Harmonizome 3.0

deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1

The cytogenetic location of this gene is 3p21.3, and it is located in a region that is commonly deleted in a variety of malignancies. Down-regulation of this gene has been observed in several human cancers including lung, esophageal, renal tumors, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In some cases, reduced expression of this gene in tumor cells is a result of aberrant promoter methylation. Several alternatively spliced transcripts have been observed that contain disrupted coding regions and likely encode nonfunctional proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1 pseudogene 1

deleted in esophageal cancer 1

The function of this gene is not known. This gene is located in a region commonly deleted in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Gene expression is reduced or absent in these carcinomas and thus this is a candidate tumor suppressor gene for esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

gene amplified in esophageal cancer 1

gastric cancer associated transcript 2 (non-protein coding)

gastric cancer associated transcript 1 (non-protein coding)

gastric cancer-related gene GCRG224

gastric cancer associated transcript 3 (non-protein coding)

Microcephaly, mental retardation, and distinctive facies, with cardiac and genitourinary malformations

cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (cardiac LIM protein)

This gene encodes a member of the CSRP family of LIM domain proteins, which may be involved in regulatory processes important for development and cellular differentiation. The LIM/double zinc-finger motif found in this protein is found in a group of proteins with critical functions in gene regulation, cell growth, and somatic differentiation. Mutations in this gene are thought to cause heritable forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

uncharacterized gastric protein ZA52P

gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin B synthesis)

This gene is a member of the cobalamin transport protein family. It encodes a glycoprotein secreted by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa and is required for adequate absorption of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is necessary for erythrocyte maturation and mutations in this gene may lead to congenital pernicious anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

gastric carcinoma proliferation enhancing transcript 1

This gene encodes an unspliced long non-coding RNA that has been suggested to promote the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells and bladder cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

gastric adenocarcinoma associated, positive CD44 regulator, long intergenic non-coding RNA

gastric inhibitory polypeptide

This gene encodes an incretin hormone and belongs to the glucagon superfamily. The encoded protein is important in maintaining glucose homeostasis as it is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells following food ingestion and nutrient absorption. This gene stimulates insulin secretion via its G protein-coupled receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase and other signal transduction pathways. It is a relatively poor inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lipase, gastric

This gene encodes gastric lipase, an enzyme involved in the digestion of dietary triglycerides in the gastrointestinal tract, and responsible for 30% of fat digestion processes occurring in human. It is secreted by gastric chief cells in the fundic mucosa of the stomach, and it hydrolyzes the ester bonds of triglycerides under acidic pH conditions. The gene is a member of a conserved gene family of lipases that play distinct roles in neutral lipid metabolism. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor

This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor for gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), which was originally identified as an activity in gut extracts that inhibited gastric acid secretion and gastrin release, but subsequently was demonstrated to stimulate insulin release in the presence of elevated glucose. Mice lacking this gene exhibit higher blood glucose levels with impaired initial insulin response after oral glucose load. Defect in this gene thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

calsequestrin 2 (cardiac muscle)

The protein encoded by this gene specifies the cardiac muscle family member of the calsequestrin family. Calsequestrin is localized to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac and slow skeletal muscle cells. The protein is a calcium binding protein that stores calcium for muscle function. Mutations in this gene cause stress-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, also referred to as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 2 (CPVT2), a disease characterized by bidirectional ventricular tachycardia that may lead to cardiac arrest. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, heavy chain 7B, cardiac muscle, beta

The myosin II molecule is a multi-subunit complex consisting of two heavy chains and four light chains. This gene encodes a heavy chain of myosin II, which is a member of the motor-domain superfamily. The heavy chain includes a globular motor domain, which catalyzes ATP hydrolysis and interacts with actin, and a tail domain in which heptad repeat sequences promote dimerization by interacting to form a rod-like alpha-helical coiled coil. This heavy chain subunit is a slow-twitch myosin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but the full-length nature of these variants is not determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

leiomodin 2 (cardiac)

Enables actin monomer binding activity and tropomyosin binding activity. Involved in actin nucleation; positive regulation of actin filament polymerization; and sarcomere organization. Located in M band and actin filament. Implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy 2G. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility. Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to four others. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family which is comprised of three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. Defects in this gene have been associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, using an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the different isoforms have been identified. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 9, 2, and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

myosin, light chain, cardiac muscle-like 1

ankyrin repeat domain 1 (cardiac muscle)

The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the nucleus of endothelial cells and is induced by IL-1 and TNF-alpha stimulation. Studies in rat cardiomyocytes suggest that this gene functions as a transcription factor. Interactions between this protein and the sarcomeric proteins myopalladin and titin suggest that it may also be involved in the myofibrillar stretch-sensor system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac)

This gene encodes a ryanodine receptor found in cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. The encoded protein is one of the components of a calcium channel, composed of a tetramer of the ryanodine receptor proteins and a tetramer of FK506 binding protein 1B proteins, that supplies calcium to cardiac muscle. Mutations in this gene are associated with stress-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

myosin, light chain 2, regulatory, cardiac, slow

This gene encodes a major sarcomeric protein in mammalian striated muscle. The encoded protein plays a role in embryonic heart muscle structure and function, while phosphorylation of the encoded protein is involved in cardiac myosin cycling kinetics, torsion and function in adults. Mutations in this gene are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 10 and infant-onset myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, fast twitch 1

This gene encodes one of the SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPases, which are intracellular pumps located in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticula of muscle cells. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen, and is involved in muscular excitation and contraction. Mutations in this gene cause some autosomal recessive forms of Brody disease, characterized by increasing impairment of muscular relaxation during exercise. Alternative splicing results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013]

ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2

This gene encodes one of the SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPases, which are intracellular pumps located in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticula of the skeletal muscle. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol into the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen, and is involved in regulation of the contraction/relaxation cycle. Mutations in this gene cause Darier-White disease, also known as keratosis follicularis, an autosomal dominant skin disorder characterized by loss of adhesion between epidermal cells and abnormal keratinization. Other types of mutations in this gene have been associated with various forms of muscular dystrophies. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2019]

mitochondrially encoded long non-coding cardiac associated RNA

myosin binding protein C, cardiac

MYBPC3 encodes the cardiac isoform of myosin-binding protein C. Myosin-binding protein C is a myosin-associated protein found in the cross-bridge-bearing zone (C region) of A bands in striated muscle. MYBPC3 is expressed exclusively in heart muscle and is a key regulator of cardiac contraction. Mutations in this gene are a frequent cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

troponin T type 2 (cardiac)

This gene encodes the cardiac isoform of troponin T. The encoded protein is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex, which is located on the thin filament of striated muscles and regulates muscle contraction in response to alterations in intracellular calcium ion concentration. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well as with dilated cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

troponin I type 3 (cardiac)

Troponin I (TnI), along with troponin T (TnT) and troponin C (TnC), is one of 3 subunits that form the troponin complex of the thin filaments of striated muscle. TnI is the inhibitory subunit; blocking actin-myosin interactions and thereby mediating striated muscle relaxation. The TnI subfamily contains three genes: TnI-skeletal-fast-twitch, TnI-skeletal-slow-twitch, and TnI-cardiac. This gene encodes the TnI-cardiac protein and is exclusively expressed in cardiac muscle tissues. Mutations in this gene cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy type 7 (CMH7) and familial restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Troponin I is useful in making a diagnosis of heart failure, and of ischemic heart disease. An elevated level of troponin is also now used as indicator of acute myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with moderate/severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Such elevation has also been associated with higher risk of mortality in cardiovascular disease patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

myosin, heavy chain 6, cardiac muscle, alpha

Cardiac muscle myosin is a hexamer consisting of two heavy chain subunits, two light chain subunits, and two regulatory subunits. This gene encodes the alpha heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin. The gene is located approximately 4kb downstream of the gene encoding the beta heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin. Mutations in this gene cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial septal defect 3. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

myosin, heavy chain 7, cardiac muscle, beta

Muscle myosin is a hexameric protein containing 2 heavy chain subunits, 2 alkali light chain subunits, and 2 regulatory light chain subunits. This gene encodes the beta (or slow) heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin. It is expressed predominantly in normal human ventricle. It is also expressed in skeletal muscle tissues rich in slow-twitch type I muscle fibers. Changes in the relative abundance of this protein and the alpha (or fast) heavy subunit of cardiac myosin correlate with the contractile velocity of cardiac muscle. Its expression is also altered during thyroid hormone depletion and hemodynamic overloading. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myosin storage myopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and Laing distal myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

cardiac mesoderm enhancer-associated non-coding RNA

Predicted to be involved in regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be part of RISC complex. Biomarker of atherosclerosis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

downregulated RNA in cancer, inhibitor of cell invasion and migration

prostate and breast cancer overexpressed 1

This intronless gene encodes a protein of unknown function. Its expression is up-regulated in some types of cancer, including prostate, breast, and bladder cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

lncRNA bladder and prostate cancer suppressor, hnRNPK interacting

liver cancer-associated transcript 8

liver cancer-associated transcript 1

serologically defined breast cancer antigen NY-BR-40

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A9

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A8

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A1

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A2

This gene represents one of a cluster of several similar genes located on the q arm of chromosome X. The genes in this cluster encode members of the cancer/testis (CT) family of antigens, and are distinct from other CT antigens. These antigens are thought to be novel therapeutic targets for human cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A5

This gene represents one of a cluster of several similar genes located on the q arm of chromosome X. The genes in this cluster encode members of the cancer/testis (CT) family of antigens, and are distinct from other CT antigens. These antigens are thought to be novel therapeutic targets for human cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A4

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A7

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A6

liver cancer-associated transcript 5

prostate cancer associated transcript 1 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that promotes cell proliferation and is upregulated in prostate, colorectal, and other cancers. This RNA negatively regulates the BRCA2 tumor suppressor protein and positively regulates Myc oncoprotein. It contains binding sites for microRNAs, and may act as a sponge for microRNAs that regulate cell growth pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

prostate cancer associated transcript 2 (non-protein coding)

prostate cancer associated transcript 4 (non-protein coding)

prostate cancer associated transcript 7 (non-protein coding)

SWI/SNF complex antagonist associated with prostate cancer 1 (non-protein coding)

hereditary prostate cancer, X-linked

cancer/testis antigen 55 pseudogene

prostate cancer susceptibility candidate 2

This gene is highly expressed in prostate, rectum, colon, and testis. This gene may produce a non-coding RNA or may encode a short protein that might localize to the nucleus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

prostate cancer susceptibility candidate 1

This gene is reported to be specifically expressed in prostate, rectum and distal colon. Sequence analysis suggests that it may play a regulatory role in the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A3

serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8

This gene encodes a centrosome associated protein. This protein may be involved in organizing the centrosome during interphase and mitosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinal-renal ciliopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

serologically defined colon cancer antigen 3

Involved in several processes, including endocytic recycling; positive regulation of cilium assembly; and positive regulation of protein localization to cilium. Located in several cellular components, including endosome; microtubule organizing center; and retromer complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostate cancer, hereditary, 5

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 4

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 3

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A11, pseudogene

synuclein, gamma (breast cancer-specific protein 1)

This gene encodes a member of the synuclein family of proteins which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with breast tumor development. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 7

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member B1 pseudogene

cancer-related nucleoside-triphosphatase pseudogene

cancer/testis antigen family 45, member A10

Enables identical protein binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostate cancer associated transcript 6 (non-protein coding)

cancer antigen 1

apoptosis associated transcript in bladder cancer

Prostate cancer aggressiveness quantitative trait locus on chromosome 19

oral cancer overexpressed 1

Involved in protein maturation by [4Fe-4S] cluster transfer; ribosomal large subunit biogenesis; and translational initiation. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cancer susceptibility candidate 4 pseudogene 1

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 pseudogene 2

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 pseudogene 1

small cell cancer of the lung

cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (non-protein coding)

Involved in defense response to tumor cell; negative regulation of MAPK cascade; and positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cancer susceptibility candidate 1

Predicted to enable beta-tubulin binding activity and microtubule binding activity. Predicted to be located in cilium and microtubule cytoskeleton. Predicted to be part of axonemal dynein complex. Predicted to be active in axoneme and cytoplasmic microtubule. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cancer susceptibility candidate 6 (non-protein coding)

cancer susceptibility candidate 5

The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the multiprotein assembly that is required for creation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments and chromosome segregation. The encoded protein functions as a scaffold for proteins that influence the spindle assembly checkpoint during the eukaryotic cell cycle and it interacts with at least five different kinetochore proteins and two checkpoint kinases. In adults, this gene is predominantly expressed in normal testes, various cancer cell lines and primary tumors from other tissues and is ubiquitously expressed in fetal tissues. This gene was originally identified as a fusion partner with the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene in t(11;15)(q23;q14). Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive primary microcephaly-4 (MCPH4). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described but their biological validity has not been confirmed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

cancer susceptibility candidate 4

The increased expression level of this gene is associated with HER-2/neu proto-oncogene overexpression. Amplification and resulting overexpression of this proto-oncogene are found in approximately 30% of human breast and 20% of human ovarian cancers. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

cancer susceptibility candidate 8 (non-protein coding)

cancer/testis antigen 1A

The protein encoded by this gene is a tumor cell antigen found in various types of cancers, which makes it a good candidate for a cancer vaccine. This gene is also highly expressed in normal ovary and testis tissues. An identical copy of this gene is found on the same chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

cancer/testis antigen 1B

The protein encoded by this gene is an antigen that is overexpressed in many cancers but that is also expressed in normal testis. This gene is found in a duplicated region of the X-chromosome and therefore has a neighboring gene of identical sequence. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

cancer susceptibility candidate 18 (non-protein coding)

cancer/testis antigen 55

Involved in spermatogenesis. Located in acrosomal vesicle and sperm flagellum. Implicated in X-linked spermatogenic failure 7. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Breast cancer, 11;22 translocation associated

ovarian cancer-related protein 1

sporadic kidney cancer gene 1

Ovarian cancer, epithelial, susceptibility to

breast cancer-associated transcript 54

prostate cancer-associated 47

growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer-like

Acts upstream of or within kidney development. Predicted to be located in membrane. Implicated in autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 80 and renal agenesis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 15

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 14

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 10

oral cancer overexpressed 1 pseudogene 1

Prostate cancer, susceptibility to

Prostate cancer, hereditary, 9

cancer susceptibility candidate 3

The product of this gene is a core component of the exon junction complex (EJC), a protein complex that is deposited on spliced mRNAs at exon-exon junctions and functions in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). The encoded protein binds RNA and interacts with two other EJC core components. It is predominantly located in the cytoplasm, but shuttles into the nucleus where it localizes to nuclear speckles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cancer susceptibility candidate 7 (non-protein coding)

cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (non-protein coding)

cancer susceptibility candidate 11 (non-protein coding)

Enables chromatin-protein adaptor activity and promoter-enhancer loop anchoring activity. Involved in chromatin looping and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Is active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cancer susceptibility candidate 10

cancer susceptibility candidate 17 (non-protein coding)

cancer susceptibility candidate 16 (non-protein coding)

cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that may regulate cell proliferation. This RNA is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, where it is thought to function as an oncogene. However, some splice variants of this gene may function as a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma and other tumor types. Circular RNA variants were observed at this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

cancer susceptibility candidate 19 (non-protein coding)

vesicular, overexpressed in cancer, prosurvival protein 1

Enables enzyme binding activity. Located in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; late endosome; and lysosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 11

colorectal cancer associated 1

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that localizes to granular structures, including crystalloid eosinophilic granules and other granular organelles. This gene, along with an overlapping opposite strand gene, has been implicated as a susceptibility locus for colorectal cancer. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

colon cancer associated transcript 2 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that is upregulated in colon cancer and other cancers. This transcript promotes cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis. It negatively regulates the biogenesis of microRNA 145. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

cancer/testis antigen 83

Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cancer/testis antigen 2

This gene encodes an autoimmunogenic tumor antigen that belongs to the ESO/LAGE family of cancer-testis antigens. This protein is expressed in a wide array of cancers including melanoma, breast cancer, bladder cancer and prostate cancer. This protein is also expressed in normal testis tissue. An alternative open reading frame product of this gene has been described in PMID:10399963. This alternate protein, termed CAMEL, is a tumor antigen that is recognized by melanoma-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

cancer susceptibility candidate 23 (non-protein coding)

urothelial cancer associated 1 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that was found to be upregulated in bladder cancer and plays a regulatory role in cell proliferation. This transcript regulates several genes, including CREB (cAMP responsive element binding protein). Expression of this transcript is regulated by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

metastasis associated in colon cancer 1

MACC1 is a key regulator of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF; MIM 142409)-HGF receptor (HGFR, or MET; MIM 164860) pathway, which is involved in cellular growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, cell motility, invasiveness, and metastasis. Expression of MACC1 in colon cancer (MIM 114500) specimens is an independent prognostic indicator for metastasis formation and metastasis-free survival (Stein et al., 2009 [PubMed 19098908]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009]

cancer susceptibility candidate 22 (non-protein coding)

cancer susceptibility candidate 20 (non-protein coding)

cancer susceptibility candidate 21 (non-protein coding)

hypermethylated in cancer 1

This gene functions as a growth regulatory and tumor repressor gene. Hypermethylation or deletion of the region of this gene have been associated with tumors and the contiguous-gene syndrome, Miller-Dieker syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

hypermethylated in cancer 2

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; regulation of cytokine production; and regulation of immune system process. Located in nucleoplasm and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

suppressor of cancer cell invasion

This gene encodes a regulator of cell migration. The encoded protein appears to function in the RhoA (ras homolog gene family, member A)-Dia1 (diaphanous homolog 1) signal transduction pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 8

colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 9

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 2

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 5

Lung cancer 1

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A11 pseudogene

breast cancer 1, early onset

This gene encodes a 190 kD nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in maintaining genomic stability, and it also acts as a tumor suppressor. The BRCA1 gene contains 22 exons spanning about 110 kb of DNA. The encoded protein combines with other tumor suppressors, DNA damage sensors, and signal transducers to form a large multi-subunit protein complex known as the BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex (BASC). This gene product associates with RNA polymerase II, and through the C-terminal domain, also interacts with histone deacetylase complexes. This protein thus plays a role in transcription, DNA repair of double-stranded breaks, and recombination. Mutations in this gene are responsible for approximately 40% of inherited breast cancers and more than 80% of inherited breast and ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing plays a role in modulating the subcellular localization and physiological function of this gene. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which are disease-associated mutations, have been described for this gene, but the full-length natures of only some of these variants has been described. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 17, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

breast cancer 3

breast cancer 2, early onset

Inherited mutations in BRCA1 and this gene, BRCA2, confer increased lifetime risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer. Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in maintenance of genome stability, specifically the homologous recombination pathway for double-strand DNA repair. The largest exon in both genes is exon 11, which harbors the most important and frequent mutations in breast cancer patients. The BRCA2 gene was found on chromosome 13q12.3 in human. The BRCA2 protein contains several copies of a 70 aa motif called the BRC motif, and these motifs mediate binding to the RAD51 recombinase which functions in DNA repair. BRCA2 is considered a tumor suppressor gene, as tumors with BRCA2 mutations generally exhibit loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the wild-type allele. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

prostate cancer associated transcript 29 (non-protein coding)

This gene is thought to produce a functional long non-coding RNA. This transcript was identified in prostate cancer cells and may suppress tumor formation. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

serologically defined colon cancer antigen 3 pseudogene 2

serologically defined colon cancer antigen 3 pseudogene 1

breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1-like

The protein encoded by this gene shows sequence similarity to the human breast carcinoma metastasis suppressor (BRMS1) protein and the mammalian Sds3 (suppressor of defective silencing 3) proteins. This protein is a component of the mSin3a family of histone deacetylase complexes (HDAC). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Lung cancer susceptibility 3

Lung cancer susceptibility 4

Lung cancer susceptibility 5

Prostate cancer, hereditary, X-linked 2

colon cancer associated transcript 1 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that promotes tumor formation and is upregulated in colon cancer and other cancer cell types. This transcript may regulate long range chromosomal interactions, including at the Myc oncoprotein locus. This RNA may also function as a molecular sponge for microRNAs. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

cancer/testis antigen 62

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A7

This locus represents a member of the cancer/testis gene family 47. This family, also known as CT47, is comprised of 13 nearly identical loci clustered at Xq24. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A4

This locus represents a member of the cancer/testis gene family 47. This family, also known as CT47, is comprised of 13 nearly identical loci clustered at Xq24. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A3

This locus represents a member of the cancer/testis gene family 47. This family, also known as CT47, is comprised of 13 nearly identical loci clustered at Xq24. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A2

This locus represents a member of the cancer/testis gene family 47. This family, also known as CT47, is comprised of 13 nearly identical loci clustered at Xq24. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A1

This locus represents a member of the cancer/testis gene family 47. This family, also known as CT47, is comprised of 13 nearly identical loci clustered at Xq24. This locus is the most telomeric of the cluster.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A9

This locus represents a member of the cancer/testis gene family 47. This family, also known as CT47, is comprised of 13 nearly identical loci clustered at Xq24. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A8

This locus represents a member of the cancer/testis gene family 47. This family, also known as CT47, is comprised of 13 nearly identical loci clustered at Xq24. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

thyroid cancer-associated transcript 158

cancer, familial, with in vitro radioresistance

predisposing for prostate cancer

prostate cancer associated 3 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a spliced, long non-coding RNA that is highly overexpressed in most types of prostate cancer cells and is used as a specific biomarker for this type of cancer. This gene is embedded in an intronic region of the prune2 gene on the opposite DNA strand. The transcript regulates prune2 levels through formation of a double-stranded RNA that undergoes adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-dependent adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing. In prostate cancer derived cells, overexpression of PCA induced downregulation of prune2, leading to decreased cell proliferation. Conversely, silencing in prostate cancer cells resulted in increased proliferation. Regulation of this gene appears to be sensitive to androgen-receptor activation, a molecular signature of prostate cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

Breast cancer-related regulator of TP53

focally amplified long non-coding RNA in epithelial cancer

breast cancer estrogen-induced apoptosis 2

esophagus cancer-related gene-2 interaction susceptibility protein

leucine zipper, down-regulated in cancer 1

The protein encoded by this gene contains a leucine zipper-like motif and a proline-rich region that shares marked similarity with an SH3-binding domain. The protein localizes to the nucleus and is down-regulated in some cancer cell lines. It is thought to regulate the transcriptional response mediated by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). The gene has been proposed as a tumor suppressor gene whose protein product may have an important role in the development and/or progression of some cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 6

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4 (non-protein coding)

This gene produces a spliced long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has been implicated in breast cancer metastasis. It was originally identified in a screen for genes responsible for the development of resistance to anti-estrogens in breast cancer cells. It is thought that release of CCL21 enables this lncRNA to bind to the SNIP1 and PNUTS transcription factors, thereby activating a non-canonical GLI-dependent hedgehog signaling pathway that promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. A similar gene in cow expresses a protein in mature oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Crk-associated substrate (CAS) family of scaffold proteins, characterized by the presence of multiple protein-protein interaction domains and many serine and tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The encoded protein contains a Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain, a proline-rich domain, a substrate domain which contains 15 repeat of the YxxP consensus phosphorylation motif for Src family kinases, a serine-rich domain, and a bipartite Src-binding domain, which can bind both SH2 and SH3 domains. This adaptor protein functions in multiple cellular pathways, including in cell motility, apoptosis and cell cycle control. Dysregulation of this gene can have a wide range of effects, affecting different pathways, including cardiac development, vascular smooth muscle cells, liver and kidney function, endothelial migration, and cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3

Breast tumors are initially dependent on estrogens for growth and progression and can be inhibited by anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen. However, breast cancers progress to become anti-estrogen resistant. Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance gene 3 was identified in the search for genes involved in the development of estrogen resistance. The gene encodes a component of intracellular signal transduction that causes estrogen-independent proliferation in human breast cancer cells. The protein contains a putative src homology 2 (SH2) domain, a hall mark of cellular tyrosine kinase signaling molecules, and is partly homologous to the cell division cycle protein CDC48. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member B1

bladder cancer associated transcript 1 (non-protein coding)

lung cancer associated transcript 1 (non-protein coding)

cancer/testis antigen 55 pseudogene

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A6

This locus represents a member of the cancer/testis gene family 47. This family, also known as CT47, is comprised of 13 nearly identical loci clustered at Xq24. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A5

prostate cancer associated transcript 19 (non-protein coding)

prostate cancer associated transcript 18 (non-protein coding)

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostate cancer associated transcript 14 (non-protein coding)

vesicular, overexpressed in cancer, prosurvival protein 1 pseudogene

breast cancer-associated transcript 107

growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1

This gene is an estrogen-responsive gene that is an early response gene in the estrogen receptor-regulated pathway. It is thought to play an important role in hormone-responsive tissues and cancer. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

thyroid cancer-associated transcript 126

cancer/testis antigen 75

prostate cancer associated non-coding RNA 1

leucine zipper, down-regulated in cancer 1-like

nucleoside-triphosphatase, cancer-related

The protein encoded by this gene is a non-specific nucleoside triphosphatase that is slow-acting in vitro. This gene is overexpressed in many tumor tissues, and while it is not essential for the cell, overexpression is cytotoxic. However, the cytotoxicity is not related to its triphosphatase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1

This gene reduces the metastatic potential, but not the tumorogenicity, of human breast cancer and melanoma cell lines. The protein encoded by this gene localizes primarily to the nucleus and is a component of the mSin3a family of histone deacetylase complexes (HDAC). The protein contains two coiled-coil motifs and several imperfect leucine zipper motifs. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

colorectal cancer associated 2

Enables DNA binding activity and transcription coactivator activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cancer/testis antigen 83 pseudogene

colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 7

bladder cancer associated protein

This gene encodes a protein that reduces cell growth by stimulating apoptosis. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters result in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. This gene is imprinted in brain where different transcript variants are expressed from each parental allele. Transcript variants initiating from the upstream promoter are expressed preferentially from the maternal allele, while transcript variants initiating downstream of the interspersed NNAT gene (GeneID:4826) are expressed from the paternal allele. Transcripts at this locus may also undergo A to I editing, resulting in amino acid changes at three positions in the N-terminus of the protein. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A12

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A11

This locus represents a member of the cancer/testis gene family 47. This family, also known as CT47, is comprised of 13 nearly identical loci clustered at Xq24. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

cancer/testis antigen family 47, member A10

S-phase cancer associated transcript 2

S-phase cancer associated transcript 8

cancer/testis antigen family 47 member C1

mental retardation, epileptic seizures, hypogonadism and -genitalism, microcephaly and obesity syndrome

sema domain, seven thrombospondin repeats (type 1 and type 1-like), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 5B

This gene encodes a member of the semaphorin protein family which regulates axon growth during development of the nervous system. The encoded protein has a characteristic Sema domain near the N-terminus, through which semaphorins bind to plexin, and five thrombospondin type 1 repeats in the C-terminal region of the protein. The protein product may be cleaved and exist as a secreted molecule (PMID: 19463192). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

sema domain, seven thrombospondin repeats (type 1 and type 1-like), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 5A

This gene belongs to the semaphorin gene family that encodes membrane proteins containing a semaphorin domain and several thrombospondin type-1 repeats. Members of this family are involved in axonal guidance during neural development. This gene has been implicated as an autism susceptibility gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

sema domain, seven thrombospondin repeats (type 1 and type 1-like), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 5A pseudogene

RAB11 binding and LisH domain, coiled-coil and HEAT repeat containing

Involved in intracellular cholesterol transport. Located in recycling endosome and trans-Golgi network. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

inflammation and lipid regulator with UBA-like and NBR1-like domains

This gene encodes a protein with N-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA)-like and central neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1)-like domains. The protein acts an inhibitor of antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine transcription and as a regulator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2021]

ceruloplasmin and hephaestin-like 1 pseudogene

Craniosynostosis, anal anomalies, and porokeratosis syndrome

cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule

The CRTAM gene is upregulated in CD4 (see MIM 186940)-positive and CD8 (see CD8A; MIM 186910)-positive T cells and encodes a type I transmembrane protein with V and C1-like Ig domains (Yeh et al., 2008 [PubMed 18329370]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2009]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 6 pseudogene

optic atrophy 3 (autosomal recessive, with chorea and spastic paraplegia)

The mouse ortholog of this protein co-purifies with the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mutations in this gene have been shown to result in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III and autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

alpha- and gamma-adaptin binding protein

The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the gamma-adaptin and alpha-adaptin subunits of complexes involved in clathrin-coated vesicle trafficking. Mutations in this gene are associated with type I punctate palmoplantar keratoderma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

phosphatase and actin regulator 4

This gene encodes a member of the phosphatase and actin regulator (PHACTR) family. Other PHACTR family members have been shown to inhibit protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, and the homolog of this gene in the mouse has been shown to interact with actin and PP1. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

phosphatase and actin regulator 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phosphatase and actin regulator family of proteins. This family member can bind actin and regulate the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. It plays a role in tubule formation and in endothelial cell survival. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease and cervical artery dissection. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

phosphatase and actin regulator 3

This gene encodes a member of the phosphatase and actin regulator protein family. The encoded protein is associated with the nuclear scaffold in proliferating cells, and binds to actin and the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1, suggesting that it functions as a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

phosphatase and actin regulator 2

Predicted to enable actin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actin cytoskeleton organization. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane and platelet alpha granule membrane. Implicated in Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ERGIC and golgi 2

ERGIC2, or PTX1, is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that is downregulated in prostate carcinoma (Kwok et al., 2001 [PubMed 11445006]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008]

ERGIC and golgi 3

Involved in endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport and positive regulation of intracellular protein transport. Located in membrane. Part of retrograde transporter complex, Golgi to ER. Biomarker of lung adenocarcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 14

Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXL14, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 19

This gene encodes a member of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The encoded protein is reported to bind to the transmembrane receptor interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 and regulate its ubiquitination and degradation. This protein has been linked to the regulation of pulmonary inflammation and psoriasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

marginal zone B and B1 cell-specific protein

Involved in positive regulation of cell population proliferation. Located in cytoplasm and extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8

hematological and neurological expressed 1

Located in cytosol; intercellular bridge; and microtubule cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation protein 1-like

NACC family member 2, BEN and BTB (POZ) domain containing

Enables several functions, including DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; histone deacetylase binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage; and protein homooligomerization. Located in chromatin; mitochondrion; and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nucleus accumbens associated 1, BEN and BTB (POZ) domain containing

This gene encodes a member of the BTB/POZ protein family. BTB/POZ proteins are involved in several cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis and transcription regulation. The encoded protein is a transcriptional repressor that plays a role in stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance. The encoded protein also suppresses transcription of the candidate tumor suppressor Gadd45GIP1, and expression of this gene may play a role in the progression of multiple types of cancer. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

somatomedin B and thrombospondin, type 1 domain containing

Predicted to be an extracellular matrix structural constituent. Located in collagen-containing extracellular matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

WASH and IL9R antisense RNA 1

WASH and IL9R antisense RNA 2

ankyrin repeat and FYVE domain containing 1

This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that contains a coiled-coil structure and a BTB/POZ domain at its N-terminus, ankyrin repeats in the middle portion, and a FYVE-finger motif at its C-terminus. This protein belongs to a subgroup of double zinc finger proteins which may be involved in vesicle or protein transport. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

obscurin, cytoskeletal calmodulin and titin-interacting RhoGEF

The obscurin gene spans more than 150 kb, contains over 80 exons and encodes a protein of approximately 720 kDa. The encoded protein contains 68 Ig domains, 2 fibronectin domains, 1 calcium/calmodulin-binding domain, 1 RhoGEF domain with an associated PH domain, and 2 serine-threonine kinase domains. This protein belongs to the family of giant sacromeric signaling proteins that includes titin and nebulin, and may have a role in the organization of myofibrils during assembly and may mediate interactions between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1

This gene encodes a CBL-associated protein which functions in the signaling and stimulation of insulin. Mutations in this gene may be associated with human disorders of insulin resistance. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

sorbin and SH3 domain containing 3

This gene encodes an SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein. The presence of SH3 domains play a role in this protein's ability to bind other cytoplasmic molecules and contribute to cystoskeletal organization, cell adhesion and migration, signaling, and gene expression. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2

Arg and c-Abl represent the mammalian members of the Abelson family of non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. They interact with the Arg/Abl binding proteins via the SH3 domains present in the carboxy end of the latter group of proteins. This gene encodes the sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2 protein. It has three C-terminal SH3 domains and an N-terminal sorbin homology (SoHo) domain that interacts with lipid raft proteins. The subcellular localization of this protein in epithelial and cardiac muscle cells suggests that it functions as an adapter protein to assemble signaling complexes in stress fibers, and that it is a potential link between Abl family kinases and the actin cytoskeleton. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 5C, pseudogene

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a neuron-specific protein. The similar protein in pig enhances neuroblastoma cell differentiation in vitro and may be involved in neuronal differentiation in vivo. Multiple pseudogenes have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7A

Enables several functions, including SMAD binding activity; nuclear androgen receptor binding activity; and transcription corepressor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including erythrocyte maturation; negative regulation of signal transduction; and regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7C

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of cell population proliferation. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7B

This gene encodes a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that acts as a key regulator of lineage commitment of immature T-cell precursors. It is necessary and sufficient for commitment of CD4 lineage, while its absence causes CD8 commitment. It also functions as a transcriptional repressor of type I collagen genes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

survival of motor and autonomic neurons 1

ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 1B

This gene encodes a multi-domain protein that is predominantly expressed in brain and testis. This protein interacts with amyloid beta protein precursor (AbetaPP) and may have a role in normal brain development, and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Expression of this gene has been shown to be elevated in patients with pre-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia associated with t(1;19) translocation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (some with different subcellular localization, PMID:15004329) have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 1A

Predicted to enable ephrin receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in ephrin receptor signaling pathway; neuron remodeling; and substrate-dependent cell migration. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process and regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

oligodendrocytic myelin paranodal and inner loop protein

Predicted to be involved in regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Located in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3

This gene is a member of the Shank gene family. Shank proteins are multidomain scaffold proteins of the postsynaptic density that connect neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and other membrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and G-protein-coupled signaling pathways. Shank proteins also play a role in synapse formation and dendritic spine maturation. Mutations in this gene are a cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted behavioral patterns and interests. Mutations in this gene also cause schizophrenia type 15, and are a major causative factor in the neurological symptoms of 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, which is also known as Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Additional isoforms have been described for this gene but they have not yet been experimentally verified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the Shank family of synaptic proteins that may function as molecular scaffolds in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. Shank proteins contain multiple domains for protein-protein interaction, including ankyrin repeats, and an SH3 domain. This particular family member contains a PDZ domain, a consensus sequence for cortactin SH3 domain-binding peptides and a sterile alpha motif. The alternative splicing demonstrated in Shank genes has been suggested as a mechanism for regulating the molecular structure of Shank and the spectrum of Shank-interacting proteins in the postsynaptic densities of the adult and developing brain. Alterations in the encoded protein may be associated with susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 1

This gene encodes a member of the SHANK (SH3 domain and ankyrin repeat containing) family of proteins. Members of this family act as scaffold proteins that are required for the development and function of neuronal synapses. Deletions in this gene may be associated with autism spectrum disorder in males. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1

SAMSN1 is a member of a novel gene family of putative adaptors and scaffold proteins containing SH3 and SAM (sterile alpha motif) domains (Claudio et al., 2001 [PubMed 11536050]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 14 pseudogene

spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 1

Enables microtubule binding activity. Involved in attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore; negative regulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling; and positive regulation of microtubule polymerization. Located in intercellular bridge; kinetochore; and microtubule cytoskeleton. Part of SKA complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3

This gene encodes a component of the spindle and kinetochore-associated protein complex that regulates microtubule attachment to the kinetochores during mitosis. The encoded protein localizes to the outer kinetechore and may be required for normal chromosome segregation and cell division. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 2

Enables microtubule binding activity. Involved in attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore and regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. Located in spindle microtubule. Part of SKA complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

hematological and neurological expressed 1-like

Involved in endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell and regulation of calcium-mediated signaling. Located in cytosol; nucleus; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytidine and dCMP deaminase domain containing 1

Enables several functions, including cytidine deaminase activity; importin-alpha family protein binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in DNA cytosine deamination and cytidine deamination. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 pseudogene

nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1

This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is highly conserved in vertebrates. The conserved regions of the protein contain several consensus phosphorylation sites for casein kinase II and cyclin-dependent kinases, two putative nuclear localization signals, and a basic DNA-binding domain. It is phosphorylated in vivo by Cdk1 during mitosis of the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

Ras and Rab interactor 1

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity and small GTPase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to act upstream of or within associative learning; memory; and negative regulation of synaptic plasticity. Located in cytoplasm and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ras and Rab interactor 3

Summary: This protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RIN family of Ras interaction-interference proteins, which are binding partners to the RAB5 small GTPases. The protein functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange for RAB5B and RAB31. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

Ras and Rab interactor 2

The RAB5 protein is a small GTPase involved in membrane trafficking in the early endocytic pathway. The protein encoded by this gene binds the GTP-bound form of the RAB5 protein preferentially over the GDP-bound form, and functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAB5. The encoded protein is found primarily as a tetramer in the cytoplasm and does not bind other members of the RAB family. Mutations in this gene cause macrocephaly alopecia cutis laxa and scoliosis (MACS) syndrome, an elastic tissue disorder, as well as the related connective tissue disorder, RIN2 syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

C3 and PZP-like, alpha-2-macroglobulin domain containing 8 pseudogene

coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor-like

transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain containing 1

Involved in ERAD pathway. Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including centrosome; postsynaptic membrane; and recycling endosome. Predicted to be active in postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain containing 2

Predicted to be involved in ERAD pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA guanylyltransferase and 5'-phosphatase

Enables inorganic triphosphate phosphatase activity and mRNA guanylyltransferase activity. Involved in 7-methylguanosine mRNA capping. Predicted to be located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator of several genes, including insulin, somatostatin, glucokinase, islet amyloid polypeptide, and glucose transporter type 2. The encoded nuclear protein is involved in the early development of the pancreas and plays a major role in glucose-dependent regulation of insulin gene expression. Defects in this gene are a cause of pancreatic agenesis, which can lead to early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), as well as maturity onset diabetes of the young type 4 (MODY4). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

progestin and adipoQ receptor family member IX

Predicted to enable signaling receptor activity. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

EF-hand and coiled-coil domain containing 1

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

smu-1 suppressor of mec-8 and unc-52 homolog (C. elegans)

Involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Located in nucleus. Part of U2-type precatalytic spliceosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ring finger and WD repeat domain 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase pseudogene 1

ankyrin repeat and death domain containing 1A

Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ankyrin repeat and death domain containing 1B

Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

N-myc (and STAT) interactor

NMYC interactor (NMI) encodes a protein that interacts with NMYC and CMYC (two members of the oncogene Myc family), and other transcription factors containing a Zip, HLH, or HLH-Zip motif. The NMI protein also interacts with all STATs except STAT2 and augments STAT-mediated transcription in response to cytokines IL2 and IFN-gamma. The NMI mRNA has low expression levels in all human fetal and adult tissues tested except brain and has high expression in cancer cell line-myeloid leukemias. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5-like

cilia and flagella associated protein 126

Predicted to be involved in cilium organization and flagellated sperm motility. Located in axonemal microtubule. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ring finger and FYVE-like domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

Enables enzyme binding activity; p53 binding activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity; negative regulation of signal transduction; and protein K48-linked ubiquitination. Located in endosome membrane and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 3-like

The Integrator complex contains at least 12 subunits and associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates the 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690). INTS11, or CPSF3L, is the catalytic subunit of the Integrator complex (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 1

Enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity; beta-catenin binding activity; and nuclear receptor coactivator activity. Involved in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription and positive regulation of gene expression. Located in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2

This gene encodes a coiled-coil domain-containing protein. The encoded protein functions as a receptor for ubiquitin-coated bacteria and plays an important role in innate immunity by mediating macroautophagy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 1-like

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DET1 and DDB1 associated 1

Involved in protein polyubiquitination. Part of Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. This gene product is one of two closely related family members, the HAND proteins, which are asymmetrically expressed in the developing ventricular chambers and play an essential role in cardiac morphogenesis. Working in a complementary fashion, they function in the formation of the right ventricle and aortic arch arteries, implicating them as mediators of congenital heart disease. In addition, this transcription factor plays an important role in limb and branchial arch development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

FCH and double SH3 domains 1

Predicted to enable lipid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in neuromuscular synaptic transmission and positive regulation of actin filament polymerization. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including import into nucleus; inflammatory response; and response to hydrogen peroxide. Predicted to be located in cuticular plate. Predicted to be part of protein-containing complex. Predicted to be active in cytosol; neuromuscular junction; and recycling endosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

FCH and double SH3 domains 2

Enables phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding activity and phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding activity. Involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis and positive regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation. Located in clathrin-coated pit and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia and elliptocytosis chromosomal region gene 1

The exact function of this gene is not known, however, submicroscopic deletion of the X chromosome including this gene, COL4A5, and FACL4 genes, result in a contiguous gene deletion syndrome, the AMME complex (Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia, and elliptocytosis). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor pseudogene 3

transmembrane phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase and tensin homolog 2

TPIP is a member of a large class of membrane-associated phosphatases with substrate specificity for the 3-position phosphate of inositol phospholipids.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002]

transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 1 pseudogene 1

RGD motif, leucine rich repeats, tropomodulin domain and proline-rich containing

This gene encodes a member of the CARMIL (capping protein, Arp2/3, myosin-I linker) family of proteins. The encoded protein interacts with and negatively regulates the heterodimeric capping protein and promotes cell migration. Reduced expression of this gene has been observed in human psoriasis patients. Mutations in this gene cause a human immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by smooth muscle tumors and impaired T-cell function. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 2

The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The encoded protein contains many tetratricopeptide repeats, sequences known for being involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein binds both the calcium uptake pump SERCA2B and the carbohydrate-binding chaperone calnexin, and it appears to play a role in calcium homeostasis in the ER. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1

This gene is found in a cluster with two other members of the gene family, having in common a zinc finger-like DNA-binding motif (DM domain). The DM domain is an ancient, conserved component of the vertebrate sex-determining pathway that is also a key regulator of male development in flies and nematodes. This gene exhibits a gonad-specific and sexually dimorphic expression pattern. Defective testicular development and XY feminization occur when this gene is hemizygous. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the DMRT gene family, sharing a DM DNA-binding domain with Drosophila 'doublesex' (dsx) and C. elegans mab3, genes involved in sex determination in these organisms. Also, this gene is located in a region of the human genome (chromosome 9p24.3) associated with gonadal dysgenesis and XY sex reversal. Hence this gene is one of the candidates for sex-determining gene(s) on chr 9. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in male sex differentiation and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including adult walking behavior; regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth; and ventral spinal cord interneuron specification. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CASP2 and RIPK1 domain containing adaptor with death domain

This gene encodes a protein containing a death domain (DD) motif. This protein recruits caspase 2/ICH1 to the cell death signal transduction complex, which includes tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1A) and RIPK1/RIP kinase, and acts in promoting apoptosis. A mutation in this gene was associated with cognitive disability. A related pseudogene is found on chromosome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

Hypertelorism, preauricular sinus, punctal pits, and deafness

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1

This gene encodes a member of an ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein family involved in membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics. This gene functions as a direct regulator of the adaptor-related protein complex 3 on endosomes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the centaurin gamma-like family. It mediates anti-apoptotic effects of nerve growth factor by activating nuclear phosphoinositide 3-kinase. It is overexpressed in cancer cells, and promotes cancer cell invasion. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3

This gene encodes an essential component of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling complex which mediates long-term potentiation in synapses by linking activation of NMDA receptor to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor trafficking. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal GTPase-like domain, a pleckstrin homology domain, an ArfGAP domain and several C-terminal ankryn repeat domains. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 4

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity and GTPase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 5

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity and GTPase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 6

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity and GTPase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 9

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity and GTPase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1

This gene encodes a HECT domain and ankyrin repeat-containing ubiquitin ligase. The encoded protein is involved in specific tagging of target proteins, leading to their subcellular localization or proteasomal degradation. The protein is a potential tumor suppressor and is involved in the pathophysiology of several tumors, including Wilm's tumor. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

RUN and SH3 domain containing 2

This gene encodes a RUN and SH3 domain containing protein that interacts with Rab1b and Rab1-binding protein GM130. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]

RUN and SH3 domain containing 1

Predicted to enable actin binding activity. Involved in protein polyubiquitination. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

leucine zipper and CTNNBIP1 domain containing

Predicted to enable beta-catenin binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 7

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator, having been shown to increase the transcription of activator protein-1 and serum response element. The encoded protein can also form a complex with KBTBD6 and CUL3, which regulates the ubiquitylation and degradation of TIAM1, which is a regulator of RAC1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 4

kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 3

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Predicted to be involved in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Predicted to be part of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 2

Enables ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Involved in protein K48-linked ubiquitination and regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus. Is active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 8

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Involved in neural crest cell development; neural crest formation; and protein monoubiquitination. Part of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 pseudogene

TOPBP1-interacting checkpoint and replication regulator

Enables chromatin binding activity. Involved in regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

BRO1 domain and CAAX motif containing

Involved in mitotic nuclear membrane reassembly. Located in nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

integrin, beta 2 (complement component 3 receptor 3 and 4 subunit)

This gene encodes an integrin beta chain, which combines with multiple different alpha chains to form different integrin heterodimers. Integrins are integral cell-surface proteins that participate in cell adhesion as well as cell-surface mediated signalling. The encoded protein plays an important role in immune response and defects in this gene cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

cilia and flagella associated protein 69

Acts upstream of or within sperm axoneme assembly. Located in cytoplasm and sperm midpiece. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 24. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cilia and flagella associated protein 61

Involved in sperm flagellum assembly. Predicted to be located in radial spoke stalk and sperm flagellum. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 84. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha motif and leucine zipper containing kinase AZK

This gene is a member of the MAPKKK family of signal transduction molecules and encodes a protein with an N-terminal kinase catalytic domain, followed by a leucine zipper motif and a sterile-alpha motif (SAM). This magnesium-binding protein forms homodimers and is located in the cytoplasm. The protein mediates gamma radiation signaling leading to cell cycle arrest and activity of this protein plays a role in cell cycle checkpoint regulation in cells. The protein also has pro-apoptotic activity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

V-set and transmembrane domain containing 5

Predicted to be involved in several processes, including filopodium assembly; positive regulation of excitatory synapse assembly; and protein homooligomerization. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in axon; dendrite; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

V-set and transmembrane domain containing 4

Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including endothelial cell proliferation; retina blood vessel maintenance; and vasculature development. Predicted to be located in extracellular region and plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

V-set and transmembrane domain containing 1

Predicted to enable cytokine activity. Predicted to be involved in immune response-regulating signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in extracellular space and membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha

This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The protein encoded by this gene responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase. The DNA damage-induced transcription of this gene is mediated by both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta

This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The genes in this group respond to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway. This activation is mediated via their proteins binding and activating MTK1/MEKK4 kinase, which is an upstream activator of both p38 and JNK MAPKs. The function of these genes or their protein products is involved in the regulation of growth and apoptosis. These genes are regulated by different mechanisms, but they are often coordinately expressed and can function cooperatively in inhibiting cell growth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma

This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The protein encoded by this gene responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase. The GADD45G is highly expressed in placenta. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 45 pseudogene 2

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 45 pseudogene 1

HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 1

This gen encodes a member of the HERC protein family. This protein stimulates guanine nucleotide exchange on ARF1 and Rab proteins. This protein may be involved in membrane transport processes. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 3

This gene encodes a member the HERC ubiquitin ligase family. The encoded protein is located in the cytosol and binds ubiquitin via a HECT domain. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal and gastric carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2

This gene belongs to the HERC gene family that encodes a group of unusually large proteins, which contain multiple structural domains. All members have at least 1 copy of an N-terminal region showing homology to the cell cycle regulator RCC1 and a C-terminal HECT (homologous to E6-AP C terminus) domain found in a number of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases. Genetic variations in this gene are associated with skin/hair/eye pigmentation variability. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 15 and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5

This gene is a member of the HERC family of ubiquitin ligases and encodes a protein with a HECT domain and five RCC1 repeats. Pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulate expression of this gene in endothelial cells. The protein localizes to the cytoplasm and perinuclear region and functions as an interferon-induced E3 protein ligase that mediates ISGylation of protein targets. The protein also acts as a modulator of the antiviral immune response. The gene lies in a cluster of HERC family genes on chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2021]

HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 4

HERC4 belongs to the HERC family of ubiquitin ligases, all of which contain a HECT domain and at least 1 RCC1 (MIM 179710)-like domain (RLD). The 350-amino acid HECT domain is predicted to catalyze the formation of a thioester with ubiquitin before transferring it to a substrate, and the RLD is predicted to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for small G proteins (Hochrainer et al., 2005 [PubMed 15676274]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 6

HERC6 belongs to the HERC family of ubiquitin ligases, all of which contain a HECT domain and at least 1 RCC1 (MIM 179710)-like domain (RLD). The 350-amino acid HECT domain is predicted to catalyze the formation of a thioester with ubiquitin before transferring it to a substrate, and the RLD is predicted to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for small G proteins (Hochrainer et al., 2005 [PubMed 15676274]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 pseudogene 10

fibronectin type III and ankyrin repeat domains 1

Involved in regulation of DNA-templated transcription and regulation of apoptotic process. Located in chromatin; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ankyrin repeat and MYND domain containing 1

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ankyrin repeat and MYND domain containing 2

Predicted to enable enzyme binding activity and metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be located in cilium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1-like

alanine and arginine rich domain containing protein

Predicted to act upstream of or within response to testosterone. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 1 pseudogene

remodeling and spacing factor 1

This gene encodes a nuclear protein that interacts with hepatitis B virus X protein (HBX) and facilitates transcription of hepatitis B virus genes by the HBX transcription activator, suggesting a role for this interaction in the virus life cycle. This protein also interacts with SNF2H protein to form the RSF chromatin-remodeling complex, where the SNF2H subunit functions as the nucleosome-dependent ATPase, and this protein as the histone chaperone. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

cilia and flagella associated protein 69 pseudogene

cilia and flagella associated protein 47

While this gene is well-supported by transcript data, no functional information on its protein product is currently available. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

cilia and flagella associated protein 44

Enables peptidase activity. Involved in sperm axoneme assembly. Acts upstream of or within microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; and motile cilium. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 20. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 20

Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXL20, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 21 (gene/pseudogene)

This locus represents a transcribed pseudogene that is related to genes encoding members of the F-box family of proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2017]

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 22

This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family. This F-box protein interacts with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1A and cullin in order to form SCF complexes which function as ubiquitin ligases.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 8 pseudogene

coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackieviruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 15, 18, and 21. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

Microtia with nasolacrimal duct imperforation and eye coloboma

inverted formin, FH2 and WH2 domain containing

This gene represents a member of the formin family of proteins. It is considered a diaphanous formin due to the presence of a diaphanous inhibitory domain located at the N-terminus of the encoded protein. Studies of a similar mouse protein indicate that the protein encoded by this locus may function in polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments. Mutations at this locus have been associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 5.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

prostate and testis expressed 4

Enables acetylcholine receptor regulator activity. Involved in regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity. Located in acrosomal vesicle and extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 1

This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine phosphatase family. The encoded protein promotes apoptosis by dephosphorylating and inactivating the serine/threonine kinase Akt, and functions as a tumor suppressor in multiple types of cancer. Increased expression of this gene may also play a role in obesity and type 2 diabetes by interfering with Akt-mediated insulin signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

DIS3 exosome endoribonuclease and 3'-5' exoribonuclease

Enables 3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity; endonuclease activity; and guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Involved in CUT catabolic process; RNA processing; and rRNA catabolic process. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. Part of nuclear exosome (RNase complex). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 4B

Involved in brush border assembly; protein localization to microvillus; and protein-containing complex assembly. Located in brush border and microvillus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 2 pseudogene 1

region containing immunoglobulin superfamily, member 6 and DREV1

sushi, nidogen and EGF-like domains 1

Predicted to enable Notch binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell-matrix adhesion. Located in extracellular matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Myelodysplasia and leukemia syndrome with monosomy 7

transcription elongation factor A (SII) N-terminal and central domain containing 2

Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

G patch domain and KOW motifs

This gene encodes a putative RNA-binding protein containing G-patch and KOW (Kyprides, Ouzounis, Woese) domains. The encoded protein interacts directly with protein kinase A and protein kinase X and is also found associated with the spliceosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

CUB and zona pellucida-like domains 1

Predicted to be involved in trypsinogen activation. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ring finger and WD repeat domain 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase pseudogene

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (pulmonary and activation-regulated)

This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for naive T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and nonactivated lymphocytes, but not for monocytes or granulocytes. This chemokine attracts naive T lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes. It may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein mediates the signal transduction triggered by various cell ligands, such as IL2, IL4, CSF1, and different growth hormones. It has been shown to be involved in diverse biological processes, such as TCR signaling, apoptosis, adult mammary gland development, and sexual dimorphism of liver gene expression. This gene was found to fuse to retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARA) gene in a small subset of acute promyelocytic leukemias (APLL). The dysregulation of the signaling pathways mediated by this protein may be the cause of the APLL. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is activated by, and mediates the responses of many cell ligands, such as IL2, IL3, IL7 GM-CSF, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and different growth hormones. Activation of this protein in myeloma and lymphoma associated with a TEL/JAK2 gene fusion is independent of cell stimulus and has been shown to be essential for tumorigenesis. The mouse counterpart of this gene is found to induce the expression of BCL2L1/BCL-X(L), which suggests the antiapoptotic function of this gene in cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]

RAS guanyl releasing protein 2 (calcium and DAG-regulated)

The protein encoded by this gene is a brain-enriched nucleotide exchanged factor that contains an N-terminal GEF domain, 2 tandem repeats of EF-hand calcium-binding motifs, and a C-terminal diacylglycerol/phorbol ester-binding domain. This protein can activate small GTPases, including RAS and RAP1/RAS3. The nucleotide exchange activity of this protein can be stimulated by calcium and diacylglycerol. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

RAS guanyl releasing protein 3 (calcium and DAG-regulated)

The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates the oncogenes HRAS and RAP1A. Defects in this gene have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and several cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (calcium and DAG-regulated)

This gene is a member of a family of genes characterized by the presence of a Ras superfamily guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain. It functions as a diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. It activates the Erk/MAP kinase cascade and regulates T-cells and B-cells development, homeostasis and differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Altered expression of the different isoforms of this protein may be a cause of susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 10 pseudogene

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 pseudogene

ankyrin-repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 1

Predicted to be involved in establishment of mitotic spindle orientation and regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity. Predicted to act upstream of or within behavioral fear response; equilibrioception; and locomotor rhythm. Predicted to be active in spindle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Porokeratosis, palmar, plantar, and disseminated 1

LIM and calponin homology domains 1

Enables myosin II head/neck binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility; positive regulation of stress fiber assembly; and regulation of focal adhesion assembly. Located in myosin II complex and stress fiber. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

BAH domain and coiled-coil containing 1

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within chromatin organization; locomotory behavior; and neuron differentiation. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

WW and C2 domain containing 2

This gene encodes a member of the WW-and-C2-domain-containing family of proteins. Members of this family have two N-terminal WW domains that mediate binding to target proteins harboring L/PPxY motifs, an internal C2 domain for membrane association, and C-terminal alpha protein kinase C binding sites and class III PDZ domain-interaction motifs. Proteins of this family are able to form homo- and heterodimers and to modulate hippo pathway signaling. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

migration and invasion enhancer 1

Involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process; positive regulation of cell migration; and positive regulation of filopodium assembly. Located in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane and cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nucleus accumbens associated 1, BEN and BTB (POZ) domain containing pseudogene

transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 1

Enables receptor ligand inhibitor activity. Involved in negative regulation of viral entry into host cell. Is active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2

This gene encodes a member of the tomoregulin family of transmembrane proteins. This protein has been shown to function as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor depending on the cellular context and may regulate prostate cancer cell invasion. Multiple soluble forms of this protein have been identified that arise from both an alternative splice variant and ectodomain shedding. Additionally, this gene has been found to be hypermethylated in multiple cancer types. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

proline and serine rich 1

This gene encodes a conserved protein containing proline and serine rich regions. These regions may be important in protein-protein interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

proline and serine rich 2

proline and serine rich 3

Located in centrosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1

Enables NAD+ nucleosidase activity; NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating; and identical protein binding activity. Involved in NAD catabolic process and response to axon injury. Is active in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cubitus valgus with mental retardation and unusual facies

primase and polymerase (DNA-directed)

This gene encodes a DNA primase-polymerase that belongs to a superfamily of archaeao-eukaryotic primases. Members of this family have primase activity, catalyzing the synthesis of short RNA primers that serve as starting points for DNA synthesis, as well as DNA polymerase activity. The encoded protein facilitates DNA damage tolerance by mediating uninterrupted fork progression after UV irradiation and reinitiating DNA synthesis. An allelic variant in this gene is associated with myopia 22. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

EGF-like and EMI domain containing 1, pseudogene

Predicted to enable scavenger receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in vesicle-mediated transport. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 3-like

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; focal adhesion; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 pseudogene

single immunoglobulin and toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain

Involved in negative regulation of Toll signaling pathway. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ELM2 and Myb/SANT-like domain containing 1

Predicted to enable transcription corepressor activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1

This gene encodes an angiogenic factor that promotes proliferation of endothelial cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with a susceptibility to Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 3, 4, 10 and 16.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

solute carrier family 47 (multidrug and toxin extrusion), member 2

This gene encodes a protein belonging to a family of transporters involved in excretion of toxic electrolytes, both endogenous and exogenous, through urine and bile. This transporter family shares homology with the bacterial MATE (multidrug and toxin extrusion) protein family responsible for drug resistance. This gene is one of two members of the MATE transporter family located near each other on chromosome 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 47 (multidrug and toxin extrusion), member 1

This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. It encodes a protein of unknown function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1-like

ankyrin repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 1

This gene encodes a protein with an ankyrin repeat region and two BTB/POZ domains, which are thought to be involved in protein-protein interactions. Expression of this gene is activated by the phosphatase and tensin homolog, a tumor suppressor. Alternate splicing results in three transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

ankyrin repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 2

Predicted to enable protein heterodimerization activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within cellular response to toxic substance. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 7

This gene encodes a protein with multiple WD40 repeats which facilitate protein-protein interactions and thereby enable the assembly of multiprotein complexes. This protein has been shown to function as a scaffold protein for protein complexes involved in kinase signaling. This highly conserved gene is present in eukaryotic plants, fungi, and animals. The ortholog of this gene was first identified in plants as a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis and flower pigmentation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 6

The protein encoded by this gene is a ligand-dependent coactivator of nuclear receptors, including nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and androgen receptor (AR). The encoded protein and DNA damage binding protein 2 (DDB2) may act as tumor promoters and tumor suppressors, respectively, by regulating the level of androgen receptor in prostate tissues. In addition, this protein can act with glucocorticoid receptor to promote human papillomavirus gene expression. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 5

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process. Part of Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 4

This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that interacts with the Cul4-Ddb1 E3 ligase macromolecular complex. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 8

This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that interacts with the Cul4-Ddb1 E3 ligase macromolecular complex. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]

RanBP-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger containing 1

Enables several functions, including protein sequestering activity; transcription coactivator activity; and ubiquitin binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; protein linear polyubiquitination; and regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity. Part of LUBAC complex. Implicated in glycogen storage disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 2-like

PAX3 and PAX7 binding protein 1

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity and histone methyltransferase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of myoblast proliferation and regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

bromodomain and WD repeat domain containing 3

The protein encoded by this gene contains a bromodomain and several WD repeats. It is thought to have a chromatin-modifying function, and may thus play a role in transcription. Mutations in this gene are associated with a spectrum of cognitive disabilities and X-linked macrocephaly. This gene is also associated with translocations in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

bromodomain and WD repeat domain containing 1

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD) residues which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This protein contains 2 bromodomains and multiple WD repeats. This gene is located within the Down syndrome region-2 on chromosome 21. Alternative splicing of this gene generates multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. In mouse, this gene encodes a nuclear protein that has a polyglutamine-containing region that functions as a transcriptional activation domain which may regulate chromatin remodelling and associates with a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 18

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 10

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleoplasm. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 12

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 16

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Janus kinase and microtubule interacting protein 3

Predicted to enable kinase binding activity and microtubule binding activity. Predicted to be located in Golgi apparatus and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

janus kinase and microtubule interacting protein 2

The protein encoded by this gene is reported to be a component of the Golgi matrix. It may act as a golgin protein by negatively regulating transit of secretory cargo and by acting as a structural scaffold of the Golgi. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

janus kinase and microtubule interacting protein 1

Enables GABA receptor binding activity and RNA binding activity. Involved in cognition. Located in membrane. Part of ribonucleoprotein complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 3

cell division cycle and apoptosis regulator 1

Enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity; nuclear receptor coactivator activity; and transcription corepressor activity. Involved in positive regulation of cell migration and positive regulation of cell population proliferation. Acts upstream of or within positive regulation of apoptotic process. Located in nuclear envelope lumen. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2

Enables RNA polymerase II complex binding activity and enzyme inhibitor activity. Involved in several processes, including mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process; regulation of primary metabolic process; and regulation of signal transduction. Located in several cellular components, including mitochondrial matrix; nucleoplasm; and spindle. Part of DBIRD complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 8A

Enables several functions, including DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity; and transcription coactivator binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 8B

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface hypoplasia, and elliptocytosis

regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1) and BTB (POZ) domain containing protein 2 pseudogene 1

cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 4-like

Predicted to enable RNA binding activity and metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 3'-end processing. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

basic helix-loop-helix and HMG box domain containing 1

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity and protein dimerization activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including activation of meiosis; cellular response to retinoic acid; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (autosomal recessive)-like 1

Predicted to enable signaling receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in immune response. Predicted to act upstream of or within sensory perception of sound. Predicted to be located in cytosol; extracellular space; and membrane. Implicated in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 9 pseudogene 1

ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1

This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of RING-finger type E3 ubiquitin ligases. The protein binds to specific DNA sequences, and recruits a histone deacetylase to regulate gene expression. Its expression peaks at late G1 phase and continues during G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. It plays a major role in the G1/S transition by regulating topoisomerase IIalpha and retinoblastoma gene expression, and functions in the p53-dependent DNA damage checkpoint. It is regarded as a hub protein for the integration of epigenetic information. This gene is up-regulated in various cancers, and it is therefore considered to be a therapeutic target. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A related pseudogene exists on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

This gene encodes a nuclear protein which is involved in cell-cycle regulation. The encoded protein is a ubiquitin-ligase capable of ubiquinating PCNP (PEST-containing nuclear protein), and together they may play a role in tumorigenesis. The encoded protein contains an NIRF_N domain, a PHD finger, a set- and ring-associated (SRA) domain, and a RING finger domain and several of these domains have been shown to be essential for the regulation of cell proliferation. This protein may also have a role in intranuclear degradation of polyglutamine aggregates. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants some of which are non-protein coding. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

DNA replication and sister chromatid cohesion 1

CHTF18 (MIM 613201), CHTF8 (MIM 613202), and DSCC1 are components of an alternative replication factor C (RFC) (see MIM 600404) complex that loads PCNA (MIM 176740) onto DNA during S phase of the cell cycle (Merkle et al., 2003 [PubMed 12766176]; Bermudez et al., 2003 [PubMed 12930902]).[supplied by OMIM, Dec 2009]

hematological and neurological expressed 1 pseudogene

four and a half LIM domains 2

This gene encodes a member of the four-and-a-half-LIM-only protein family. Family members contain two highly conserved, tandemly arranged, zinc finger domains with four highly conserved cysteines binding a zinc atom in each zinc finger. This protein is thought to have a role in the assembly of extracellular membranes. Also, this gene is down-regulated during transformation of normal myoblasts to rhabdomyosarcoma cells and the encoded protein may function as a link between presenilin-2 and an intracellular signaling pathway. Multiple alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

four and a half LIM domains 3

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of proteins containing a four-and-a-half LIM domain, which is a highly conserved double zinc finger motif. The encoded protein has been shown to interact with the cancer developmental regulators SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4, the skeletal muscle myogenesis protein MyoD, and the high-affinity IgE beta chain regulator MZF-1. This protein may be involved in tumor suppression, repression of MyoD expression, and repression of IgE receptor expression. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

four and a half LIM domains 1

This gene encodes a member of the four-and-a-half-LIM-only protein family. Family members contain two highly conserved, tandemly arranged, zinc finger domains with four highly conserved cysteines binding a zinc atom in each zinc finger. Expression of these family members occurs in a cell- and tissue-specific mode and these proteins are involved in many cellular processes. Mutations in this gene have been found in patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Multiple alternately spliced transcript variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

fetal and adult testis expressed 1

This gene encodes a cancer-testis antigen that is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinomas and other tumors and weakly expressed in normal tissues except testis. The protein is strongly expressed in spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules. This protein may have a role in the control of early testicular differentiation and cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

zinc and ring finger 4

Enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in negative regulation of nucleotide-binding activity oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway and proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Is active in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc and ring finger 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in neural-cell differentiation. Overexpression of this gene causes neurite-like elongation. The encoded protein contains both a zinc finger and a RING finger motif and is localized in the endosome/lysosome compartment, indicating that it may be involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein modification, and in synaptic vessicle membranes in neurons. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

zinc and ring finger 3

Enables frizzled binding activity and ubiquitin-protein transferase activity. Involved in negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway; protein ubiquitination; and ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc and ring finger 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

Enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in positive regulation of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Located in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; nuclear lumen; and plasma membrane. Part of protein-containing complex. Is active in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 2 pseudogene

transcription elongation factor A (SII) N-terminal and central domain containing

Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

inositol hexakisphosphate and diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinase 1-like

zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2 pseudogene

chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the formation of the pre-replication complex that is necessary for DNA replication. The encoded protein can bind geminin, which prevents replication and may function to prevent this protein from initiating replication at inappropriate origins. Phosphorylation of this protein by cyclin A-dependent kinases results in degradation of the protein. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

phosphatase and tensin homolog pseudogene 1 (functional)

PTENP1 represents a highly homologous processed pseudogene of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), a protein that encodes a tumor suppressor that functions by negatively regulating the AKT/PKB signaling pathway. PTENP1 is found on chromosome 9 and regulates PTEN by both sense and antisense RNAs (Gene ID: 101243555). This long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) acts as a decoy for PTEN targeting microRNAs and also exerts a tumor suppressive activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]

leucine-rich repeats and transmembrane domains 2

Predicted to enable Roundabout binding activity and heparin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in axon guidance and negative chemotaxis. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of synapse assembly. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHORD) containing 1 pseudogene

ring finger and SPRY domain containing 1

This gene encodes a glycoprotein that contains a RING-type zinc finger domain and an SPRY domain of unknown function. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

ankyrin and armadillo repeat containing

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CASP2 and RIPK1 domain containing adaptor with death domain pseudogene

G-2 and S-phase expressed 1

The protein encoded by this gene is only expressed in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, where it colocalizes with cytoplasmic tubulin and microtubules. In response to DNA damage, the encoded protein accumulates in the nucleus and binds the tumor suppressor protein p53, shuttling it out of the nucleus and repressing its ability to induce apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

FYVE and coiled-coil domain containing 1

The gene encodes a Rab7 adapter protein that is implicated in the microtubule transport of autophagosomes. The encoded protein contains a RUN domain, a FYVE-type zinc finger domain, and Golgi dynamics (GOLD) domain. The encoded protein plays a role in microtubule plus end-directed transport of autophagic vesicles through interactions with the small GTPase Rab7, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), the autophagosome marker LC3, and the kinesin KIF5. Mutations in this gene are associated with inclusion body myositis (IBM) and autosomal recessive congenital cataracts (CATC2). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

hect domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 1

hect domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 3

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in protein ubiquitination. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

hect domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 2

hect domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 5

hect domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 4

hect domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 7

hect domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 6

hect domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 9

hect domain and RLD 2 pseudogene 8

checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase required for the maintenance of the antephase checkpoint that regulates cell cycle entry into mitosis and, therefore, may play a key role in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. The encoded protein has an N-terminal forkhead-associated domain, a central RING-finger domain, and a cysteine-rich C-terminal region. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulator and oncoprotein that may be involved in hematopoiesis, apoptosis, development, and cell differentiation and proliferation. The encoded protein can interact with CTBP1, SMAD3, CREBBP, KAT2B, MAPK8, and MAPK9. This gene can undergo translocation with the AML1 gene, resulting in overexpression of this gene and the onset of leukemia. Several transcript variants encoding a few different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 7 pseudogene 1

zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 9

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 4

The ZSCAN4 gene encodes a protein involved in telomere maintenance and with a key role in the critical feature of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, namely, defying cellular senescence and maintaining normal karyotype for many cell divisions in culture (Zalzman et al., 2010 [PubMed 20336070]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2010]

zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 1

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 2

The protein encoded by this gene contains several copies of zinc finger motif, which is commonly found in transcriptional regulatory proteins. Studies in mice show that this gene is expressed during embryonic development, and specifically in the testis in adult mice, suggesting that it may play a role in regulating genes in germ cells. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing

This gene encodes a Plekstrin homology and SEC7 domains-containing protein that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. The encoded protein regulates signal transduction by activating ADP-ribosylation factor 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

SAMM50 sorting and assembly machinery component pseudogene 1

cilia and flagella associated protein 36

Located in ciliary transition zone. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1

This gene encodes an ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase-activating protein. The GTPase-activating activity is stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2), and is greater towards ARF1 and ARF5, and lesser for ARF6. This gene maybe involved in regulation of membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton remodeling. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2

This gene encodes a multidomain protein containing an N-terminal alpha-helical region with a coiled-coil motif, followed by a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an Arf-GAP domain, an ankyrin homology region, a proline-rich region, and a C-terminal Src homology 3 (SH3) domain. The protein localizes in the Golgi apparatus and at the plasma membrane, where it colocalizes with protein tyrosine kinase 2-beta (PYK2). The encoded protein forms a stable complex with PYK2 in vivo. This interaction appears to be mediated by binding of its SH3 domain to the C-terminal proline-rich domain of PYK2. The encoded protein is tyrosine phosphorylated by activated PYK2. It has catalytic activity for class I and II ArfGAPs in vitro, and can bind the class III Arf ARF6 without immediate GAP activity. The encoded protein is believed to function as an ARF GAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. In addition, it functions as a substrate and downstream target for PYK2 and SRC, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3

This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor(Arf) GTPase-activating proteins that contain additional ankyrin repeat and pleckstrin homology domains. The Arf GAP domain of this protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf proteins. The encoded protein promotes cell differentiation and migration and has been implicated in cancer cell invasion. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

ankyrin repeat and LEM domain containing 1

Enables endonuclease activity. Involved in DNA damage response and protein export from nucleus. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ankyrin repeat and LEM domain containing 2

This gene encodes a member of the LEM family of inner nuclear membrane proteins. The encoded protein functions as a mitotic regulator through postmitotic formation of the nuclear envelope. Mutations in this gene cause morphology defects in the nuclear envelope and BAF hyperphosphorylation. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

spastic paraplegia 7 (pure and complicated autosomal recessive)

This gene encodes a mitochondrial metalloprotease protein that is a member of the AAA family. Members of this protein family share an ATPase domain and have roles in diverse cellular processes including membrane trafficking, intracellular motility, organelle biogenesis, protein folding, and proteolysis. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 7. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

von Willebrand factor D and EGF domains

Predicted to enable signaling receptor binding activity. Predicted to be active in cell surface and extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ras and Rab interactor-like

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity and small GTPase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in endocytosis. Predicted to be located in ruffle. Predicted to be active in cytosol and endocytic vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies and mental retardation syndrome

signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein plays a central role in exerting IL4 mediated biological responses. It is found to induce the expression of BCL2L1/BCL-X(L), which is responsible for the anti-apoptotic activity of IL4. Knockout studies in mice suggested the roles of this gene in differentiation of T helper 2 (Th2) cells, expression of cell surface markers, and class switch of immunoglobulins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 1

Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including endosome fission; endosome membrane tubulation; and membrane fission. Located in cytosol; endoplasmic reticulum-endosome membrane contact site; and rough endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 2

Involved in amyloid precursor protein metabolic process. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane and coiled-coil domain family 3

Enables 14-3-3 protein binding activity and identical protein binding activity. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SAM domain and HD domain 1

This gene may play a role in regulation of the innate immune response. The encoded protein is upregulated in response to viral infection and may be involved in mediation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha proinflammatory responses. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

PYD and CARD domain containing

This gene encodes an adaptor protein that is composed of two protein-protein interaction domains: a N-terminal PYRIN-PAAD-DAPIN domain (PYD) and a C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain (CARD). The PYD and CARD domains are members of the six-helix bundle death domain-fold superfamily that mediates assembly of large signaling complexes in the inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways via the activation of caspase. In normal cells, this protein is localized to the cytoplasm; however, in cells undergoing apoptosis, it forms ball-like aggregates near the nuclear periphery. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3

The protein encoded by this gene is an integrin ligand. It plays an important role in mediating angiogenesis and may be important in vessel wall remodeling and development. It also influences endothelial cell behavior. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains

This gene encodes a member of the PVR (poliovirus receptor) family of immunoglobin proteins. The product of this gene is expressed on several classes of T cells including follicular B helper T cells (TFH). The protein has been shown to bind PVR with high affinity; this binding is thought to assist interactions between TFH and dendritic cells to regulate T cell dependent B cell responses.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 7, pseudogene

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity and GTPase activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

p53 and DNA damage-regulated protein 1 pseudogene

centriole, cilia and spindle-associated protein

Enables microtubule binding activity. Involved in mitotic spindle microtubule depolymerization and regulation of mitotic spindle assembly. Located in axon; ciliary transition zone; and cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

multiciliate differentiation and DNA synthesis associated cell cycle protein

This gene encodes a member of the geminin family of proteins. The encoded nuclear protein is required for the generation of multiciliated cells in respiratory epithelium. Mutations in this gene cause a rare mucociliary clearance disorder associated with recurring respiratory infections in human patients, known as reduced generation of multiple motile cilia (RGMC). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

WD repeat and HMG-box DNA binding protein 1

The protein encoded by this gene contains multiple N-terminal WD40 domains and a C-terminal high mobility group (HMG) box. WD40 domains are found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins and may function as adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly. HMG boxes are found in many eukaryotic proteins involved in chromatin assembly, transcription and replication. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pyrin and HIN domain family, member 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HIN-200 family of interferon-inducible proteins that share a 200-amino acid signature motif at their C-termini. HIN200 proteins are primarily nuclear and are involved in transcriptional regulation of genes important for cell cycle control, differentiation, and apoptosis. Downregulation of this gene is associated with breast cancer. This protein acts as a tumor suppressor by promoting ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MDM2, which leads to stabilization of p53/TP53. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 2

The WFIKKN1 protein contains a WAP domain, follistatin domain, immunoglobulin domain, two tandem Kunitz domains, and an NTR domain. This gene encodes a WFIKKN1-related protein which has the same domain organization as the WFIKKN1 protein. The WAP-type, follistatin type, Kunitz-type, and NTR-type protease inhibitory domains may control the action of multiple types of proteases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 1

This gene encodes a secreted multidomain protein consisting of a signal peptide, a WAP domain, a follistatin domain, an immunoglobulin domain, two tandem Kunitz domains, and an NTR domain. These domains have been implicated frequently in inhibition of various types of proteases, suggesting that the encoded protein may be a multivalent protease inhibitor and may control the action of multiple types of serine proteases as well as metalloproteinases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 12-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by Gly-His and Trp-Asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multi-protein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This gene appears to represent an intronless retrocopy of a related multi-exon gene located on chromosome 9. However, the CDS of this intronless gene remains intact, it is conserved in other mammalian species, it is known to be transcribed, and it is therefore thought to encode a functional protein. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 12-like 1

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by gly-his and trp-asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate formation of heterotrimeric or multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2

The members of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes gene family are nuclear homodimeric transcriptional repressors that interact with the A subunit of nuclear factor-Y (NF-YA) and contain two C2H2-type zinc fingers and five homeobox DNA-binding domains. This gene encodes member 2 of this gene family. In addition to forming homodimers, this protein heterodimerizes with member 1 of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

zinc fingers and homeoboxes 3

This gene encodes a member of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes (ZHX) gene family. The encoded protein contains two C2H2-type zinc fingers and five homeodomains and forms a dimer with itself or with zinc fingers and homeoboxes family member 1. In the nucleus, the dimerized protein interacts with the A subunit of the ubiquitous transcription factor nuclear factor-Y and may function as a transcriptional repressor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1

The members of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes gene family are nuclear homodimeric transcriptional repressors that interact with the A subunit of nuclear factor-Y (NF-YA) and contain two C2H2-type zinc fingers and five homeobox DNA-binding domains. This gene encodes member 1 of this gene family. In addition to forming homodimers, this protein heterodimerizes with members 2 and 3 of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream chromosome 8 open reading frame 76 (C8orf76) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 1

The protein encoded by this gene has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, and in the crosstalk between the adiponectin signalling and insulin signalling pathways. The encoded protein binds many other proteins, including RAB5A, DCC, AKT2, PIK3CA, adiponectin receptors, and proteins of the NuRD/MeCP1 complex. This protein is found associated with endosomal membranes, but can be released by EGF and translocated to the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 2

The protein encoded by this gene is one of two effectors of the small GTPase RAB5A/Rab5, which are involved in a signal transduction pathway. Both effectors contain an N-terminal Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a central pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a C-terminal phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, and they bind the Rab5 through the BAR domain. They are associated with endosomal membranes and can be translocated to the nucleus in response to the EGF stimulus. They interact with the NuRD/MeCP1 complex (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase /methyl-CpG-binding protein 1 complex) and are required for efficient cell proliferation. A chromosomal aberration t(12;22)(q24.1;q13.3) involving this gene and the PSAP2 gene results in 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, also known as Phelan-McDermid syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

LON peptidase N-terminal domain and ring finger 2 pseudogene

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 3

This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class and, in addition to an F-box, contains several tandem leucine-rich repeats and is localized in the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 5

This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class and, in addition to an F-box, contains several tandem leucine-rich repeats. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this locus. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

RUN and FYVE domain containing 3 pseudogene

cleavage and polyadenylation factor I subunit 1

This gene encodes a member of the Clp1 family. The encoded protein is a multifunctional kinase which is a component of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex and a component of the pre-mRNA cleavage complex II. This protein is implicated in tRNA, mRNA, and siRNA maturation. Mutations in this gene are associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 10 (PCH10). Alternatively splice transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

pyruvate kinase, liver and RBC

The protein encoded by this gene is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the transphosphorylation of phohsphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate and ATP, which is the rate-limiting step of glycolysis. Defects in this enzyme, due to gene mutations or genetic variations, are the common cause of chronic hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA or HNSHA). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cilia- and flagella-associated protein 54-like

CHRNA7 (cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 7, exons 5-10) and FAM7A (family with sequence similarity 7A, exons A-E) fusion

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. The family member CHRNA7, which is located on chromosome 15 in a region associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders, is partially duplicated and forms a hybrid with a novel gene from the family with sequence similarity 7 (FAM7A). Alternative splicing has been observed, and two variants exist, for this hybrid gene. The N-terminally truncated products predicted by the largest open reading frames for each variant would lack the majority of the neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel ligand binding domain but retain the transmembrane region that forms the ion channel. Although current evidence supports transcription of this hybrid gene, translation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-like protein-encoding open reading frames has not been confirmed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

solute carrier family 47 (multidrug and toxin extrusion), member 2 pseudogene

SET and MYND domain containing 4

Predicted to enable histone deacetylase binding activity. Involved in heart development. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SET and MYND domain containing 1

Predicted to enable several functions, including histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity; metal ion binding activity; and transcription corepressor activity. Involved in positive regulation of myoblast differentiation and positive regulation of myotube differentiation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SET and MYND domain containing 2

SET domain-containing proteins, such as SMYD2, catalyze lysine methylation (Brown et al., 2006 [PubMed 16805913]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008]

SET and MYND domain containing 3

This gene encodes a histone methyltransferase which functions in RNA polymerase II complexes by an interaction with a specific RNA helicase. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

SET domain and mariner transposase fusion gene

This gene encodes a fusion protein that contains an N-terminal histone-lysine N-methyltransferase domain and a C-terminal mariner transposase domain. The encoded protein binds DNA and functions in DNA repair activities including non-homologous end joining and double strand break repair. The SET domain portion of this protein specifically methylates histone H3 lysines 4 and 36. This gene exists as a fusion gene only in anthropoid primates, other organisms lack mariner transposase domain. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 1

This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel C2H2-type zinc-finger family of proteins. This encoded protein may function as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of GABA type-A receptors in the brain. Transcripts from this gene have been shown to form stable and abundant circular RNAs. Elevated expression of this gene has been observed in gastric cancer and the encoded protein may stimulate migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 3

Enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity; and chromatin binding activity. Involved in lysosome organization; negative regulation of metabolic process; and regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 2

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 5

This gene encodes a zinc finger protein of the Kruppel family. The protein contains a SCAN box and a KRAB A domain and may be involved in transcriptional regulation. A similar protein in mouse is differentially expressed in spermatogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 4

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 7

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 8

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Immunoneurologic syndrome X-linked, of Wood, Black, and Norbury

testis and ovary specific PAZ domain containing 1

Predicted to be involved in spermatocyte division. Predicted to act upstream of or within apoptotic process; ectopic germ cell programmed cell death; and lncRNA transcription. Predicted to be located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C

The protein encoded by this gene is a type IV membrane protein found in plasma and intracellular vesicle membranes. The encoded protein is found as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with VAPA. This protein also can interact with VAMP1 and VAMP2 and may be involved in vesicle trafficking. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PCF11 cleavage and polyadenylation factor subunit

The protein encoded by this gene binds to CLP1 to form pre-mRNA cleavage factor IIm. The encoded protein is necessary for efficient Pol II transcription termination and may be involved in degradation of the 3' product of polyA site cleavage. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

BRISC and BRCA1 A complex member 1

Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling; mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling; and positive regulation of DNA repair. Located in cytosol and nuclear body. Part of BRCA1-A complex and BRISC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RUN and FYVE domain containing 1

This gene encodes a protein that contains a RUN domain and a FYVE-type zinc finger domain. The encoded protein binds to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) and plays a role in early endosomal trafficking, tethering and fusion through interactions with small GTPases including Rab4, Rab5 and Rab14. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

RUN and FYVE domain containing 3

This gene encodes a RPIP8, UNC-14, and NESCA domain-containing protein that is required for maintenance of neuronal polarity. In addition, it has been implicated in mediation of gastric cancer cell migration and invasion via interaction with P21-activated kinase-1, which promotes its expression. The encoded protein localizes to F-actin-enriched invadopodia to induce formation of protrusions, thereby facilitating cell migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

RUN and FYVE domain containing 2

Enables SH3 domain binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of endocytosis. Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RUN and FYVE domain containing 4

Enables phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding activity. Involved in autophagosome assembly; cellular response to interleukin-4; and positive regulation of macroautophagy. Located in autophagosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 3 pseudogene 1

pancreatic progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation factor

Predicted to be involved in cell differentiation. Predicted to act upstream of or within TORC1 signaling and liver development. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

extracellular matrix protein 2, female organ and adipocyte specific

ECM2 encodes extracellular matrix protein 2, so named because it shares extensive similarity with known extracelluar matrix proteins. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 4

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of actin filament polymerization. Located in cytosol and microtubule cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 2

This gene encodes a member of the KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains (KANK) family of proteins, which play a role in cytoskeletal formation by regulating actin polymerization. The encoded protein functions in the sequestration of steroid receptor coactivators and possibly other proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with impaired kidney podocyte function and nephrotic syndrome, and keratoderma and woolly hair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 3

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of actin filament polymerization. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Kank family of proteins, which contain multiple ankyrin repeat domains. This family member functions in cytoskeleton formation by regulating actin polymerization. This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor for renal cell carcinoma. Mutations in this gene cause cerebral palsy spastic quadriplegic type 2, a central nervous system development disorder. A t(5;9) translocation results in fusion of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta gene (PDGFRB) on chromosome 5 with this gene in a myeloproliferative neoplasm featuring severe thrombocythemia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 3

This gene encodes a transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, one of which shares its 5' terminal exon with that of the overlapping adenosine A3 receptor gene (GeneID:140), thus resulting in a fusion product. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2

Enables coreceptor activity. Involved in positive regulation of T cell activation; positive regulation of angiogenesis; and positive regulation of cytokine production. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 3

This gene encodes a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding protein that functions as a master conductor for aggregate clearance by autophagy. This protein shuttles from the nuclear membrane to colocalize with aggregated proteins, where it complexes with other autophagic components to achieve macroautophagy-mediated clearance of these aggregated proteins. However, it is not necessary for starvation-induced macroautophagy. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 2

This gene encodes a protein that contains two WD domains and an FYVE zinc finger region. The function of this gene is unknown. An alternatively spliced transcript variant of this gene may exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate binding protein, which contains a FYVE zinc finger domain and multiple WD-40 repeat domains. When exogenously expressed, it localizes to early endosomes. Mutagenesis analysis demonstrates that this endosomal localization is mediated by the FYVE domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHORD) containing 2 pseudogene

sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cytospin-A family. It is localized in the nucleus, and highly expressed in testis and some cancer cell lines. A chromosomal translocation involving this gene and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, beta gene (PDGFRB) may be a cause of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 2

This gene encodes a member of a small family of focal adhesion proteins which interacts with ILK (integrin-linked kinase), a protein which effects protein-protein interactions with the extraceullar matrix. The encoded protein has five LIM domains, each domain forming two zinc fingers, which permit interactions which regulate cell shape and migration. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 4. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 3

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; focal adhesion; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 1

The protein encoded by this gene is an adaptor protein which contains five LIM domains, or double zinc fingers. The protein is likely involved in integrin signaling through its LIM domain-mediated interaction with integrin-linked kinase, found in focal adhesion plaques. It is also thought to act as a bridge linking integrin-linked kinase to NCK adaptor protein 2, which is involved in growth factor receptor kinase signaling pathways. Its localization to the periphery of spreading cells also suggests that this protein may play a role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion or spreading. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 2

SUN1 (MIM 607723) and SUN2 are inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins that play a major role in nuclear-cytoplasmic connection by formation of a 'bridge' across the nuclear envelope, known as the LINC complex, via interaction with the conserved luminal KASH domain of nesprins (e.g., SYNE1; MIM 608441) located in the outer nuclear membrane (ONM). The LINC complex provides a direct connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton, which contributes to nuclear positioning and cellular rigidity (summary by Haque et al., 2010 [PubMed 19933576]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 3

Predicted to enable protein-membrane adaptor activity. Predicted to be located in nuclear inner membrane. Predicted to be part of meiotic nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex. Predicted to be active in nuclear envelope. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 1

This gene is a member of the unc-84 homolog family and encodes a nuclear envelope protein with an Unc84 (SUN) domain. The protein is involved in nuclear anchorage and migration. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2019]

Sad1 and UNC84 domain containing 5

The protein encoded by this gene appears to play a role in the meiotic stage of spermatogenesis. The encoded protein localizes to the junction between the sperm head and body and may be involved in nuclear envelope reconstitution and nuclear migration. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in acephalic spermatozoa syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 1 pseudogene

Acromegaloid features, overgrowth, cleft palate, and hernia

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 8-like 1

This gene encodes a member of the WD repeat protein family. WD repeats are minimally conserved regions of approximately 40 amino acids typically bracketed by Gly-His and Trp-Asp (GH-WD), which may facilitate the formation of heterotrimeric or multi-protein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. This gene appears to represent an intronless retrocopy of a related multi-exon gene located on chromosome 1. However, the CDS of this intronless gene remains intact, it is conserved in other primate species, it is known to be transcribed, and it is therefore thought to encode a functional protein. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 8-like 2

Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

progestin and adipoQ receptor family member VIII

Predicted to enable nuclear steroid receptor activity and steroid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in response to steroid hormone. Located in Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

progestin and adipoQ receptor family member III

This gene encodes a seven-transmembrane protein localized in the Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells. The encoded protein belongs to the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family. This protein functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

progestin and adipoQ receptor family member V

Predicted to enable signaling receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in oogenesis. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

progestin and adipoQ receptor family member IV

Enables molecular adaptor activity. Involved in protein stabilization and regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process. Located in Golgi membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

progestin and adipoQ receptor family member VII

Predicted to enable nuclear steroid receptor activity and steroid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in response to steroid hormone. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

progestin and adipoQ receptor family member VI

Predicted to enable signaling receptor activity. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8

SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 6

This gene encodes a member of the SLITRK protein family. Members of this family are integral membrane proteins that are characterized by two N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and a C-terminal region that shares homology with trk neurotrophin receptors. This protein functions as a regulator of neurite outgrowth required for normal hearing and vision. Mutations in this gene are a cause of myopia and deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 4

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein belonging to the the SLITRK family. These family members include two N-terminal leucine-rich repeat domains similar to those found in the axonal growth-controlling protein SLIT, as well as C-terminal regions similar to neurotrophin receptors. Studies of an homologous protein in mouse suggest that this family member functions to suppress neurite outgrowth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 5

Members of the SLITRK family, such as SLITRK5, are integral membrane proteins with 2 N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains similar to those of SLIT proteins (see SLIT1; MIM 603742). Most SLITRKs, including SLITRK5, also have C-terminal regions that share homology with neurotrophin receptors (see NTRK1; MIM 191315). SLITRKs are expressed predominantly in neural tissues and have neurite-modulating activity (Aruga et al., 2003 [PubMed 14557068]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 2

This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that contains two N-terminal leucine-rich repeats domains and contains C-terminal regions similar to neurotrophin receptors. The encoded protein may play a role in modulating neurite activity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 3

This gene encodes a member of the Slitrk family of structurally related transmembrane proteins that are involved in controlling neurite outgrowth. The encoded protein contains two leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and a C-terminal domain that is partially similar to Trk neurotrophin receptor protein. Enhanced expression of this gene was found in tissue from several different types of tumors. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, all encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 1

This gene encodes a member of the SLITRK protein family. Members of this family are integral membrane proteins that are characterized by two N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and a C-terminal region that shares homology with trk neurotrophin receptors. However, the protein encoded by this gene lacks the region of homology to neurotrophin receptors. This protein is thought to be involved in neurite outgrowth. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Tourette syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

TPTE and PTEN homologous inositol lipid phosphatase pseudogene

epilepsy, occipitotemporal lobe, and migraine with aura

R3H domain and coiled-coil containing 1-like

Located in exon-exon junction complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy V

zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA binding motif 1 pseudogene

centrosome and spindle pole associated protein 1

This gene encodes a centrosome and spindle pole associated protein. The encoded protein plays a role in cell-cycle progression and spindle organization, regulates cytokinesis, interacts with Nephrocystin 8 and is required for cilia formation. Mutations in this gene result in primary cilia abnormalities and classical Joubert syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase, alpha and beta subunits

This gene encodes two of three subunit types of the membrane-bound enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, a heterohexameric complex composed of two alpha, two beta, and two gamma subunits. The encoded protein is proteolytically cleaved at the Lys928-Asp929 bond to yield mature alpha and beta polypeptides while the gamma subunits are the product of a distinct gene (GeneID 84572). In the Golgi apparatus, the heterohexameric complex catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of mannose 6-phosphate recognition markers on certain oligosaccharides of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes. These recognition markers are essential for appropriate trafficking of lysosomal enzymes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with both mucolipidosis II and mucolipidosis IIIA.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

glutamine and serine rich 1

Predicted to be located in chromosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, Russe type

ankyrin repeat and ubiquitin domain containing 1

misato 1, mitochondrial distribution and morphology regulator

Involved in mitochondrion distribution; mitochondrion organization; and positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion. Located in mitochondrial outer membrane. Is active in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 3

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostate and testis expressed 1

Predicted to enable acetylcholine receptor regulator activity. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostate and testis expressed 3

Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostate and testis expressed 2

Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 1

Enables K63-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding activity; protein heterodimerization activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process; and protein homooligomerization. Located in nuclear body and nuclear membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of dendrite morphogenesis and ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2

This gene encodes a member of a family of E3 ubiquitin ligases which plays an important role in the proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural crest cells as a regulator of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)/Ret signaling. This gene also plays an important role in angiogenesis through stabilization of endothelial cell-to-cell junctions as a regulator of angiomotin-like 1 stability. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal calcium/lipid-binding (C2) domain involved in membrane targeting, two-four WW domains responsible for cellular localization and substrate recognition, and a C-terminal homologous with E6-associated protein C-terminus (HECT) catalytic domain. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, and epilepsy. The decreased expression of this gene in the aganglionic colon is associated with Hirschsprung's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein 1-like

Hypophosphatemic rickets and hyperparathyroidism

PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1 pseudogene 2

PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1 pseudogene 1

Ras association and DIL domains

Predicted to enable GTPase binding activity. Acts upstream of or within substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading. Located in microtubule. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Nance-Horan syndrome (congenital cataracts and dental anomalies)

This gene encodes a protein containing four conserved nuclear localization signals. The encoded protein functions in eye, tooth, craniofacial and brain development, and it can regulate actin remodeling and cell morphology. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause Nance-Horan syndrome, and also X-linked cataract-40. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 10 like

Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Macrocephaly with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia and distinctive facies

coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor pseudogene

cilia and flagella associated protein 221

Predicted to enable calmodulin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in motile cilium assembly. Predicted to act upstream of or within epithelial cilium movement involved in extracellular fluid movement; establishment of localization in cell; and sperm flagellum assembly. Predicted to be located in axoneme; glial cell projection; and manchette. Predicted to be active in 9+2 motile cilium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 4

Asthma and obesity susceptibility, chromosome 16p11 inversion related

calcium and integrin binding family member 2

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to that of KIP/CIB, calcineurin B, and calmodulin. The encoded protein is a calcium-binding regulatory protein that interacts with DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunits (DNA-PKcs), and it is involved in photoreceptor cell maintenance. Mutations in this gene cause deafness, autosomal recessive, 48 (DFNB48), and also Usher syndrome 1J (USH1J). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

calcium and integrin binding family member 3

This gene product shares a high degree of sequence similarity with DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit-interacting protein 2 in human and mouse, and like them may bind the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinases. The exact function of this gene is not known. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

calcium and integrin binding 1 (calmyrin)

This gene encodes a member of the EF-hand domain-containing calcium-binding superfamily. The encoded protein interacts with many other proteins, including the platelet integrin alpha-IIb-beta-3, DNA-dependent protein kinase, presenilin-2, focal adhesion kinase, p21 activated kinase, and protein kinase D. The encoded protein may be involved in cell survival and proliferation, and is associated with several disease states including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013]

calcium and integrin binding family member 4

Enables calcium ion binding activity and magnesium ion binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAS and EF-hand domain containing

This gene is a member of the Rab family of GTPases that are involved in regulation of membrane traffic. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal EF-hand domain, a coiled-coil motif and a C-terminal Rab domain. A potential role as tumor suppressor has been indicated for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 pseudogene

non-protein coding RNA, associated with MAP kinase pathway and growth arrest

junction mediating and regulatory protein, p53 cofactor

Enables microtubule binding activity. Involved in cellular response to starvation. Located in autophagosome membrane; cell leading edge; and cytoplasmic vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 3

Predicted to act upstream of or within otolith morphogenesis. Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 2

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein containing leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains. The encoded protein promotes epidermal growth factor signalling, resulting in increased proliferation. Its expression in the cytoplasm of glioma cells is correlated with poor survival. Mutations in this gene can cause urofacial syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1

Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including innervation; otolith morphogenesis; and sensory perception of sound. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in extracellular matrix and extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RANBP2-like and GRIP domain containing 5

RAN is a small GTP-binding protein of the RAS superfamily that is associated with the nuclear membrane and is thought to control a variety of cellular functions through its interactions with other proteins. This gene shares a high degree of sequence identity with RANBP2, a large RAN-binding protein localized at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. It is believed that this RANBP2 gene family member arose from a duplication event 3 Mb distal to RANBP2. Alternative splicing has been observed for this locus and two variants are described. Additional splicing is suggested but complete sequence for further transcripts has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

FERM and PDZ domain containing 4

This gene encodes a multi-domain (WW, PDZ, FERM) containing protein. Through its interaction with other proteins (such as PSD-95), it functions as a positive regulator of dendritic spine morphogenesis and density, and is required for the maintenance of excitatory synaptic transmission. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

FERM and PDZ domain containing 1

Involved in establishment of protein localization to membrane and regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Located in cell cortex and plasma membrane. Part of protein-containing complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

FERM and PDZ domain containing 3

This gene encodes a protein that contains a PDZ (post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) domain at the N-terminus followed by a FERM domain. The encoded protein is involved in signal transduction. The PDZ domain is thought to function in protein-protein interactions, mainly by binding to specific C-terminal peptides of other proteins. The FERM domain is found in proteins that are localized to the plasma membrane and are associated with the cytoskeleton. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

FERM and PDZ domain containing 2

This gene encodes a peripheral membrane protein and is located in a region of chromosome 10q that contains a segmental duplication. This copy of the gene is full-length and is in the telomeric duplicated region. Two other more centromerically proximal copies of the gene are partial and may represent pseudogenes. This full-length gene appears to function in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarization. The protein is recruited to cell-cell junctions in an E-cadherin-dependent manner, and is selectively localized at the basolateral membrane in polarized epithelial cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

PDZ and LIM domain 1 pseudogene 4

xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for the xenotropic and polytropic classes of murine leukemia viruses. The encoded protein is involved in phosphate homeostasis by mediating phosphate export from the cell. Defects in this gene have been associated with idiopathic basal ganglia calcification-6. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

PDZ and LIM domain 1 pseudogene 3

PDZ and LIM domain 1 pseudogene 2

PDZ and LIM domain 1 pseudogene 1

homeobox and leucine zipper encoding

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytosol; nucleolus; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

hepatic and glial cell adhesion molecule

The protein encoded by this gene is a single-pass type I membrane protein that localizes to the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane. The encoded protein acts as a homodimer and is involved in cell motility and cell-matrix interactions. The expression of this gene is downregulated or undetectable in many cancer cell lines, so this may be a tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor

This gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the type I receptors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family, whose members play important roles in signal transduction in many developmental and pathological processes. The encoded protein however is a pseudoreceptor, lacking an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain required for signaling. Similar proteins in frog, mouse and zebrafish function as negative regulators of TGF-beta, which has led to the suggestion that the encoded protein may function to limit the signaling range of the TGF-beta family during early embryogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

D4, zinc and double PHD fingers family 2 pseudogene

coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor-like

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1-like

Choroideremia, deafness, and mental retardation

sodium channel and clathrin linker 1

This gene encodes an adaptor protein. Studies of a related gene in rat suggest that the encoded protein functions to link clathrin to the sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha protein. The encoded protein has also been identified as a component of distal appendages of centrioles that is necessary for ciliogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and neuropathy

Deafness and male infertility

germinal center-associated, signaling and motility-like

This gene encodes a protein thought to be a signaling molecule associated with germinal centers, the sites of proliferation and differentiation of mature B lymphocytes. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

SH3 and SYLF domain containing 1

Enables phosphatase binding activity and phosphatidylinositol binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of ruffle assembly. Predicted to act upstream of or within phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process. Located in ruffle membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 21-like

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 13

Enables nuclear estrogen receptor binding activity and ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Involved in several processes, including decidualization; epigenetic programming in the zygotic pronuclei; and spindle assembly involved in female meiosis. Located in several cellular components, including centrosome; cytosol; and nuclear lumen. Part of Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 12

This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that interacts with the COP9 signalosome, a macromolecular complex that interacts with cullin-RING E3 ligases and regulates their activity by hydrolyzing cullin-Nedd8 conjugates. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 11

This gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that interacts with the COP9 signalosome, a macromolecular complex that interacts with cullin-RING E3 ligases and regulates their activity by hydrolyzing cullin-Nedd8 conjugates. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 10

Predicted to be involved in protein ubiquitination. Part of Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 17

This gene encodes a nuclear transmembrane protein that associates with cullin 4A/damaged DNA binding protein 1 ubiquitin ligase complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 16

Predicted to be involved in protein ubiquitination. Part of Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 15

Enables small molecule binding activity. Involved in protein polyubiquitination and regulation of natural killer cell activation. Part of Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 pseudogene 3

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 pseudogene 2

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 pseudogene 1

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 pseudogene 7

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 pseudogene 5

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 pseudogene 4

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 pseudogene 9

angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 pseudogene 8

GPS, PLAT and transmembrane domain-containing protein FLJ00285-like

LIM and cysteine-rich domains 1

This gene encodes a member of the LIM-domain family of zinc finger proteins. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain and two C-terminal LIM domains. The presence of LIM domains suggests involvement in protein-protein interactions. The protein may act as a co-regulator of transcription along with other transcription factors. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 8 opposite strand pseudogene 2

ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 2

Enables GTPase activator activity. Acts upstream of or within actin filament-based process. Located in ruffle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

spermatogenesis and centriole associated 1-like

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in spermatogenesis. Predicted to act upstream of or within actin polymerization or depolymerization; positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity; and positive regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction. Predicted to be active in centrosome and sperm head-tail coupling apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

R3H domain and coiled-coil containing 1

Predicted to enable nucleic acid binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 1

Predicted to enable protein kinase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including positive regulation of focal adhesion disassembly; positive regulation of keratinocyte migration; and regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization. Located in nucleolus. Implicated in intellectual developmental disorder with short stature and behavioral abnormalities and lung adenocarcinoma. Biomarker of lung non-small cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including activation of GTPase activity; postsynapse organization; and regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

IQ motif and Sec7 domain 2

This gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the ARF family of small GTP-binding proteins. The encoded protein is a component of the postsynaptic density at excitatory synapses, and may play a critical role in cytoskeletal and synaptic organization through the activation of selected ARF substrates including ARF1 and ARF6. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in nonsyndromic X-linked cognitive disability. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1

Enables molecular function inhibitor activity; protein heterodimerization activity; and protein-macromolecule adaptor activity. Involved in neural crest cell development; neural crest formation; and regulation of translation. Acts upstream of or within axonogenesis and regulation of synaptic plasticity. Located in fibrillar center. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin VIIA and Rab interacting protein

Predicted to enable actin binding activity; myosin binding activity; and protein kinase A binding activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of insulin secretion. Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including cytoplasmic vesicle; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; and photoreceptor outer segment. Predicted to be part of exocyst. Predicted to be active in cortical actin cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1

This gene encodes a nuclear protein, which contains a homeobox domain and is a transcription factor. Mutations in this gene result in Currarino syndrome, an autosomic dominant congenital malformation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

phospholipase A2 inhibitor and Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein-like

pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing 2

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity and phospholipid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of ARF protein signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cleavage furrow and ruffle membrane. Predicted to be active in glutamatergic synapse and postsynapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing 4

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity and phospholipid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of ARF protein signal transduction. Located in ruffle membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

UEV and lactate/malate dehyrogenase domains

Predicted to enable ubiquitin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in endosome to lysosome transport. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 4

This gene encodes a member of the eyes absent (EYA) family of proteins. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator through its protein phosphatase activity, and it may be important for eye development, and for continued function of the mature organ of Corti. Mutations in this gene are associated with postlingual, progressive, autosomal dominant hearing loss at the deafness, autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural 10 locus. The encoded protein is also a putative oncogene that mediates DNA repair, apoptosis, and innate immunity following DNA damage, cellular damage, and viral attack. Defects in this gene are also associated with dilated cardiomyopathy 1J. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 1

This gene encodes a member of the eyes absent (EYA) family of proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in the developing kidney, branchial arches, eye, and ear. Mutations of this gene have been associated with branchiootorenal dysplasia syndrome, branchiootic syndrome, and sporadic cases of congenital cataracts and ocular anterior segment anomalies. A similar protein in mice can act as a transcriptional activator. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]

EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 3

This gene encodes a member of the eyes absent (EYA) family of proteins. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator and have a role during development. It can act as a mediator of chemoresistance and cell survival in Ewing sarcoma cells, where this gene is up-regulated via a micro-RNA that binds to the 3' UTR of the transcript. A similar protein in mice acts as a transcriptional activator. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 2

This gene encodes a member of the eyes absent (EYA) family of proteins. The encoded protein may be post-translationally modified and may play a role in eye development. A similar protein in mice can act as a transcriptional activator. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, but the full-length natures of all of these variants have not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]

immunoglobulin-like and fibronectin type III domain containing 1

Predicted to be located in Z disc and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain containing 1

Enables peptidyl-proline 3-dioxygenase activity. Involved in several processes, including peptidyl-proline hydroxylation; regulation of translational termination; and stress granule assembly. Located in cytoplasmic stress granule; cytosol; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain containing 3

Predicted to enable several functions, including L-ascorbic acid binding activity; dioxygenase activity; and iron ion binding activity. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase domain containing 2

Predicted to enable several functions, including L-ascorbic acid binding activity; dioxygenase activity; and iron ion binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 5A pseudogene

F-box and WD repeat domain containing 2 pseudogene

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 12 pseudogene

dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain containing 1

This gene encodes a component of a mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate-dehydrogenase-complex-like protein involved in the degradation pathways of several amino acids, including lysine. Mutations in this gene are associated with 2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2Q. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

leucine-rich repeats and transmembrane domains 1

Predicted to enable Roundabout binding activity and heparin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in axon guidance and negative chemotaxis. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of synapse assembly. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SURP and G patch domain containing 2

This gene encodes a member of the arginine/serine-rich family of splicing factors. The encoded protein functions in mRNA processing. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

SURP and G patch domain containing 1

SF4 is a member of the SURP family of splicing factors.[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2003]

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 4

This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family, which are characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. F-box proteins constitute one subunit of modular E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, called SCF complexes, which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box domain mediates protein-protein interactions and binds directly to S-phase kinase-associated protein 1. In addition to an F-box domain, the encoded protein contains at least 9 tandem leucine-rich repeats. The ubiquitin ligase complex containing the encoded protein may function in cell-cycle control by regulating levels of lysine-specific demethylase 4A. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 10-like

Predicted to enable cell adhesion molecule binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell-cell adhesion. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in cell-cell junction and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma interacting protein 1

This gene encodes a nuclear-localized protein that may be induced by p53 and regulates the cell cycle by inhibiting G1 to S phase progression. The encoded protein may interact with other cell cycle regulators. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

Carney complex type 2, multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis

thrombospondin-type laminin G domain and EAR repeats

This gene encodes a protein that contains a N-terminal thrombospondin-type laminin G domain and several tandem arranged epilepsy-associated repeats (EARs). A mutation in this gene is the cause of autosomal recessive deafness-98. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

hydatidiform mole associated and imprinted (non-protein coding)

This gene, which encodes a non-protein coding transcript, exhibits differential DNA methylation between the two parental alleles at an adjacent CpG island, and is expressed only from the paternal allele. It is believed to be one of the causative genes for transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM), which is a rare disease characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, dehydration, and failure to thrive due to a lack of normal insulin secretion. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1

This gene encodes a member of the tyrosine protein kinase family. The encoded protein plays a critical role in angiogenesis and blood vessel stability by inhibiting angiopoietin 1 signaling through the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. Ectodomain cleavage of the encoded protein relieves inhibition of Tie2 and is mediated by multiple factors including vascular endothelial growth factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 5-like

B-box and SPRY domain containing

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in innate immune response. Predicted to act upstream of or within cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor. Predicted to be located in cell leading edge; membrane; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 4 pseudogene

FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 2

FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 5 pseudogene 1

NACHT and WD repeat domain containing 1

The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a cytosolic protein and predicted to contain a NACHT domain and multiple WD40 repeats. Increased expression of this gene was observed in some prostate cancer cell lines. Knocking down expression of this gene results in decreased androgen receptor protein levels, indicating that this gene may be important in modulating androgen receptor activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]

NACHT and WD repeat domain containing 2

Predicted to be active in synapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Epilepsy, rolandic, with paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia and writer's cramp

glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa)

This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantibody and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif containing

This gene encodes a Golgi protein with a PDZ domain. The PDZ domain is globular and proteins which contain them bind other proteins through short motifs near the C-termini. Mice which are deficient in the orthologous protein have globozoospermia and are infertile. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing A

This gene encodes one of two family members belonging to the T-cell ubiquitin ligand (TULA) family. Both family members can negatively regulate T-cell signaling. This family member can facilitate growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis in T cells, which may occur via its interaction with AIF, an apoptosis-inducing factor. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing B

This gene encodes a protein that contains a ubiquitin associated domain at the N-terminus, an SH3 domain, and a C-terminal domain with similarities to the catalytic motif of phosphoglycerate mutase. The encoded protein was found to inhibit endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

WAS protein homolog associated with actin, golgi membranes and microtubules

This gene encodes a protein that plays a role in actin nucleation, Golgi membrane association and microtubule binding. The encoded protein is a nucleation-promoting factor that regulates the Actin-related protein 2/3 complex. The activated complex initiates growth of new actin filaments by binding to existing actin filaments. The encoded protein also functions in regulation of transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex and in maintenance of the Golgi complex near the centrosome. Four pseudogenes of this gene are present on the same arm of chromosome 15 as this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

cilia and flagella associated protein 58

Involved in protein localization to motile cilium; sperm axoneme assembly; and sperm mitochondrial sheath assembly. Located in sperm midpiece. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 49. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cilia and flagella associated 54

Predicted to be involved in cilium assembly; cilium movement involved in cell motility; and spermatogenesis. Predicted to act upstream of or within epithelial cilium movement involved in extracellular fluid movement; establishment of localization in cell; and sperm flagellum assembly. Predicted to be located in axoneme. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cilia and flagella associated protein 57

This protein encoded by this gene belongs to the WD repeat-containing family of proteins, which function in the formation of protein-protein complexes in a variety of biological pathways. This family member is thought to function in craniofacial development, possibly in the fusion of lip and palate. A missense mutation in this gene is associated with Van der Woude syndrome 2. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

cilia and flagella associated protein 53

This gene belongs to the CFAP53 family. It was found to be differentially expressed by the ciliated cells of frog epidermis and in skin fibroblasts from human. Mutations in this gene are associated with visceral heterotaxy-6, which implicates this gene in determination of left-right asymmetric patterning. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

neural proliferation, differentiation and control, 1

Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

serine-rich and transmembrane domain containing 1

Located in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. This gene product is one of two closely related family members, the HAND proteins, which are asymmetrically expressed in the developing ventricular chambers and play an essential role in cardiac morphogenesis. Working in a complementary fashion, they function in the formation of the right ventricle and aortic arch arteries, implicating them as mediators of congenital heart disease. In addition, it has been suggested that this transcription factor may be required for early trophoblast differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1-like

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 26

Enables identical protein binding activity and sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; regulation of cytokine production; and regulation of immune system process. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be active in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger and BTB domain containing 24

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Implicated in immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 2. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

myosin, light chain 6, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle

Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain that is expressed in smooth muscle and non-muscle tissues. Genomic sequences representing several pseudogenes have been described and two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich 1

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of U2AF complex and spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

REM2 and RAB-like small GTPase 1

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cilium assembly; protein localization; and regulation of vesicle-mediated transport. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including axoneme assembly; endocardial cushion fusion; and regulation of smoothened signaling pathway. Located in centriole; ciliary basal body; and ciliary transition zone. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 2 (putative)

Predicted to enable TBP-class protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in SCF complex assembly; positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription; and protein ubiquitination. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1

This gene encodes an essential regulator of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases, which are in involved in ubiquitinylation of proteins degraded by the Ub proteasome system. The encoded protein binds to unneddylated cullin-RING box protein complexes and acts as an inhibitor of cullin neddylation and of Skp1, cullin, and F box ubiquitin ligase complex assembly and activity. In mammalian cell culture, this protein predominantly localizes to the cytoplasm. Knockdown of this gene in preadipocytes results in blocked adipogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

bromodomain and PHD finger containing, 3

Contributes to histone acetyltransferase activity. Involved in positive regulation of DNA replication. Located in nucleus. Part of MOZ/MORF histone acetyltransferase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

bromodomain and PHD finger containing, 1

This gene encodes a bromodomain, PHD finger and chromo/Tudor-related Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (PWWP) domain containing protein. The encoded protein is a component of the MOZ/MORF histone acetyltransferase complexes which function as a transcriptional regulators. This protein binds to the catalytic MYST domains of the MOZ and MORF proteins and may play a role in stimulating acetyltransferase and transcriptional activity of the complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

RAS (RAD and GEM)-like GTP-binding 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase and member of the RAS-like GTP-binding protein family. The encoded protein is expressed in endothelial cells, where it promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and morphological changes in the cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]