Harmonizome 3.0

hydroxyacid oxidase (glycolate oxidase) 1

This gene is one of three related genes that have 2-hydroxyacid oxidase activity yet differ in encoded protein amino acid sequence, tissue expression and substrate preference. Subcellular location of the encoded protein is the peroxisome. Specifically, this gene is expressed primarily in liver and pancreas and the encoded protein is most active on glycolate, a two-carbon substrate. The protein is also active on 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The transcript detected at high levels in pancreas may represent an alternatively spliced form or the use of a multiple near-consensus upstream polyadenylation site. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) 1 pseudogene

cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1 pseudogene 1

cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1 pseudogene 2

urate oxidase, pseudogene

Urate oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin. This gene has been inactivated by mutation and is nonfunctional in humans and some other primates. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

amine oxidase, copper containing 2 (retina-specific)

Copper amine oxidases catalyze the oxidative conversion of amines to aldehydes and ammonia in the presence of copper and quinone cofactor. This gene shows high sequence similarity to copper amine oxidases from various species ranging from bacteria to mammals. The protein contains several conserved motifs including the active site of amine oxidases and the histidine residues that likely bind copper. It may be a critical modulator of signal transmission in retina, possibly by degrading the biogenic amines dopamine, histamine, and putrescine. This gene may be a candidate gene for hereditary ocular diseases. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIc pseudogene

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous) pseudogene 7

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous) pseudogene 5

D-amino acid oxidase activator

This gene encodes a protein that may function as an activator of D-amino acid oxidase, which degrades the gliotransmitter D-serine, a potent activator of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptors. Studies also suggest that one encoded isoform may play a role in mitochondrial function and dendritic arborization. Polymorphisms in this gene have been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer of proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This gene encodes the nuclear-encoded subunit Va of the human mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme. A pseudogene COX5AP1 has been found in chromosome 14q22. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb

Cytochrome C oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer and proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This gene encodes the nuclear-encoded subunit Vb of the human mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 like

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein similar to polypeptides 1 and 2 of subunit VIIa in the C-terminal region, and also highly similar to the mouse Sig81 protein sequence. This gene is expressed in all tissues, and upregulated in a breast cancer cell line after estrogen treatment. It is possible that this gene represents a regulatory subunit of COX and mediates the higher level of energy production in target cells by estrogen. Several transcript variants, some protein-coding and others non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

SCO1 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein

Mammalian cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In yeast, 2 related COX assembly genes, SCO1 and SCO2 (synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase), enable subunits 1 and 2 to be incorporated into the holoprotein. This gene is the human homolog to the yeast SCO1 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I pseudogene

monoamine oxidase B

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. It is a enzyme located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. It catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and plays an important role in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous sysytem and peripheral tissues. This protein preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

monoamine oxidase A

This gene is one of two neighboring gene family members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amines, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Mutation of this gene results in Brunner syndrome. This gene has also been associated with a variety of other psychiatric disorders, including antisocial behavior. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc pseudogene 4

translational activator of mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I

This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that function as a translational activator of mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome c oxidase 1. Mutations in this gene are associated with Leigh syndrome.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIb2

Predicted to be involved in mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen. Predicted to act upstream of or within spermatogenesis. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc

Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes subunit VIc, which has 77% amino acid sequence identity with mouse subunit VIc. This gene is up-regulated in prostate cancer cells. A pseudogene has been found on chromosomes 16p12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase

The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the terminal, rate-limiting step in the synthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, also known as vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 is a required co-factor for enzymes involved in both homocysteine metabolism and synthesis of neurotransmitters such as catecholamine. Mutations in this gene result in pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency, a form of neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 1

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in the electron transfer and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes polypeptide 1 (liver isoform) of subunit VIa, and polypeptide 1 is found in all non-muscle tissues. Polypeptide 2 (heart/muscle isoform) of subunit VIa is encoded by a different gene, and is present only in striated muscles. These two polypeptides share 66% amino acid sequence identity. It has been reported that there may be several pseudogenes on chromosomes 1, 6, 7q21, 7q31-32 and 12. However, only one pseudogene (COX6A1P) on chromosome 1p31.1 has been documented. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 2

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes polypeptide 2 (heart/muscle isoform) of subunit VIa, and polypeptide 2 is present only in striated muscles. Polypeptide 1 (liver isoform) of subunit VIa is encoded by a different gene, and is found in all non-muscle tissues. These two polypeptides share 66% amino acid sequence identity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

oxidase (cytochrome c) assembly 1-like

This gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein that is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein is essential for the translocation of the N-terminal tail of subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase, and is involved in the assembly of the cytochrome c oxidase and ATPase complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

COX19 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor

COX19 encodes a cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-assembly protein. The S. cerevisiae Cox19 protein may play a role in metal transport to the mitochondrial intermembrane space and assembly of complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Sacconi et al., 2005 [PubMed 16212937]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

dual oxidase 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a glycoprotein and a member of the NADPH oxidase family. The synthesis of thyroid hormone is catalyzed by a protein complex located at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells. This complex contains an iodide transporter, thyroperoxidase, and a peroxide generating system that includes proteins encoded by this gene and the similar DUOX2 gene. This protein is known as dual oxidase because it has both a peroxidase homology domain and a gp91phox domain. This protein generates hydrogen peroxide and thereby plays a role in the activity of thyroid peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, and in lactoperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial defense at mucosal surfaces. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

dual oxidase 2

The protein encoded by this gene is a glycoprotein and a member of the NADPH oxidase family. The synthesis of thyroid hormone is catalyzed by a protein complex located at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells. This complex contains an iodide transporter, thyroperoxidase, and a peroxide generating system that includes this encoded protein and DUOX1. This protein is known as dual oxidase because it has both a peroxidase homology domain and a gp91phox domain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NADPH oxidase 1

This gene encodes a member of the NADPH oxidase family of enzymes responsible for the catalytic one-electron transfer of oxygen to generate superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

NADPH oxidase 3

This gene encodes a member of the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes have the capacity to generate superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transport electrons across the plasma membrane. The ROS generated by family members have been implicated in numerous biological functions including host defense, posttranlational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. The protein encoded by this gene is expressed predominantly in the inner ear and is involved in the biogenesis of otoconia/otolith, which are crystalline structures of the inner ear involved in the perception of gravity.[provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

NADPH oxidase, EF-hand calcium binding domain 5

Enables proton channel activity and superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Involved in several processes, including endothelial cell proliferation; proton transmembrane transport; and superoxide anion generation. Located in endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NADPH oxidase 4

This gene encodes a member of the NOX-family of enzymes that functions as the catalytic subunit the NADPH oxidase complex. The encoded protein is localized to non-phagocytic cells where it acts as an oxygen sensor and catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen to various reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS generated by this protein have been implicated in numerous biological functions including signal transduction, cell differentiation and tumor cell growth. A pseudogene has been identified on the other arm of chromosome 11. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 2

QSOX2 is a member of the sulfhydryl oxidase/quiescin-6 (Q6) family (QSOX1; MIM 603120) that regulates the sensitization of neuroblastoma cells for IFN-gamma (IFNG; MIM 147570)-induced cell death (Wittke et al., 2003 [PubMed 14633699]).[supplied by OMIM, Jun 2009]

renalase, FAD-dependent amine oxidase

Enables several functions, including NADH binding activity; epinephrine binding activity; and monoamine oxidase activity. Involved in negative regulation of blood pressure and negative regulation of heart rate. Located in extracellular region. Implicated in essential hypertension and hypertension. Biomarker of end stage renal disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

prenylcysteine oxidase 1 like

Predicted to enable prenylcysteine oxidase activity. Predicted to be involved in neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium and prenylated protein catabolic process. Located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acyl-CoA oxidase-like

Predicted to enable acyl-CoA oxidase activity; fatty acid binding activity; and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding activity. Predicted to be involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase. Predicted to be located in peroxisomal matrix. Predicted to be active in peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

acyl-CoA oxidase 3, pristanoyl

Acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 3 also know as pristanoyl -CoA oxidase (ACOX3)is involved in the desaturation of 2-methyl branched fatty acids in peroxisomes. Unlike the rat homolog, the human gene is expressed in very low amounts in liver such that its mRNA was undetectable by routine Northern-blot analysis or its product by immunoblotting or by enzyme activity measurements. However the human cDNA encoding a 700 amino acid protein with a peroxisomal targeting C-terminal tripeptide S-K-L was isolated and is thought to be expressed under special conditions such as specific developmental stages or in a tissue specific manner in tissues that have not yet been examined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

acyl-CoA oxidase 1, palmitoyl

The protein encoded by this gene is the first enzyme of the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway, which catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. It donates electrons directly to molecular oxygen, thereby producing hydrogen peroxide. Defects in this gene result in pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, a disease that is characterized by accumulation of very long chain fatty acids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb pseudogene 8

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb pseudogene 4

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb pseudogene 5

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb pseudogene 6

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb pseudogene 7

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb pseudogene 1

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb pseudogene 2

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb pseudogene 3

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIb pseudogene

sterol-C4-methyl oxidase pseudogene

COX17 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone pseudogene 1

quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1

This gene encodes a protein that contains domains of thioredoxin and ERV1, members of two long-standing gene families. The gene expression is induced as fibroblasts begin to exit the proliferative cycle and enter quiescence, suggesting that this gene plays an important role in growth regulation. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

COX20 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor pseudogene 2

COX20 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor pseudogene 1

polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino)

Enables polyamine oxidase activity. Involved in polyamine metabolic process and positive regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol and peroxisomal matrix. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. Implicated in lung non-small cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

amine oxidase, copper containing 3

This gene encodes a member of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase family. Copper amine oxidases catalyze the oxidative conversion of amines to aldehydes in the presence of copper and quinone cofactor. The encoded protein is localized to the cell surface, has adhesive properties as well as monoamine oxidase activity, and may be involved in leukocyte trafficking. Alterations in levels of the encoded protein may be associated with many diseases, including diabetes mellitus. A pseudogene of this gene has been described and is located approximately 9-kb downstream on the same chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013]

spermine oxidase

Polyamines are ubiquitous polycationic alkylamines which include spermine, spermidine, putrescine, and agmatine. These molecules participate in a broad range of cellular functions which include cell cycle modulation, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and the control of gene expression. These molecules also play important roles in neurotransmission through their regulation of cell-surface receptor activity, involvement in intracellular signalling pathways, and their putative roles as neurotransmitters. This gene encodes an FAD-containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of spermine to spermadine and secondarily produces hydrogen peroxide. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoenzymes have been identified for this gene, some of which have failed to demonstrate significant oxidase activity on natural polyamine substrates. The characterized isoenzymes have distinctive biochemical characteristics and substrate specificities, suggesting the existence of additional levels of complexity in polyamine catabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

SCO1 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein pseudogene

dual oxidase maturation factor 1

Dual oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are NADPH oxidases which are involved in hydrogen peroxide production necessary for thyroid hormonogenesis. They form a heterodimer with specific maturation factors DUOXA1 and DUOXA2, respectively, which is essential for the maturation and function of the DUOX enzyme complexes. This gene encodes the DUOX1 activator or maturation factor DUOXA1. Rat studies identified a bidirectional promoter which controls the transcription of the DUOX1 and DUOXA1 genes. This protein is cotransported to the cell surface when coexpressed with DUOX1 and is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum when expressed without DUOX1 protein. The expression of this gene or the DUOX1 gene is not suppressed by thyroglobulin (Tg), a macromolecular precursor in thyroid hormone synthesis, while the expression of the DUOX2 and DUOXA2 are significantly suppressed by the Tg. This protein is also a p53-regulated neurogenic factor involved in p53 dependent neuronal differentiation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

dual oxidase maturation factor 2

This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum protein that is necessary for proper cellular localization and maturation of functional dual oxidase 2. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis 5.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

amine oxidase, copper containing 4, pseudogene

coproporphyrinogen oxidase

The protein encoded by this gene is the sixth enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway. The encoded enzyme is soluble and found in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. This enzyme catalyzes the stepwise oxidative decarboxylation of coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrinogen IX, a precursor of heme. Defects in this gene are a cause of hereditary coproporphyria (HCP).[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

COX14 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor

This gene encodes a small single-pass transmembrane protein that localizes to mitochondria. This protein may play a role in coordinating the early steps of cytochrome c oxidase (COX; also known as complex IV) subunit assembly and, in particular, the synthesis and assembly of the COX I subunit of the holoenzyme. Mutations in this gene have been associated with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

amine oxidase, copper containing 1

This gene encodes a metal-binding membrane glycoprotein that oxidatively deaminates putrescine, histamine, and related compounds. The encoded protein is inhibited by amiloride, a diuretic that acts by closing epithelial sodium ion channels. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

lysyl oxidase-like 1

This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase family of proteins. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyzes the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagen and elastin. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family. Mutations in this gene are associated with exfoliation syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

lysyl oxidase-like 2

This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

lysyl oxidase-like 3

This gene encodes a lysyl oxidase, which likely functions as an amine oxidase and plays a role in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. Deletion of the related gene in mouse causes neonatal mortality with cleft palate, spine deformity, and defects in collagen organization. A mutation in this gene was found in a family with Stickler syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

lysyl oxidase-like 4

This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIb pseudogene 2

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIb pseudogene 1

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 (liver) pseudogene 2

Predicted to be involved in mitochondrial respirasome assembly and regulation of oxidative phosphorylation. Predicted to be located in mitochondrial inner membrane. Predicted to be part of respiratory chain complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 like pseudogene

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIb pseudogene

pipecolic acid oxidase

Enables L-pipecolate oxidase activity and sarcosine oxidase activity. Involved in L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate. Located in peroxisome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc pseudogene 5

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc pseudogene 6

aldehyde oxidase 1

Aldehyde oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide and, under certain conditions, can catalyze the formation of superoxide. Aldehyde oxidase is a candidate gene for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

COX18 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor

This gene encodes a cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein. The encoded protein is essential for integral membrane protein insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also required for cytochrome c oxidase assembly and activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

COX10 heme A:farnesyltransferase cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes heme A:farnesyltransferase, which is not a structural subunit but required for the expression of functional COX and functions in the maturation of the heme A prosthetic group of COX. This protein is predicted to contain 7-9 transmembrane domains localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. A gene mutation, which results in the substitution of a lysine for an asparagine (N204K), is identified to be responsible for cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. In addition, this gene is disrupted in patients with CMT1A (Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A) duplication and with HNPP (hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies) deletion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

COX11 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein which is not a structural subunit, but may be a heme A biosynthetic enzyme involved in COX formation, according to the yeast mutant studies. However, the studies in Rhodobacter sphaeroides suggest that this gene is not required for heme A biosynthesis, but required for stable formation of the Cu(B) and magnesium centers of COX. This human protein is predicted to contain a transmembrane domain localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A related pseudogene has been found on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009]

cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog 15 (yeast)

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein which is not a structural subunit, but may be essential for the biogenesis of COX formation and may function in the hydroxylation of heme O, according to the yeast mutant studies. This protein is predicted to contain 5 transmembrane domains localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Alternative splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants diverging in the 3' region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

COX16 cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Involved in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. Implicated in mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 22. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

COX17 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein which is not a structural subunit, but may be involved in the recruitment of copper to mitochondria for incorporation into the COX apoenzyme. This protein shares 92% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat Cox17 proteins. This gene is no longer considered to be a candidate gene for COX deficiency. A pseudogene COX17P has been found on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) 1

This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that catalyzes the first step in proline degradation. Mutations in this gene are associated with hyperprolinemia type 1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia 4 (SCZD4). This gene is located on chromosome 22q11.21, a region which has also been associated with the contiguous gene deletion syndromes, DiGeorge and CATCH22. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIc pseudogene 1

mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II pseudogene

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 1 pseudogene 2

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 1 pseudogene 1

cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 5

This gene encodes an ortholog of yeast Pet191, which in yeast is a subunit of a large oligomeric complex associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane, and required for the assembly of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, a disorder of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, ranging from isolated myopathy to a severe disease affecting several tissues and organs. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Predicted to be involved in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 (putative)

Involved in respiratory chain complex IV assembly. Located in mitochondrion and nucleoplasm. Is active in mitochondrial intermembrane space. Implicated in spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy type 3. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B family. The encoded protein associates with cytochrome c oxidase may act has an cytochrome c oxidase mitochondrial respiratory complex VI assembly factor. Mutations in this gene may be associated with fatal infantile cardiomyopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Involved in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in cytosol and mitochondrial inner membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 3

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor family. Studies of a related gene in fly suggest that the encoded protein is localized to mitochondria and is essential for cytochrome c oxidase function. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

gulonolactone (L-) oxidase, pseudogene

This gene is nonfunctional in humans and other primates. In most mammalian species the corresponding gene encodes L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase which catalyzes the last step of ascorbic acid biosynthesis. The human gene is a remnant that lacks five of twelve exons found in functional rodent genes. The loss of enzyme activity results in hypoascorbemia or the inability to synthesize vitamin C. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

NADPH oxidase 4 pseudogene

aldehyde oxidase 2 pseudogene

cytochrome c oxidase subunit I

Contributes to cytochrome-c oxidase activity. Predicted to be involved in aerobic respiration; positive regulation of vasoconstriction; and respiratory electron transport chain. Located in mitochondrion. Part of mitochondrial membrane and respiratory chain complex IV. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit II

Contributes to cytochrome-c oxidase activity. Predicted to be involved in mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen and positive regulation of vasoconstriction. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane. Part of mitochondrial membrane and respiratory chain complex IV. Biomarker of Huntington's disease and stomach cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase III

Predicted to contribute to cytochrome-c oxidase activity. Involved in respiratory chain complex IV assembly. Located in mitochondrion. Part of mitochondrial membrane and respiratory chain complex IV. Implicated in MELAS syndrome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 like pseudogene

D-aspartate oxidase

The protein encoded by this gene is a peroxisomal flavoprotein that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-aspartate and N-methyl D-aspartate. Flavin adenine dinucleotide or 6-hydroxyflavin adenine dinucleotide can serve as the cofactor in this reaction. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2019]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIIB, pseudogene

Cytochrome c oxidase is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits. In addition a number of cytochrome c oxidase subunit pseudogenes have been found. This gene represents a subunit which has been inactivated by mutation and is nonfunctional in humans. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

prenylcysteine oxidase 1 pseudogene

NADPH oxidase organizer 1

This gene encodes an NADPH oxidase (NOX) organizer, which positively regulates NOX1 and NOX3. The protein contains a PX domain and two SH3 domains. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012]

proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) 2

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the first step in the catabolism of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, an amino acid derivative obtained through food intake and collagen turnover. One of the downstream products of this catabolism is glyoxylate, which in people with disorders of glyoxalate metabolism can lead to an increase in oxalate levels and the formation of calcium-oxalate kidney stones. Therefore, this gene may serve as a therapeutic target against primary hyperoxalurias (PH). This gene is similar to proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) 1, a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first step in proline catabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

COX20 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor

This gene encodes a protein that plays a role in the assembly of cytochrome C oxidase, an important component of the respiratory pathway. It contains two transmembrane helices and localizes to the mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in this gene can cause mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, which results in ataxia and muscle hypotonia. There are multiple pseudogenes for this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

membrane primary amine oxidase-like

SCO2 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen, which helps to maintain the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that is necessary for aerobic ATP production. Human COX is a multimeric protein complex that requires several assembly factors; this gene encodes one of the COX assembly factors. The encoded protein is a metallochaperone that is involved in the biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. Mutations in this gene are associated with fatal infantile encephalocardiomyopathy and myopia 6. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

sulfite oxidase pseudogene

prenylcysteine oxidase 1

Prenylcysteine is released during the degradation of prenylated proteins. PCYOX1 catalyzes the degradation of prenylcysteine to yield free cysteines and a hydrophobic isoprenoid product (Tschantz et al., 1999 [PubMed 10585463]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc pseudogene 1

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc pseudogene 2

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc pseudogene 3

cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 2 (lung)

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes isoform 2 of subunit IV. Isoform 1 of subunit IV is encoded by a different gene, however, the two genes show a similar structural organization. Subunit IV is the largest nuclear encoded subunit which plays a pivotal role in COX regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer and proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This gene encodes the nuclear-encoded subunit IV isoform 1 of the human mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme. It is located at the 3' of the NOC4 (neighbor of COX4) gene in a head-to-head orientation, and shares a promoter with it. Pseudogenes related to this gene are located on chromosomes 13 and 14. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

lysyl oxidase

This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase family of proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate a regulatory propeptide and the mature enzyme. The copper-dependent amine oxidase activity of this enzyme functions in the crosslinking of collagens and elastin, while the propeptide may play a role in tumor suppression. In addition, defects in this gene have been linked with predisposition to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

COX11 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone pseudogene 1

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 1 (muscle)

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes polypeptide 1 (muscle isoform) of subunit VIIa and the polypeptide 1 is present only in muscle tissues. Other polypeptides of subunit VIIa are present in both muscle and nonmuscle tissues, and are encoded by different genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 (liver)

Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of three catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes, and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, while the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes polypeptide 2 (liver isoform) of subunit VIIa, with this polypeptide being present in both muscle and non-muscle tissues. In addition to polypeptide 2, subunit VIIa includes polypeptide 1 (muscle isoform), which is present only in muscle tissues, and a related protein, which is present in all tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 4 and 14. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIb

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes subunit VIIb, which is highly similar to bovine COX VIIb protein and is found in all tissues. This gene may have several pseudogenes on chromosomes 1, 2, 20 and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIc

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes subunit VIIc, which shares 87% and 85% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and bovine COX VIIc, respectively, and is found in all tissues. A pseudogene COX7CP1 has been found on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous)

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. It is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes subunit VIb. Mutations in this gene are associated with severe infantile encephalomyopathy. Three pseudogenes COX6BP-1, COX6BP-2 and COX6BP-3 have been found on chromosomes 7, 17 and 22q13.1-13.2, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 2 (testis)

Predicted to be involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Located in mitochondrial crista. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

D-amino-acid oxidase

This gene encodes the peroxisomal enzyme D-amino acid oxidase. The enzyme is a flavoprotein which uses flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as its prosthetic group. Its substrates include a wide variety of D-amino acids, but it is inactive on the naturally occurring L-amino acids. Its biological function is not known; it may act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids that accumulate during aging. In mice, it degrades D-serine, a co-agonist of the NMDA receptor. This gene may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 (liver) pseudogene 1

mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III pseudogene

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous) pseudogene 4

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous) pseudogene 3

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous) pseudogene 2

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous) pseudogene 1

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 1 (ubiquitous) pseudogene 6

protoporphyrinogen oxidase

This gene encodes the penultimate enzyme of heme biosynthesis, which catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to form protoporphyrin IX. Mutations in this gene cause variegate porphyria, an autosomal dominant disorder of heme metabolism resulting from a deficiency in protoporphyrinogen oxidase, an enzyme located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

NADPH oxidase activator 1

This gene encodes a protein which activates NADPH oxidases, enzymes which catalyze a reaction generating reactive oxygen species. The encoded protein contains four N-terminal tetratricopeptide domains and a C-terminal Src homology 3 domain. Interaction between the encoded protein and proteins in the oxidase regulatory complex occur via the tetratricopeptide domains. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIIC

Predicted to be involved in mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIIA (ubiquitous)

The protein encoded by this gene is the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain, coupling the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen, with the concomitant production of a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition to 3 mitochondrially encoded subunits, which perform the catalytic function, the eukaryotic enzyme contains nuclear-encoded smaller subunits, ranging in number from 4 in some organisms to 10 in mammals. It has been proposed that nuclear-encoded subunits may be involved in the modulation of the catalytic function. This gene encodes one of the nuclear-encoded subunits. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va pseudogene 2

cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va pseudogene 1

sulfite oxidase

Sulfite oxidase is a homodimeric protein localized to the intermembrane space of mitochondria. Each subunit contains a heme domain and a molybdopterin-binding domain. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, the final reaction in the oxidative degradation of the sulfur amino acids cysteine and methionine. Sulfite oxidase deficiency results in neurological abnormalities which are often fatal at an early age. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding identical proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 1 pseudogene 3

cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 8

This gene encodes a protein that localizes to the mitochondria, where it stimulates the release of cytochrome c, thereby promoting programmed cell death. Mutations in this gene have been found in individuals with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

aldehyde oxidase 3, pseudogene

Predicted to enable aldehyde oxidase activity; electron transfer activity; and molybdenum ion binding activity. Predicted to be located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

cytochrome c oxidase associated subunit FA4

cytochrome c oxidase hypoxia associated subunit FA4L2

cytochrome c oxidase associated subunit FA4L3

cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1221

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1227

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1091

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1090

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1093

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1095

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1094

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1097

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1096

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1098

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 320

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 323

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 324

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 326

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 327

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 328

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1215

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1214

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 847

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 849

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1251

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1250

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1257

CCDC26 long non-coding RNA

Implicated in brain cancer and high grade glioma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1255

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1491

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1490

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1198

Biomarker of malignant astrocytoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1194

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1195

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1197

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1191

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1192

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1193

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1360

hepatocellular carcinoma up-regulated EZH2-associated long non-coding RNA

Biomarker of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1365

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1547

Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1546

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1545

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1549

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1548

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 633

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 630

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 636

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 637

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 635

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 638

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 639

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1348

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1550

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1551

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1552

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 879

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 877

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 870

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 871

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 265-3, pseudogene

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 969

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 404

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 400

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 403

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 402

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 408

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1510

This gene encodes a natural antisense transcript highly expressed in papillary thyroid carcinomas harboring BRAF V600E mutation or RET gene rearrangements. This lncRNA induces the downstream MAPK pathway and is part of a co-expression network including different oncogenes belonging to the MAPK and PI3H/AKT pathways. In thyroid carcinomas, this gene has oncogenic properties associated with increased proliferation and drug resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2020]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1114

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1115

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1116

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1117

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1111

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1118

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1514

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 244

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 243

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 242

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 240

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 939

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 938

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 930

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 933

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 935

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; and sperm flagellum. Predicted to be active in axonemal A tubule inner sheath. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 934

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 937

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 443

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1099

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 322

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1327

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1324

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1322

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1320

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 433

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1424

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1425

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1426

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1427

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1420

Involved in negative regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly and nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process. Located in P-body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1422

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1423

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1428

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1280

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1281

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1282

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1284

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1285

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1287

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1288

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1289

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 488

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 484

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 487

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 486

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 483

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 482

Split-hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency 3

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 266-4, pseudogene

LLP homolog, long-term synaptic facilitation (Aplysia)

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in dendrite extension and positive regulation of dendritic spine development. Located in chromosome and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1363

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 526

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 527

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 524

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 525

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 523

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 520

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 521

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 528

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 529

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1499

oligodendrocyte maturation-associated long intergenic non-coding RNA

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 200

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 207

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 52

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 165

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1252

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1256

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1254

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1258

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1590

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1591

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1592

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1594

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1599

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1046

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1047

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1044

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1043

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1040

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1049

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 311

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 310

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 313

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 312

This gene produces an intronless transcript that is thought to function as a tumor suppressor. This transcript is downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and is a negative regulator of estrogen receptor signaling. A common polymorphism in this transcript allows the production of a 94 aa open reading frame in some individuals, which may interact directly with estrogen receptor 1 (PMID:15474036). This open reading frame does not exist on the reference genome haplotype, which is hypothesized to function through a non-coding RNA product. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 315

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 314

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 316

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, muscle differentiation 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that regulates the reprogramming of pluripotent stem cells. This RNA suppresses induction of tumor protein p53 after DNA damage. It is thought to act as a sponge for microRNAs that regulate stem cell factors POU class 5 homeobox 1, Nanog, and SRY-box 2. This RNA may also have a extracellular role in modulating response to hypoxia in hepatocellular cancer cells. Expression of this transcript is associated with tumor progression and epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 571

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1209

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1201

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1202

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1203

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1204

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1205

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1206

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1207

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1452

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1166

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 415

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 411

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1088

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1518

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1519

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1516

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 391

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 393

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 392

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 395

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 396

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 399

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 398

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 152

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that is overexpressed in cancer cells and promotes cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This RNA may bind enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and participate in the transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes. It may act as a sponge for microRNAs. Alternatively spliced variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 159

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 158

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 845

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 844

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 841

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 840

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 843

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 842

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1495

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1494

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1497

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1496

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1493

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1492

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1498

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 458

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 459

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 452

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 456

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 457

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 454

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 954

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1128

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1125

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1124

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1126

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1121

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1120

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1123

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1122

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 298

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 299

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 294

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 297

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 293

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 364

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1402

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1024

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 643

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 642

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 641

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 640

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 645

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 644

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 649

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 648

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 251

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 929

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 603

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1419

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1415

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1416

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1411

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1413

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1412

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 504

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 505

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 506

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 507

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 501

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 216

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 210

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 211

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 967

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 964

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 965

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 963

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 960

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 961

Involved in cellular response to amino acid stimulus and negative regulation of TORC1 signaling. Located in late endosome membrane and lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1608

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1609

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1604

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1605

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1606

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1607

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1600

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1601

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1602

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1603

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 559

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 558

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 557

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 556

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 555

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 552

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 551

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 550

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1337

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1375

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1376

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1377

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1370

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1378

promoter of MAT2A antisense radiation-induced circulating long non-coding RNA

Enables dsDNA-RNA triple helix-forming chromatin adaptor activity and mRNA binding activity. Involved in cellular response to ionizing radiation and regulatory ncRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation. Is active in cytosol and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1484

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 28

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1483

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 160

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1039

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1038

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1036

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1033

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1032

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1031

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1030

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1410

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1231

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1230

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1233

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1237

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 184

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 189

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 448

long stress-induced non-coding transcript 5

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1179

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 441

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 440

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 442

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 445

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 444

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 446

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1234

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1239

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1521

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1520

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1525

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1524

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1527

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1529

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 691

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 692

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 693

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 698

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 346

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 347

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 345

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 342

Biomarker of Huntington's disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 343

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 341

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 348

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1543

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1541

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1544

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 102

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 290

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 266-3

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 266-1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 632

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 634

Involved in neuron maturation. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 1

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several `framework` genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 2

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several `framework` genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the `framework` loci that is present on all haplotypes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 3

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several `framework` genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the `framework` loci that is present on all haplotypes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1176

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1177

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1069

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1065

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 862

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 333

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 331

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1468

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1003

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 618

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 619

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 610

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 612

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 613

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 614

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 615

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 616

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1435

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1151

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 968

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1005

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 892

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 893

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 890

Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 891

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 896

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 894

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 895

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 898

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 899

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1442

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1443

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1440

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1446

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1447

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1444

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1445

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1448

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1449

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 229

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 226

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 221

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 222

apoptotic BCL2L1-antisense long non-coding RNA

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 917

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 911

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 910

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1515

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1349

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1344

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1347

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1346

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1341

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1340

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1343

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1342

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1264

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 710

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 498

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 499

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 997

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 994

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 993

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 992

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 999

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 998

Involved in negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane and mitochondrial membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 508

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 502

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 696

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 317

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1372

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1068

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1060

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1061

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1063

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 339

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 337

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 336

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 334

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 330

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1220

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 29

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 674

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1268

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1266

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1267

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1265

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1260

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1232

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 94

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1384

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 587

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 581

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 582

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 583

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 588

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 589

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1189

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1183

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1182

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1181

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1187

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1186

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1185

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, p53 induced transcript

Involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 378

opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive

This gene encodes for a light absorbing visual pigment of the opsin gene family. The encoded protein is called red cone photopigment or long-wavelength sensitive opsin. Opsins are G-protein coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains, an N-terminal extracellular domain, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. This gene and the medium-wavelength opsin gene are tandemly arrayed on the X chromosome and frequent unequal recombination and gene conversion may occur between these sequences. X chromosomes may have fusions of the medium- and long-wavelength opsin genes or may have more than one copy of these genes. Defects in this gene are the cause of partial, protanopic colorblindness. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1119

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1578

Predicted to be involved in several processes, including adipose tissue development; regulation of gene expression; and thymus development. Predicted to be active in chromatin and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1579

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1574

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1572

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1573

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1570

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1571

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1398

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1399

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1392

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1393

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1391

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1396

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1397

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1395

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 621

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 620

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 623

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 624

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 626

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 629

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 628

Split-hand/foot malformation with long deficiency 2

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 265-2, pseudogene

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 869

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 868

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 867

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 866

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1180

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1184

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 936

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 470

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 472

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 473

Involved in DNA-templated transcription. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 474

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 475

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 476

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 477

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 479

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1103

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1102

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1101

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1100

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1107

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1106

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1105

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1104

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1109

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1108

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 278

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 279

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 708

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 709

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 702

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1312

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1310

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1311

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1314

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1315

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1235

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1433

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1432

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1431

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1430

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1299

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1293

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1291

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1165

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 944

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 945

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 941

Enables promoter-enhancer loop anchoring activity. Involved in chromatin looping and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 942

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 943

ovarian adenocarcinoma amplified long non-coding RNA

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA branch point binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA branch site recognition. Predicted to be part of U2 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 535

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 534

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 537

Predicted to be a structural constituent of ribosome. Predicted to be located in ribosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 536

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 533

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 539

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 538

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1588

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1585

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1583

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1582

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1581

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1580

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1055

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1057

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1056

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1050

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1053

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1059

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1217

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1216

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1210

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1219

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1218

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1213

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 328-2, pseudogene

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1298

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1296

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1507

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1506

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1505

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1503

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1502

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1501

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1500

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1509

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1508

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 368

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 365

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 366

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 367

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 362

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 363

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1144

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1140

mitochondrially encoded long non-coding cardiac associated RNA

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 167

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 162

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 163

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 161

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 836

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 837

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 838

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 839

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1158

Predicted to act upstream of or within regulation of gene expression. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1159

Predicted to act upstream of or within cerebellar cortex structural organization; homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue; and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1150

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1152

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1153

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 283

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 282

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 280

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 284

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 678

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 676

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 677

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 675

Involved in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Located in endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 672

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 673

This gene produces a long non-protein coding RNA that is involved in the regulation of gene expression during tumor progression. This transcript can promote cell proliferation in gastric cancer through interaction with enhancer of zeste 2 and other epigenetic suppressors of gene expression, thereby downregulating target genes including Kruppel like factors 2 and 4. This transcript may also act as a tumor suppressor by promoting interaction between protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (Ptpn11) and ubiquitin ligase, resulting in degradation of Ptpn11 and lowered oncogenic signalling. Naturally-occurring variation at this locus results in the formation of a binding site for miR-1231, which negatively regulates activity of this transcript. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 670

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 671

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 92

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1276

NF-kappaB interacting long non-coding RNA

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 863

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 861

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 865

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 864

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA PNKY

gastric adenocarcinoma associated, positive CD44 regulator, long intergenic non-coding RNA

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1460

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1461

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1465

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1467

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 924

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 485

Split-hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 208

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1450

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 974

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 977

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 971

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 970

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 973

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 972

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 562

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 563

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 560

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 561

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 566

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 567

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 564

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 565

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 471

killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 5B

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several `framework` genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 5A

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several `framework` genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1362

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1361

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1366

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1364

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1002

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1000

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1006

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1007

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1004

Predicted to be a structural constituent of ribosome. Predicted to be located in ribosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1212

HELLP associated long non-coding RNA

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1523

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1522

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1526

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1208

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 202-1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 202-2

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 690

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 694

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 349

senescence associated long non-coding RNA 3

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1001

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1082

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1080

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1081

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1087

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1085

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1089

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 689

Implicated in colorectal cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 687

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 686

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 685

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 684

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 682

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 681

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 355

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 354

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 351

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 350

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 353

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 352

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 359

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 358

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 272

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 273

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 271

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 276

senescence associated long non-coding RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1246

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1241

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1248

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1249

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 599

Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including long-term synaptic potentiation; miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing; and sensory perception of sound. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 598

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 116

Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential; positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion; and triglyceride homeostasis. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 115

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 114

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 113

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 112

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 111

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 996

hepatocellular carcinoma up-regulated long non-coding RNA

This gene produces a long RNA that was discovered as upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with cancer progression. Expression of this transcript is regulated by microRNAs and at the transcriptional level by Sp1 family factors. The transcript may regulate gene expression by functioning as a competing RNA for microRNAs. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1160

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1163

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1164

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1167

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1169

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1168

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1554

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1555

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1556

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1553

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1558

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1559

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 607

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 606

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 605

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 602

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 601

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 609

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 608

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 106

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 881

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 880

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 883

Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including generation of neurons; negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process; and protein stabilization. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 882

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 885

Implicated in cervical cancer. Biomarker of cervical cancer. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 884

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 887

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 886

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 889

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 489

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1451

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1455

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1473

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 417

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 412

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 410

focally amplified long non-coding RNA in epithelial cancer

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 684

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 268-2, pseudogene

DNMT1-associated long intergenic non-coding RNA

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 554

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 254

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 437

senescence associated long non-coding RNA 2

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 928

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 922

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 923

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 921

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 926

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 927

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 925

HOXD antisense growth-associated long non-coding RNA

pentraxin 3, long

This gene encodes a member of the pentraxin protein family. The expression of this protein is induced by inflammatory cytokines in response to inflammatory stimuli in several mesenchymal and epithelial cell types, particularly endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes. The protein promotes fibrocyte differentiation and is involved in regulating inflammation and complement activation. It also plays a role in angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. The protein serves as a biomarker for several inflammatory conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

pentraxin 4, long

This gene belongs to the pentraxin superfamily, whose members encode highly conserved multifunctional proteins. The encoded protein, like other members of this family, contains a conserved pentraxin domain at the C-terminus. The highest levels of expression of the protein were observed in bone marrow, small intestine and testes. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1338

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1339

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1330

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1331

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1335

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1336

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 51

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 332

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1317

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1048

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 494

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 492

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 493

Enables protein kinase binding activity and transmembrane transporter binding activity. Located in mitochondrial outer membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 491

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 920

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1479

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1387

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 519

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 518

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 511

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 517

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 515

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 514

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1597

TNF and HNRNPL related immunoregulatory long non-coding RNA

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1333

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 319

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 237

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1072

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1070

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1075

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 308

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 309

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 302

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 303

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 301

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 307

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 304

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 305

Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1429

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1170

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1279

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1278

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1277

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1271

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1270

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1273

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 593

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 592

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 597

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 596

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 595