Harmonizome 3.0

Fanconi anemia group D2 protein-like

Fanconi anemia, complementation group G

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group G. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Fanconi anemia, complementation group E

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group E. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Fanconi anemia, complementation group C

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group C. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Fanconi anemia, complementation group B

This gene encodes a member of the Fanconi anemia complementation group B. This protein is assembled into a nucleoprotein complex that is involved in the repair of DNA lesions. Mutations in this gene can cause chromosome instability and VACTERL syndrome with hydrocephalus. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

Fanconi anemia, complementation group A

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group A. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Mutations in this gene are the most common cause of Fanconi anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Fanconi anemia, complementation group M

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group M. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

Fanconi anemia, complementation group L

This gene encodes a ubiquitin ligase that is a member of the Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC). Members of this group are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex rather than by sequence similarity. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group L that mediates monoubiquitination of FANCD2 as well as FANCI. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2018]

Fanconi anemia, complementation group I

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group I. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Fanconi anemia, complementation group D2

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group D2. This protein is monoubiquinated in response to DNA damage, resulting in its localization to nuclear foci with other proteins (BRCA1 AND BRCA2) involved in homology-directed DNA repair. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

Fanconi renotubular syndrome

Fanconi anemia-associated protein of 24 kDa pseudogene

Fanconi anemia, complementation group F

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group F. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Fanconi anemia, complementation group L pseudogene

Fanconi anemia, complementation group D2 pseudogene 1

ret finger protein-like 4A-like 1

Predicted to enable protein homodimerization activity; protein kinase binding activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including positive regulation of autophagy; positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; and regulation of viral entry into host cell. Predicted to be active in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

uroplakin-3b-like protein-like

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3 (nucleolar)-like pseudogene 1

transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 1

Enables receptor ligand inhibitor activity. Involved in negative regulation of viral entry into host cell. Is active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2

This gene encodes a member of the tomoregulin family of transmembrane proteins. This protein has been shown to function as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor depending on the cellular context and may regulate prostate cancer cell invasion. Multiple soluble forms of this protein have been identified that arise from both an alternative splice variant and ectodomain shedding. Additionally, this gene has been found to be hypermethylated in multiple cancer types. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3 (nucleolar)-like

The protein encoded by this gene appears to be a nucleolar GTPase that is essential for ribosomal pre-rRNA processing and cell proliferation. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 3-like

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; focal adhesion; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

presenilins-associated rhomboid-like protein, mitochondrial-like

putative ubiquitin-like protein FUBI-like protein ENSP00000310146

ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 2-like

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

integrin, beta-like 1 (with EGF-like repeat domains)

This gene encodes a beta integrin-related protein that is a member of the EGF-like protein family. The encoded protein contains integrin-like cysteine-rich repeats. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3

The protein encoded by this gene is an integrin ligand. It plays an important role in mediating angiogenesis and may be important in vessel wall remodeling and development. It also influences endothelial cell behavior. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

putative paraneoplastic antigen-like protein 6B-like protein LOC649238

ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 2-like

WBSCR19-like protein 5-like

tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1

This gene encodes a member of the tyrosine protein kinase family. The encoded protein plays a critical role in angiogenesis and blood vessel stability by inhibiting angiopoietin 1 signaling through the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. Ectodomain cleavage of the encoded protein relieves inhibition of Tie2 and is mediated by multiple factors including vascular endothelial growth factor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

endothelin-converting enzyme-like 1-like

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

paraneoplastic antigen like 6A-like

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

contactin associated protein-like 3-like

Predicted to be involved in cell adhesion. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

putative SIPAR-like protein C9orf51-like

insulin-like growth factor binding protein-like 1

Predicted to enable insulin-like growth factor binding activity. Involved in cellular response to tumor cell. Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative paraneoplastic antigen-like protein 6B-like

ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 2-like

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

RAS protein activator like 1 (GAP1 like)

The protein encoded by this gene is member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. These proteins stimulate the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21 but not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of RAS, thereby allowing control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. This particular family member contains domains which are characteristic of the GAP1 subfamily of RasGAP proteins but, in contrast to the other GAP1 family members, this protein is strongly and selectively expressed in endocrine tissues. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

putative POM121-like protein 1-like

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14 effector protein-like

nuclear distribution protein nudE-like 1-like

inflammation and lipid regulator with UBA-like and NBR1-like domains

This gene encodes a protein with N-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA)-like and central neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1)-like domains. The protein acts an inhibitor of antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine transcription and as a regulator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2021]

killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4-like

COMM domain-containing protein 6-like

FSHD region gene 2-like

ceruloplasmin and hephaestin-like 1 pseudogene

signal peptide peptidase like 3

Enables aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway; membrane protein proteolysis; and positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade. Located in Golgi-associated vesicle membrane; endoplasmic reticulum; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor

This gene encodes a receptor for both insulin-like growth factor 2 and mannose 6-phosphate. The binding sites for each ligand are located on different segments of the protein. This receptor has various functions, including in the intracellular trafficking of lysosomal enzymes, the activation of transforming growth factor beta, and the degradation of insulin-like growth factor 2. Mutation or loss of heterozygosity of this gene has been association with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. The orthologous mouse gene is imprinted and shows exclusive expression from the maternal allele; however, imprinting of the human gene may be polymorphic, as only a minority of individuals showed biased expression from the maternal allele (PMID:8267611). [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

zinc-activated ligand-gated ion channel-like

ubiquitin specific peptidase 17-like family member 30

Enables RNA binding activity; cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity; and hyaluronic acid binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process and protein deubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

zinc finger protein 717-like

UPF0607 protein ENSP00000381514-like

paired-like homeobox 2a

The protein encoded by this gene contains a paired-like homeodomain most similar to that of the Drosophila aristaless gene product. The encoded protein plays a central role in development of the autonomic nervous system. It regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, two catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzymes essential for the differentiation and maintenance of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter phenotype. The encoded protein has also been shown to regulate transcription of the alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

paired-like homeobox 2b

The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins localized to the nucleus. The protein functions as a transcription factor involved in the development of several major noradrenergic neuron populations and the determination of neurotransmitter phenotype. The gene product is linked to enhancement of second messenger-mediated activation of the dopamine beta-hydroylase, c-fos promoters and several enhancers, including cyclic amp-response element and serum-response element. Expansion of a 20 amino acid polyalanine tract in this protein by 5-13 aa has been associated with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

endogenous retrovirus group K member 8 Gag polyprotein-like

40S ribosomal protein SA-like

golgin subfamily A member 6-like protein 1

poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase-like

CDC-like kinase 2, pseudogene 1

seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)-like

Predicted to be involved in regulation of protein kinase C signaling and synapse maturation. Predicted to act upstream of or within activation of protein kinase C activity; adult locomotory behavior; and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Predicted to be active in several cellular components, including glutamatergic synapse; neuronal cell body; and postsynaptic membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DMRT-like family B with proline-rich C-terminal, 1

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in germ cell development; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; and sex differentiation. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

adhesive plaque matrix protein-like

basic salivary proline-rich protein 2-like

Krueppel-like factor 17

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 7-like

collagen alpha-1(III) chain-like

collagen alpha-2(I) chain-like

putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8

ribosomal protein L36a-like

Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein, which shares sequence similarity with yeast ribosomal protein L44, belongs to the L44E (L36AE) family of ribosomal proteins. This gene and the human gene officially named ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A) encode nearly identical proteins; however, they are distinct genes. Although the name of this gene has been referred to as ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A), its official name is ribosomal protein L36a-like (RPL36AL). As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

atherin-like

polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like 5

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity and transferase activity. Involved in spermatid development. Predicted to be located in late endosome membrane. Predicted to be active in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like 6

Enables polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity. Involved in protein O-linked glycosylation via threonine. Predicted to be located in Golgi membrane. Predicted to be active in Golgi apparatus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative PGM5-like protein 1

cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation protein 1-like

IGF-like family receptor 1 pseudogene

formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase N-terminal like

Predicted to enable folic acid binding activity and transferase activity. Located in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

limb development membrane protein 1-like

Enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity. Involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and signal transduction. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tripartite motif family-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the tri-partite motif (TRIM) family of proteins. This protein may be regulated by the tumor suppressor p53 and may regulate p53 through the enhancement of p53 SUMOylation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

tripartite motif family-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a tripartite motif family protein with similarities to E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases. While the function of the encoded protein has not been determined, the orthologous protein in mouse has been shown to bind ubiquitin-specific protease 5 and is involved in the blastocyst development stage. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

protein GVQW1-like

glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1 protein-like

double homeobox 4 like 7

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 6

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 5

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 4

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 3

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 2

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

double homeobox 4 like 9

Enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding activity. Involved in cell population proliferation and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

double homeobox 4 like 8

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein-like 1

Enables cadherin binding activity. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

peptidylprolyl isomerase (cyclophilin)-like 4 pseudogene

TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of RNA-binding proteins, has three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), and binds adenine and uridine-rich elements in mRNA and pre-mRNAs of a wide range of genes. It regulates various activities including translational control, splicing and apoptosis. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The different isoforms have been show to function differently with respect to post-transcriptional silencing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 17A pseudogene

cadherin-related family member 4-like

chorionic somatomammotropin hormone-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. Although the five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity, they are expressed selectively in different tissues. This particular family member is expressed in placental villi, although it was originally thought to be a pseudogene. In fact, alternative splicing suggests that the majority of the transcripts would be unable to express a secreted protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

REX1, RNA exonuclease 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)-like 9, pseudogene

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 1

Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (EPB41) is a multifunctional protein that mediates interactions between the erythrocyte cytoskeleton and the overlying plasma membrane. The encoded protein binds and stabilizes D2 and D3 dopamine receptors at the neuronal plasma membrane. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3

Predicted to enable cytoskeletal protein-membrane anchor activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of cytoskeleton. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including nervous system development; paranodal junction maintenance; and protein localization to axon. Located in cell-cell junction and plasma membrane. Implicated in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. Biomarker of meningioma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 2

Predicted to enable PH domain binding activity; cytoskeletal protein binding activity; and structural molecule activity. Involved in positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex. Located in several cellular components, including cell cortex; cell junction; and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 5

Predicted to enable cytoskeletal protein binding activity and protein domain specific binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actomyosin structure organization. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including chordate embryonic development; embryonic foregut morphogenesis; and mesoderm morphogenesis. Located in cytosol; nucleoplasm; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

olfactory receptor 4F6-like

BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like

ubiquitin fusion degradation 1 like (yeast)

The protein encoded by this gene forms a complex with two other proteins, nuclear protein localization-4 and valosin-containing protein, and this complex is necessary for the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. In addition, this complex controls the disassembly of the mitotic spindle and the formation of a closed nuclear envelope after mitosis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Catch 22 syndrome as well as cardiac and craniofacial defects. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009]

protein FAM218A-like

small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 pseudogene

ets variant 3-like

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kielin/chordin-like protein

Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway. Predicted to act upstream of or within hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. Predicted to be active in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 27, pseudogene

NIF3 NGG1 interacting factor 3-like 1 (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

calcineurin-like EF-hand protein 1 pseudogene

This locus on chromosome 6q25.3 represents a single-exon transcribed pseudogene of the multi-exon calcium binding protein P22 gene which resides on chromosome 15q13.3. This pseudogene is situated within an intron region of the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor gene (IGF2R). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1-like 4

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be located in nucleoplasm. Predicted to be part of U2AF complex and spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nudE neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1

Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in chromosome segregation; positive regulation of GTPase activity; and regulation of intracellular protein transport. Located in kinetochore. Biomarker of schizophrenia. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

PLAC8-like 1

SP140 nuclear body protein-like

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

glycine-N-acyltransferase-like 2 pseudogene

splicing factor 45-like

double homeobox protein 4-like

unkempt family zinc finger-like

This gene encodes a RING finger protein that may function in Rac signaling. It can bind to Brg/Brm-associated factor 60b and can promote its ubiquitination. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 13 like

IASPP is one of the most evolutionarily conserved inhibitors of p53 (TP53; MIM 191170), whereas ASPP1 (MIM 606455) and ASPP2 (MIM 602143) are activators of p53.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

transmembrane channel-like 5

Predicted to enable mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity. Predicted to be involved in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KIAA0895-like pseudogene

periphilin-1-like

PRAME family member-like

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Predicted to be involved in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Predicted to be part of Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ig kappa chain V-I region Walker-like

growth arrest-specific 2 like 1

This gene encodes a member of the growth arrest-specific 2 protein family. This protein binds components of the cytoskeleton and may be involved in mediating interactions between microtubules and microfilaments. This protein localizes to the proximal end of mature centrioles and links centrosomes to both microtubules and actin. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 9. [provided by RefSeq, May 2018]

growth arrest-specific 2 like 3

Enables actin binding activity and microtubule binding activity. Involved in actin cytoskeleton organization and microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Located in actin cytoskeleton and microtubule cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

growth arrest-specific 2 like 2

The protein encoded by this gene appears to crosslink microtubules and microfilaments and may be part of the cytoskeleton. This gene is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

hematological and neurological expressed 1-like

Involved in endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell and regulation of calcium-mediated signaling. Located in cytosol; nucleus; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

breakpoint cluster region protein-like

ferredoxin 1-like pseudogene

protein FAM188B2-like

espin-like

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity. Predicted to be involved in actin filament bundle assembly and sensory perception of sound. Predicted to be located in stereocilium tip. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 3

polycystin-1-like

This locus represents naturally-occurring readthrough transcription between two unprocessed pseudogenes, PKD1P6 (polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) pseudogene 6) and NPIPP1 (nuclear pore complex interacting protein pseudogene 1). The individual pseudogene loci are not curated as transcribed regions. Readthrough transcripts likely do not encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

FSHD region gene 2 family, member C-like

activator of 90 kDa heat shock protein ATPase homolog 2-like

aminopeptidase-like 1

Predicted to enable peptidase activity. Predicted to be involved in proteolysis. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

calmin (calponin-like, transmembrane)

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of cell population proliferation and nuclear migration. Predicted to act upstream of or within neuron projection development. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be part of meiotic nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nuclear outer membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CXADR-like membrane protein

This gene encodes a type I transmembrane protein that is localized to junctional complexes between endothelial and epithelial cells and may have a role in cell-cell adhesion. Expression of this gene in white adipose tissue is implicated in adipocyte maturation and development of obesity. This gene is also essential for normal intestinal development and mutations in the gene are associated with congenital short bowel syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

additional sex combs like transcriptional regulator 1

This gene is similar to the Drosophila additional sex combs gene, which encodes a chromatin-binding protein required for normal determination of segment identity in the developing embryo. The protein is a member of the Polycomb group of proteins, which are necessary for the maintenance of stable repression of homeotic and other loci. The protein is thought to disrupt chromatin in localized areas, enhancing transcription of certain genes while repressing the transcription of other genes. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a ligand-dependent co-activator for retinoic acid receptor in cooperation with nuclear receptor coactivator 1. Mutations in this gene are associated with myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

additional sex combs like transcriptional regulator 3

This gene encodes a protein containing a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger domain that plays a role in the regulation of gene transcription. The encoded protein has been shown to negatively regulate lipogenesis by binding to and inhibiting the transcriptional activity of two nuclear hormone receptors, oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha (LXRalpha) and thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRbeta). The encoded protein may also inhibit histone deubiquitination. Mutations in this gene have been identified in human patients with Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome, which is characterized by feeding difficulties, developmental delay and other features. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

additional sex combs like transcriptional regulator 2

This gene encodes a member of a family of epigenetic regulators that bind various histone-modifying enzymes and are involved in the assembly of transcription factors at specific genomic loci. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with cancer in several tissue types (breast, bladder, pancreas, ovary, prostate, and blood). This gene plays an important role in neurodevelopment, cardiac function, adipogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 2 pseudogene

casein kinase 1, alpha 1-like

Predicted to enable protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway and signal transduction. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phosducin-like

Phosducin-like protein is a putative modulator of heterotrimeric G proteins. The protein shares extensive amino acid sequence homology with phosducin, a phosphoprotein expressed in retina and pineal gland. Both phosducin-like protein and phosphoducin have been shown to regulate G-protein signaling by binding to the beta-gamma subunits of G proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NANOG neighbor homeobox-like

dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6-like

C3 and PZP-like, alpha-2-macroglobulin domain containing 8 pseudogene

rhophilin-2-like

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3-like

laminin subunit beta-2-like

putative POM121-like protein 1

protein FRG1B-like

coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor-like

crystallin, zeta (quinone reductase)-like 1

This gene encodes a protein that has sequence similarity to zeta crystallin, also known as quinone oxidoreductase. This zeta crystallin-like protein also contains an NAD(P)H binding site. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed but their full-length nature has not been completely determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 20A2-like

signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 1

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity; actin filament binding activity; and protein kinase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including activation of GTPase activity; ephrin receptor signaling pathway; and regulation of postsynapse organization. Located in actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 2

This gene encodes a member of the signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like family. Members of this family contain a GTPase activating domain, a PDZ domain and a C-terminal coiled-coil domain with a leucine zipper. A similar protein in rat acts as a GTPases for the small GTPase Rap. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

immunoglobulin kappa deleting element or like

suppressor of var1, 3-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)

Enables helicase activity; nucleic acid binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in several processes, including mitochondrial RNA 3'-end processing; mitochondrial RNA surveillance; and positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process. Located in mitochondrial nucleoid and nucleus. Part of mitochondrial degradosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lectin, mannose-binding, 1 like

This gene encodes a mannose-binding type 1 transmembrane protein that contains an N-terminal lectin-like carbohydrate recognition domain. The encoded protein is similar in structure to lectins found in leguminous plants. This lectin is thought to transport newly synthesized glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region-like

This gene encodes a member of the suppressor of hairless protein family. A similar protein in mouse is a transcription factor that binds to DNA sequences almost identical to that bound by the Notch receptor signaling pathway transcription factor recombining binding protein J. The mouse protein has been shown to activate transcription in concert with Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain containing 1

Involved in ERAD pathway. Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including centrosome; postsynaptic membrane; and recycling endosome. Predicted to be active in postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain containing 2

Predicted to be involved in ERAD pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KIAA1324-like

Predicted to enable BMP receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of nervous system development; positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway; and positive regulation of epidermis development. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

insulin-like 5

The protein encoded by this gene contains a classical signature of the insulin superfamily and is highly similar to relaxin 3 (RLN3/INSL7). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

insulin-like 4 (placenta)

INSL4 encodes the insulin-like 4 protein, a member of the insulin superfamily. INSL4 encodes a precursor that undergoes post-translational cleavage to produce 3 polypeptide chains, A-C, that form tertiary structures composed of either all three chains, or just the A and B chains. Expression of INSL4 products occurs within the early placental cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

insulin-like 6

The protein encoded by this gene contains a classical signature of the insulin superfamily and is significantly similar to relaxin and relaxin-like factor. This gene is preferentially expressed in testis. Its expression in testis is restricted to interstitial cells surrounding seminiferous tubules, which suggests a role in sperm development and fertilization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

insulin-like 3 (Leydig cell)

This gene encodes a member of the insulin-like hormone superfamily. The encoded protein is mainly produced in gonadal tissues. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this gene may be involved in the development of urogenital tract and female fertility. This protein may also act as a hormone to regulate growth and differentiation of gubernaculum, and thus mediating intra-abdominal testicular descent. Mutations in this gene may lead to cryptorchidism. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1

D(1B) dopamine receptor-like

clusterin-like 1 (retinal)

Predicted to enable misfolded protein binding activity. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

golgin A6 family-like 6

kelch-like family member 10

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the kelch repeat-containing family, and contains an N-terminal BTB/POZ domain a BACK domain and six C-terminal kelch repeats. Kelch domains are thought to form a four stranded beta-sheet blade structure that can fold into a beta-propeller domain when multiple kelch repeats are found together. Mutations in this gene have been associated with oligozoospermia in some infertile males. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

kelch-like family member 11

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Predicted to be involved in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be part of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kelch-like family member 12

This gene encodes a member of the KLHL (Kelch-like) family of proteins. This protein has been identified as an autoantigen in the autoimmune disease Sjogren's syndrome and as a potential biomarker in primary biliary cirrhosis. This protein may act as a substrate adaptor of the Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase complex to promote substrate-specific ubiquitylation. Ubiquitylation by this complex has been shown to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway as well as COPII vesicle coat size. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 22. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

kelch-like family member 13

This gene encodes a BTB and kelch domain containing protein and belongs to the kelch repeat domain containing superfamily of proteins. The encoded protein functions as an adaptor protein that complexes with Cullin 3 and other proteins to form the Cullin 3-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. This complex is necessary for proper chromosome segregation and completion of cytokinesis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

kelch-like family member 14

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Kelch-like gene family, whose members contain a BTB/POZ domain, a BACK domain, and several Kelch domains. The encoded protein possesses six Kelch domains and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it interacts with torsin-1A. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

kelch-like family member 15

This gene encodes a member of the kelch-like family of proteins that share a common domain structure consisting of an N-terminal broad-complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger domain and C-terminal kelch repeat motifs. The encoded protein may be involved in protein ubiquitination and cytoskeletal organization. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

kelch-like family member 17

The protein encoded by this gene is expressed in neurons of most regions of the brain. It contains an N-terminal BTB domain, which mediates dimerization of the protein, and a C-terminal Kelch domain, which mediates binding to F-actin. This protein may play a key role in the regulation of actin-based neuronal function. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

kelch-like family member 18

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Involved in positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition and protein ubiquitination. Predicted to be part of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene

zinc finger protein 530-like

golgin A6 family-like 12, pseudogene

glutathione S-transferase theta-4-like

STE20-like kinase

Enables protein homodimerization activity and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including cytoplasmic microtubule organization; protein autophosphorylation; and regulation of focal adhesion assembly. Located in perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Src-like-adaptor

Predicted to enable epidermal growth factor receptor binding activity and phosphotyrosine residue binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of MAPK cascade and signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be part of COP9 signalosome. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm; nucleoplasm; and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NEDD4 binding protein 2-like 1

NEDD4 binding protein 2-like 2

Enables enzyme binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. Located in nucleus. Part of transcription repressor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TPT1-like protein

shugoshin-like 1 (S. pombe) pseudogene 2

dynamin-1-like

tumor protein D52-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the tumor protein D52-like family. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal coiled-coil motif that is used to form homo- and heteromeric complexes with other tumor protein D52-like proteins. Expression of this gene may be a marker for breast cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

tumor protein D52-like 3

This gene encodes a member of the tumor protein D52-like family of proteins. These proteins are characterized by an N-terminal coiled-coil motif that is used to form homo- and heteromeric complexes with other tumor protein D52-like proteins. The encoded protein may play a role in spermatogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

tumor protein D52-like 1

This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that contain coiled-coil domains and may form hetero- or homomers. The encoded protein is involved in cell proliferation and calcium signaling. It also interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5/ASK1) and positively regulates MAP3K5-induced apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

calcyphosine-like

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

postmeiotic segregation increased 2-like protein 5

mitofusin-1-like

myeloid-associated differentiation marker-like 2

Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal modification protein rimK-like family member A

Predicted to enable N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in glutamine family amino acid metabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal modification protein rimK-like family member B

Predicted to enable N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate ligase activity and citrate-L-glutamate ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in glutamine family amino acid metabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA terminal phosphate cyclase-like 1 pseudogene

phenazine biosynthesis-like protein domain containing

Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium. Acts upstream of or within with a positive effect on negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway. Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 23-like

putative HERC2-like protein 3

atherin-like

RBBP8 N-terminal like

Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ig heavy chain V-III region VH26-like

double C2-like domains, gamma, pseudogene

Predicted to act upstream of or within spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6-like

ataxin 3-like

This intronless gene may be a pseudogene (PMID:11450850). This gene is similar to the multi-exon gene which encodes ataxin 3 and contains a coding region which could encode a protein similar to ataxin 3. Mutations in the gene encoding ataxin 3 are associated with Machado-Joseph disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

collagen alpha-1(I) chain-like

killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, X1

Predicted to be involved in immune response-regulating signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

retinal degeneration 3-like

cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5-like

calcineurin-like EF-hand protein 1

This gene encodes a phosphoprotein that binds to the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1. This protein serves as an essential cofactor which supports the physiological activity of NHE family members and may play a role in the mitogenic regulation of NHE1. The protein shares similarity with calcineurin B and calmodulin and it is also known to be an endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nucleoporin like 1 pseudogene 1

mucin-2-like

ring finger and FYVE-like domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

Enables enzyme binding activity; p53 binding activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity; negative regulation of signal transduction; and protein K48-linked ubiquitination. Located in endosome membrane and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ubiquitin specific peptidase 17-like family member 3

Predicted to enable cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of apoptotic process and regulation of protein stability. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum. Predicted to be active in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein

chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4-like

SKI-like proto-oncogene

The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the SMAD pathway, which regulates cell growth and differentiation through transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB). In the absence of ligand, the encoded protein binds to the promoter region of TGFB-responsive genes and recruits a nuclear repressor complex. TGFB signaling causes SMAD3 to enter the nucleus and degrade this protein, allowing these genes to be activated. Four transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

proline-rich receptor-like protein kinase PERK2

heat shock 70kDa protein 4-like

The protein encoded by this gene is heat shock inducible and may act as a chaperone. The encoded protein can protect the heat-shocked cell against the harmful effects of aggregated proteins. This gene is highly expressed in leukemia cells and may be a good target for therapeutic intervention. Several transcripts encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 3-like

The Integrator complex contains at least 12 subunits and associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II large subunit (POLR2A; MIM 180660) and mediates the 3-prime end processing of small nuclear RNAs U1 (RNU1; MIM 180680) and U2 (RNU2; MIM 180690). INTS11, or CPSF3L, is the catalytic subunit of the Integrator complex (Baillat et al., 2005 [PubMed 16239144]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ret finger protein-like 4B

Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including defense response to symbiont; negative regulation of viral entry into host cell; and negative regulation of viral transcription. Predicted to be active in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ret finger protein-like 4A

Predicted to enable protein homodimerization activity; protein kinase binding activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including positive regulation of autophagy; positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; and regulation of viral entry into host cell. Predicted to be located in female germ cell nucleus. Predicted to be active in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1

Predicted to enable dynein light intermediate chain binding activity and small GTPase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including epithelial cell morphogenesis; nitric oxide mediated signal transduction; and protein transport from ciliary membrane to plasma membrane. Located in cytosol; nucleoplasm; and plasma membrane. Implicated in oculopharyngodistal myopathy 4. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 2

This gene encodes a protein that contains a rab-interacting lysosomal protein-like domain. This protein may be involved in regulating lysosome morphology. This protein may also be a target for the Hepatitis C virus and assist in viral replication. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like 3 (C. elegans)

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like 2 (C. elegans)

Predicted to be involved in ERAD pathway. Located in cilium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 1-like

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

collagen alpha-2(I) chain-like

COMM domain-containing protein 5-like

ice-structuring glycoprotein-like

CASP-like protein 4A1

NFKB inhibitor interacting Ras-like 2

Predicted to enable GTPase activating protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in Ral protein signal transduction. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including lung alveolus development; regulation of signal transduction; and surfactant homeostasis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NFKB inhibitor interacting Ras-like 1

Predicted to enable GTPase activating protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in Ral protein signal transduction. Predicted to act upstream of or within lung alveolus development; regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway; and surfactant homeostasis. Located in cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene

GATS protein-like 3

Enables several functions, including arginine binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and protein sequestering activity. Involved in cellular response to L-arginine; cellular response to amino acid starvation; and regulation of TORC1 signaling. Located in GATOR2 complex and cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

GATS protein-like 2

Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of TORC1 signaling. Located in GATOR2 complex and cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 3-like

BCL2-like 15

Predicted to be involved in apoptotic process and regulation of apoptotic process. Predicted to be active in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

BCL2-like 14 (apoptosis facilitator)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. Overexpression of this gene has been shown to induce apoptosis in cells. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

BCL2-like 11 (apoptosis facilitator)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL-2 protein family. BCL-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The protein encoded by this gene contains a Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3). It has been shown to interact with other members of the BCL-2 protein family and to act as an apoptotic activator. The expression of this gene can be induced by nerve growth factor (NGF), as well as by the forkhead transcription factor FKHR-L1, which suggests a role of this gene in neuronal and lymphocyte apoptosis. Transgenic studies of the mouse counterpart suggested that this gene functions as an essential initiator of apoptosis in thymocyte-negative selection. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

BCL2-like 10 (apoptosis facilitator)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL-2 protein family. BCL-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The protein encoded by this gene contains conserved BH4, BH1 and BH2 domains. This protein can interact with other members of BCL-2 protein family including BCL2, BCL2L1/BCL-X(L), and BAX. Overexpression of this gene has been shown to suppress cell apoptosis possibly through the prevention of cytochrome C release from the mitochondria, and thus activating caspase-3 activation. The mouse counterpart of this protein is found to interact with Apaf1 and forms a protein complex with Caspase 9, which suggests the involvement of this protein in APAF1 and CASPASE 9 related apoptotic pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

BCL2-like 13 (apoptosis facilitator)

This gene encodes a mitochondrially-localized protein with conserved B-cell lymphoma 2 homology motifs. Overexpression of the encoded protein results in apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

BCL2-like 12 (proline rich)

This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins containing a Bcl-2 homology domain 2 (BH2). The encoded protein is an anti-apoptotic factor that acts as an inhibitor of caspases 3 and 7 in the cytoplasm. In the nucleus, it binds to the p53 tumor suppressor protein, preventing its association with target genes. Overexpression of this gene has been detected in a number of different cancers. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

family with sequence similarity 27-like

skin secretory protein xP2-like

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 like

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein similar to polypeptides 1 and 2 of subunit VIIa in the C-terminal region, and also highly similar to the mouse Sig81 protein sequence. This gene is expressed in all tissues, and upregulated in a breast cancer cell line after estrogen treatment. It is possible that this gene represents a regulatory subunit of COX and mediates the higher level of energy production in target cells by estrogen. Several transcript variants, some protein-coding and others non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

receptor-like tyrosine kinase

The protein encoded by this gene is an atypical member of the family of growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinases, differing from other members at a number of conserved residues in the activation and nucleotide binding domains. This gene product belongs to a subfamily whose members do not appear to be regulated by phosphorylation in the activation segment. It has been suggested that mediation of biological activity by recruitment of a signaling-competent auxiliary protein may occur through an as yet uncharacterized mechanism. The encoded protein has a leucine-rich extracellular domain with a WIF-type Wnt binding region, a single transmembrane domain, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. This protein is involved in stimulating Wnt signaling pathways such as the regulation of axon pathfinding. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

POM121 transmembrane nucleoporin-like 4 pseudogene

small integral membrane protein 12-like

tyrosinase-like (pseudogene)

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

basic proline-rich protein-like

transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4-like

visinin-like 1

This gene is a member of the visinin/recoverin subfamily of neuronal calcium sensor proteins. The encoded protein is strongly expressed in granule cells of the cerebellum where it associates with membranes in a calcium-dependent manner and modulates intracellular signaling pathways of the central nervous system by directly or indirectly regulating the activity of adenylyl cyclase. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

STARD3 N-terminal like

This gene encodes a late-endosomal protein that contains a conserved MENTAL (MLN64 N-terminal) domain. The encoded protein binds cholesterol molecules and may play a role in endosomal cholesterol transport through interactions with metastatic lymph node protein 64 (MLN64). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

ERO1-like (S. cerevisiae)

Enables oxidoreductase activity. Involved in cell redox homeostasis and chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding. Located in Golgi lumen; endoplasmic reticulum; and extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Cbl proto-oncogene-like 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin-ligase for the E-cadherin complex and mediates its ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation in the lysosomes. The encoded protein contains a RING-finger domain and is also thought to have a role in control of cell proliferation. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome X. Alternative splicing results in a non-coding transcript variant. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ret finger protein-like 4A

MT-RNR2-like 8

Predicted to enable receptor antagonist activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

necdin-like 2

The protein encoded by this gene is part of the SMC5-6 chromatin reorganizing complex and is a member of the MAGE superfamily. This is an intronless gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

MT-RNR2-like 3

Predicted to enable receptor antagonist activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MT-RNR2-like 2

Predicted to enable receptor antagonist activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MT-RNR2-like 1

Predicted to enable receptor antagonist activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MT-RNR2-like 7

Predicted to enable receptor antagonist activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MT-RNR2-like 6

Predicted to enable receptor antagonist activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MT-RNR2-like 5

Predicted to enable receptor antagonist activity. Involved in cellular response to staurosporine; negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis; and negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process. Predicted to be located in extracellular region and mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MT-RNR2-like 4

Predicted to enable receptor antagonist activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

FRY-like

Predicted to be involved in cell morphogenesis and neuron projection development. Predicted to be active in cell cortex and site of polarized growth. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1

The preB cell receptor is found on the surface of proB and preB cells, where it is involved in transduction of signals for cellular proliferation, differentiation from the proB cell to the preB cell stage, allelic exclusion at the Ig heavy chain gene locus, and promotion of Ig light chain gene rearrangements. The preB cell receptor is composed of a membrane-bound Ig mu heavy chain in association with a heterodimeric surrogate light chain. This gene encodes one of the surrogate light chain subunits and is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. This gene does not undergo rearrangement. Mutations in this gene can result in B cell deficiency and agammaglobulinemia, an autosomal recessive disease in which few or no gamma globulins or antibodies are made. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 5

This gene encodes one of the immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptides. It is located within the immunoglobulin lambda locus but it does not require somatic rearrangement for expression. The first exon of this gene is unrelated to immunoglobulin variable genes; the second and third exons are the immunoglobulin lambda joining 1 and the immunoglobulin lambda constant 1 gene segments. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

nuclear prelamin A recognition factor-like

Predicted to enable 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding activity and metal ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including intracellular oxygen homeostasis; iron-sulfur cluster assembly; and response to hypoxia. Part of cytosolic [4Fe-4S] assembly targeting complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 30B-like

serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 3-like

ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 33B-like

death associated protein-like 1

Predicted to enable ribosome binding activity; translation initiation factor binding activity; and translation repressor activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including cellular response to amino acid starvation; negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation; and negative regulation of metabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within cell population proliferation and gene expression. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

neurofibromin-like

espin-like

TBC1 domain family member-like

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

collagen alpha-1(I) chain-like

eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit A-like

ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 6

Modification of proteins with ubiquitin (UBB; MIM 191339) or ubiquitin-like proteins controls many signaling networks and requires a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and a ubiquitin protein ligase (E3). UBE1L2 is an E1 enzyme that initiates the activation and conjugation of ubiquitin-like proteins (Jin et al., 2007 [PubMed 17597759]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 5

This gene encodes a member of the E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme family. This protein activates ubiquitin-fold modifier 1, a ubiquitin-like post-translational modifier protein, via the formation of a high-energy thioester bond. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2

Posttranslational modification of proteins by the addition of the small protein SUMO (see SUMO1; MIM 601912), or sumoylation, regulates protein structure and intracellular localization. SAE1 (MIM 613294) and UBA2 form a heterodimer that functions as a SUMO-activating enzyme for the sumoylation of proteins (Okuma et al., 1999 [PubMed 9920803]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2010]

ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 3

The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme family. The encoded enzyme associates with AppBp1, an amyloid beta precursor protein binding protein, to form a heterodimer, and then the enzyme complex activates NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like protein, which regulates cell division, signaling and embryogenesis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the first step in ubiquitin conjugation to mark cellular proteins for degradation. This gene complements an X-linked mouse temperature-sensitive defect in DNA synthesis, and thus may function in DNA repair. It is part of a gene cluster on chromosome Xp11.23. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

putative uncharacterized protein FLJ37770-like

serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 1-like

reprimo-like

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

extracellular matrix protein 2-like

formin-like protein 5

Ig lambda chain V region 4A-like

histone H2B type 1-F/J/L-like

bcl-2-binding component 3-like

katanin p80 subunit B-like 1

Predicted to enable microtubule binding activity. Involved in cytoplasmic microtubule organization and positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization. Located in several cellular components, including cleavage furrow; mitotic spindle pole; and nuclear lumen. Part of katanin complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SVOP-like

The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a member of solute carrier family 22, which includes transmembrane proteins that transport toxins and drugs from the body. This gene is a paralog of the SVOP gene that encodes synaptic vesicle 2-related protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

keratin-associated protein 21-1-like

coiled-coil domain-containing protein 29-like

UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like protein 1

USP6 N-terminal like

Enables GTPase activator activity and small GTPase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including plasma membrane to endosome transport; positive regulation of GTPase activity; and retrograde transport, plasma membrane to Golgi. Located in cytoplasmic vesicle and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 30, pseudogene

v-crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog-like

This gene encodes a protein kinase containing SH2 and SH3 (src homology) domains which has been shown to activate the RAS and JUN kinase signaling pathways and transform fibroblasts in a RAS-dependent fashion. It is a substrate of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, plays a role in fibroblast transformation by BCR-ABL, and may be oncogenic.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

URI1, prefoldin-like chaperone pseudogene

TSPY-like 4

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity and histone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in nucleosome assembly. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TSPY-like 5

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity and histone binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to gamma radiation; positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction; and positive regulation of protein ubiquitination. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TSPY-like 6

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity and histone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in nucleosome assembly. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TSPY-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleolus and is similar to that of a family of genes on the Y-chromosome. This gene is intronless. Defects in this gene are a cause of sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome (SIDDT). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

TSPY-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the testis-specific protein Y-encoded, TSPY-like/SET/nucleosome assembly protein-1 superfamily. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleolus where it functions in chromatin remodeling and as an inhibitor of cell-cycle progression. This protein may play a role in the suppression of tumor growth. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

atrophin-1-like

numb homolog (Drosophila)-like

Involved in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and glutamatergic synapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4 pseudogene 2

glycine-N-acyltransferase-like 1 pseudogene 1

lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6F, pseudogene

ubiquitin-like 4A

Enables protein-folding chaperone binding activity. Involved in establishment of protein localization to membrane; regulation of protein stability; and ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Located in cytosol; membrane; and nucleoplasm. Part of BAT3 complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 16 (gene/pseudogene)

Predicted to enable sialic acid binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of defense response to bacterium and positive regulation of interleukin-6 production. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 14

Predicted to enable sialic acid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell adhesion. Predicted to be located in ficolin-1-rich granule membrane and tertiary granule membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 15

Predicted to be involved in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization; regulation of bone resorption; and regulation of osteoclast development. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be part of protein-containing complex. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 12 (gene/pseudogene)

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (SIGLECs) are a family of cell surface proteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. They mediate protein-carbohydrate interactions by selectively binding to different sialic acid moieties present on glycolipids and glycoproteins. This gene encodes a member of the SIGLEC3-like subfamily of SIGLECs. Members of this subfamily are characterized by an extracellular V-set immunoglobulin-like domain followed by two C2-set immunoglobulin-like domains, and the cytoplasmic tyrosine-based motifs ITIM and SLAM-like. The encoded protein, upon tyrosine phosphorylation, has been shown to recruit the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2. It has been suggested that the protein is involved in the negative regulation of macrophage signaling by functioning as an inhibitory receptor. This gene is located in a cluster with other SIGLEC3-like genes on 19q13.4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 10

SIGLECs are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily that are expressed on the cell surface. Most SIGLECs have 1 or more cytoplasmic immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, or ITIMs. SIGLECs are typically expressed on cells of the innate immune system, with the exception of the B-cell expressed SIGLEC6 (MIM 604405).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002]

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 11

This gene encodes a member of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin family. These cell surface lectins are characterized by structural motifs in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and sialic acid recognition sites in the first Ig V set domain. This family member mediates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signaling. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 4

NCK-associated protein 5-like

Involved in microtubule bundle formation and microtubule depolymerization. Located in centrosome and microtubule plus-end. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210-like

DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G-like

D-dopachrome tautomerase-like

basic salivary proline-rich protein 2-like

histone H3.3-like

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4-like 1

This gene is one of several cytokine genes that are clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins that function in inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes. The protein encoded by this family member is similar to the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 product, which inhibits HIV entry by binding to the cellular receptor CCR5. The copy number of this gene varies among individuals, where most individuals have one to five copies. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4-like 2

This gene is one of several cytokine genes that are clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins that function in inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes. The protein encoded by this family member is similar to the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 product, which inhibits HIV entry by binding to the cellular receptor CCR5. The copy number of this gene varies among individuals, where most individuals have one to five copies. This gene copy contains a non-consensus splice acceptor site at the 3' terminal exon found in other highly similar gene copies, and it thus uses other alternative splice sites for the 3' terminal exon, resulting in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase-like 1

Enables N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine synthase activity. Involved in tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification. Is active in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

synaptophysin-like 1 pseudogene

Fc receptor-like 1

This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin receptor superfamily and is one of several Fc receptor-like glycoproteins clustered on the long arm of chromosome 1. The encoded protein contains three extracellular C2-like immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain with two immunoreceptor-tyrosine activation motifs. This protein may play a role in the regulation of cancer cell growth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

Fc receptor-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin receptor superfamily and is one of several Fc receptor-like glycoproteins clustered on the long arm of chromosome 1. The encoded protein has four extracellular C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain that contains one immunoreceptor-tyrosine activation motif and two immunoreceptor-tyrosine inhibitory motifs. This protein may be a prognostic marker for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

Fc receptor-like 3

This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin receptor superfamily and is one of several Fc receptor-like glycoproteins clustered on the long arm of chromosome 1. The encoded protein contains immunoreceptor-tyrosine activation motifs and immunoreceptor-tyrosine inhibitory motifs in its cytoplasmic domain and may play a role in regulation of the immune system. Mutations in this gene have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroid disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

Fc receptor-like 4

This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin receptor superfamily and is one of several Fc receptor-like glycoproteins clustered on the long arm of chromosome 1. The encoded protein has four extracellular C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain that contains three immune-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. This protein may play a role in the function of memory B-cells in the epithelia. Aberrations in the chromosomal region encoding this gene are associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

Fc receptor-like 6

Enables MHC class II protein binding activity and protein phosphatase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell surface receptor signaling pathway and immune response. Located in external side of plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Fc receptor-like A

This gene encodes a protein similar to receptors for the Fc fragment of gamma immunoglobulin (IgG). These receptors, referred to as FCGRs, mediate the destruction of IgG-coated antigens and of cells induced by antibodies. This encoded protein is selectively expressed in B cells, and may be involved in their development. This protein may also be involved in the development of lymphomas. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

Fc receptor-like B

FCRL2 belongs to the Fc receptor family. Fc receptors are involved in phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, immediate hypersensitivity, and transcytosis of immunoglobulins via their ability to bind immunoglobulin (Ig) constant regions (Chikaev et al., 2005 [PubMed 15676285]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

tubulin beta-7 chain-like

GDNF family receptor alpha like

Enables glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity and receptor tyrosine kinase binding activity. Involved in GDF15-GFRAL signaling pathway; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; and positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction. Located in several cellular components, including actin cytoskeleton; focal adhesion; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like 3, pseudogene

TREML3 is located in a gene cluster on chromosome 6 with the single Ig variable (IgV) domain activating receptors TREM1 (MIM 605085) and TREM2 (MIM 605086), but it has distinct structural and functional properties (Allcock et al., 2003 [PubMed 12645956]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese)-like domain containing 1 pseudogene

eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-like 1

Predicted to enable translation elongation factor activity. Predicted to be involved in translational elongation. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

golgin A6 family-like 19

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1-like 2 pseudogene

Skint-like, pseudogene

signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF-like 2

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity; hedgehog family protein binding activity; and lipid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis; positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation; and positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in cell surface and extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF-like 3

This gene encodes a member of the signal peptide, complement subcomponents C1r/C1s, Uegf, bone morphogenetic protein-1 and epidermal growth factor-like domain containing protein family. Overexpression of this gene in human embryonic kidney cells results in secretion of a glycosylated form of the protein that forms oligomers and tethers to the cell surface. This gene is upregulated in lung cancer tumor tissue compared to healthy tissue and is associated with loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and with increased expression of vimentin, a mesenchymal marker. In addition, the protein encoded by this gene is a transforming growth factor beta receptor ligand, and when secreted by cancer cells, it can be cleaved in vitro to release the N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like repeat domain and the C-terminal complement subcomponents C1r/C1s domain. Both the full length protein and C-terminal fragment can bind to the transforming growth factor beta type II receptor to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor angiogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF-like 1

This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein that is a member of the SCUBE (signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like protein) family. Family members have an amino-terminal signal peptide, nine copies of EGF-like repeats and a CUB domain at the carboxyl terminus. This protein is expressed in platelets and endothelial cells and may play an important role in vascular biology. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

BCL6 corepressor-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional corepressor that is found tethered to promoter regions by DNA-binding proteins. The encoded protein can interact with several different class II histone deacetylases to repress transcription. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

transmembrane protein 225-like

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

parathyroid hormone-like hormone

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the parathyroid hormone family. This hormone, via its receptor, PTHR1, regulates endochondral bone development and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during the formation of the mammary glands and teeth. It is responsible for most cases of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, and mutations in this gene are associated with brachydactyly type E2 (BDE2). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. There is also evidence for alternative translation initiation from non-AUG (CUG and GUG) start sites, downstream of the initiator AUG codon, resulting in nuclear forms of this hormone. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

double homeobox 4 like 1

This gene is located within a D4Z4 repeat array in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q. The D4Z4 repeat is polymorphic in length and a similar D4Z4 repeat array has been identified on chromosome 10. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (named DUX4) that encodes two homeoboxes; the repeat-array and ORF is conserved in other mammals. There is no evidence for transcription of the gene at this locus though RT-PCR and in vitro expression experiments indicate that a telomeric paralog of this gene is transcribed in some haplotypes. Contraction of the macrosatellite repeat causes autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 3

MORF4 family-associated protein 1-like

extracellular matrix protein 2-like

RAS-like, family 11, member B

Predicted to enable G protein activity; GTP binding activity; and transforming growth factor beta receptor binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RAS-like, family 11, member A

Predicted to enable G protein activity and GTP binding activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

double homeobox 4 like 17

double homeobox 4 like 16

double homeobox 4 like 15

double homeobox 4 like 14

double homeobox 4 like 13

double homeobox 4 like 12

double homeobox 4 like 11

double homeobox 4 like 10

double homeobox 4 like 19

double homeobox 4 like 18

immunoglobulin superfamily member 3-like

zinc finger, GATA-like protein 1

ZGLP1 encodes an evolutionary conserved transcriptional regulator with GATA-like zinc fingers. In females, it is expressed in embryonic germ cells and is essential for oogenic fate determination. It acts downstream of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and is involved in the regulation of genes involved in RNA processing, transcription and chromatin modification, retrotransposon regulation, meiotic cell cycle, and oocyte development. In males it is not required for the germ cell sex determination but is required by the spermatogonia for efficiently completing the meiotic prophase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2022]

galactosidase, beta 1-like 2

Predicted to enable beta-galactosidase activity. Predicted to be involved in galactose catabolic process. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in vacuole. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

galactosidase, beta 1-like 3

Predicted to enable beta-galactosidase activity. Predicted to be involved in galactose catabolic process. Predicted to be active in vacuole. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 9

ARL9 is a member of the small GTPase protein family with a high degree of similarity to ARF (MIM 103180) proteins of the RAS superfamily.[supplied by OMIM, Nov 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARL (ADP-ribosylation factor-like) family of proteins, which are structurally related to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). ARFs, described as activators of cholera toxin (CT) ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, regulate intracellular vesicular membrane trafficking, and stimulate a phospholipase D (PLD) isoform. Although, ARL proteins were initially thought not to activate CT or PLD, later work showed that they are weak stimulators of PLD and CT in a phospholipid dependent manner. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 3

Enables GDP binding activity; GTP binding activity; and microtubule binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cilium assembly; protein localization to cilium; and small GTPase-mediated signal transduction. Acts upstream of or within post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport. Located in several cellular components, including microtubule cytoskeleton; midbody; and photoreceptor connecting cilium. Implicated in Joubert syndrome and retinitis pigmentosa 83. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2

This gene encodes a small GTP-binding protein of the RAS superfamily which functions as an ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF). The encoded protein is one of a functionally distinct group of ARF-like genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ARF-like (ADP ribosylation factor-like) sub-family of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins which are involved in regulation of intracellular traffic. Mutations in this gene are associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). A vision-specific transcript, encoding long isoform BBS3L, has been described (PMID: 20333246). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

protein artemis-like

MLX interacting protein-like

This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor of the Myc/Max/Mad superfamily. This protein forms a heterodimeric complex and binds and activates, in a glucose-dependent manner, carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) motifs in the promoters of triglyceride synthesis genes. The gene is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at chromosome 7q11.23. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

thioredoxin-like 1

Enables disulfide oxidoreductase activity. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative aquaporin-7-like protein 3

Predicted to enable glycerol channel activity; urea transmembrane transporter activity; and water channel activity. Predicted to be involved in glycerol transmembrane transport and water transport. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in basolateral plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TAP binding protein-like

Tapasin, or TAPBP (MIM 601962), is a member of the variable-constant Ig superfamily that links major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP; see MIM 170260) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The TAPBP gene is located near the MHC complex on chromosome 6p21.3. TAPBPL is a member of the Ig superfamily that is localized on chromosome 12p13.3, a region somewhat paralogous to the MHC.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 20A2-like

coiled-coil domain-containing protein 29-like

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1-like

Nablus mask-like facial syndrome

ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 33B-like

transmembrane channel-like 6 pseudogene

serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 3-like

apolipoprotein O-like pseudogene

extensin-like

putative exonuclease GOR-like protein

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 13B

This gene encodes a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor-like family. The encoded protein is a small GTPase that contains both N-terminal and C-terminal guanine nucleotide-binding motifs. This protein is localized in the cilia and plays a role in cilia formation and in maintenance of cilia. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Joubert syndrome 8. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 13A

Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and GTPase activity. Predicted to be involved in non-motile cilium assembly and receptor localization to non-motile cilium. Predicted to be active in ciliary membrane and non-motile cilium. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

UBA-like domain containing 1

UBA-like domain containing 2

Putative SIPAR-like protein C9orf51

Predicted to enable STAT family protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phospholipase C-like 2

Enables GABA receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway; negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; and regulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission. Predicted to act upstream of or within B cell proliferation involved in immune response; B-1a B cell differentiation; and negative regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

phospholipase C-like 1

Predicted to enable GABA receptor binding activity and phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity. Predicted to be involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway; negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; and regulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

REX1, RNA exonuclease 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)-like 6, pseudogene

classical arabinogalactan protein 4-like

PARK2 co-regulated-like pseudogene

ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like

The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with several thiamine pyrophosphate-binding proteins identified in bacteria, yeast, and plants. The highest degree of similarity is found with bacterial acetolactate synthases (AHAS), which are enzymes that catalyze the first step in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

protein GVQW1-like

O-acyltransferase like, pseudogene

This gene is ancient and exists in archaea, bacteria, fungi, worms, flies, and mammals. The gene has been inactivated by mutation and is nonfunctional in humans and chimpanzees. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

coiled-coil domain containing 29-like

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 2

Enables cytidine deaminase activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island demethylation. Acts upstream of or within cytidine to uridine editing. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

UHRF1 binding protein 1-like

Enables GARP complex binding activity; lipid transfer activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in early endosome to Golgi transport and intermembrane lipid transfer. Located in cytosol and early endosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nei endonuclease VIII-like 1 (E. coli)

This gene is a member of the Nei endonuclease VIII-like gene family which encodes DNA glycosylases. The encoded enzyme participates in the DNA repair pathway by initiating base excision repair by removing damaged bases, primarily oxidized pyrimidines. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

nei endonuclease VIII-like 3 (E. coli)

NEIL3 belongs to a class of DNA glycosylases homologous to the bacterial Fpg/Nei family. These glycosylases initiate the first step in base excision repair by cleaving bases damaged by reactive oxygen species and introducing a DNA strand break via the associated lyase reaction (Bandaru et al., 2002 [PubMed 12509226]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

nei endonuclease VIII-like 2 (E. coli)

This gene encodes a member of the Fpg/Nei family of DNA glycosylases. These glycosylases initiate the first step in base excision repair by cleaving oxidatively damaged bases and introducing a DNA strand break via their abasic site lyase activity. This enzyme is primarily associated with DNA repair during transcription and acts prefentially on cytosine-derived lesions, particularly 5-hydroxyuracil and 5-hydroxycytosine. It contains an N-terminal catalytic domain, a hinge region, and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain with helix-two-turn-helix and zinc finger motifs. This enzyme interacts with the X-ray cross complementing factor 1 scaffold protein as part of a multi-protein DNA repair complex. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

citrate lyase beta like

Enables (S)-citramalyl-CoA lyase activity; magnesium ion binding activity; and malate synthase activity. Involved in protein homotrimerization and regulation of cobalamin metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

E74-like factor 2 pseudogene 2

RAD54-like (S. cerevisiae)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the DEAD-like helicase superfamily, and shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad54, a protein known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein has been shown to play a role in homologous recombination related repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The binding of this protein to double-strand DNA induces a DNA topological change, which is thought to facilitate homologous DNA paring, and stimulate DNA recombination. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4-like

mastermind-like 2 (Drosophila)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Mastermind-like family of proteins. All family members are proline and glutamine-rich, and contain a conserved basic domain that binds the ankyrin repeat domain of the intracellular domain of the Notch receptors (ICN1-4) in their N-terminus, and a transcriptional activation domain in their C-terminus. This protein binds to an extended groove that is formed by the interaction of CBF1, Suppressor of Hairless, LAG-1 (CSL) with ICN, and positively regulates Notch signaling. High levels of expression of this gene have been observed in several B cell-derived lymphomas. Translocations resulting in fusion proteins with both CRTC1 and CRTC3 have been implicated in the development of mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while a translocation event with CXCR4 has been linked with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Copy number variation in the polyglutamine tract has been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

mastermind-like 3 (Drosophila)

Enables transcription coactivator activity. Involved in Notch signaling pathway and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nuclear speck. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

mastermind-like 1 (Drosophila)

This protein is the human homolog of mastermind, a Drosophila protein that plays a role in the Notch signaling pathway involved in cell-fate determination. There is in vitro evidence that the human homolog forms a complex with the intracellular portion of human Notch receptors and can increase expression of a Notch-induced gene. This evidence supports its proposed function as a transcriptional co-activator in the Notch signaling pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5-like

Enables peroxisome matrix targeting signal-1 binding activity and small GTPase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking. Predicted to act upstream of or within maintenance of protein location and regulation of membrane potential. Located in cytosol. Part of receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

annexin A8-like

protein FAM231D-like

proline-rich transmembrane protein 1-like

Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

stathmin-like 3 pseudogene

DMRT-like family A2

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in germ cell development; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; and sex differentiation. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including nervous system development; positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; and stem cell fate specification. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DMRT-like family A1

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II and sex differentiation. Predicted to act upstream of or within male mating behavior and ovarian follicle development. Predicted to be located in chromatin. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

emopamil binding protein-like

Predicted to enable cholestenol delta-isomerase activity. Predicted to be involved in sterol metabolic process. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

target of myb1-like 2 (chicken)

This gene belongs to a small gene family whose members have an N-terminal VHS domain followed by a GAT domain; domains which typically participate in vesicular trafficking. The canonical protein encoded by this gene also has a C-terminal clathrin binding motif. This protein has been shown to interact with Tollip, clathrin and ubiquitin and is thought to play a role in endosomal sorting. This gene resides in the 3.7 Mb deletion of chromosome region 17p11.2 that is associated with Smith-Magenis syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

anthrax toxin receptor-like

Predicted to enable transmembrane signaling receptor activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in cell surface and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

microtubule cross-linking factor 1-like

nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1-like

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A pseudogene

serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 1-like

filamin-B-like

methyltransferase like 11B

Enables N-terminal protein N-methyltransferase activity. Involved in N-terminal protein amino acid methylation. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1-like (cytoplasmic)

Predicted to enable poly(A) binding activity. Predicted to be involved in nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay. Predicted to act upstream of or within maternal-to-zygotic transition of gene expression; negative regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process; and negative regulation of protein ubiquitination. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 2

Involved in negative regulation of T cell activation. Predicted to be located in tight junction. Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 1

This gene encodes a protein that contains an immunoglobulin-like domain. The encoded protein may function as a multimeric receptor at the cell surface. The expression of this gene may be a diagnostic marker for cancer progression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple protein isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1-like

astacin-like metallo-endopeptidase (M12 family)

Predicted to enable aspartic-type peptidase activity; glutamic-type peptidase activity; and metalloendopeptidase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including negative regulation of binding activity of sperm to zona pellucida; positive regulation of protein processing; and prevention of polyspermy. Predicted to be located in cortical granule and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

rhomboid, veinlet-like 3 (Drosophila)

Predicted to enable serine-type endopeptidase activity. Predicted to be involved in proteolysis. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

rhomboid, veinlet-like 1 (Drosophila)

This gene encodes a protein similar to Rhomboid in Drosophila which is involved in signalling in the Spitz/epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The Rhomboid family of proteins consists of intramembrane serine proteases containing several transmembrane domains. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

collagen alpha-3(IX) chain-like

formin-like protein 5

ubiquitin specific peptidase 17-like family member 2 pseudogene

insulin-like growth factor 2

This gene encodes a member of the insulin family of polypeptide growth factors, which are involved in development and growth. It is an imprinted gene, expressed only from the paternal allele, and epigenetic changes at this locus are associated with Wilms tumour, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Silver-Russell syndrome. A read-through INS-IGF2 gene exists, whose 5' region overlaps the INS gene and the 3' region overlaps this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to insulin in function and structure and is a member of a family of proteins involved in mediating growth and development. The encoded protein is processed from a precursor, bound by a specific receptor, and secreted. Defects in this gene are a cause of insulin-like growth factor I deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar processing to generate mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

oxysterol binding protein-like 9 pseudogene 4

oxysterol binding protein-like 9 pseudogene 6

oxysterol binding protein-like 9 pseudogene 1

MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient-like 2 (yeast)

The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. The encoded protein, which is similar to MAD2L1, is capable of interacting with ADAM9, ADAM15, REV1, and REV3 proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (yeast)

MAD2L1 is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. MAD2L1 is related to the MAD2L2 gene located on chromosome 1. A MAD2 pseudogene has been mapped to chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

40S ribosomal protein S24-like

polycystin-1-like

CMT1A duplicated region transcript 15-like 2

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

monooxygenase, DBH-like 2, pseudogene

Predicted to enable copper ion binding activity and dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity. Predicted to be involved in dopamine catabolic process; norepinephrine biosynthetic process; and octopamine biosynthetic process. Predicted to be active in extracellular space and secretory granule membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

deoxyribonuclease I-like 1

This gene encodes a deoxyribonuclease protein that shows high sequence similarity to DNase I. The encoded protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and modified by N-linked glycosylation. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2-like

metallothionein-like 3, pseudogene

general transcription factor IIA, 1-like

The assembly and stability of the RNA polymerase II transcription pre-initiation complex on a eukaryotic core promoter involve the effects of transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) on the interaction between TATA-binding protein (TBP) and DNA. This gene encodes a germ cell-specific counterpart of the large (alpha/beta) subunit of general transcription factor TFIIA that is able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA and may be uniquely important to testis biology. Alternative splicing for this locus has been observed and two variants, encoding distinct isoforms, have been identified. Co-transcription of this gene and the neighboring upstream gene generates a rare transcript (SALF), which encodes a fusion protein comprised of sequence sharing identity with each individual gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

obscurin-like 1

Cytoskeletal adaptor proteins function in linking the internal cytoskeleton of cells to the cell membrane. This gene encodes a cytoskeletal adaptor protein, which is a member of the Unc-89/obscurin family. The protein contains multiple N- and C-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and a central fibronectin type 3 domain. Mutations in this gene cause 3M syndrome type 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found in this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

UPF0607 protein ENSP00000381418-like pseudogene

nodal modulator 3-like

wings apart-like homolog (Drosophila)

Enables ATP-dependent protein-DNA unloader activity. Involved in several processes, including mitotic sister chromatid segregation; negative regulation of DNA replication; and negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion. Located in several cellular components, including intercellular bridge; mitotic spindle; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

coiled-coil domain-containing protein 144A-like

methyltransferase like 5 pseudogene

collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain-like

zinc finger protein 93-like

gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1 pseudogene

This pseudogene is similar to the human gene encoding gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1, an enzyme which hydrolyzes the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione and converts leukotriene C4 to leukotriene D4. This pseudogene lies in the immunoglobulin lambda gene cluster on chromosome 22q11.21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

basic proline-rich protein-like

asparagine-linked glycosylation 1-like 7, pseudogene

protein FAM136A-like

zinc finger protein 474-like

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (yeast) pseudogene 1

chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 1 pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 8B pseudogene

vesicle-trafficking protein SEC22b-like

RAB40A, member RAS oncogene family-like

This gene encodes a member of the Rab40 subfamily of Rab small GTP-binding proteins that contains a C-terminal suppressors of cytokine signaling box. Disruptions in this gene are associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

ALS2 C-terminal like

Predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity and small GTPase binding activity. Predicted to be involved in endosomal transport. Predicted to act upstream of or within protein localization. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be active in cytoplasmic vesicle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative HERC2-like protein 3

fibrous sheath CABYR-binding protein-like

ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein SOWAHC-like

mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 interacting protein 1-like

sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 22, pseudogene

collagen alpha-2(I) chain-like

carboxypeptidase, vitellogenic-like

The protein encoded by this gene is a carboxypeptidase and bears strong sequence similarity to serine carboxypeptidases. Carboxypeptidases are a large class of proteases that act to cleave a single amino acid from the carboxy termini of proteins or peptides. The exact function of this protein, however, has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a protein involved in processing the signal peptide sequences used to direct mitochondrial proteins to the mitochondria. The encoded protein resides in the mitochondria and is one of the necessary proteins for the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase (IMP) complex. Two variants that encode the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

fibril-forming collagen alpha chain-like

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 5

kruppel-like factor 7 pseudogene 1

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein pseudogene 2

putative aquaporin-7-like protein 3

pro-melanin-concentrating hormone-like 2, pseudogene

Predicted to enable type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of dopaminergic synaptic transmission. Predicted to be located in synapse. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pro-melanin-concentrating hormone-like 1, pseudogene

Predicted to enable type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of dopaminergic synaptic transmission. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2

There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme, localized to testis, thymus and certain germ cell tumors, that is closely related to both the placental and intestinal forms of alkaline phosphatase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SH3-domain GRB2-like endophilin B1

This gene encodes a SRC homology 3 domain-containing protein. The encoded protein interacts with the proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and may be involved in regulating apoptotic signaling pathways. This protein may also be involved in maintaining mitochondrial morphology. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

SH3-domain GRB2-like endophilin B2

Enables identical protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in membrane organization and postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C-like

actin-related protein 3B-like

trithorax group protein osa-like

chitinase 3-like 2

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to bacterial chitinases but lacks chitinase activity. The encoded protein is secreted and is involved in cartilage biogenesis. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

collagen alpha-1(XI) chain-like

helicase, POLQ-like

HEL308 is a single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase and DNA helicase (Marini and Wood, 2002 [PubMed 11751861]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

chitinase 3-like 1 (cartilage glycoprotein-39)

Chitinases catalyze the hydrolysis of chitin, which is an abundant glycopolymer found in insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. The glycoside hydrolase 18 family of chitinases includes eight human family members. This gene encodes a glycoprotein member of the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. The protein lacks chitinase activity and is secreted by activated macrophages, chondrocytes, neutrophils and synovial cells. The protein is thought to play a role in the process of inflammation and tissue remodeling. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

beta-lactoglobulin-like

serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 2-like

SEC14-like 3 (S. cerevisiae)

The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the protein encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC14 gene. The SEC14 protein is a phophatidylinositol transfer protein that is essential for biogenesis of Golgi-derived transport vesicles, and thus is required for the export of yeast secretory proteins from the Golgi complex. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

SEC14-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a cytosolic protein which belongs to a family of lipid-binding proteins including Sec14p, alpha-tocopherol transfer protein, and cellular retinol-binding protein. The encoded protein stimulates squalene monooxygenase which is a downstream enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

SEC14-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SEC14 cytosolic factor family. It has similarity to yeast SEC14 and to Japanese flying squid RALBP which suggests a possible role of the gene product in an intracellular transport system. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene; some variants represent read-through transcripts that include exons from the upstream gene C17orf86. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

SEC14-like 6 (S. cerevisiae)

Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SEC14-like 5 (S. cerevisiae)

Predicted to be located in mitochondrial intermembrane space. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SEC14-like 4 (S. cerevisiae)

The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the protein encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC14 gene. The SEC14 protein is a phophatidylinositol transfer protein that is essential for biogenesis of Golgi-derived transport vesicles, and thus is required for the export of yeast secretory proteins from the Golgi complex. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

sushi, nidogen and EGF-like domains 1

Predicted to enable Notch binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cell-matrix adhesion. Located in extracellular matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

maestro heat-like repeat family member 3, pseudogene

protein FAM173B-like

maestro heat-like repeat family member 9

maestro heat-like repeat family member 8

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the maestro heat-like repeat family. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, in a genome-wide association study using hippocampal atrophy as a quantitative trait, this gene has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (PMID:19668339). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

maestro heat-like repeat family member 7

Located in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

PRAME family member 22-like

structure-specific endonuclease subunit SLX1-like

KAT8 regulatory NSL complex subunit 1-like

Predicted to enable histone acetyltransferase binding activity. Predicted to be located in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle. Predicted to be part of NSL complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1-like

Acts upstream of or within regulation of complement activation and regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Part of receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CUB and zona pellucida-like domains 1

Predicted to be involved in trypsinogen activation. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

threonine synthase-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a threonine synthase-like protein. A similar enzyme in mouse can catalyze the degradation of O-phospho-homoserine to a-ketobutyrate, phosphate, and ammonia. This protein also has phospho-lyase activity on both gamma and beta phosphorylated substrates. In mouse an alternatively spliced form of this protein has been shown to act as a cytokine and can induce the production of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in osteoblasts. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

threonine synthase-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the oasis bZIP transcription factor family. Members of this family can dimerize but form homodimers only. The encoded protein is a transcriptional activator. Translocations between this gene on chromosome 7 and the gene fused in sarcoma on chromosome 16 can be found in some tumors. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

skin secretory protein xP2-like

peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A)-like 4A

Predicted to enable cyclosporin A binding activity and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity. Predicted to be involved in protein folding. Located in extracellular exosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cyclin Y-like 1 pseudogene

attractin-like 1

Predicted to enable Notch binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 4, pseudogene

protein FRG1B-like

putative aquaporin-7-like protein 3

peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A)-like 4E

Predicted to enable cyclosporin A binding activity and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity. Predicted to be involved in protein folding. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative cyclin-Y-like protein 3

Predicted to be involved in regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

otopetrin-1-like

otopetrin-1-like

spalt-like transcription factor 4 pseudogene 3

spalt-like transcription factor 4 pseudogene 1

spalt-like transcription factor 4 pseudogene 7

GTPase activating Rap/RanGAP domain-like 3

Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

spalt-like transcription factor 4 pseudogene 5

PNMA-like protein 2

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 17

envoplakin-like

Predicted to be involved in intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

protein FRG1-like

theg spermatid protein-like

osteoclast associated, immunoglobulin-like receptor

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that resorb bone and are essential for bone homeostasis. This gene encodes an osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), which is a member of the leukocyte receptor complex protein family that plays critical roles in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The encoded protein may play a role in oxidative stress-mediated atherogenesis as well as monocyte adhesion. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

adenylosuccinate synthase like 1

This gene encodes a member of the adenylosuccinate synthase family of proteins. The encoded muscle-specific enzyme plays a role in the purine nucleotide cycle by catalyzing the first step in the conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Mutations in this gene may cause adolescent onset distal myopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

BBSome-interacting protein 1-like

mucin-like 1

Predicted to be located in Golgi lumen and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SH3-domain GRB2-like 1 pseudogene

chromodomain protein, Y-like

Chromodomain Y is a primate-specific Y-chromosomal gene family expressed exclusively in the testis and implicated in infertility. Although the Y-linked genes are testis-specific, this autosomal gene is ubiquitously expressed. The Y-linked genes arose by retrotransposition of an mRNA from this gene, followed by amplification of the retroposed gene. Proteins encoded by this gene superfamily possess a chromodomain, a motif implicated in chromatin binding and gene suppression, and a catalytic domain believed to be involved in histone acetylation. Multiple proteins are encoded by transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

t-complex 10-like

Enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and transcription corepressor activity. Involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

protein FRG1-like

mitogen-activated protein kinase 7-like

UPF0607 protein ENSP00000381418-like pseudogene

forkhead box L1-like

Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in anatomical structure morphogenesis; cell differentiation; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1

This gene is related to the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate-1 gene and encodes a protein with PWWP (proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline) domains. This protein methylates histone H3 at lysine residues 4 and 27, which represses gene transcription. Two alternatively spliced variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2015]

golgin A6 family-like 5, pseudogene

NIF3 NGG1 interacting factor 3-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)

Enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity and identical protein binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain containing 2 pseudogene 1

toll-like receptor 10

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is most highly expressed in lymphoid tissues such as spleen, lymph node, thymus, and tonsil. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants which encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like (C. elegans)

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a protein complex required for the retrotranslocation or dislocation of misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen to the cytosol, where they are degraded by the proteasome in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

uncharacterized protein C12orf71-like

RAN binding protein 3-like

Enables SMAD binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development; negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation; and protein export from nucleus. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of nuclear pore. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nuclear factor interleukin-3-regulated protein-like

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity and DNA-binding transcription factor activity. Predicted to be involved in circadian rhythm and regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

HERV-K_22q11.23 provirus ancestral Gag polyprotein-like

coiled-coil domain-containing protein 29-like

Ig heavy chain V-III region VH26-like

BAI1-associated protein 2-like 1 pseudogene

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 16 pseudogene

pumilio domain-containing protein KIAA0020-like

peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A-like 4G

Predicted to enable cyclosporin A binding activity and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity. Predicted to be involved in protein folding. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

basic proline-rich protein-like

formin-like protein 6

mab-21-like 1 (C. elegans)

This gene is similar to the MAB-21 cell fate-determining gene found in C. elegans. It may be involved in eye and cerebellum development, and it has been proposed that expansion of a trinucleotide repeat region in the 5' UTR may play a role in a variety of psychiatric disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

mab-21-like 2 (C. elegans)

This gene is similar to the C. elegans MAB-21 cell fate-determining gene, a downstream target of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. It is thought that this gene may be involved in neural development. The protein encoded by this gene is primarily nuclear, although some cytoplasmic localization has been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mab-21-like 3 (C. elegans)

collagen alpha-1(III) chain-like

monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial-like

mal, T-cell differentiation protein-like pseudogene

contactin-associated protein-like 3B

shugoshin-like 1 (S. pombe) pseudogene 1

mastermind-like domain containing 1

This gene encodes a mastermind-like domain containing protein. This protein may function as a transcriptional co-activator. Mutations in this gene are the cause of X-linked hypospadias type 2. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

protein RCC2-like

leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 37B-like

CTTNBP2 N-terminal like

Enables protein phosphatase 2A binding activity. Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of transmembrane transport; negative regulation of transporter activity; and protein dephosphorylation. Located in actin cytoskeleton. Part of FAR/SIN/STRIPAK complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribonuclease P/MRP 25kDa subunit-like

This gene encodes a protein that appears to belong to a family of evolutionarily related proteins (DUF78), that may share one or more domains in common. Members of this family are small archaebacterial proteins with no known function. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants, both encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

oxidase (cytochrome c) assembly 1-like

This gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein that is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein is essential for the translocation of the N-terminal tail of subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase, and is involved in the assembly of the cytochrome c oxidase and ATPase complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

lipoprotein, Lp(a)-like 1

lipoprotein, Lp(a)-like 2, pseudogene

Apolipoprotein(a) is the distinguishing protein moiety of lipoprotein(a), of which elevated plasma levels are correlated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. This gene is similar to the lipoprotein, Lp(a) gene, but all transcripts produced by this gene contain a truncated open reading frame and are candidates for nonsense-mediated decay. Consequently, this gene is considered to be a pseudogene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]

collagen alpha-4(IV) chain-like

actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5-like

Predicted to enable actin filament binding activity. Predicted to be involved in Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation and cell migration. Located in extracellular exosome and focal adhesion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 8

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 9

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 1

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 2

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 3

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 5

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 6

ribosomal protein L7-like 1 pseudogene 7

TAF7-like RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 50kDa

This gene is similar to a mouse gene that encodes a TATA box binding protein-associated factor, and shows testis-specific expression. The encoded protein could be a spermatogenesis-specific component of the DNA-binding general transcription factor complex TFIID. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]

HRAS-like suppressor

Enables acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups and phospholipase activity. Involved in N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process and phosphatidylcholine metabolic process. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

BCL2-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL-2 protein family. BCL-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The proteins encoded by this gene are located at the outer mitochondrial membrane, and have been shown to regulate outer mitochondrial membrane channel (VDAC) opening. VDAC regulates mitochondrial membrane potential, and thus controls the production of reactive oxygen species and release of cytochrome C by mitochondria, both of which are the potent inducers of cell apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms. The longer isoform acts as an apoptotic inhibitor and the shorter isoform acts as an apoptotic activator. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

BCL2-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the BCL-2 protein family. The proteins of this family form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- and pro-apoptotic regulators. Expression of this gene in cells has been shown to contribute to reduced cell apoptosis under cytotoxic conditions. Studies of the related gene in mice indicated a role in the survival of NGF- and BDNF-dependent neurons. Mutation and knockout studies of the mouse gene demonstrated an essential role in adult spermatogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring downstream PABPN1 (poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

actin filament associated protein 1-like 1

Predicted to be located in several cellular components, including actin cytoskeleton; anchoring junction; and cell projection. Predicted to be active in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

actin filament associated protein 1-like 2

Enables SH2 domain binding activity; SH3 domain binding activity; and protein tyrosine kinase activator activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; regulation of gene expression; and regulation of mitotic cell cycle. Located in cytosol and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

WDR45-like pseudogene

D(1B) dopamine receptor-like

gon-4-like (C. elegans)

Predicted to enable transcription corepressor activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Predicted to act upstream of or within B cell differentiation. Located in nuclear body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

BAI1-associated protein 2-like 2

The protein encoded by this gene binds phosphoinositides and promotes the formation of planar or curved membrane structures. The encoded protein is found in RAB13-positive vesicles and at intercellular contacts with the plasma membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

BAI1-associated protein 2-like 1

This gene encodes a member of the IMD (IRSp53/MIM homology domain) family. Members of this family can be subdivided in two groups, the IRSp53-like and MIM-like, based on the presence or absence of the SH3 (Src homology 3) domain. The protein encoded by this gene contains a conserved IMD, also known as F-actin bundling domain, at the N-terminus, and a canonical SH3 domain near the C-terminus, so it belongs to the IRSp53-like group. This protein is the substrate for insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and binds to the small GTPase Rac. It is involved in signal transduction pathways that link deformation of the plasma membrane and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. It also promotes actin assembly and membrane protrusions when overexpressed in mammalian cells, and is essential to the formation of a potent actin assembly complex during EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli) pedestal formation. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

EGF-like and EMI domain containing 1, pseudogene

Predicted to enable scavenger receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in vesicle-mediated transport. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CD5 molecule-like

Predicted to enable serine-type endopeptidase activity. Predicted to be involved in zymogen activation. Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity and regulation of complement activation. Located in cell surface. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CD99 molecule-like 2

This gene encodes a cell-surface protein that is similar to CD99. A similar protein in mouse functions as an adhesion molecule during leukocyte extravasation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 4 pseudogene 1

epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15-like 1

Enables cadherin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in endosomal transport and synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL2

ELM2 and Myb/SANT-like domain containing 1

Predicted to enable transcription corepressor activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

chromosome 16 open reading frame 72-like

Enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Involved in protein stabilization. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NIPA-like domain containing 1

Predicted to enable magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in magnesium ion transport. Predicted to be located in Golgi apparatus. Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NIPA-like domain containing 2

Predicted to enable magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in magnesium ion transport. Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NIPA-like domain containing 3

Predicted to enable magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in magnesium ion transport. Predicted to be active in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NIPA-like domain containing 4

This gene likely encodes a membrane receptor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

PTPN13-like, Y-linked pseudogene 2

PTPN13-like, Y-linked pseudogene 3

PTPN13-like, Y-linked pseudogene 1

PTPN13-like, Y-linked pseudogene 4

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 binding protein

ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like proteins (ARLs) comprise a functionally distinct group of the ARF family of RAS-related GTPases. The protein encoded by this gene binds to ARL2.GTP with high affinity but does not interact with ARL2.GDP, activated ARF, or RHO proteins. The lack of detectable membrane association of this protein or ARL2 upon activation of ARL2 is suggestive of actions distinct from those of the ARFs. This protein is considered to be the first ARL2-specific effector identified, due to its interaction with ARL2.GTP but lack of ARL2 GTPase-activating protein activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein like

Enables protein-RNA adaptor activity and ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Involved in positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation and proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POM121 transmembrane nucleoporin-like 9, pseudogene

This locus is inferred to be a transcribed pseudogene based on the observation that protein homology is limited to the first of seven exons (indicated by alignment of AL117401.1 to the assembled human genome). This pattern suggests rapid turnover by the nonsense-mediated decay pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1-like

stromal cell-derived factor 2-like 1

Enables misfolded protein binding activity. Involved in chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. Part of protein folding chaperone complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 4 pseudogene 1

zinc transporter ZIP1-like

vegetative cell wall protein gp1-like

mpv17-like protein 2

ubiquitin specific peptidase 17-like family member 21

Predicted to enable cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of apoptotic process and regulation of protein stability. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum. Predicted to be active in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transmembrane emp24-like trafficking protein 10 (yeast) pseudogene 1

transmembrane emp24-like trafficking protein 10 (yeast) pseudogene 2

coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3

This gene encodes a member of the protease-activated receptor subfamily, part of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family of proteins. The encoded receptor is proteolytically processed to reveal an extracellular N-terminal tethered ligand that binds to and activates the receptor. This receptor plays a role in blood coagulation, inflammation and response to pain. Hypomethylation at this gene may be associated with lung cancer in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the protease-activated receptor (PAR) family which is a subfamily of the seven transmembrane G protein-coupled cell surface receptor family. The encoded protein acts as a cofactor in the thrombin-mediated cleavage and activation of the protease-activated receptor family member PAR4. The encoded protein plays an essential role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1

This gene encodes a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family of proteins. The encoded cell surface receptor is activated through proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular amino terminus, resulting in a new amino terminus that acts as a tethered ligand that binds to an extracellular loop domain. Activation of the receptor has been shown to stimulate vascular smooth muscle relaxation, dilate blood vessels, increase blood flow, and lower blood pressure. This protein is also important in the inflammatory response, as well as innate and adaptive immunity. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

ERO1-like beta (S. cerevisiae)

Enables protein-disulfide reductase activity and thiol oxidase activity. Involved in protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum. Predicted to be located in endoplasmic reticulum. Predicted to be active in endoplasmic reticulum lumen and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

basic salivary proline-rich protein 4-like

pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 7-like

collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain-like

collagen alpha-2(I) chain-like

double homeobox 4 like 31, pseudogene

protein FRG1-like

40S ribosomal protein SA-like

like-glycosyltransferase

This gene encodes a member of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase gene family. It encodes a glycosyltransferase which participates in glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan, and may carry out the synthesis of glycoprotein and glycosphingolipid sugar chains. It may also be involved in the addition of a repeated disaccharide unit. The protein encoded by this gene is the glycotransferase that adds the final xylose and glucuronic acid to alpha-dystroglycan and thereby allows alpha-dystroglycan to bind ligands including laminin 211 and neurexin. Mutations in this gene cause several forms of congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by cognitive disability and abnormal glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, May 2018]

leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is an inhibitory receptor found on peripheral mononuclear cells, including natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells. Inhibitory receptors regulate the immune response to prevent lysis of cells recognized as self. The gene is a member of both the immunoglobulin superfamily and the leukocyte-associated inhibitory receptor family. The gene maps to a region of 19q13.4 called the leukocyte receptor cluster, which contains at least 29 genes encoding leukocyte-expressed receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein has been identified as an anchor for tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, and may induce cell death in myeloid leukemias. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It was identified by its similarity to leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1, a membrane-bound receptor that modulates innate immune response. The protein encoded by this locus is a soluble receptor that may play roles in both inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation and vessel formation during placental implantation. This gene maps to a region of 19q13.4, termed the leukocyte receptor cluster, which contains 29 genes in the immunoglobulin superfamily. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013]

uncharacterized protein C2orf27-like

putative BCR-like protein 2

putative POM121-like protein 1

phosducin-like 2 pseudogene 1

FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 2-like

cuticle collagen 7-like

putative uncharacterized protein FLJ44672-like

RNA polymerase II transcription factor SIII subunit A3-like

URI1, prefoldin-like chaperone

This gene encodes member of the prefoldin family of molecular chaperones. The encoded protein functions as a scaffolding protein and plays roles in ubiquitination and transcription, in part though interactions with the RNA polymerase II subunit RPB5. This gene may play a role in multiple malignancies including ovarian cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

olfactomedin-like 1

Predicted to be involved in signal transduction. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LUC7-like (S. cerevisiae)

The LUC7L gene may represent a mammalian heterochromatic gene, encoding a putative RNA-binding protein similar to the yeast Luc7p subunit of the U1 snRNP splicing complex that is normally required for 5-prime splice site selection (Tufarelli et al., 2001 [PubMed 11170747]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

kelch-like family member 42

Contributes to ubiquitin-protein transferase activity. Involved in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; protein polyubiquitination; and regulation of microtubule-based process. Part of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kelch-like family member 40

This gene encodes a protein containing a BACK domain, a BTB/POZ domain, and 5 Kelch repeats, however, its exact function is not known. The gene and the multi-domain protein structure are conserved across different taxa, including primates, rodents, chicken and zebrafish. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

olfactomedin-like 3

This gene encodes a member of the olfactomedin-like gene family which also includes genes encoding noelin, tiarin, myocilin, amassin, optimedin, photomedin, and latrophilin. The encoded protein is a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein with a C-terminal olfactomedin domain that facilitates protein-protein interactions, cell adhesion, and intercellular interactions. It serves as both a scaffold protein that recruits bone morphogenetic protein 1 to its substrate chordin, and as a vascular tissue remodeler with pro-angiogenic properties. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored molecule like

Predicted to be involved in DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest; apoptotic process; and negative regulation of cell population proliferation. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be extrinsic component of membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit

The protein encoded by this gene is a serum protein that binds insulin-like growth factors, increasing their half-life and their vascular localization. Production of the encoded protein, which contains twenty leucine-rich repeats, is stimulated by growth hormone. Defects in this gene are a cause of acid-labile subunit deficiency, which maifests itself in a delayed and slow puberty. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

golgin subfamily A member 2-like protein 3

vegetative cell wall protein gp1-like

NmrA-like family domain containing 1

This gene encodes an NADPH sensor protein that preferentially binds to NADPH. The encoded protein also negatively regulates the activity of NF-kappaB in a ubiquitylation-dependent manner. It plays a key role in cellular antiviral response by negatively regulating the interferon response factor 3-mediated expression of interferon beta. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 4

This gene is a member of the lipoma HMGIC fusion partner (LHFP) gene family, which is a subset of the superfamily of tetraspan transmembrane protein encoding genes. Mutations in one LHFP-like gene result in deafness in humans and mice, and a second LHFP-like gene is fused to a high-mobility group gene in a translocation-associated lipoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5

This gene is a member of the lipoma HMGIC fusion partner (LHFP) gene family, which is a subset of the superfamily of tetraspan transmembrane protein encoding genes. Mutations in this gene result in deafness in humans, and a mutation in a similar gene in mice results in deafness and vestibular dysfunction with severe degeneration of the organ of Corti. It is proposed to function in hair bundle morphogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 1

This gene is a member of the lipoma HMGIC fusion partner (LHFP) gene family, which is a subset of the superfamily of tetraspan transmembrane protein encoding genes. Mutations in one LHFP-like gene result in deafness in humans and mice, and a second LHFP-like gene is fused to a high-mobility group gene in a translocation-associated lipoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 2

This gene is a member of the lipoma HMGIC fusion partner (LHFP) gene family, which is a subset of the superfamily of tetraspan transmembrane protein encoding genes. Mutations in one LHFP-like gene result in deafness in humans and mice, and a second LHFP-like gene is fused to a high-mobility group gene in a translocation-associated lipoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found, but their biological validity has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

tolloid-like 1

This gene encodes an astacin-like, zinc-dependent, metalloprotease that belongs to the peptidase M12A family. This protease processes procollagen C-propeptides, such as chordin, pro-biglycan and pro-lysyl oxidase. Studies in mice suggest that this gene plays multiple roles in the development of mammalian heart, and is essential for the formation of the interventricular septum. Allelic variants of this gene are associated with atrial septal defect type 6. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

tolloid-like 2

This gene encodes an astacin-like zinc-dependent metalloprotease and is a subfamily member of the metzincin family. Unlike other family members, a similar protein in mice does not cleave procollagen C-propeptides or chordin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 1

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. Studies in mice suggested that the expression of this gene may be regulated by MHC class I molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

cadherin-related family member 3-like

kelch-like family member 41

This gene is a member of the kelch-like family. The encoded protein contains a BACK domain, a BTB/POZ domain, and 5 Kelch repeats. This protein is thought to function in skeletal muscle development and maintenance. Mutations in this gene have been associated with nemaline myopathy (NM), a rare congenital muscle disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015]

Kruppel-like factor 7 (ubiquitous)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Kruppel-like transcriptional regulator family. Members in this family regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival and contain three C2H2 zinc fingers at the C-terminus that mediate binding to GC-rich sites. This protein may contribute to the progression of type 2 diabetes by inhibiting insulin expression and secretion in pancreatic beta-cells and by deregulating adipocytokine secretion in adipocytes. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 3. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

Kruppel-like factor 6

This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors. The zinc finger protein is a transcriptional activator, and functions as a tumor suppressor. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, some of which are implicated in carcinogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

Kruppel-like factor 5 (intestinal)

This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel-like factor subfamily of zinc finger proteins. The encoded protein is a transcriptional activator that binds directly to a specific recognition motif in the promoters of target genes. This protein acts downstream of multiple different signaling pathways and is regulated by post-translational modification. It may participate in both promoting and suppressing cell proliferation. Expression of this gene may be changed in a variety of different cancers and in cardiovascular disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut)

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Kruppel family of transcription factors. The encoded zinc finger protein is required for normal development of the barrier function of skin. The encoded protein is thought to control the G1-to-S transition of the cell cycle following DNA damage by mediating the tumor suppressor gene p53. Mice lacking this gene have a normal appearance but lose weight rapidly, and die shortly after birth due to fluid evaporation resulting from compromised epidermal barrier function. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

Kruppel-like factor 3 (basic)

Enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Kruppel-like factor 2

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Kruppel family of transcription factors. The encoded zinc finger protein is expressed early in mammalian development and is found in many different cell types. The protein acts to bind the CACCC box found in the promoter of target genes to activate their transcription. It plays a role in many processes during development and disease including adipogenesis, embryonic erythropoiesis, epithelial integrity, inflammation and t-cell viability. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

Kruppel-like factor 1 (erythroid)

This gene encodes a hematopoietic-specific transcription factor that induces high-level expression of adult beta-globin and other erythroid genes. The zinc-finger protein binds to the DNA sequence CCACACCCT found in the beta hemoglobin promoter. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in this gene result in the dominant In(Lu) blood phenotype. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

Kruppel-like factor 9

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that binds to GC box elements located in the promoter. Binding of the encoded protein to a single GC box inhibits mRNA expression while binding to tandemly repeated GC box elements activates transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Kruppel-like factor 8

This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. Members of this family contain a C-terminal DNA-binding domain with three Kruppel-like zinc fingers. The encoded protein is thought to play an important role in the regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a process which occurs normally during development but also during metastasis. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 16. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

gametogenetin-like

protein FAM91A1-like

collagen alpha-1(I) chain-like

IQ motif containing with AAA domain 1 like

Predicted to enable ATP hydrolysis activity and microtubule severing ATPase activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule cytoskeleton organization. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

Ig heavy chain V-III region VH26-like

Ig heavy chain V-III region VH26-like

hepatoma derived growth factor-like 1

Predicted to be involved in chromatin remodeling. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

PRAME family member 9/15-like

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Predicted to be involved in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Predicted to be part of Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)

Enables ATP binding activity and RNA helicase activity. Involved in DNA damage response; RNA catabolic process; and maturation of 5.8S rRNA. Located in nuclear exosome (RNase complex) and nucleoplasm. Part of TRAMP complex and catalytic step 2 spliceosome. Biomarker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

angiomotin like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein that is a component of tight junctions or TJs. TJs form an apical junctional structure and act to control paracellular permeability and maintain cell polarity. This protein is related to angiomotin, an angiostatin binding protein that regulates endothelial cell migration and capillary formation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

angiomotin like 2

Angiomotin is a protein that binds angiostatin, a circulating inhibitor of the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Angiomotin mediates angiostatin inhibition of endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro. The protein encoded by this gene is related to angiomotin and is a member of the motin protein family. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

sex comb on midleg-like 2 (Drosophila)

This gene encodes a member of the Polycomb group proteins. These proteins form the Polycomb repressive complexes which are involved in transcriptional repression. The encoded protein binds histone peptides that are monomethylated at lysine residues and may be involved in regulating homeotic gene expression during development. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

sex comb on midleg-like 1 (Drosophila)

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity and histone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Predicted to be located in female germ cell nucleus and male germ cell nucleus. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

sex comb on midleg-like 4 (Drosophila)

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity and histone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

origin recognition complex, subunit 3-like (yeast) pseudogene

lymphocyte antigen 6A-2/6E-1-like

Predicted to be located in side of membrane. Predicted to be active in plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6E, pseudogene

KIAA0319-like

Predicted to be involved in neuron migration. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including flagellated sperm motility; proacrosomal vesicle fusion; and receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell. Located in Golgi apparatus; cytoplasmic vesicle; and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

otogelin-like

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2-like pseudogene

ret finger protein-like 2 pseudogene

pecanex-like 4 (Drosophila)

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pecanex-like 3 (Drosophila)

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

pecanex-like 2 (Drosophila)

This gene contains coding mononucleotide repeats that are associated with tumors of high mcrosatellite instability (MSI-H). Defects in this gene are involved in the tumorigenesis of MSI-H colorectal carcinomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17A-like

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen-like

spalt-like transcription factor 4

This gene encodes a zinc finger transcription factor thought to play a role in the development of abducens motor neurons. Defects in this gene are a cause of Duane-radial ray syndrome (DRRS). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

spalt-like transcription factor 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor and may be part of the NuRD histone deacetylase complex (HDAC). Defects in this gene are a cause of Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) as well as bronchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR). Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

spalt-like transcription factor 3

This gene encodes a sal-like C2H2-type zinc-finger protein, and belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved genes found in species as diverse as Drosophila, C. elegans, and vertebrates. Mutations in some of these genes are associated with congenital disorders in human, suggesting their importance in embryonic development. This protein binds to DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A), and reduces DNMT3A-mediated CpG island methylation. It is suggested that silencing of this gene, resulting in acceleration of DNA methylation, may have a role in oncogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

spalt-like transcription factor 2

This gene encodes a protein containing multiple zinc finger domains. The encoded protein functions in optical fissure closure during development of the eye in the embryo. Mutations in this gene are associated with ocular coloboma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

signal peptide peptidase like 3 pseudogene

actin, beta-like 2 pseudogene

ADAM-like, decysin 1

This encoded protein is thought to be a secreted protein belonging to the disintegrin metalloproteinase family. Its expression is upregulated during dendritic cells maturation. This protein may play an important role in dendritic cell function and their interactions with germinal center T cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NHP2 non-histone chromosome protein 2-like 1 (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

doublecortin-like kinase 1

This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase superfamily and the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene contains two N-terminal doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules and regulate microtubule polymerization, a C-terminal serine/threonine protein kinase domain, which shows substantial homology to Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and a serine/proline-rich domain in between the doublecortin and the protein kinase domains, which mediates multiple protein-protein interactions. The microtubule-polymerizing activity of the encoded protein is independent of its protein kinase activity. The encoded protein is involved in several different cellular processes, including neuronal migration, retrograde transport, neuronal apoptosis and neurogenesis. This gene is up-regulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and associated with memory and general cognitive abilities. Multiple transcript variants generated by two alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing have been reported, but the full-length nature and biological validity of some variants have not been defined. These variants encode different isoforms, which are differentially expressed and have different kinase activities.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

doublecortin-like kinase 3

Predicted to enable protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in protein localization to nucleus. Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus and peptidyl-serine phosphorylation. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

doublecortin-like kinase 2

This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase superfamily and the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene contains two N-terminal doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules and regulate microtubule polymerization, a C-terminal serine/threonine protein kinase domain, which shows substantial homology to Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and a serine/proline-rich domain in between the doublecortin and the protein kinase domains, which mediates multiple protein-protein interactions. The microtubule-polymerizing activity of the encoded protein is independent of its protein kinase activity. Mouse studies show that the DCX gene, another family member, and this gene share function in the establishment of hippocampal organization and that their absence results in a severe epileptic phenotype and lethality, as described in human patients with lissencephaly. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETMAR-like

heat shock 70kDa protein 1-like

This gene encodes a 70kDa heat shock protein. In conjunction with other heat shock proteins, this protein stabilizes existing proteins against aggregation and mediates the folding of newly translated proteins in the cytosol and in organelles. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex class III region, in a cluster with two closely related genes which also encode isoforms of the 70kDa heat shock protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

clathrin, heavy chain-like 1

This gene is a member of the clathrin heavy chain family and encodes a major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles. Chromosomal aberrations involving this gene are associated with meningioma, DiGeorge syndrome, and velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009]

Kruppel-like factor 2 pseudogene 4

uncharacterized protein CXorf49-like

cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 4-like

Predicted to enable RNA binding activity and metal ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA 3'-end processing. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

putative golgin subfamily A member 6-like protein 4

STAM binding protein-like 1

Enables K63-linked deubiquitinase activity. Involved in cellular response to L-leucine and positive regulation of TORC1 signaling. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

serine/threonine kinase 38 like

Enables ATP binding activity; magnesium ion binding activity; and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in intracellular signal transduction and negative regulation of autophagy. Acts upstream of or within protein phosphorylation. Located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (autosomal recessive)-like 1

Predicted to enable signaling receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in immune response. Predicted to act upstream of or within sensory perception of sound. Predicted to be located in cytosol; extracellular space; and membrane. Implicated in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MT-RNR2-like 11 (pseudogene)

Predicted to enable receptor antagonist activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein ENSP00000383090-like

mucin-6-like

UPF0607 protein ENSP00000381418-like

coiled-coil domain-containing protein 29-like

dihydrofolate reductase-like 1

Enables dihydrofolate reductase activity and mRNA binding activity. Involved in tetrahydrofolate metabolic process and thymidine biosynthetic process. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane and mitochondrial matrix. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

extended synaptotagmin-like protein 1

Enables identical protein binding activity and phospholipid transfer activity. Involved in intermembrane lipid transfer. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

extended synaptotagmin-like protein 2

Enables calcium ion binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and phospholipid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in endocytosis; endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering; and lipid transport. Located in several cellular components, including cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; and endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact site. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

extended synaptotagmin-like protein 3

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity and phospholipid binding activity. Predicted to be involved in endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering and lipid transport. Located in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; and endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact site. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

REX1, RNA exonuclease 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)-like 5, pseudogene

hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase-like

Predicted to enable hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 4-like

Predicted to enable mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity; poly(A) binding activity; and poly(U) RNA binding activity. Predicted to be part of ribonucleoprotein complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasmic stress granule; cytosol; and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CAVP-target protein-like

proline-rich protein 2-like

serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 1-like

hedgehog acyltransferase-like

Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of N-terminal protein palmitoylation. Located in perinuclear region of cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 2

Predicted to enable carbohydrate binding activity. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

resistin like beta

Predicted to enable hormone activity. Involved in epithelial cell proliferation. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

nucleolar protein 58-like

ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1

This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of RING-finger type E3 ubiquitin ligases. The protein binds to specific DNA sequences, and recruits a histone deacetylase to regulate gene expression. Its expression peaks at late G1 phase and continues during G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. It plays a major role in the G1/S transition by regulating topoisomerase IIalpha and retinoblastoma gene expression, and functions in the p53-dependent DNA damage checkpoint. It is regarded as a hub protein for the integration of epigenetic information. This gene is up-regulated in various cancers, and it is therefore considered to be a therapeutic target. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A related pseudogene exists on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]

ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

This gene encodes a nuclear protein which is involved in cell-cycle regulation. The encoded protein is a ubiquitin-ligase capable of ubiquinating PCNP (PEST-containing nuclear protein), and together they may play a role in tumorigenesis. The encoded protein contains an NIRF_N domain, a PHD finger, a set- and ring-associated (SRA) domain, and a RING finger domain and several of these domains have been shown to be essential for the regulation of cell proliferation. This protein may also have a role in intranuclear degradation of polyglutamine aggregates. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants some of which are non-protein coding. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

proline-rich protein 23D1-like

heart development protein with EGF-like domains 1

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction; negative regulation of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity; and negative regulation of membrane permeability. Located in cell-cell junction. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

delta-like 1 (Drosophila)

DLL1 is a human homolog of the Notch Delta ligand and is a member of the delta/serrate/jagged family. It plays a role in mediating cell fate decisions during hematopoiesis. It may play a role in cell-to-cell communication. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

delta-like 3 (Drosophila)

This gene encodes a member of the delta protein ligand family. This family functions as Notch ligands that are characterized by a DSL domain, EGF repeats, and a transmembrane domain. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis 1. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxicity and secrete cytokines after immune stimulation. Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including the rodent NKRP1 family of glycoproteins, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. The KLRB1 protein contains an extracellular domain with several motifs characteristic of C-type lectins, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. The KLRB1 protein is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POM121 transmembrane nucleoporin-like 1, pseudogene

This locus appears to be a pseudogene related to DKFZp434K191, which is of unknown function. This pseudogene lies in the immunoglobulin lambda gene cluster on chromosome 22q11.21. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like 2

Predicted to act upstream of or within response to bacterium. Located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like 1

Enables aminopeptidase activity; metal ion binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in peptide catabolic process. Predicted to be located in apical plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

spidroin-2-like

POM121 transmembrane nucleoporin-like 11, pseudogene

MPV17 mitochondrial membrane protein-like

Involved in negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process; negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway; and reactive oxygen species metabolic process. Located in peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

POM121 transmembrane nucleoporin-like 12

leucine-zipper-like transcription regulator 1

This gene encodes a member of the BTB-kelch superfamily. Initially described as a putative transcriptional regulator based on weak homology to members of the basic leucine zipper-like family, the encoded protein subsequently has been shown to localize exclusively to the Golgi network where it may help stabilize the Gogli complex. Deletion of this gene may be associated with DiGeorge syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 8B pseudogene

butyrophilin-like 9

Predicted to enable signaling receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway and regulation of cytokine production. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in external side of plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

butyrophilin-like 8

Predicted to enable signaling receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway and regulation of cytokine production. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in external side of plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

butyrophilin-like 3

Predicted to enable signaling receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway and regulation of cytokine production. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in external side of plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

butyrophilin-like 2

This gene encodes a major histocompatibility complex, class II associated, type I transmembrane protein which belongs to the butyrophilin-like B7 family of immunoregulators. It is thought to be involved in immune surveillance, serving as a negative T-cell regulator by decreasing T-cell proliferation and cytokine release. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal signal peptide, two pairs of immunoglobulin-like domains, separated by a heptad peptide sequence, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, myositis, type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, acute coronary syndrome, and prostate cancer. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]

RecQ helicase-like pseudogene

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2-like 1

Enables several functions, including cyclin binding activity; enzyme binding activity; and protein domain specific binding activity. Involved in several processes, including regulation of protein metabolic process; regulation of signal transduction; and regulation of vesicle-mediated transport. Located in several cellular components, including midbody; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; and phagocytic cup. Part of IRE1-RACK1-PP2A complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4A

ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4A is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARL4A is similar to ARL4C and ARL4D and each has a nuclear localization signal and an unusually high guaninine nucleotide exchange rate. ARL4A is located in both the nuclear and extranuclear cell compartments. Multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

presenilin associated, rhomboid-like pseudogene

zinc finger protein 705A-like

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1-like

kelch-like family member 6

This gene encodes a member of the kelch-like (KLHL) family of proteins, which is involved in B-lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling and germinal-center B-cell maturation. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal broad-complex, tramtrack and bric a brac (BTB) domain that facilitates protein binding and dimerization, a BTB and C-terminal kelch (BACK) domain, and six C-terminal kelch repeat domains. Naturally occurring mutations in this gene are associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

kelch-like family member 7

This gene encodes a BTB-Kelch-related protein. The encoded protein may be involved in protein degradation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with retinitis pigmentosa 42. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

kelch-like family member 4

This gene encodes a member of the kelch family of proteins, which are characterized by kelch repeat motifs and a POZ/BTB protein-binding domain. It is thought that kelch repeats are actin binding domains. However, the specific function of this protein has not been determined. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

kelch-like family member 5

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Predicted to be involved in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol. Predicted to be part of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. Implicated in cocaine dependence. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kelch-like family member 2

Enables actin binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Predicted to be involved in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process and protein ubiquitination. Located in actin cytoskeleton. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

kelch-like family member 3

This gene is ubiquitously expressed and encodes a full-length protein which has an N-terminal BTB domain followed by a BACK domain and six kelch-like repeats in the C-terminus. These kelch-like repeats promote substrate ubiquitination of bound proteins via interaction of the BTB domain with the CUL3 (cullin 3) component of a cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complex. Muatations in this gene cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type IID (PHA2D); a rare Mendelian syndrome featuring hypertension, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

kelch-like family member 1

The KLHL1 protein belongs to a family of actin-organizing proteins related to Drosophila Kelch (Nemes et al., 2000 [PubMed 10888605]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010]

kelch-like family member 8

Predicted to enable ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity. Involved in protein ubiquitination and ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]