Harmonizome 3.0

prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. This gene encodes the inducible isozyme. It is regulated by specific stimulatory events, suggesting that it is responsible for the prostanoid biosynthesis involved in inflammation and mitogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)

This is one of two genes encoding similar enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachidonate to prostaglandin. The encoded protein regulates angiogenesis in endothelial cells, and is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. Based on its ability to function as both a cyclooxygenase and as a peroxidase, the encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein. The protein may promote cell proliferation during tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2021]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, gamma polypeptide 1

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the gamma subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. This gene also has a pseudogene on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

prenyl (decaprenyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 2

The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that synthesizes the prenyl side-chain of coenzyme Q, or ubiquinone, one of the key elements in the respiratory chain. The gene product catalyzes the formation of all trans-polyprenyl pyrophosphates from isopentyl diphosphate in the assembly of polyisoprenoid side chains, the first step in coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Defects in this gene are a cause of coenzyme Q10 deficiency.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

prenyl (decaprenyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 1

The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that elongates the prenyl side-chain of coenzyme Q, or ubiquinone, one of the key elements in the respiratory chain. The gene product catalyzes the formation of all trans-polyprenyl pyrophosphates from isopentyl diphosphate in the assembly of polyisoprenoid side chains, the first step in coenzyme Q biosynthesis. The protein may be peripherally associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, though no transit peptide has been definitively identified to date. Defects in this gene are a cause of coenzyme Q10 deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

trimethylguanosine synthase 1

Enables RNA cap trimethylguanosine synthase activity. Involved in 7-methylguanosine cap hypermethylation. Located in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

adenylosuccinate synthase

This gene encodes the enzyme adenylosuccinate synthetase which catalyzes the first committed step in the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 17.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase

Prostaglandin-D synthase is a sigma class glutathione-S-transferase family member. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2 and plays a role in the production of prostanoids in the immune system and mast cells. The presence of this enzyme can be used to identify the differentiation stage of human megakaryocytes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase pseudogene

nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible pseudogene

hydroxymethylbilane synthase

This gene encodes a member of the hydroxymethylbilane synthase superfamily. The encoded protein is the third enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway and catalyzes the head to tail condensation of four porphobilinogen molecules into the linear hydroxymethylbilane. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal dominant disease acute intermittent porphyria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

spermine synthase pseudogene

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit G2

Predicted to enable proton transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to contribute to proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism. Predicted to be involved in proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1 pseudogene

ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like

The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with several thiamine pyrophosphate-binding proteins identified in bacteria, yeast, and plants. The highest degree of similarity is found with bacterial acetolactate synthases (AHAS), which are enzymes that catalyze the first step in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 4

nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 1

nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 3

nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 2

phosphatidylserine synthase 1

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of phosphatidylserine from either phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylserine localizes to the mitochondria-associated membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, where it serves a structural role as well as a signaling role. Defects in this gene are a cause of Lenz-Majewski hyperostotic dwarfism. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

phosphatidylserine synthase 2

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylserine, a structural membrane phospholipid that functions in cell signaling, blood coagulation, and apoptosis. The encoded enzyme also has a high affinity for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and can use it to make DHA-containing phosphatidylserine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

citrate synthase pseudogene

chondroitin sulfate synthase 3

CSS3 is a glycosyltransferase that has both glucuronyltransferase and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities (Yada et al., 2003 [PubMed 12907687]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

chondroitin sulfate synthase 1

This gene encodes a member of the chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family. These enzymes possess dual glucuronyltransferase and galactosaminyltransferase activity and play critical roles in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan involved in many biological processes including cell proliferation and morphogenesis. Decreased expression of this gene may play a role in colorectal cancer, and mutations in this gene are a cause of temtamy preaxial brachydactyly syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

threonine synthase-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a threonine synthase-like protein. A similar enzyme in mouse can catalyze the degradation of O-phospho-homoserine to a-ketobutyrate, phosphate, and ammonia. This protein also has phospho-lyase activity on both gamma and beta phosphorylated substrates. In mouse an alternatively spliced form of this protein has been shown to act as a cytokine and can induce the production of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in osteoblasts. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

threonine synthase-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

adenylosuccinate synthase like 1

This gene encodes a member of the adenylosuccinate synthase family of proteins. The encoded muscle-specific enzyme plays a role in the purine nucleotide cycle by catalyzing the first step in the conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Mutations in this gene may cause adolescent onset distal myopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit G2 pseudogene

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, beta polypeptide pseudogene 1

nitric oxide synthase interacting protein

The protein encoded by this gene may modulate the activity and localization of nitric oxide synthase (endothelial and neuronal) and thus nitric oxide production. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a type I single transmembrane domain receptor, which is a subunit of cis-prenyltransferase, and serves as a specific receptor for the neural and cardiovascular regulator Nogo-B. The encoded protein is essential for dolichol synthesis and protein glycosylation. This gene is highly expressed in non-small cell lung carcinomas as well as estrogen receptor-alpha positive breast cancer cells where it promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition. This gene is associated with the poor prognosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene cause a congenital disorder of glycosylation and are associated with epilepsy. A knockout of the orthologous gene in mice causes embryonic lethality before day 6.5. Pseudogenes of this gene have been defined on chromosomes 13 and X. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial-like

fatty acid synthase

The enzyme encoded by this gene is a multifunctional protein. Its main function is to catalyze the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, in the presence of NADPH, into long-chain saturated fatty acids. In some cancer cell lines, this protein has been found to be fused with estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha), in which the N-terminus of FAS is fused in-frame with the C-terminus of ER-alpha. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (soluble)

Enables protein homodimerization activity. Predicted to be involved in acetyl-CoA metabolic process and farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway. Predicted to be located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (mitochondrial)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HMG-CoA synthase family. It is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of ketogenesis, a metabolic pathway that provides lipid-derived energy for various organs during times of carbohydrate deprivation, such as fasting. Mutations in this gene are associated with HMG-CoA synthase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

prostaglandin E synthase 3 (cytosolic)

This gene encodes an enzyme that converts prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This protein functions as a co-chaperone with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), localizing to response elements in DNA and disrupting transcriptional activation complexes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There are multiple pseudogenes of this gene on several different chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

prostaglandin E synthase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin E2. This protein also has been shown to activate the transcription regulated by a gamma-interferon-activated transcription element (GATE). Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009]

prenyl (decaprenyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 1 pseudogene 1

prenyl (decaprenyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 1 pseudogene 2

3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, mitochondrial

This gene encodes a beta-ketoacyl synthetase. The encoded enzyme is required for elongation of fatty acid chains in the mitochondria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2-like pseudogene

phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase 1

Predicted to enable CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity and calcium ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cardiolipin biosynthetic process and diacylglycerol metabolic process. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. Is active in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) synthase

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. However, this protein is considered a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily on the basis of sequence similarity rather than functional similarity. This endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein catalyzes the conversion of prostglandin H2 to prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2), a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. An imbalance of prostacyclin and its physiological antagonist thromboxane A2 contribute to the development of myocardial infarction, stroke, and atherosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2 pseudogene

dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes cis-prenyl chain elongation to produce the polyprenyl backbone of dolichol, a glycosyl carrier lipid required for the biosynthesis of several classes of glycoproteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinitis pigmentosa type 59. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like

ceramide synthase 6

Enables sphingosine N-acyltransferase activity. Involved in ceramide biosynthetic process. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ceramide synthase 4

Enables sphingosine N-acyltransferase activity. Involved in ceramide biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ceramide synthase 5

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the TLC (TRAM, LAG1 and CLN8 homology domains) family of proteins. The encoded protein functions in the synthesis of ceramide, a lipid molecule that is involved in a several cellular signaling pathways. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

ceramide synthase 2

This gene encodes a protein that has sequence similarity to yeast longevity assurance gene 1. Mutation or overexpression of the related gene in yeast has been shown to alter yeast lifespan. The human protein may play a role in the regulation of cell growth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ceramide synthase 3

This gene is a member of the ceramide synthase family of genes. The ceramide synthase enzymes regulate sphingolipid synthesis by catalyzing the formation of ceramides from sphingoid base and acyl-coA substrates. This family member is involved in the synthesis of ceramides with ultra-long-chain acyl moieties (ULC-Cers), important to the epidermis in its role in creating a protective barrier from the environment. The protein encoded by this gene has also been implicated in modification of the lipid structures required for spermatogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with male fertility defects, and epidermal defects, including ichthyosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

ceramide synthase 1

This gene encodes a ceramide synthase enzyme, which catalyzes the synthesis of ceramide, the hydrophobic moiety of sphingolipids. The encoded enzyme synthesizes 18-carbon (C18) ceramide in brain neurons. Elevated expression of this gene may be associated with increased longevity, while decreased expression of this gene may be associated with myoclonus epilepsy with dementia in human patients. This protein is transcribed from a monocistronic mRNA as well as a bicistronic mRNA, which also encodes growth differentiation factor 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase homolog (Arabidopsis)(non-functional)-like

Predicted to enable transaminase activity. Predicted to be involved in amino acid metabolic process. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 pseudogene

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F6 pseudogene 1

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, using an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the different isoforms have been identified. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 9, 2, and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase

This gene encodes an enzyme that functions in the biosynthetic pathways of sialic acids. In vitro, the encoded protein uses N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate as substrates to generate phosphorylated forms of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN), respectively; however, it exhibits much higher activity toward the Neu5Ac phosphate product. In insect cells, expression of this gene results in Neu5Ac and KDN production. This gene is related to the E. coli sialic acid synthase gene neuB, and it can partially restore sialic acid synthase activity in an E. coli neuB-negative mutant. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1

This gene is a member of the prenyltransferase family and encodes a protein with geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase activity. The enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of GGPP from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate. GGPP is an important molecule responsible for the C20-prenylation of proteins and for the regulation of a nuclear hormone receptor. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, both protein-coding and non-protein-coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1

This gene encodes the mitochondrial enzyme which is catalyzes the rate-limiting step in heme (iron-protoporphyrin) biosynthesis. The enzyme encoded by this gene is the housekeeping enzyme; a separate gene encodes a form of the enzyme that is specific for erythroid tissue. The level of the mature encoded protein is regulated by heme: high levels of heme down-regulate the mature enzyme in mitochondria while low heme levels up-regulate. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2

The product of this gene specifies an erythroid-specific mitochondrially located enzyme. The encoded protein catalyzes the first step in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Defects in this gene cause X-linked pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

deoxyhypusine synthase

This gene encodes a protein that is required for the formation of hypusine, a unique amino acid formed by the posttranslational modification of only one protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. The encoded protein catalyzes the first step in hypusine formation by transferring the butylamine moiety of spermidine to a specific lysine residue of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A precursor, forming an intermediate deoxyhypusine residue. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2 pseudogene 6

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2 pseudogene 4

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2 pseudogene 5

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2 pseudogene 2

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2 pseudogene 3

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit s (factor B)

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. This gene encodes the subunit s, also known as factor B, of the proton channel. This subunit is necessary for the energy transduction activity of the ATP synthase complexes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F6

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo complex has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the F6 subunit of the Fo complex. The F6 subunit is required for F1 and Fo interactions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. This gene has 1 or more pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit E

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the e subunit of the Fo complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit d

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the d subunit of the Fo complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. In addition, three pseudogenes are located on chromosomes 9, 12 and 15. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, O subunit

The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the F-type ATPase found in the mitochondrial matrix. F-type ATPases are composed of a catalytic core and a membrane proton channel. The encoded protein appears to be part of the connector linking these two components and may be involved in transmission of conformational changes or proton conductance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, beta polypeptide

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the beta subunit of the catalytic core. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, epsilon subunit

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the epsilon subunit of the catalytic core. Two pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 4 and 13. Read-through transcripts that include exons from this gene are expressed from the upstream gene SLMO2.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, delta subunit

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the delta subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial-like

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, O subunit pseudogene

lanosterol synthase (2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase)

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of (S)-2,3 oxidosqualene to lanosterol. The encoded protein is a member of the terpene cyclase/mutase family and catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, and vitamin D. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial-like

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, gamma polypeptide 1 pseudogene 1

prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)

The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to postaglandin D2 (PGD2). PGD2 functions as a neuromodulator as well as a trophic factor in the central nervous system. PGD2 is also involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. This gene is preferentially expressed in brain. Studies with transgenic mice overexpressing this gene suggest that this gene may be also involved in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C2 (subunit 9) pseudogene

carnosine synthase 1

CARNS1 (EC 6.3.2.11), a member of the ATP-grasp family of ATPases, catalyzes the formation of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) and homocarnosine (gamma-aminobutyryl-L-histidine), which are found mainly in skeletal muscle and the central nervous system, respectively (Drozak et al., 2010 [PubMed 20097752]).[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2010]

dihydrouridine synthase 4-like (S. cerevisiae)

Predicted to enable tRNA dihydrouridine synthase activity. Involved in tRNA dihydrouridine synthesis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of five different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and single representatives of the gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The proton channel likely has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the f subunit of the Fo complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. Naturally occurring read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream pentatricopeptide repeat domain 1 (PTCD1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

pseudouridylate synthase 1

This gene encodes a pseudouridine synthase that converts uridine to pseudouridine once it has been incorporated into an RNA molecule. The encoded enzyme may play an essential role in tRNA function and in stabilizing the secondary and tertiary structure of many RNAs. A mutation in this gene has been linked to mitochondrial myopathy and sideroblastic anemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

pseudouridylate synthase 3

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of tRNA pseudouridine from tRNA uridine at position 39 in the anticodon stem and loop of transfer RNAs. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha

This gene encodes a multifunctional Ser/Thr protein kinase that is implicated in the control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, and transcription factors, such as JUN. It also plays a role in the WNT and PI3K signaling pathways, as well as regulates the production of beta-amyloid peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta

The protein encoded by this gene is a serine-threonine kinase belonging to the glycogen synthase kinase subfamily. It is a negative regulator of glucose homeostasis and is involved in energy metabolism, inflammation, ER-stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic pathways. Defects in this gene have been associated with Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of nitric oxide synthases, which synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical, which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission, and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, nitric oxide displays many properties of a neurotransmitter, and has been implicated in neurotoxicity associated with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis, and penile erection. This protein is ubiquitously expressed, with high level of expression in skeletal muscle. Multiple transcript variants that differ in the 5' UTR have been described for this gene but the full-length nature of these transcripts is not known. Additionally, alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms (some testis-specific) have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible

Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. This gene encodes a nitric oxide synthase which is expressed in liver and is inducible by a combination of lipopolysaccharide and certain cytokines. Three related pseudogenes are located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell)

Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. Nitric oxide is synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthases. Variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to coronary spasm. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet)

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. However, this protein is considered a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily on the basis of sequence similarity rather than functional similarity. This endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein catalyzes the conversion of prostglandin H2 to thromboxane A2, a potent vasoconstrictor and inducer of platelet aggregation. The enzyme plays a role in several pathophysiological processes including hemostasis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

pseudouridylate synthase 7 (putative)

Enables enzyme binding activity and tRNA pseudouridine(13) synthase activity. Involved in several processes, including pseudouridine synthesis; regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation; and regulation of mesoderm development. Is active in nucleus. Implicated in intellectual developmental disorder with abnormal behavior, microcephaly, and short stature. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase

Purines are necessary for many cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and energy metabolism. Ten enzymatic steps are required to synthesize inosine monophosphate (IMP) in the de novo pathway of purine biosynthesis. The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the fourth step of IMP biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1

Three-prime-phosphoadenosine 5-prime-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is the sulfate donor cosubstrate for all sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes (Xu et al., 2000 [PubMed 10679223]). SULTs catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs and other xenobiotics. In humans, PAPS is synthesized from adenosine 5-prime triphosphate (ATP) and inorganic sulfate by 2 isoforms, PAPSS1 and PAPSS2 (MIM 603005).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2

Sulfation is a common modification of endogenous (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) and exogenous (xenobiotics and drugs) compounds. In mammals, the sulfate source is 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), created from ATP and inorganic sulfate. Two different tissue isoforms encoded by different genes synthesize PAPS. This gene encodes one of the two PAPS synthetases. Defects in this gene cause the Pakistani type of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

uroporphyrinogen III synthase

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the fourth step of porphyrin biosynthesis in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Defects in this gene cause congenital erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther's disease). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nitric oxide synthase 2 pseudogene 3

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, epsilon subunit pseudogene 1

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, epsilon subunit pseudogene 2

Predicted to enable hydrolase activity. Predicted to contribute to proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism. Predicted to be involved in proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sphingomyelin synthase 2

Sphingomyelin, a major component of cell and Golgi membranes, is made by the transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine onto ceramide, with diacylglycerol as a side product. The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction primarily at the cell membrane. The synthesis is reversible, and this enzyme can catalyze the reaction in either direction. The encoded protein is required for cell growth. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. There is evidence for more variants, but the full-length nature of their transcripts has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

sphingomyelin synthase 1

The protein encoded by this gene is predicted to be a five-pass transmembrane protein. This gene may be predominately expressed in brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain containing 4

Enables mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit rRNA binding activity; pseudouridine synthase activity; and tRNA binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of mitochondrial translation and pseudouridine synthesis. Located in mitochondrial matrix; nucleoplasm; and ribonucleoprotein granule. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C2 (subunit 9) pseudogene 1

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C2 (subunit 9) pseudogene 3

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C2 (subunit 9) pseudogene 2

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C2 (subunit 9) pseudogene 4

dihydrouridine synthase 1-like (S. cerevisiae)

Enables tRNA-dihydrouridine16 synthase activity and tRNA-dihydrouridine17 synthase activity. Involved in tRNA dihydrouridine synthesis. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit d, pseudogene 1

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit d, pseudogene 3

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit d, pseudogene 2

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit d, pseudogene 4

N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (dihydrodipicolinate synthase)

This gene encodes a member of the N-acetylneuraminate lyase sub-family of (beta/alpha)(8)-barrel enzymes. N-acetylneuraminate lyases regulate cellular concentrations of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (sialic acid) by mediating the reversible conversion of sialic acid into N-acetylmannosamine and pyruvate. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]

argininosuccinate synthase 1 pseudogene

monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial-like

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C3 (subunit 9)

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene is one of three genes that encode subunit c of the proton channel. Each of the three genes have distinct mitochondrial import sequences but encode the identical mature protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different proteins have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C2 (subunit 9)

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and single representatives of the gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The proton channel likely has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). There are three separate genes which encode subunit c of the proton channel and they specify precursors with different import sequences but identical mature proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is one of three precursors of subunit c. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2018]

glycogen synthase 1 (muscle)

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the addition of glucose monomers to the growing glycogen molecule through the formation of alpha-1,4-glycoside linkages. Mutations in this gene are associated with muscle glycogen storage disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

glycogen synthase 2 (liver)

The protein encoded by this gene, liver glycogen synthase, catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of glycogen - the transfer of a glucose molecule from UDP-glucose to a terminal branch of the glycogen molecule. Mutations in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type 0 (GSD-0) - a rare type of early childhood fasting hypoglycemia with decreased liver glycogen content. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

argininosuccinate synthase 1

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the penultimate step of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. There are approximately 10 to 14 copies of this gene including the pseudogenes scattered across the human genome, among which the one located on chromosome 9 appears to be the only functional gene for argininosuccinate synthetase. Mutations in the chromosome 9 copy of this gene cause citrullinemia. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

CTP synthase 2

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of CTP from UTP with the concomitant deamination of glutamine to glutamate. This protein is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of cytosine nucleotides, which play an important role in various metabolic processes and provide the precursors necessary for the synthesis of RNA and DNA. Cancer cells that exhibit increased cell proliferation also exhibit an increased activity of this encoded protein. Thus, this protein is an attractive target for selective chemotherapy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

CTP synthase 1

This gene encodes an enzyme responsible for the catalytic conversion of UTP (uridine triphosphate) to CTP (cytidine triphospate). This reaction is an important step in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and nucleic acids. Activity of this proten is important in the immune system, and loss of function of this gene has been associated with immunodeficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)-like 1

Contributes to glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity. Involved in glutaminyl-tRNAGln biosynthesis via transamidation and mitochondrial translation. Located in mitochondrion. Part of glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase complex. Implicated in combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 40. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

citrate synthase, mitochondrial-like

citrate synthase pseudogene

TruB pseudouridine (psi) synthase family member 1

Pseudouridine is an abundant component of rRNAs and tRNAs and is enzymatically generated by isomerization of uridine by pseudouridine synthase (Zucchini et al., 2003 [PubMed 12736709]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

TruB pseudouridine (psi) synthase family member 2

Pseudouridine is an abundant component of rRNAs and tRNAs and is enzymatically generated by isomerization of uridine by pseudouridine synthase (Zucchini et al., 2003 [PubMed 12736709]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

spermine synthase

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the spermidine/spermin synthase family and catalyzes the production of spermine from spermidine. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 1, 5, 6 and X. Mutations in this gene cause an X-linked intellectual disability called Snyder-Robinson Syndrome (SRS). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

spermidine synthase pseudogene 2

nitric oxide synthase 2 pseudogene 1

nitric oxide synthase 2 pseudogene 2

nitric oxide synthase 2 pseudogene 4

RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain containing 1

Predicted to enable pseudouridine synthase activity. Predicted to be involved in enzyme-directed rRNA pseudouridine synthesis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain containing 2

Enables pseudouridine synthase activity. Involved in mRNA pseudouridine synthesis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain containing 3

This gene encodes a protein that functions in the assembly of the mitochondrial ribosome by adding a pseudouridine group to 16S rRNA. Loss of this gene results in causes defects in mitochondrial protein production. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 1 (soluble) pseudogene

ore 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 pseudogene 2

hyaluronan synthase 1

Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight unbranched polysaccharide synthesized by a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals, and is a constituent of the extracellular matrix. It consists of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues that are linked by beta-1-3 and beta-1-4 glycosidic bonds. HA is synthesized by membrane-bound synthase at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, and the chains are extruded through pore-like structures into the extracellular space. It serves a variety of functions, including space filling, lubrication of joints, and provision of a matrix through which cells can migrate. HA is actively produced during wound healing and tissue repair to provide a framework for ingrowth of blood vessels and fibroblasts. Changes in the serum concentration of HA are associated with inflammatory and degenerative arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the interaction of HA with the leukocyte receptor CD44 is important in tissue-specific homing by leukocytes, and overexpression of HA receptors has been correlated with tumor metastasis. HAS1 is a member of the newly identified vertebrate gene family encoding putative hyaluronan synthases, and its amino acid sequence shows significant homology to the hasA gene product of Streptococcus pyogenes, a glycosaminoglycan synthetase (DG42) from Xenopus laevis, and a recently described murine hyaluronan synthase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

hyaluronan synthase 2

Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight unbranched polysaccharide synthesized by a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals, and is a constituent of the extracellular matrix. It consists of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues that are linked by beta-1-3 and beta-1-4 glycosidic bonds. HA is synthesized by membrane-bound synthase at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, and the chains are extruded through pore-like structures into the extracellular space. It serves a variety of functions, including space filling, lubrication of joints, and provision of a matrix through which cells can migrate. HA is actively produced during wound healing and tissue repair to provide a framework for ingrowth of blood vessels and fibroblasts. Changes in the serum concentration of HA are associated with inflammatory and degenerative arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the interaction of HA with the leukocyte receptor CD44 is important in tissue-specific homing by leukocytes, and overexpression of HA receptors has been correlated with tumor metastasis. HAS2 is a member of the newly identified vertebrate gene family encoding putative hyaluronan synthases, and its amino acid sequence shows significant homology to glycosaminoglycan synthetase (DG42) from Xenopus laevis, and human and murine hyaluronan synthase 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

hyaluronan synthase 3

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the synthesis of the unbranched glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, or hyaluronic acid, which is a major constituent of the extracellular matrix. This gene is a member of the NODC/HAS gene family. Compared to the proteins encoded by other members of this gene family, this protein appears to be more of a regulator of hyaluronan synthesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 pseudogene 4

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 pseudogene 5

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 pseudogene 7

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 pseudogene 2

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 pseudogene 3

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 pseudogene 8

N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (dihydrodipicolinate synthase) pseudogene

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 pseudogene 10

Sep (O-phosphoserine) tRNA:Sec (selenocysteine) tRNA synthase

The amino acid selenocysteine is the only amino acid that does not have its own tRNA synthetase. Instead, this amino acid is synthesized on its cognate tRNA in a three step process. The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the third step in the process, the conversion of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec).[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

isoprenoid synthase domain containing

This gene encodes a 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase-like protein. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Walker-Warburg syndrome. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

spermine synthase pseudogene

N-acetylglutamate synthase

The N-acetylglutamate synthase gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) from glutamate and acetyl coenzyme-A. NAG is a cofactor of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPSI), the first enzyme of the urea cycle in mammals. This gene may regulate ureagenesis by altering NAG availability and, thereby, CPSI activity. Deficiencies in N-acetylglutamate synthase have been associated with hyperammonemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)-like 1 pseudogene 2

glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)-like 1 pseudogene 3

nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein

This gene encodes a cytosolic protein that binds to the signaling molecule, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). This protein has a C-terminal PDZ-binding domain that mediates interactions with nNOS and an N-terminal phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain that binds to the small monomeric G protein, Dexras1. Studies of the related mouse and rat proteins have shown that this protein functions as an adapter protein linking nNOS to specific targets, such as Dexras1 and the synapsins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1 pseudogene 1

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1 pseudogene 3

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1 pseudogene 5

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1 pseudogene 4

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1 pseudogene 7

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1 pseudogene 6

farnesyl diphosphate synthase

This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the production of geranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate from isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. The resulting product, farnesyl pyrophosphate, is a key intermediate in cholesterol and sterol biosynthesis, a substrate for protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, and a ligand or agonist for certain hormone receptors and growth receptors. Drugs that inhibit this enzyme prevent the post-translational modifications of small GTPases and have been used to treat diseases related to bone resorption. Multiple pseudogenes have been found on chromosomes 1, 7, 14, 15, 21 and X. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

cardiolipin synthase 1

This gene encodes a member of the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family of proteins. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of cardiolipin, a phospholipid component of mitochondrial membranes that is critical for mitochondrial function. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

prostaglandin E synthase 3 (cytosolic)-like

Predicted to enable Hsp90 protein binding activity and protein-folding chaperone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly and protein folding. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase F0 subunit 8

Contributes to proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism. Involved in proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. Part of proton-transporting ATP synthase complex. Implicated in multiple sclerosis and urinary bladder cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase F0 subunit 6

Contributes to proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism. Involved in proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. Part of proton-transporting ATP synthase complex. Implicated in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy; NARP syndrome; Parkinson's disease; multiple sclerosis; and systemic lupus erythematosus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase mitochondrial F1 complex assembly factor 2

This gene encodes an assembly factor for the F(1) component of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. This protein binds specifically to the F1 alpha subunit and is thought to prevent this subunit from forming nonproductive homooligomers during enzyme assembly. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. An alternatively spliced transcript variant has been described, but its biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase mitochondrial F1 complex assembly factor 1

This gene encodes an assembly factor for the F(1) component of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. This protein binds specifically to the F1 beta subunit and is thought to prevent this subunit from forming nonproductive homooligomers during enzyme assembly. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

holocytochrome c synthase

The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that covalently links a heme group to the apoprotein of cytochrome c. Defects in this gene are a cause of microphthalmia syndromic type 7 (MCOPS7). Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase homolog (Arabidopsis)(non-functional)

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in amino acid metabolic process. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit g, pseudogene 5

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit g, pseudogene 4

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit g, pseudogene 7

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit g, pseudogene 6

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit g, pseudogene 1

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit g, pseudogene 3

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit g, pseudogene 2

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit g, pseudogene 8

glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)-like 1 pseudogene 1

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9) pseudogene 3

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9) pseudogene 1

spermine synthase pseudogene

farnesyl diphosphate synthase pseudogene 10

cystathionine beta-synthase

prostaglandin E synthase

The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53, and may be involved in TP53 induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

spermine synthase pseudogene

dihydrouridine synthase 3-like (S. cerevisiae)

Enables mRNA dihydrouridine synthase activity and tRNA-dihydrouridine47 synthase activity. Involved in regulation of translation and tRNA dihydrouridine synthesis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nitric oxide synthase trafficking pseudogene

pseudouridylate synthase 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae)-like

Enables pseudouridine synthase activity. Involved in mRNA pseudouridine synthesis. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1 pseudogene 2

s-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2-like

citrate synthase, mitochondrial-like

core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 pseudogene 1

pseudouridylate synthase 7 pseudogene 1

spermidine synthase pseudogene 1

spermidine synthase

The polyamines putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are ubiquitous polycationic mediators of cell growth and differentiation. Spermidine synthase is one of four enzymes in the polyamine-biosynthetic pathway and carries out the final step of spermidine biosynthesis. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of putrescine to spermidine using decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as the cofactor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

leukotriene C4 synthase

The MAPEG (Membrane Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) family includes a number of human proteins, several of which are involved the production of leukotrienes. This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, potent biological compounds derived from arachidonic acid. Leukotrienes have been implicated as mediators of anaphylaxis and inflammatory conditions such as human bronchial asthma. This protein localizes to the nuclear envelope and adjacent endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

spermidine synthase pseudogene

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit G

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the g subunit of the Fo complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9) pseudogene 2

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9) pseudogene 6

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9) pseudogene 7

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9) pseudogene 4

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9) pseudogene 5

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9) pseudogene 8

pseudouridylate synthase-like 1

Predicted to enable pseudouridine synthase activity. Predicted to be involved in tRNA pseudouridine synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial-like

nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible pseudogene

nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible pseudogene

aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase

This gene encodes a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in the mammalian lysine degradation pathway. The N-terminal and the C-terminal portions of this enzyme contain lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activity, respectively, resulting in the conversion of lysine to alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde. Mutations in this gene are associated with familial hyperlysinemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

folylpolyglutamate synthase

This gene encodes the folylpolyglutamate synthetase enzyme. This enzyme has a central role in establishing and maintaining both cytosolic and mitochondrial folylpolyglutamate concentrations and, therefore, is essential for folate homeostasis and the survival of proliferating cells. This enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent addition of glutamate moieties to folate and folate derivatives. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase pseudogene

mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 6 pseudogene 2

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase homolog (Arabidopsis)(non-functional)-like pseudogene

dihydrouridine synthase 2

This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that catalyzes the conversion of uridine residues to dihydrouridine in the D-loop of tRNA. The resulting modified bases confer enhanced regional flexibility to tRNA. The encoded protein may increase the rate of translation by inhibiting an interferon-induced protein kinase. This gene has been implicated in pulmonary carcinogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

adenylosuccinate synthase pseudogene

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the b subunit of the proton channel. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

guanine monphosphate synthase

In the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, IMP is the branch point metabolite at which point the pathway diverges to the synthesis of either guanine or adenine nucleotides. In the guanine nucleotide pathway, there are 2 enzymes involved in converting IMP to GMP, namely IMP dehydrogenase (IMPD1), which catalyzes the oxidation of IMP to XMP, and GMP synthetase, which catalyzes the amination of XMP to GMP. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CDP-diacylglycerol synthase (phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase) 1

Breakdown products of phosphoinositides are ubiquitous second messengers that function downstream of many G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases regulating cell growth, calcium metabolism, and protein kinase C activity. This gene encodes an enzyme which regulates the amount of phosphatidylinositol available for signaling by catalyzing the conversion of phosphatidic acid to CDP-diacylglycerol. This enzyme is an integral membrane protein localized to two subcellular domains, the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it is thought to be involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin and the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum where it functions in phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Two genes encoding this enzyme have been identified in humans, one mapping to human chromosome 4q21 and a second to 20p13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CDP-diacylglycerol synthase (phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase) 2

Breakdown products of phosphoinositides are ubiquitous second messengers that function downstream of many G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases regulating cell growth, calcium metabolism, and protein kinase C activity. This gene encodes an enzyme which regulates the amount of phosphatidylinositol available for signaling by catalyzing the conversion of phosphatidic acid to CDP-diacylglycerol. This enzyme is an integral membrane protein localized to two subcellular domains, the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it is thought to be involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin and the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum where it functions in phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Two genes encoding this enzyme have been identified in humans, one mapping to human chromosome 4q21 and a second to 20p13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

citrate synthase

The protein encoded by this gene is a Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A. The enzyme is found in nearly all cells capable of oxidative metablism. This protein is nuclear encoded and transported into the mitochondrial matrix, where the mature form is found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase

The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the elimination of inorganic triphosphate from dihydroneopterin triphosphate, which is the second and irreversible step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from GTP. Tetrahydrobiopterin, also known as BH(4), is an essential cofactor and regulator of various enzyme activities, including enzymes involved in serotonin biosynthesis and NO synthase activity. Mutations in this gene result in hyperphenylalaninemia. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial-like

CoA synthase

Coenzyme A (CoA) functions as a carrier of acetyl and acyl groups in cells and thus plays an important role in numerous synthetic and degradative metabolic pathways in all organisms. In eukaryotes, CoA and its derivatives are also involved in membrane trafficking and signal transduction. This gene encodes the bifunctional protein coenzyme A synthase (CoAsy) which carries out the last two steps in the biosynthesis of CoA from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). The phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase domain of this bifunctional protein catalyzes the conversion of 4'-phosphopantetheine into dephospho-coenzyme A (dpCoA) while its dephospho-CoA kinase domain completes the final step by phosphorylating dpCoA to form CoA. Mutations in this gene are associated with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Alternative splicing results in multiple isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

cystathionine-beta-synthase

The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homotetramer to catalyze the conversion of homocysteine to cystathionine, the first step in the transsulfuration pathway. The encoded protein is allosterically activated by adenosyl-methionine and uses pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor. Defects in this gene can cause cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency (CBSD), which can lead to homocystinuria. This gene is a major contributor to cellular hydrogen sulfide production. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like

nitric oxide synthase trafficking

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent mediator in biologic processes such as neurotransmission, inflammatory response, and vascular homeostasis. NOSTRIN binds the enzyme responsible for NO production, endothelial NO synthase (ENOS; MIM 163729), and triggers the translocation of ENOS from the plasma membrane to vesicle-like subcellular structures, thereby attenuating ENOS-dependent NO production.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

spermine synthase pseudogene

prostaglandin E synthase 3 pseudogene

farnesyl diphosphate synthase pseudogene 9

farnesyl diphosphate synthase pseudogene 3

farnesyl diphosphate synthase pseudogene 2

farnesyl diphosphate synthase pseudogene 1

farnesyl diphosphate synthase pseudogene 7

farnesyl diphosphate synthase pseudogene 6

farnesyl diphosphate synthase pseudogene 5

farnesyl diphosphate synthase pseudogene 4

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9)

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene is one of three genes that encode subunit c of the proton channel. Each of the three genes have distinct mitochondrial import sequences but encode the identical mature protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

pseudouridylate synthase 10

Pseudouridination, the isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine, is the most common posttranscriptional nucleotide modification found in RNA and is essential for biologic functions such as spliceosome biogenesis. Pseudouridylate synthases, such as PUS10, catalyze pseudouridination of structural RNAs, including transfer, ribosomal, and splicing RNAs. These enzymes also act as RNA chaperones, facilitating the correct folding and assembly of tRNAs (McCleverty et al., 2007 [PubMed 17900615]).[supplied by OMIM, May 2009]

farnesyl diphosphate synthase pseudogene 8

core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1

The protein encoded by this gene generates the common core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-1-3GalNAc-R, by the transfer of Gal from UDP-Gal to GalNAc-alpha-1-R. Core 1 is a precursor for many extended mucin-type O-glycans on cell surface and secreted glycoproteins. Studies in mice suggest that this gene plays a key role in thrombopoiesis and kidney homeostasis.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

prostaglandin E synthase 3 (cytosolic) pseudogene 3

prostaglandin E synthase 3 (cytosolic) pseudogene 1

ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1

Enables several functions, including ATPase binding activity; angiostatin binding activity; and mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex binding activity. Involved in several processes, including mitochondrial depolarization; negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; and positive regulation of metabolic process. Located in cell surface and mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

adenylosuccinate synthase 2

This gene encodes the enzyme adenylosuccinate synthetase which catalyzes the first committed step in the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 17.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

ATP synthase F1 subunit beta

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the beta subunit of the catalytic core. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit OSCP

The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the F-type ATPase found in the mitochondrial matrix. F-type ATPases are composed of a catalytic core and a membrane proton channel. The encoded protein appears to be part of the connector linking these two components and may be involved in transmission of conformational changes or proton conductance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, using an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the different isoforms have been identified. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 9, 2, and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

ATP synthase F1 subunit gamma

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the gamma subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. This gene also has a pseudogene on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit d

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the d subunit of the Fo complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. In addition, three pseudogenes are located on chromosomes 9, 12 and 15. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

ATP synthase membrane subunit j

Predicted to be involved in proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit F6

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo complex has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the F6 subunit of the Fo complex. The F6 subunit is required for F1 and Fo interactions. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. This gene has 1 or more pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ATP synthase membrane subunit k

Predicted to be involved in proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. Part of proton-transporting ATP synthase complex. Implicated in mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 6. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase peripheral stalk-membrane subunit b

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the b subunit of the proton channel. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase membrane subunit e

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the e subunit of the Fo complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

GDP-L-fucose synthase

Tissue specific transplantation antigen P35B is a NADP(H)-binding protein. It catalyze the two-step epimerase and the reductase reactions in GDP-D-mannose metabolism, converting GDP-4-keto-6-D-deoxymannose to GDP-L-fucose. GDP-L-fucose is the substrate of several fucosyltransferases involved in the expression of many glycoconjugates, including blood group ABH antigens and developmental adhesion antigens. Mutations in this gene may cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type II. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cyclic GMP-AMP synthase

Enables several functions, including 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity; molecular condensate scaffold activity; and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding activity. Involved in several processes, including defense response to symbiont; intracellular signal transduction; and regulation of defense response. Located in nuclear body; plasma membrane; and site of double-strand break. Is active in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase F1 subunit delta

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the delta subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase membrane subunit g

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The F1 complex consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled in a ratio of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The Fo seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the g subunit of the Fo complex. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

ATP synthase membrane subunit f

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. It is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, which comprises the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of five different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and single representatives of the gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The proton channel likely has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene encodes the f subunit of the Fo complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. Naturally occurring read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream pentatricopeptide repeat domain 1 (PTCD1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the epsilon subunit of the catalytic core. Two pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 4 and 13. Read-through transcripts that include exons from this gene are expressed from the upstream gene SLMO2.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

ATP synthase c subunit lysine N-methyltransferase

Enables protein-lysine N-methyltransferase activity. Involved in several processes, including peptidyl-lysine trimethylation; positive regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism; and positive regulation of sensory perception of pain. Located in mitochondrial crista. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

adenylosuccinate synthase 1

This gene encodes a member of the adenylosuccinate synthase family of proteins. The encoded muscle-specific enzyme plays a role in the purine nucleotide cycle by catalyzing the first step in the conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Mutations in this gene may cause adolescent onset distal myopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ATP23 metallopeptidase and ATP synthase assembly factor homolog

The protein encoded by this gene is amplified in glioblastomas and interacts with the DNA binding subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase. This kinase is involved in double-strand break repair (DSB), and higher expression of the encoded protein increases the efficiency of DSB. In addition, comparison to orthologous proteins strongly suggests that this protein is a metalloprotease important in the biosynthesis of mitochondrial ATPase. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 1

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene is one of three genes that encode subunit c of the proton channel. Each of the three genes have distinct mitochondrial import sequences but encode the identical mature protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 2

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and single representatives of the gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The proton channel likely has nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). There are three separate genes which encode subunit c of the proton channel and they specify precursors with different import sequences but identical mature proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is one of three precursors of subunit c. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2018]

ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 3

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, utilizing an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel seems to have nine subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, F6 and 8). This gene is one of three genes that encode subunit c of the proton channel. Each of the three genes have distinct mitochondrial import sequences but encode the identical mature protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different proteins have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

ATP synthase F0 subunit 6

Contributes to proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism. Involved in proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. Part of proton-transporting ATP synthase complex. Implicated in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy; NARP syndrome; Parkinson's disease; multiple sclerosis; and systemic lupus erythematosus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase F0 subunit 8

Contributes to proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism. Involved in proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. Part of proton-transporting ATP synthase complex. Implicated in multiple sclerosis and urinary bladder cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase membrane subunit g like

Predicted to enable proton transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to contribute to proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism. Predicted to be involved in proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon pseudogene 2

Predicted to enable hydrolase activity. Predicted to contribute to proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism. Predicted to be involved in proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

citrate synthase lysine methyltransferase

Enables protein-lysine N-methyltransferase activity. Involved in peptidyl-lysine dimethylation; peptidyl-lysine monomethylation; and peptidyl-lysine trimethylation. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prostaglandin E synthase 3 pseudogene 2

ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha pseudogene 3

RNA, U5B small nuclear 1

Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U5 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C pseudogene 6

serine palmitoyltransferase small subunit A pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 67, pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 36 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 81

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in RNA processing. Box H/ACA snoRNAs, such as SNORA81, direct the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine at specific residues of ribosomal RNAs or small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) (Gu et al., 2005).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 84

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small G protein signaling modulator 3

Enables GTPase activator activity and small GTPase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including Rap protein signal transduction; positive regulation of GTPase activity; and regulation of Rab protein signal transduction. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-14

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-16

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-17

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-10

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U1 small nuclear 16, pseudogene

KRR1, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in ribosomal small subunit biogenesis. Located in chromosome; intercellular bridge; and nuclear lumen. Part of small-subunit processome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 53 pseudogene

RNA, U5A small nuclear 5, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 48

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 90

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 41

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 47

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 44

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 93

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 4B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 4A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2) pseudogene

small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 pseudogene

U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1-like 4

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be located in nucleoplasm. Predicted to be part of U2AF complex and spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U2 small nuclear 6, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 91B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 91A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 27kDa (U4/U6.U5) pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-6

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-7

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-4

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-1

This gene encodes a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) that is found clustered with dozens of other similar snoRNAs on chromosome 15. These genes are found mostly within introns of the IC-SNURF-SNRPN transcript, which is paternally imprinted and from the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome (PWS) region. This gene has been designated as copy 1 of the cluster and may be involved in the regulation of RNA editing and/or alternative splicing of the serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) transcript. This gene is not thought to play a major role in PWS. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

LSM5 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 1

Implicated in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 46, pseudogene

small EDRK-rich factor 2

Involved in protein destabilization. Predicted to be located in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 45A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 2 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 111B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

M-phase phosphoprotein 10 (U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein) pseudogene

M-phase phosphoprotein 10 (U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein) pseudogene

M-phase phosphoprotein 10 (U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein) pseudogene

M-phase phosphoprotein 10 (U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein) pseudogene

RNA, U5E small nuclear 6, pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 24 pseudogene

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D3 polypeptide 18kDa

This gene encodes a core component of the spliceosome, which is a nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex that functions in pre-mRNA splicing. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2 polypeptide 16.5kDa

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein core protein family. It is required for pre-mRNA splicing and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein biogenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 polypeptide 16kDa

This gene encodes a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein that belongs to the SNRNP core protein family. The protein may act as a charged protein scaffold to promote SNRNP assembly or strengthen SNRNP-SNRNP interactions through nonspecific electrostatic contacts with RNA. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

M-phase phosphoprotein 10 (U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein)

This gene encodes a protein that is phosphorylated during mitosis. The protein localizes to the nucleolus during interphase and to the chromosomes during M phase. The protein associates with the U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein 60-80S complexes and may be involved in pre-rRNA processing. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

small EDRK-rich factor 2 pseudogene

RNA, U1 small nuclear 28, pseudogene

RNA, U1 small nuclear 13, pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 5 pseudogene

small proline-rich protein 4

Predicted to be involved in keratinization. Predicted to be located in cell cortex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small proline-rich protein 3

Predicted to enable structural molecule activity. Predicted to be involved in keratinocyte differentiation and wound healing. Located in Golgi apparatus and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6atac small nuclear 5, pseudogene

LSM8 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a member of the like-Sm family of proteins. The encoded protein consists of a closed barrel shape, made up of five anti-parallel beta strands and an alpha helix. This protein partners with six paralogs to form a heteroheptameric ring which transiently binds U6 small nuclear RNAs and is involved in the general maturation of RNA in the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

LSM4 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a member of the LSm family of RNA-binding proteins. LSm proteins form stable heteromers that bind specifically to the 3'-terminal oligo(U) tract of U6 snRNA and may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing by mediating U4/U6 snRNP formation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

LSM5 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)

Sm-like proteins were identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family (see SNRPD2; MIM 601061). Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length that folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are thought to form a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

LSM6 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)

Sm-like proteins were identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family (see SNRPD2; MIM 601061). Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length that folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are thought to form a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 9

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 7

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 6

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 5

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 4

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 1

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N pseudogene

small integral membrane protein 12-like

small EDRK-rich factor 2 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 12C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 12B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 123

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 127

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 124

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 62 pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 79, pseudogene

RNA, U4 small nuclear 7, pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 8

Predicted to enable U4 snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U6 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 9

Predicted to enable U4 snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U6 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 7

Predicted to enable U4 snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U6 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 1

Predicted to enable U4 snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U6 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 2

Predicted to enable U4 snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U6 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 69, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 9

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 8

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 1

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 4

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 6

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U1 small nuclear 20, pseudogene

small G protein signaling modulator 1 pseudogene

ribosomal RNA processing 9, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a member of the WD-repeat protein family. The encoded protein is a component of the nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snoRNP) and is essential for 18s rRNA processing during ribosome synthesis. It contains seven WD domains required for nucleolar localization and specific interaction with the U3 small nucleolar RNA (U3 snoRNA). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

small integral membrane protein 13

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 12

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 11

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 10

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 17

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 15

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 14

Predicted to act upstream of or within blastocyst hatching. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 19

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 18

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 47 pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 86 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 121B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 121A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 13 pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 36, pseudogene

RNA, U4atac small nuclear 2, pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 64, pseudogene

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 200kDa (U5)

Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a complex of specialized RNA and protein subunits that removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA segment. The spliceosome consists of small nuclear RNA proteins (snRNPs) U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6, together with approximately 80 conserved proteins. U5 snRNP contains nine specific proteins. This gene encodes one of the U5 snRNP-specific proteins. This protein belongs to the DEXH-box family of putative RNA helicases. It is a core component of U4/U6-U5 snRNPs and appears to catalyze an ATP-dependent unwinding of U4/U6 RNA duplices. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found, but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

RNA, U5B small nuclear 5, pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 63, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 74A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Part of box H/ACA RNP complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 74B

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in RNA processing. Box H/ACA snoRNAs, such as SNORA74B, direct the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine at specific residues of ribosomal RNAs or small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) (Gu et al., 2005).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 54 pseudogene

RNA, U5A small nuclear 2, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-43

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-41

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-47

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 16

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 10

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 11

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 19

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 32 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 43

Intronic regions of ribosomal protein genes can harbor noncoding small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), like SNORD43, which are generated during pre-mRNA processing. snoRNAs form part of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs) involved in pre-rRNA processing and modification. snoRNAs of the box C/D class, like SNORD43, function in 2-prime-O-ribose methylation of rRNAs (Duga et al., 2000 [PubMed 10684968]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 46

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-6

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA F

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA E

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA D

potassium channel, calcium activated intermediate/small conductance subfamily N alpha, member 4

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a potentially heterotetrameric voltage-independent potassium channel that is activated by intracellular calcium. Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization, which promotes calcium influx. The encoded protein may be part of the predominant calcium-activated potassium channel in T-lymphocytes. This gene is similar to other KCNN family potassium channel genes, but it differs enough to possibly be considered as part of a new subfamily. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

potassium channel, calcium activated intermediate/small conductance subfamily N alpha, member 3

Action potentials in vertebrate neurons are followed by an afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that may persist for several seconds and may have profound consequences for the firing pattern of the neuron. Each component of the AHP is kinetically distinct and is mediated by different calcium-activated potassium channels. This gene belongs to the KCNN family of potassium channels. It encodes an integral membrane protein that forms a voltage-independent calcium-activated channel, which is thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic AHP. This gene contains two CAG repeat regions in the coding sequence. It was thought that expansion of one or both of these repeats could lead to an increased susceptibility to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, but studies indicate that this is probably not the case. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

potassium channel, calcium activated intermediate/small conductance subfamily N alpha, member 2

Action potentials in vertebrate neurons are followed by an afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that may persist for several seconds and may have profound consequences for the firing pattern of the neuron. Each component of the AHP is kinetically distinct and is mediated by different calcium-activated potassium channels. The protein encoded by this gene is activated before membrane hyperpolarization and is thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic AHP. This gene is a member of the KCNN family of potassium channel genes. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein that forms a voltage-independent calcium-activated channel with three other calmodulin-binding subunits. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

potassium channel, calcium activated intermediate/small conductance subfamily N alpha, member 1

Action potentials in vertebrate neurons are followed by an afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that may persist for several seconds and may have profound consequences for the firing pattern of the neuron. Each component of the AHP is kinetically distinct and is mediated by different calcium-activated potassium channels. The protein encoded by this gene is activated before membrane hyperpolarization and is thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic AHP. The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein that forms a voltage-independent calcium-activated channel with three other calmodulin-binding subunits. This gene is a member of the KCNN family of potassium channel genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 33 pseudogene

RNA, U5D small nuclear 2, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 33

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 32

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 31

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. Implicated in brain disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 30

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 35

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 34

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 38

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 76, pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 27 pseudogene

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C pseudogene 9

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C pseudogene 8

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C pseudogene 3

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C pseudogene 2

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C pseudogene 7

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C pseudogene 4

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 3, 50kDa

Predicted to enable RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding activity and bent DNA binding activity. Predicted to contribute to RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity and core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II and snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III. Located in nuclear body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 2, 45kDa

This gene encodes a subunit of the snRNA-activating protein complex which is associated with the TATA box-binding protein. The encoded protein is necessary for RNA polymerase II and III dependent small-nuclear RNA gene transcription. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 1, 43kDa

Predicted to enable sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II and snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III. Located in nucleolus and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 5, 19kDa

This gene encodes a subunit of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA)-activating protein complex that plays a role in the transcription of snRNA genes. This complex binds to the promoters of snRNA genes transcribed by either RNA polymerase II or III and recruits other regulatory factors to activate snRNA gene transcription. The encoded protein may play a role in stabilizing this complex. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 4, 190kDa

This gene encodes the largest subunit of the small nuclear RNA-activating protein (SNAP) complex. The encoded protein contains a Myb DNA-binding domain, and is essential for RNA polymerase II and III polymerase transcription from small nuclear RNA promoters. A mutation in this gene is associated with ankylosing spondylitis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 98

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 99

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 94

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 95

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 97

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 92

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 21, pseudogene

UTP14, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein, homolog A (yeast)

This gene encodes a member of the uridine triphosphate 14 family. As an essential component of a large ribonucleoprotein complex bound to the U3 small nucleolar RNA, the encoded protein is involved in ribosome biogenesis and 18S rRNA synthesis. An autosomal retrotransposed copy of this X-linked gene exists on chromosome 13. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

UTP14, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein, homolog C (yeast)

Predicted to be involved in several processes, including meiotic cell cycle; rRNA processing; and spermatogenesis. Located in cytosol and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U2 small nuclear 3, pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 75 pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 4 pseudogene

RNA, 7SK small nuclear pseudogene 1

carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 2 pseudogene

RNA, U5A small nuclear 8, pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 53, pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 39, pseudogene

RNA, U5F small nuclear 6, pseudogene

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A8

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U4 small nuclear 4, pseudogene

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA G1

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA G2

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 83, pseudogene

RNA, U1 small nuclear 27, pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 48, pseudogene

RNA, U1 small nuclear 18, pseudogene

small integral membrane protein 23

Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 20

Involved in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 21

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 24

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U2 small nuclear 1

The spliceosome is a multicomponent ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes the removal of introns from nuclear mRNA precursors. The spliceosome is composed of four small ribonucleoprotein particles (the U1, U2, and U4/U6 snRNPs) and numerous additional proteins. The U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is a RNA component of the U2 snRNP that interacts with the 3' region of the intron at the branch site. Several sites in the human genome express U2 snRNAs. This locus represents an array of U2 snRNA genes located at 17q21-22 that undergoes concerted evolution to homogenize repeat units within the array. Each repeat in this array is approximately 6.1 kb long and contains a single copy of the U2 snRNA. Arrays of six to more than 30 repeats have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 42 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 32A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to act upstream of or within glucose metabolic process; insulin secretion; and reactive oxygen species metabolic process. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 32B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 85 pseudogene

small cell cancer of the lung

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 17

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA host gene 5

This gene represent a snoRNA host gene and produces a long non-coding RNA. This RNA may regulate gene expression by acting as a sponge for microRNAs. This transcript may also stabilize mRNAs by blocking degradation by staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 1. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

small nucleolar RNA host gene 4

small nucleolar RNA host gene 7

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA host gene 6

small nucleolar RNA host gene 1

This locus represents a small nucleolar RNA host gene that produces multiple alternatively spliced long non-coding RNAs. This gene is upregulated in cancers and is thought to act as promoter of cell proliferation. This transcript negatively regulates tumor suppressor genes such as tumor protein p53. Expression of this locus may be a marker of tumor progression. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

small nucleolar RNA host gene 8

RNA, U7 small nuclear 28 pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 65 pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 38 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 15B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 15A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 3B-1

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 3B-2

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide B pseudogene

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide B pseudogene

carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 2 pseudogene

tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan

Predicted to enable transforming growth factor beta binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including cholesterol efflux; cholesterol homeostasis; and nervous system development. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including ciliary body morphogenesis; negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway; and telencephalon development. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

u3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein protein MPP10-like

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 83A

Intronic regions of ribosomal protein genes can harbor noncoding small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), like SNORD83A, which are generated during pre-mRNA processing. snoRNAs form part of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs) involved in pre-rRNA processing and modification. snoRNAs of the box C/D class, like SNORD83A, function in 2-prime-O-ribose methylation of rRNAs (Duga et al., 2000 [PubMed 10684968]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 83B

Intronic regions of ribosomal protein genes can harbor noncoding small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), like SNORD83B, which are generated during pre-mRNA processing. snoRNAs form part of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs) involved in pre-rRNA processing and modification. snoRNAs of the box C/D class, like SNORD83B, function in 2-prime-O-ribose methylation of rRNAs (Duga et al., 2000 [PubMed 10684968]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 71C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 71B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 71A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 71E

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 66, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 85

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

UTP3, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in ribosomal small subunit biogenesis. Located in nucleolus. Part of small-subunit processome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 8 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 114-31

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 114-30

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small lysine-rich protein 1

LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 14 pseudogene

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide B pseudogene

RNA, variant U1 small nuclear 17

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition. Predicted to be part of U1 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, variant U1 small nuclear 14

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition. Predicted to be part of U1 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, variant U1 small nuclear 15

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition. Predicted to be part of U1 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, variant U1 small nuclear 11

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition. Predicted to be part of U1 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, variant U1 small nuclear 18

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition. Predicted to be part of U1 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, variant U1 small nuclear 19

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition. Predicted to be part of U1 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 12

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 30 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 13

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 11 pseudogene 1

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 68

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 64

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 65

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 66

This gene encodes a non-coding RNA that functions in the biogenesis of other small nuclear RNAs. This RNA is found in the nucleolus, where it may be involved in the pseudouridylation of 18S ribosomal RNA. This RNA is found associated with the GAR1 protein. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 67

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 60

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 61

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 62

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Part of box H/ACA RNP complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 63

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Part of box H/ACA RNP complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116 cluster

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 5, 19kDa pseudogene 1

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 13

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 12

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 11

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 14

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-25

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-27

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-21

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U5E small nuclear 8, pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 51 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 65

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 64

This gene encodes a C/D box-type small nucleolar RNA that is expressed predominantly in the brain. Expression of this RNA is not detectable in the brains of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 67

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 66

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 61

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in RNA processing. Box C/D class snoRNAs are involved in site-specific 2-prime-O-ribose methylation of preribosomal RNA precursors. This snoRNA is located in an intron of the RNA binding motif protein, X-linked gene (RBMX). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 60

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to act upstream of or within intracellular cholesterol transport. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 63

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 69

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 68

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 15, pseudogene

RNA, U2 small nuclear 4, pseudogene

RNA, U1 small nuclear 15, pseudogene

RNA, U5F small nuclear 4, pseudogene

RNA, U6atac small nuclear 3, pseudogene

small VCP/p97-interacting protein

Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is the pathway by which misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum are targeted to the proteasome for degradation. Multiple specialized proteins interact with one another during ERAD to complete this process. The protein encoded by this gene is an inhibitor of ERAD, functioning to disrupt the interaction of these protein components. This downregulation of ERAD may be needed to protect the cell from overactive protein degradation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

small integral membrane protein 22

Involved in several processes, including lipid droplet formation; positive regulation of cell migration; and regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization. Predicted to be located in late endosome and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 72 pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 56, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 114-20

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 8

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-21

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-20

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-23

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-22

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-25

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-24

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-27

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-26

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-29

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-28

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase like 2 pseudogene

RNA, U3 small nucleolar pseudogene 2

RNA, U3 small nucleolar pseudogene 3

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U3 small nucleolar pseudogene 1

RNA, U3 small nucleolar pseudogene 4

small nucleolar RNA host gene 15

This gene represents a snoRNA host gene that produces a short-lived long non-coding RNA. This non-coding RNA is upregulated in tumor cells and may contribute to cell proliferation by acting as a sponge for microRNAs. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

small nucleolar RNA host gene 14

This gene is located within the Prader-Willi critical region and produces a long, spliced paternally-imprinted RNA that initiates within a common upstream promoter region shared by the SNRPN (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N) and SNURF genes. This transcript serves as a host RNA for the small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115 and 116 clusters. This RNA extends in antisense into the region of the ubiquitin protein ligase E3A gene (UBE3A), and is thought to regulate imprinted expression of UBE3A in the brain. This transcript undergoes extensive alternative splicing, and may initiate and terminate at multiple locations within this genomic region. The full-length structure of all splice forms is not determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

small nucleolar RNA host gene 17

small nucleolar RNA host gene 16

small nucleolar RNA host gene 11

This gene is a member of the non-protein-coding multiple snoRNA host gene family. Two snoRNAs are derived from the introns of this host gene. Although many alternative splice variants have been observed, the gene is thought to have no protein-coding potential. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

small nucleolar RNA host gene 12

This gene produces a long RNA that is overexpressed in tumor cells. This RNA may promote tumorigenesis by acting as a sponge for microRNAs. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

small nucleolar RNA host gene 19

small nucleolar RNA host gene 18

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 80E

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 80B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 80A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U4 small nuclear 9, pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 71, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 45A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 22 pseudogene

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide B

The protein encoded by this gene associates with stem loop IV of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U2 snRNP) in the presence of snRNP-A'. The encoded protein may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing. Autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus frequently recognize epitopes on the encoded protein. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ash2 (absent, small, or homeotic)-like (Drosophila) pseudogene 1

RNA, U7 small nuclear 59 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 88A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 88B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 88C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 26, pseudogene

UTP11-like, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (yeast)

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in nervous system development; positive regulation of apoptotic process; and ribosomal small subunit biogenesis. Located in cytoplasm; extracellular space; and nucleolus. Part of small-subunit processome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 10, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 114-1

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), like SNORD114-1, guide the formation of 2-prime O-methylation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and U small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) through a specific RNA duplex at each modification site. SNORD114-1 is 1 of 31 tandem SNORD114 genes on chromosome 14q32 (Cavaille et al., 2002 [PubMed 12045206]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 114-6

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 114-5

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 114-4

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ash1 (absent, small, or homeotic)-like (Drosophila)

This gene encodes a member of the trithorax group of transcriptional activators. The protein contains four AT hooks, a SET domain, a PHD-finger motif, and a bromodomain. It is localized to many small speckles in the nucleus, and also to cell-cell tight junctions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

UTP6, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast) pseudogene

UTP18, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast) pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 41 pseudogene

small Cajal body-specific RNA 27

small Cajal body-specific RNA 22

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 23

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 20

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 21

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6atac small nuclear 4, pseudogene

RNA, U1 small nuclear 3

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition. Predicted to be part of U1 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U1 small nuclear 2

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition. Predicted to be part of U1 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 31, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-5

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-2

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-3

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-8

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-9

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 101

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 100

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 102

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 105

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 104

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 107

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in RNA processing. Box C/D class snoRNAs are involved in site-specific 2-prime-O-ribose methylation of preribosomal RNA precursors. This snoRNA is located in a cluster of genes including the SNURF-SNRPN gene, which serves as a host for multiple snoRNAs. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 108

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 60 pseudogene

U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1-like 4 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 23

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA B2

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA B1

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U5B small nuclear 3, pseudogene

M-phase phosphoprotein 10 (U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein) pseudogene

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 40kDa (U5)

This gene encodes a component of the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle. The U5 snRNP is part of the spliceosome, a multiprotein complex that catalyzes the removal of introns from pre-messenger RNAs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 48kDa (U11/U12)

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in RNA splicing. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. Part of U12-type spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CDC42 small effector 2

Enables signaling adaptor activity. Involved in regulation of signal transduction. Located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CDC42 small effector 1

Predicted to enable GTPase inhibitor activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Located in cell junction. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U1 small nuclear 22, pseudogene

small Cajal body-specific RNA 5

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Located in Cajal body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 4

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small cell adhesion glycoprotein

Located in cell junction; nucleoplasm; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, 7SK small nuclear pseudogene 8

RNA, 7SK small nuclear pseudogene 9

RNA, 7SK small nuclear pseudogene 6

RNA, 7SK small nuclear pseudogene 7

RNA, 7SK small nuclear pseudogene 4

RNA, 7SK small nuclear pseudogene 5

RNA, 7SK small nuclear pseudogene 2

RNA, 7SK small nuclear pseudogene 3

small Cajal body-specific RNA 2

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA host gene 3

Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 2

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 1 (Vel blood group)

This gene encodes a small, conserved protein that participates in red blood cell formation. The encoded protein is localized to the cell membrane and is the antigen for the Vel blood group. Alternative splicing results in different transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]

small nucleolar RNA host gene 9

RNA, U7 small nuclear 80 pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 11 pseudogene

CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase like 2 pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 35 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 45C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 45B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 68 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 18A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 18C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 18B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 53

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 10 like 1

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 76C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 76A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 52 pseudogene

RNA, U5A small nuclear 4, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 3D

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 3 cluster

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 3A

U3 RNA, an abundant small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), is thought to play a role in the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors (Bernstein et al., 1983 [PubMed 6186397]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 37

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 34

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to act upstream of or within glucose metabolic process; insulin secretion; and reactive oxygen species metabolic process. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 33

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to act upstream of or within glucose metabolic process; insulin secretion; and reactive oxygen species metabolic process. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 30

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 31

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 45, pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 34, pseudogene

LSM1, U6 small nuclear RNA associated pseudogene 1

carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 2 pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 55, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 19

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 18

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 15

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 17

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 12

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in RNA processing. Box H/ACA snoRNAs, such as SNORA12, direct the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine at specific residues of ribosomal RNAs or small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) (Gu et al., 2005).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

RNA, U5F small nuclear 7, pseudogene

Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 19 pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 78 pseudogene

RNA, U4atac small nuclear (U12-dependent splicing)

The small nuclear RNA (snRNA) encoded by this gene is part of the U12-dependent minor spliceosome complex. In addition to the encoded RNA, this ribonucleoprotein complex consists of U11, U12, U5, and U6atac snRNAs. The U12-dependent spliceosome acts on approximately 700 specific introns in the human genome. Defects in this gene are a cause of microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 (MOPD). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 25 pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 81 pseudogene

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA C3

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 23, pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 10 pseudogene

CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase 1

This gene encodes a member of the small C-terminal domain phosphatase (SCP) family of nuclear phosphatases. These proteins play a role in transcriptional regulation through specific dephosphorylation of phosphoserine 5 within tandem heptapeptide repeats of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. The encoded protein plays a role in neuronal gene silencing in non-neuronal cells, and may also inhibit osteoblast differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase 2

Enables RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity. Involved in protein dephosphorylation. Predicted to be located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CTD (carboxy-terminal domain, RNA polymerase II, polypeptide A) small phosphatase-like

Predicted to enable RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity. Predicted to be involved in chromatin remodeling and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle and negative regulation of protein phosphorylation. Located in extracellular exosome. Biomarker of lung non-small cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 20 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-10

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-12

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 6 pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 77 pseudogene

RNA, 7SK small nuclear

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. Part of 7SK snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

UTP18 small subunit (SSU) processome component homolog (yeast)

Enables RNA binding activity. Involved in ribosomal small subunit biogenesis. Located in nuclear membrane; nucleolus; and nucleoplasm. Part of small-subunit processome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 36A

Biosynthesis of stable cellular RNAs such as tRNAs, rRNAs, snRNAs, and snoRNAs is aided by covalent nucleotide modification after transcription. The modified nucleotides are involved in correct RNA folding, establishment of correct RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions, and in the correct function of mature RNAs. The RNA encoded by this gene is thought to mediate the pseudouridylation of residues U105 and U1244 of 18S rRNA. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A14

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A11

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A10

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 3C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 105B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U5D small nuclear 1

Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U5 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U4 small nuclear 6, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 71D

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LSM3 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A3

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A2

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A7

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A6

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A5

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A4

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 16A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cms1 ribosomal small subunit homolog (yeast)

Enables RNA binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70kDa (U1)

Enables U1 snRNA binding activity. Involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome and regulation of RNA splicing. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of U1 snRNP and spliceosomal complex. Implicated in disease of mental health and systemic lupus erythematosus. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 49 pseudogene

RNA, U5E small nuclear 1

Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U5 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 70

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U1 small nuclear 21, pseudogene

ash2 (absent, small, or homeotic)-like (Drosophila) pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 44 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-5

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-7

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 87 pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 12 pseudogene

RNA, U6atac small nuclear (U12-dependent splicing)

Predicted to enable U4atac snRNA binding activity and pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 5'-splice site recognition and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U6atac snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 62B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small integral membrane protein 12 pseudogene 1

serine palmitoyltransferase, small subunit A

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT; EC 2.3.1.50) catalyzes the first committed and rate-limiting step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. SSSPTA is a small SPT subunit that stimulates SPT activity and confers acyl-CoA preference to the SPT catalytic heterodimer of SPTLC1 (MIM 605712) and either SPTLC2 (MIM 605713) or SPTLC3 (MIM 611120) (Han et al., 2009 [PubMed 19416851]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

serine palmitoyltransferase, small subunit B

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT; EC 2.3.1.50) catalyzes the first committed and rate-limiting step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. SSSPTB is a small SPT subunit that stimulates SPT activity and confers acyl-CoA preference to the SPT catalytic heterodimer of SPTLC1 (MIM 605712) and either SPTLC2 (MIM 605713) or SPTLC3 (MIM 611120) (Han et al., 2009 [PubMed 19416851]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 11

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in RNA processing. Box H/ACA snoRNAs, such as SNORA11, direct the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine at specific residues of ribosomal RNAs or small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) (Gu et al., 2005).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 10

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 13

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 2 pseudogene

UTP6, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)

Predicted to enable snoRNA binding activity. Involved in ribosomal small subunit biogenesis. Located in chromosome and nucleolus. Part of small-subunit processome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 126

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 125

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small EDRK-rich factor 2 pseudogene

REM2 and RAB-like small GTPase 1

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cilium assembly; protein localization; and regulation of vesicle-mediated transport. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including axoneme assembly; endocardial cushion fusion; and regulation of smoothened signaling pathway. Located in centriole; ciliary basal body; and ciliary transition zone. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U5B small nuclear 6, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Located in nucleus. Part of box H/ACA RNP complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73B

RNA, U7 small nuclear 57 pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 52, pseudogene

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2)

This gene encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing proteins. The encoded protein localizes to the plasma membrane, where it regulates diverse processes, such as secretion, phagocytosis, and cell polarization. Activity of this protein is also involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Mutations in this gene are associated with neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac3)

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1)

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA A12

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 88 pseudogene

RNA, 7SK small nuclear pseudogene 10

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A' pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 58, pseudogene

RNA, U5E small nuclear 9, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 113-1

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), like SNORD113-1, guide the formation of 2-prime O-methylation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and U small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) through a specific RNA duplex at each modification site. SNORD113-1 is 1 of 9 tandem SNORD113 genes on chromosome 14q32 (Cavaille et al., 2002 [PubMed 12045206]).[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2010]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 113-3

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-42

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-40

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-46

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-45

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-44

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-48

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 42B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 42A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 46

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 47

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 44

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 43

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 40

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 41

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 48

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 49

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 114 cluster

RNA, U7 small nuclear 73 pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear variant sequence with SNRPE pseudogene sequence

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 58A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 58C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 58B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 89

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 87

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) of the C/D class, such as SNORD87, are involved in 2-prime-methylation of preribosomal RNA precursors (Gogolevskaya et al., 2002 [PubMed 12119114]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 86

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 84

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 82

The majority of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) function as guide RNAs in the nucleotide modification of preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA). C/D box snoRNAs, like SNORD82, are involved in site-specific 2-prime-O-ribose methylation of pre-rRNA (Rebane and Metspalu, 1999 [PubMed 10524220]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 81

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 80

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U5E small nuclear 5, pseudogene

small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing, beta

Predicted to enable molecular adaptor activity. Predicted to be involved in post-translational protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Predicted to be part of TRC complex. Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing, alpha

This gene encodes a protein which is capable of interacting with the major nonstructural protein of parvovirus H-1 and 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein; however, its function is not known. Since this transcript is expressed ubiquitously in various tissues, this protein may serve a housekeeping function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 10

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G pseudogene 15

Predicted to contribute to RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of SMN-Sm protein complex and nucleus. Predicted to be active in P granule. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U1 small nuclear 17, pseudogene

RNA, U2 small nuclear 2, pseudogene

RNA, U5F small nuclear 2, pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 74 pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 50, pseudogene

small integral membrane protein 3

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]