncocytic thyroid carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

transfer RNA-Leu (AAG) 4-1

trafficking protein particle complex 6A

This gene encodes a component of the trafficking protein particle complex, which tethers transport vesicles to the cis-Golgi membrane. Loss of expression of the related gene in mouse affects coat and eye pigmentation, suggesting that the encoded protein may be involved in melanosome biogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

trafficking protein particle complex 6B

TRAPPC6B is a component of TRAPP complexes, which are tethering complexes involved in vesicle transport (Kummel et al., 2005 [PubMed 16025134]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

L-threonine dehydrogenase (pseudogene)

This gene appears to be an evolving pseudogene of L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase (TDH). In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, TDH catalyzes the first of two steps in one of two L-threonine degradation pathways. However, in human, the single gene with sequence similarity to TDH is not capable of encoding a functional TDH protein; the predicted protein lacks most of the C-terminus and parts of the NAD+ binding motif when compared to other species' TDH proteins. This suggests that the human gene is therefore a pseudogene. Transcripts of this gene are found in all tissues and alternatively spliced transcripts have been described. It is not known if these transcripts are translated, or if the possible protein product provides any functional role. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

thymine-DNA glycosylase

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TDG/mug DNA glycosylase family. Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine moieties from G/T mismatches by hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and the mispaired thymine. With lower activity, this enzyme also removes thymine from C/T and T/T mispairings. TDG can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairings with guanine. This enzyme plays a central role in cellular defense against genetic mutation caused by the spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine. This gene may have a pseudogene in the p arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

transfer RNA-Arg (CCT) 5-1

transgelin

This gene encodes a shape change and transformation sensitive actin-binding protein which belongs to the calponin family. It is ubiquitously expressed in vascular and visceral smooth muscle, and is an early marker of smooth muscle differentiation. The encoded protein is thought to be involved in calcium-independent smooth muscle contraction. It acts as a tumor suppressor, and the loss of its expression is an early event in cell transformation and the development of some tumors, coinciding with cellular plasticity. The encoded protein has a domain architecture consisting of an N-terminal calponin homology (CH) domain and a C-terminal calponin-like (CLIK) domain. Mice with a knockout of the orthologous gene are viable and fertile but their vascular smooth muscle cells exhibit alterations in the distribution of the actin filament and changes in cytoskeletal organization. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

transfer RNA-Gly (CCC) 1-1

T cell receptor alpha variable 23/delta variable 6

T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor alpha and delta loci. Both the alpha and delta loci include V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments and the delta locus also includes diversity (D) segments. The delta locus is situated within the alpha locus, between the alpha V and J segments. During T cell development, the delta chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a D segment with a J segment; a V segment is then joined to the D-J gene. The alpha chain is synthesized by recombination joining a single V segment with a J segment. For both chains, the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Five variable segments can be used in either alpha or delta chains and are described by TRAV/DV symbols. Several V and J segments of the alpha locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1

This gene encodes an epidermal growth factor-related protein that contains a cripto, FRL-1, and cryptic domain. The encoded protein is an extracellular, membrane-bound signaling protein that plays an essential role in embryonic development and tumor growth. Mutations in this gene are associated with forebrain defects. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 8, 19 and X. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

tripartite motif family-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the tri-partite motif (TRIM) family of proteins. This protein may be regulated by the tumor suppressor p53 and may regulate p53 through the enhancement of p53 SUMOylation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

tripartite motif family-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a tripartite motif family protein with similarities to E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases. While the function of the encoded protein has not been determined, the orthologous protein in mouse has been shown to bind ubiquitin-specific protease 5 and is involved in the blastocyst development stage. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

transmembrane protein 160

Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 163

Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Involved in myelination and zinc export across plasma membrane. Predicted to be located in early endosome membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane and synaptic vesicle membrane. Implicated in hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 25. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 165

This gene encodes a predicted transmembrane protein with a perinuclear Golgi-like distribution in fibroblasts. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal recessive disorder congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIk. Knockdown of this gene's expression causes decreased sialylation in HEK cells and suggests this gene plays a role in terminal Golgi glycosylation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

transmembrane protein 164

Involved in positive regulation of ferroptosis. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 168

Enables sodium channel regulator activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process and regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity. Located in nuclear membrane and transport vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)

The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the pumping of degraded cytosolic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum into the membrane-bound compartment where class I molecules assemble. Mutations in this gene may be associated with ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

transporter 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)

The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. This gene is located 7 kb telomeric to gene family member ABCB2. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in antigen presentation. This protein forms a heterodimer with ABCB2 in order to transport peptides from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in this gene may be associated with ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Alternative splicing of this gene produces products which differ in peptide selectivity and level of restoration of surface expression of MHC class I molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

tumor protein p53 inducible protein 3

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to oxidoreductases, which are enzymes involved in cellular responses to oxidative stresses and irradiation. This gene is induced by the tumor suppressor p53 and is thought to be involved in p53-mediated cell death. It contains a p53 consensus binding site in its promoter region and a downstream pentanucleotide microsatellite sequence. P53 has been shown to transcriptionally activate this gene by interacting with the downstream pentanucleotide microsatellite sequence. The microsatellite is polymorphic, with a varying number of pentanucleotide repeats directly correlated with the extent of transcriptional activation by p53. It has been suggested that the microsatellite polymorphism may be associated with differential susceptibility to cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

transfer RNA-Trp (CCA) 5-1

TCL1 upstream neural differentiation-associated RNA

Enables ATPase binding activity. Involved in endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis and positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

testis specific protein, Y-linked 8

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity and histone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including gonadal mesoderm development; nucleosome assembly; and spermatogenesis. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

testis specific protein, Y-linked 2

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity and histone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including gonadal mesoderm development; nucleosome assembly; and spermatogenesis. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

testis specific protein, Y-linked 1

The protein encoded by this gene is found only in testicular tissue and may be involved in spermatogenesis. Many functional paralogs and pseudogenes of this gene are present in a cluster in humans, but only a single, nonfunctional orthologous gene is found in mouse. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

transmembrane protein 255B

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 255A

Predicted to act upstream of or within response to bacterium. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Gly (CCC) 2-2

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TTC21B antisense RNA 1

testis expressed 26

Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

testis expressed 22

Predicted to be located in acrosomal vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

testis expressed 28

Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in endomembrane system. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

testis expressed 29

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of RNA-binding proteins, has three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), and binds adenine and uridine-rich elements in mRNA and pre-mRNAs of a wide range of genes. It regulates various activities including translational control, splicing and apoptosis. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The different isoforms have been show to function differently with respect to post-transcriptional silencing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 75, pseudogene

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in female meiosis I and innate immune response. Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 28

Enables kinase binding activity. Involved in regulation of mitotic cell cycle. Located in midbody. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 29

Involved in cilium movement and cilium organization. Located in sperm flagellum. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 42. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 24

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 25

This gene encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat domain-containing protein that localizes to ciliary axonmenes and plays a role in the docking of the outer dynein arm to cilia. Mutations in this gene cause severely reduced ciliary motility and the disorder CILD35 (ciliary dyskinesia,primary, 35). Primary ciliary dyskinesia is often associated with recurrent respiratory infections, immotile spermatozoa, and situs inversus; an inversion in left-right body symmetry. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 26

Predicted to enable intraciliary transport particle B binding activity. Involved in cilium assembly. Located in cilium. Part of intraciliary transport particle B. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 27

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 22

This gene encodes a protein with seven tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats. Tetratricopeptide repeat containing motifs are found in a variety of proteins and may mediate protein-protein interactions and chaperone activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 23

Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in cilium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

t-complex 1 pseudogene 1

t-complex 1 pseudogene 2

t-complex 1 pseudogene 3

transmembrane protein 167A pseudogene 1

T cell receptor beta joining 2-4

Predicted to be involved in adaptive immune response. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta joining 2-5

Predicted to be involved in adaptive immune response. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta joining 2-6

Predicted to be involved in adaptive immune response. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta joining 2-7

Predicted to be involved in adaptive immune response. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta joining 2-1

Predicted to be involved in adaptive immune response. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta joining 2-2

Predicted to be involved in adaptive immune response. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta joining 2-3

Predicted to be involved in adaptive immune response. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Pro (AGG) 1-1

TatD DNase domain containing 2 pseudogene 1

thiopurine S-methyltransferase pseudogene 1

thiopurine S-methyltransferase pseudogene 3

thiopurine S-methyltransferase pseudogene 2

thiopurine S-methyltransferase pseudogene 4

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 9-1

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 9-2

TAR DNA binding protein pseudogene 1

TAR DNA binding protein pseudogene 2

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 17-1

nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transfer RNA-Ser (TGA) 3-1

tumor suppressor candidate 2 pseudogene 1

TMF1-regulated nuclear protein 1

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including cerebellar cortex morphogenesis; neural precursor cell proliferation; and regulation of cell population proliferation. Predicted to be located in euchromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Gly (CCC) 5-1

trimethylguanosine synthase 1

Enables RNA cap trimethylguanosine synthase activity. Involved in 7-methylguanosine cap hypermethylation. Located in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta variable 20-1

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Trp (CCA) 4-1

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 6-1

tandem C2 domains, nuclear

Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 2-4

transfer RNA-Ser (TGA) 3-1

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 2-1

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 2-2

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 2-3

transmembrane channel-like 5

Predicted to enable mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity. Predicted to be involved in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Asp (GTC) 6-1

transmembrane 4 L six family member 18

Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane 4 L six family member 19

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the four-transmembrane L6 superfamily. Members of this family function in various cellular processes including cell proliferation, motility, and adhesion via their interactions with integrins. In human brain tissue, this gene is expressed at high levels in the parietal lobe, occipital lobe, hippocampus, pons, white matter, corpus callosum, and cerebellum. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 2-6

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 2-5

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 2-3

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 2-2

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 2-1

TMEM220 antisense RNA 1

TP73 antisense RNA 1

troponin T type 1 (skeletal, slow)

This gene encodes a protein that is a subunit of troponin, which is a regulatory complex located on the thin filament of the sarcomere. This complex regulates striated muscle contraction in response to fluctuations in intracellular calcium concentration. This complex is composed of three subunits: troponin C, which binds calcium, troponin T, which binds tropomyosin, and troponin I, which is an inhibitory subunit. This protein is the slow skeletal troponin T subunit. Mutations in this gene cause nemaline myopathy type 5, also known as Amish nemaline myopathy, a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and rod-shaped, or nemaline, inclusions in skeletal muscle fibers which affects infants, resulting in death due to respiratory insufficiency, usually in the second year. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

TBK1 binding protein 1

TBKBP1 is an adaptor protein that binds to TBK1 (MIM 604834) and is part of the interaction network in the TNF (MIM 191160)/NFKB (see MIM 164011) pathway (Bouwmeester et al., 2004 [PubMed 14743216]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

tescalcin

Enables calcium ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process; positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation; and positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity. Located in several cellular components, including cytosol; lamellipodium; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1

This gene belongs to the TIMP gene family. The proteins encoded by this gene family are natural inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix. In addition to its inhibitory role against most of the known MMPs, the encoded protein is able to promote cell proliferation in a wide range of cell types, and may also have an anti-apoptotic function. Transcription of this gene is highly inducible in response to many cytokines and hormones. In addition, the expression from some but not all inactive X chromosomes suggests that this gene inactivation is polymorphic in human females. This gene is located within intron 6 of the synapsin I gene and is transcribed in the opposite direction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

transfer RNA arginine (anticodon ACG)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 9-4

TESC antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

transfer RNA-Asn (GTT) 8-1

transfer RNA-Leu (TAG) 1-1

tripartite motif-containing 51

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Asn (GTT) 17-1

nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transfer RNA-Leu (TAA) 1-1

tripartite motif containing 53A, pseudogene

tubulin, beta 8 class VIII pseudogene 10

transfer RNA-Gln (CTG) 8-2

transfer RNA-Thr (CGT) 2-1

T cell receptor alpha joining 32

T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor alpha and delta loci. Both the alpha and delta loci include V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments and the delta locus also includes diversity (D) segments. The delta locus is situated within the alpha locus, between the alpha V and J segments. During T cell development, the delta chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a D segment with a J segment; a V segment is then joined to the D-J gene. The alpha chain is synthesized by recombination joining a single V segment with a J segment. For both chains, the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Five variable segments can be used in either alpha or delta chains and are described by TRAV/DV symbols. Several V and J segments of the alpha locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 30A

Predicted to enable intraciliary transport particle B binding activity. Predicted to be involved in intraciliary transport. Predicted to be located in centrosome. Predicted to be part of intraciliary transport particle B. Predicted to be active in axonemal microtubule. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 2-1

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 30B

Predicted to enable intraciliary transport particle B binding activity. Predicted to be involved in intraciliary transport. Part of intraciliary transport particle B. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transcription factor AP-4 (activating enhancer binding protein 4)

Transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix-zipper (bHLH-ZIP) family contain a basic domain, which is used for DNA binding, and HLH and ZIP domains, which are used for oligomerization. Transcription factor AP4 activates both viral and cellular genes by binding to the symmetrical DNA sequence CAGCTG (Mermod et al., 1988 [PubMed 2833704]; Hu et al., 1990 [PubMed 2123466]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2009]

transmembrane protein 258

Predicted to enable oligosaccharyltransferase complex binding activity. Involved in protein N-linked glycosylation. Located in endoplasmic reticulum and membrane. Part of oligosaccharyltransferase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 257

This intronless gene is expressed in the hippocampus and maps close to a candidate region for several X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) syndromes. It is conserved in primates, cow, and horse, but not found in mouse and rat. The exact function of this gene is not known, but on the basis of its physical location and expression pattern, it is proposed to have an important function in the brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

transmembrane protein 256

Located in extracellular exosome and mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 254

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 253

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 252

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 251

Involved in lysosomal transport; lysosome organization; and regulation of vesicle-mediated transport. Located in Golgi cisterna. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-undetermined (NNN) 6-1

tRNA methyltransferase 11-2 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Enables protein heterodimerization activity; protein methyltransferase activity; and tRNA methyltransferase activator activity. Involved in macromolecule methylation and positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process. Located in nucleoplasm and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetraspanin 19

Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetraspanin 11

Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetraspanin 12

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tetraspanin 13

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tetraspanin 14

Enables enzyme binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway; protein localization to plasma membrane; and protein maturation. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetraspanin 15

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tetraspanin 16

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein might couple to signal transduction pathways and possibly modulate cellular activation and adhesion in haemopoietic and neural tissue. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

tetraspanin 17

This gene encodes a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily. It is characterized by four tetraspanin transmembrane segments. The function of this gene has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain containing 1

Involved in ERAD pathway. Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including centrosome; postsynaptic membrane; and recycling endosome. Predicted to be active in postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain containing 2

Predicted to be involved in ERAD pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Gln (CTG) 18-1

tyrosinase

The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the first 2 steps, and at least 1 subsequent step, in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. The enzyme has both tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase catalytic activities, and requires copper for function. Mutations in this gene result in oculocutaneous albinism, and nonpathologic polymorphisms result in skin pigmentation variation. The human genome contains a pseudogene similar to the 3' half of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

sclerotylosis

TMEM246 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 6-1

TONSL antisense RNA 1

RTEL1-TNFRSF6B readthrough (NMD candidate)

This locus represents naturally occurring read-through transcription between the neighboring RTEL1 (regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1) and TNFRSF6B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6b, decoy) genes on chromosome 20. The read-through transcript is a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), and is unlikely to produce a protein product. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

Tctex1 domain containing 2

Dyneins are a group of microtubule-activated ATPases that function as molecular motors. They are divided into two subgroups of axonemal and cytoplasmic dyneins. The cytoplasmic dyneins function in intracellular motility, including retrograde axonal transport, protein sorting, organelle movement, and spindle dynamics. Molecules of conventional cytoplasmic dynein are comprised of 2 heavy chain polypeptides and a number of intermediate and light chains. This gene encodes a subunit of the human cytoplasmic dynein-2 complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with short-rib thoracic dysplasia 17 with or without polydactyly. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

Tctex1 domain containing 1

Predicted to enable dynein intermediate chain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule-based movement. Predicted to be part of cytoplasmic dynein complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 1 pseudogene 24

transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 1 pseudogene 22

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 11-1

tumor protein D52-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the tumor protein D52-like family. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal coiled-coil motif that is used to form homo- and heteromeric complexes with other tumor protein D52-like proteins. Expression of this gene may be a marker for breast cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

tumor protein D52-like 3

This gene encodes a member of the tumor protein D52-like family of proteins. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal coiled-coil motif that is used to form homo- and heteromeric complexes with other tumor protein D52-like proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in spermatogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

tumor protein D52-like 1

This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that contain coiled-coil domains and may form hetero- or homomers. The encoded protein is involved in cell proliferation and calcium signaling. It also interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5/ASK1) and positively regulates MAP3K5-induced apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

transfer RNA-Leu (AAG) 5-1

transfer RNA-Ala (TGC) 1-1

tubulin, alpha 1c

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of cytoskeleton. Predicted to be involved in microtubule cytoskeleton organization and mitotic cell cycle. Located in microtubule cytoskeleton and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tubulin, alpha 1b

Enables several functions, including GTP binding activity; GTPase activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. A structural constituent of cytoskeleton. Involved in microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Located in microtubule. Is active in microtubule cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tubulin, alpha 1a

Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulins. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents belong to the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes, which are highly conserved among species. This gene encodes alpha tubulin and is highly similar to the mouse and rat Tuba1 genes. Northern blot studies have shown that the gene expression is predominantly found in morphologically differentiated neurologic cells. This gene is one of three alpha-tubulin genes in a cluster on chromosome 12q. Mutations in this gene cause lissencephaly type 3 (LIS3) - a neurological condition characterized by microcephaly, intellectual disability, and early-onset epilepsy caused by defective neuronal migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

transfer RNA-Gln (CTG) 1-5

tRNA methyltransferase 44 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

The protein encoded by this gene is a putative tRNA methyltransferase found in the cytoplasm. Defects in this gene may be a cause of partial epilepsy with pericentral spikes (PEPS), but that has not been proven definitively. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

TBL1XR1 antisense RNA 1

TRPM8 channel-associated factor 1 pseudogene 1

tryptase alpha/beta 1

Tryptases comprise a family of trypsin-like serine proteases, the peptidase family S1. Tryptases are enzymatically active only as heparin-stabilized tetramers, and they are resistant to all known endogenous proteinase inhibitors. Several tryptase genes are clustered on chromosome 16p13.3. These genes are characterized by several distinct features. They have a highly conserved 3' UTR and contain tandem repeat sequences at the 5' flank and 3' UTR which are thought to play a role in regulation of the mRNA stability. These genes have an intron immediately upstream of the initiator Met codon, which separates the site of transcription initiation from protein coding sequence. This feature is characteristic of tryptases but is unusual in other genes. The alleles of this gene exhibit an unusual amount of sequence variation, such that the alleles were once thought to represent two separate genes, alpha and beta 1. Beta tryptases appear to be the main isoenzymes expressed in mast cells; whereas in basophils, alpha tryptases predominate. Tryptases have been implicated as mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic and inflammatory disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

transfer RNA-Val (CAC) 4-1

tripartite motif containing 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Its function has not been identified. Alternate splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 8

This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family. Based on similarities to other proteins, the encoded protein is suspected to be an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Regulation of this gene may be altered in some cancers. Mutations resulting in a truncated protein product have been observed in early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

tripartite motif containing 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, also called the 'RING-B-box-coiled-coil' (RBCC) subgroup of RING finger proteins. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to cytoplasmic filaments. It is similar to a rat protein which is a specific partner for the tail domain of myosin V, a class of myosins which are involved in the targeted transport of organelles. The rat protein can also interact with alpha-actinin-4. Thus it is suggested that this human protein may play a role in myosin V-mediated cargo transport. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tripartite motif containing 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic filaments. It plays a neuroprotective role and functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase in proteasome-mediated degradation of target proteins. Mutations in this gene can cause early-onset axonal neuropathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

tripartite motif containing 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein forms homo-oligomers via the coilel-coil region and localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. It appears to function as a E3 ubiquitin-ligase and ubiqutinates itself to regulate its subcellular localization. It may play a role in retroviral restriction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

tripartite motif containing 4

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies. Its function has not been identified. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

tripartite motif containing 7

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1, a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and may represent a participant in the initiation of glycogen synthesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

tripartite motif containing 6

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, B-box type 1 and B-box type 2 domain, and a coiled-coil region. The protein localizes to the nucleus, but its specific function has not been identified. This gene is mapped to chromosome 11p15, where it resides within a TRIM gene cluster. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript from this gene into the downstream TRIM34 gene has also been observed, which results in a fusion product from these neighboring family members. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

testis-expressed, seven-twelve, leukemia

T cell receptor gamma joining 2

T cell receptor gamma joining 1

Predicted to be involved in adaptive immune response. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor gamma joining P

T cell receptor beta variable 6-8

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta variable 6-9

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta variable 6-5

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta variable 6-6

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta variable 6-7 (non-functional)

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta variable 6-2 (gene/pseudogene)

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta variable 6-3

Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be part of T cell receptor complex. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

thyroid hormone receptor, beta

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Mutations in this gene are known to be a cause of generalized thyroid hormone resistance (GTHR), a syndrome characterized by goiter and high levels of circulating thyroid hormone (T3-T4), with normal or slightly elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

thyroid hormone receptor, alpha

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

TAF4b RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 105kDa

TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (TAFs) participate in the formation of the TFIID protein complex, which is involved in initiation of transcription of genes by RNA polymerase II. This gene encodes a cell type-specific TAF that may be responsible for mediating transcription by a subset of activators in B cells. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

tRNA phosphotransferase 1

Predicted to enable tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation. Predicted to act upstream of or within regulation of protein kinase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 39C pseudogene 1

transmembrane protein with metallophosphoesterase domain

Predicted to enable hydrolase activity and metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

titin-cap

Sarcomere assembly is regulated by the muscle protein titin. Titin is a giant elastic protein with kinase activity that extends half the length of a sarcomere. It serves as a scaffold to which myofibrils and other muscle related proteins are attached. This gene encodes a protein found in striated and cardiac muscle that binds to the titin Z1-Z2 domains and is a substrate of titin kinase, interactions thought to be critical to sarcomere assembly. Mutations in this gene are associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2G. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tetratricopeptide repeat domain 4 pseudogene 1

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 8-1

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 8-2

transfer RNA-Phe (GAA) 5-1

transfer RNA-Gly (CCC) 1-2

transfer RNA-Ser (TGA) 2-1

Hong et al. (1987) [PubMed 3648680] sequenced a human serine (UGA) tRNA by the dideoxysequencing method. The gene forms a typical cloverleaf structure with all appropriate conserved bases. It shows high nucleotide sequence homology with a previously sequenced serine tRNA (Yoo, 1984).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2009]

transfer RNA-Asn (GTT) 14-1

TRIM36 intronic transcript 1

transmembrane protein 247

Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 241

Enables UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transport. Located in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 242

Involved in mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta constant 1

Predicted to be involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway; adaptive immune response; and alpha-beta T cell activation. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be part of alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

T cell receptor beta constant 2

Predicted to be involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway; adaptive immune response; and alpha-beta T cell activation. Part of alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

testis specific protein, Y-linked 18, pseudogene

T cell receptor beta variable 21-1 (pseudogene)

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 21-1

tyrosinase-like (pseudogene)

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 7-1

transmembrane protein 185B

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 185A

The protein encoded by this gene is predicted to be a transmembrane protein. This gene is best known for localizing to the CpG island of the fragile site FRAXF. The 5' untranslated region of this gene contains a CGG trinucleotide repeat sequence that normally consists of 7-40 tandem CGG repeats but which can expand to greater than 300 repeats. Methylation of the CpG island leads to transcriptional silencing of this gene, but neither the silencing nor an expanded repeat region appear to manifest itself in a clear phenotypic manner. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene has been defined on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

TRAF interacting protein

This gene encodes a protein that contains an N-terminal RING finger motif and a putative coiled-coil domain. A similar murine protein interacts with TNFR-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), and cylindromatosis. The interaction with TRAF2 inhibits TRAF2-mediated nuclear factor kappa-B, subunit 1 activation that is required for cell activation and protection against apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

thyroid hormone receptor associated protein 3 pseudogene 1

transfer RNA-Arg (CCG) 1-1

TTC39A antisense RNA 1

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity; ribonucleoprotein complex binding activity; and transcription cis-regulatory region binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within with a negative effect on inflammatory response and transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within gene expression; nucleosome organization; and response to lipopolysaccharide. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

testis specific protein, Y-linked 23, pseudogene

TAPT1 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

TraB domain containing 2A

Enables Wnt-protein binding activity and metalloendopeptidase activity. Involved in negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway and proteolysis. Located in organelle membrane and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TraB domain containing 2B

Enables Wnt-protein binding activity and metalloendopeptidase activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway; positive regulation of protein oxidation; and positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly. Located in organelle membrane and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

thymidylate synthetase

Thymidylate synthase catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridylate to deoxythymidylate using, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (methylene-THF) as a cofactor. This function maintains the dTMP (thymidine-5-prime monophosphate) pool critical for DNA replication and repair. The enzyme has been of interest as a target for cancer chemotherapeutic agents. It is considered to be the primary site of action for 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluoro-2-prime-deoxyuridine, and some folate analogs. Expression of this gene and that of a naturally occurring antisense transcript, mitochondrial enolase superfamily member 1 (GeneID:55556), vary inversely when cell-growth progresses from late-log to plateau phase. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with etiology of neoplasia, including breast cancer, and response to chemotherapy. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

thymidine phosphorylase

This gene encodes an angiogenic factor which promotes angiogenesis in vivo and stimulates the in vitro growth of a variety of endothelial cells. It has a highly restricted target cell specificity acting only on endothelial cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

transfer RNA-Ala (TGC) 10-1

triosephosphate isomerase 1

This gene encodes an enzyme, consisting of two identical proteins, which catalyzes the isomerization of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxy-acetone phosphate (DHAP) in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 4, 6 and 7. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

transfer RNA histidine(anticodon GUG)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

transfer RNA suppressor (TTA) 1-1

taste receptor, type 2, member 63, pseudogene

TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 3 pseudogene 1

T-cell activation RhoGTPase activating protein

This gene encodes a member of the Rho GTPase-activator protein superfamily. The encoded protein may function as a Rho GTPase-activating protein. Alterations in this gene may be associated with several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and multiple sclerosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

TTLL10 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-6

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-7

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-4

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-5

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-2

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-3

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-1

TNR intronic transcript 1

transmembrane protein 37

Predicted to enable calcium channel activity and voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity. Predicted to be involved in calcium ion transmembrane transport. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be part of monoatomic ion channel complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 31

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein 33

Involved in positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response; regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization; and response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane; melanosome; and nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA tyrosine (anticodon GUA)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 10-1

transfer RNA-Thr (AGT) 4-1

transfer RNA-Arg (TCT) 1-1

transmembrane protein 169

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tumor protein p63

This gene encodes a member of the p53 family of transcription factors. The functional domains of p53 family proteins include an N-terminal transactivation domain, a central DNA-binding domain and an oligomerization domain. Alternative splicing of this gene and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that vary in their functional properties. These isoforms function during skin development and maintenance, adult stem/progenitor cell regulation, heart development and premature aging. Some isoforms have been found to protect the germline by eliminating oocytes or testicular germ cells that have suffered DNA damage. Mutations in this gene are associated with ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate syndrome 3 (EEC3); split-hand/foot malformation 4 (SHFM4); ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate; ADULT syndrome (acro-dermato-ungual-lacrimal-tooth); limb-mammary syndrome; Rap-Hodgkin syndrome (RHS); and orofacial cleft 8. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]