Harmonizome 3.0

telomerase RNA component

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, and an RNA component, encoded by this gene, that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. Studies in mouse suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita, and may also be associated with some cases of aplastic anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

telomerase RNA component interacting RNase

Enables 3'-5' exonuclease activity and 5'-3' exonuclease activity. Involved in rRNA catabolic process. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1

SAMSN1 is a member of a novel gene family of putative adaptors and scaffold proteins containing SH3 and SAM (sterile alpha motif) domains (Claudio et al., 2001 [PubMed 11536050]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

nuclear protein localization 4 homolog (S. cerevisiae)

Predicted to enable ubiquitin binding activity and ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Predicted to contribute to K48-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding activity and K63-linked polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway; negative regulation of type I interferon production; and proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process. Located in nucleus. Part of UFD1-NPL4 complex and VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

odr-4 GPCR localization factor homolog

Predicted to be involved in protein localization. Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SMC5-SMC6 complex localization factor 2

Enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of cellular component organization; positive regulation of double-strand break repair; and protein localization to site of double-strand break. Located in PML body; chromatin; and site of double-strand break. Implicated in mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SMC5-SMC6 complex localization factor 1

Enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of cellular component organization; positive regulation of double-strand break repair; and protein localization to site of double-strand break. Located in nucleoplasm and site of double-strand break. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

PIN2/TERF1 interacting, telomerase inhibitor 1

Enables telomerase RNA binding activity and telomerase inhibitor activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process; positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus; and protein localization to organelle. Acts upstream of or within telomere maintenance via telomerase. Located in several cellular components, including chromosomal region; nuclear lumen; and spindle. Implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

repressor of telomerase expression 1

telomerase reverse transcriptase

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, encoded by this gene, and an RNA component which serves as a template for the telomere repeat. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. Studies in mouse suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms of telomerase reverse transcriptase have been identified; the full-length sequence of some variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing at this locus is thought to be one mechanism of regulation of telomerase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PIN2/TERF1 interacting, telomerase inhibitor 1 pseudogene

telomerase-associated protein 1

This gene product is a component of the ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for telomerase activity which catalyzes the addition of new telomeres on the chromosome ends. The telomerase-associated proteins are conserved from ciliates to humans. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 27

small Cajal body-specific RNA 22

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 23

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 20

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 21

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 5

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Located in Cajal body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 4

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 2

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 9-like

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 13

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Located in Cajal body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 12

This gene produces a small nuclear RNA that localizes specifically to Cajal bodies, which are conserved subnuclear organelles that are present in the nucleoplasm. This RNA is processed from an intron of the prohibitin 2 host gene. It includes both an H/ACA box and a C/D box, and is thought to guide the pseudouridylation of residue U46 in the U5 small nuclear RNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 11

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 10

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Located in Cajal body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 17

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 16

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 15

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. Predicted to be part of RISC complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 14

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 18

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in RNA processing. Box H/ACA snoRNAs, such as SCARNA18, direct the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine at specific residues of ribosomal RNAs or small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) (Gu et al., 2005).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 9

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 8

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 7

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 3

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 1

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small Cajal body-specific RNA 6

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease

This gene encodes the RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease, which cleaves mitochondrial RNA at a priming site of mitochondrial DNA replication. This RNA also interacts with the telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit to form a distinct ribonucleoprotein complex that has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and produces double-stranded RNAs that can be processed into small interfering RNA. Mutations in this gene are associated with cartilage-hair hypoplasia.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

RNA, U5B small nuclear 1

Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U5 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNF219 antisense RNA 1

ATP13A4 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1221

ATP1B3 antisense RNA 1

S1 RNA binding domain 1

Predicted to enable mRNA binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of ribosome. Predicted to be involved in translation. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA lysine (anticodon CUU)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

TPT1 antisense RNA 1

Biomarker of malignant astrocytoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1227

polled intersex syndrome regulated transcript 1 (non-protein coding RNA)

polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide D pseudogene

RNA, U6 small nuclear 67, pseudogene

STAU2 antisense RNA 1

ZNF197 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA alanine (anticodon AGC)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

NCBP2 antisense RNA 1

NCBP2 antisense RNA 2 (head to head)

Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U7 small nuclear 36 pseudogene

transfer RNA-Leu (AAG) 4-1

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 81

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in RNA processing. Box H/ACA snoRNAs, such as SNORA81, direct the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine at specific residues of ribosomal RNAs or small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) (Gu et al., 2005).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 84

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SCAMP1 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Arg (CCT) 5-1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1091

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1090

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1093

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1095

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1094

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1097

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1096

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1098

DOCK9 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Gly (CCC) 1-1

RNA, 18S ribosomal pseudogene 2

OGFR antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 320

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 323

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 324

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 326

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 327

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 328

EIF1AX antisense RNA 1

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-14

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-16

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-17

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-10

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U1 small nuclear 16, pseudogene

NNT antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1215

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1214

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 847

B3GALT5 antisense RNA 1

phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export

Enables mRNA cap binding complex binding activity. Involved in RNA stabilization. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of ribonucleoprotein complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 849

transfer RNA-Trp (CCA) 5-1

CLYBL antisense RNA 2

CLYBL antisense RNA 1

MLK7 antisense RNA 1

TCL1 upstream neural differentiation-associated RNA

Enables ATPase binding activity. Involved in endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis and positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MED4 antisense RNA 1

YEATS2 antisense RNA 1

WASH and IL9R antisense RNA 1

WASH and IL9R antisense RNA 2

transfer RNA-Gly (CCC) 2-2

CYP4A22 antisense RNA 1

TTC21B antisense RNA 1

RNA, U7 small nuclear 53 pseudogene

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1251

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1250

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1257

TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein-like 1

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of RNA-binding proteins, has three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), and binds adenine and uridine-rich elements in mRNA and pre-mRNAs of a wide range of genes. It regulates various activities including translational control, splicing and apoptosis. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The different isoforms have been show to function differently with respect to post-transcriptional silencing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CTBP1 antisense RNA 2 (head to head)

Involved in postreplication repair and recombinational repair. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

APCDD1L antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

RNA, U5A small nuclear 5, pseudogene

OIP5 antisense RNA 1

This is a conserved gene that produces a long non-coding RNA that maintains cell proliferation in embryonic stem cells. This RNA can bind to and negatively regulate the activity of multiple cellular RNAs and microRNAs, including cyclin G associated kinase and ELAV like RNA binding protein 1. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

BCDIN3D antisense RNA 1

KCTD21 antisense RNA 1

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 48

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 90

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 41

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 47

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 44

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 93

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 4B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 4A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Pro (AGG) 1-1

ELFN1 antisense RNA 1

REX1, RNA exonuclease 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)-like 9, pseudogene

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 9-1

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 9-2

NOVA1 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

CCDC26 long non-coding RNA

Implicated in brain cancer and high grade glioma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 17-1

LAMA5 antisense RNA 1

nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transfer RNA-Ser (TGA) 3-1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member J pseudogene

HOXA11 antisense RNA

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA in antisense to transcription of the homeobox A11 gene. This transcript may associate with chromatin factors such as Polycomb repressive complex and act as a sponge for microRNAs, thereby participating in the regulation of expression of target genes. High levels of this transcript may be associated with tumor progression. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

ZBED5 antisense RNA 1

RNA, 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 2

IGBP1 antisense RNA 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 193

UBOX5 antisense RNA 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 190

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 69

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 68

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 65

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 64

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 67

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 66

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 61

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 63

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 62

FAS antisense RNA 1

Predicted to be involved in regulation of gene expression. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Gly (CCC) 5-1

GPR158 antisense RNA 1

JARID2 antisense RNA 1

RNA exonuclease 1 homolog

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 325

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 324

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 327

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 326

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 321

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 320

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 323

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 322

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 329

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 328

CDIPT antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1255

transfer RNA-Trp (CCA) 4-1

U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1-like 4

Predicted to enable pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding activity. Predicted to be involved in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Predicted to be located in nucleoplasm. Predicted to be part of U2AF complex and spliceosomal complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U2 small nuclear 6, pseudogene

CNTN4 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 6-1

adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A1 antisense RNA 1

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 91B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 91A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LDLRAD4 antisense RNA 1

MCF2L antisense RNA 1

CYP1B1 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 2-4

transfer RNA-Ser (TGA) 3-1

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 2-1

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 2-2

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 2-3

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1491

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1490

PROSER2 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1198

Biomarker of malignant astrocytoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1194

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1195

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1197

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1191

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1192

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1193

RPS6KA2 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Asp (GTC) 6-1

LPP antisense RNA 2

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-6

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-7

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-4

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 2-6

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 2-5

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-1

This gene encodes a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) that is found clustered with dozens of other similar snoRNAs on chromosome 15. These genes are found mostly within introns of the IC-SNURF-SNRPN transcript, which is paternally imprinted and from the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome (PWS) region. This gene has been designated as copy 1 of the cluster and may be involved in the regulation of RNA editing and/or alternative splicing of the serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) transcript. This gene is not thought to play a major role in PWS. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 2-3

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 2-2

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 2-1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1360

SIRPG antisense RNA 1

PRR34 antisense RNA 1

TMEM220 antisense RNA 1

TP73 antisense RNA 1

PCBP1 antisense RNA 1

hepatocellular carcinoma up-regulated EZH2-associated long non-coding RNA

Biomarker of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CACNA1G antisense RNA 1

HOXB cluster antisense RNA 3

Involved in negative regulation of pre-miRNA processing; protein stabilization; and regulation of RNA splicing. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

HOXB cluster antisense RNA 4

transfer RNA arginine (anticodon ACG)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1365

ATE1 antisense RNA 1

Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nuclear speck. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 9-4

LSM5 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

TESC antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 109

EPN2 antisense RNA 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 101

AATK antisense RNA 1

Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in skeletal muscle contraction. Predicted to be part of troponin complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 1

Implicated in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Asn (GTT) 8-1

ALOX12 antisense RNA 1

RNA, U6 small nuclear 46, pseudogene

transfer RNA-Leu (TAG) 1-1

CDKN1A antisense RNA 1

ZNF252P antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Asn (GTT) 17-1

COL18A1 antisense RNA 2

nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transfer RNA-Leu (TAA) 1-1

transfer RNA-Gln (CTG) 8-2

LNX1 antisense RNA 2

IGFBP7 antisense RNA 1

WWC2 antisense RNA 2

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 94

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 97

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 99

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 98

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1547

Located in endoplasmic reticulum. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1546

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1545

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1549

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1548

transfer RNA-Thr (CGT) 2-1

NHS antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 633

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 630

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 636

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 637

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 635

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 638

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 639

DLGAP4 antisense RNA 1

NLGN1 antisense RNA 1

KRTAP5-1/KRTAP5-2 antisense RNA 1

MMP25 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 2-1

ZMYM4 antisense RNA 1

NAV2 antisense RNA 2

NAV2 antisense RNA 3

NAV2 antisense RNA 4

NAV2 antisense RNA 5

PGM5P4 antisense RNA 1

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 45A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-undetermined (NNN) 6-1

carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 2 pseudogene

synaptotagmin binding, cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein

This gene encodes a member of the cellular heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family. hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins that complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) and regulate alternative splicing, polyadenylation, and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. The encoded protein plays a role in multiple aspects of mRNA maturation and is associated with several multiprotein complexes including the apoB RNA editing-complex and survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

transfer RNA-Gln (CTG) 18-1

RNA guanylyltransferase and 5'-phosphatase

Enables inorganic triphosphate phosphatase activity and mRNA guanylyltransferase activity. Involved in 7-methylguanosine mRNA capping. Predicted to be located in nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 111B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1348

TMEM246 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Gly (TCC) 6-1

TONSL antisense RNA 1

ZNF529 antisense RNA 1

SLC16A12 antisense RNA 1

RNA, U5E small nuclear 6, pseudogene

RNA, U7 small nuclear 24 pseudogene

transfer RNA-Cys (GCA) 11-1

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member H, pseudogene

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1550

RBM26 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1551

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1552

NOP14 antisense RNA 1

PRKX antisense RNA 1

DEPDC1 antisense RNA 1

RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 1

The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates cotranslational insertion of secretory proteins into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The SRP consists of 6 polypeptides (e.g., SRP19; MIM 182175) and a 7SL RNA molecule, such as RN7SL1, that is partially homologous to Alu DNA (Ullu and Weiner, 1984 [PubMed 6084597]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008]

RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 2

The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates cotranslational insertion of secretory proteins into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The SRP consists of 6 polypeptides (e.g., SRP19; MIM 182175) and a 7SL RNA molecule, such as RN7SL2, that is partially homologous to Alu DNA (Ullu and Weiner, 1984 [PubMed 6084597]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008]

RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 3

The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates cotranslational insertion of secretory proteins into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The SRP consists of 6 polypeptides (e.g., SRP19; MIM 182175) and a 7SL RNA molecule, such as RN7SL3, that is partially homologous to Alu DNA (Ullu and Weiner, 1984 [PubMed 6084597]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008]

transfer RNA-Leu (AAG) 5-1

transfer RNA-Ala (TGC) 1-1

STK24 antisense RNA 1

NAGPA antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 879

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 877

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 870

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 871

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 265-3, pseudogene

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 485

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 486

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 487

PLCXD2 antisense RNA 1

RNA terminal phosphate cyclase-like 1 pseudogene

transfer RNA-Gln (CTG) 1-5

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 969

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 404

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 400

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 403

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 402

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 408

JMJD1C antisense RNA 1

nuclear RNA export factor 2B

This gene encodes a member of a family of nuclear RNA export proteins. The encoded protein is associated with the nuclear envelope and aids in the export of mRNAs. There is a closely related paralog of this gene located adjacent on chromosome X and on the opposite strand. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2015]

MYB antisense RNA 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 457

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 456

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 455

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 454

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 453

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 452

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 451

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 450

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 459

RNA, U1 small nuclear 28, pseudogene

TBL1XR1 antisense RNA 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 23

RNA, U1 small nuclear 13, pseudogene

PSMD5 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

RNA, U7 small nuclear 5 pseudogene

CDKN2B antisense RNA 1

This gene is located within the CDKN2B-CDKN2A gene cluster at chromosome 9p21. The gene product is a functional RNA molecule that interacts with polycomb repressive complex-1 (PRC1) and -2 (PRC2), leading to epigenetic silencing of other genes in this cluster. This region is a significant genetic susceptibility locus for cardiovascular disease, and has also been linked to a number of other pathologies, including several cancers, intracranial aneurysm, type-2 diabetes, periodontitis, Alzheimer's disease, endometriosis, frailty in the elderly, and glaucoma. Multiple alternatively processed transcript variants have been detected, some of which may take the form of circular RNA molecules (PMID:21151960). [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

transfer RNA-Val (CAC) 4-1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 21

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 20

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 22

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 25

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 24

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 27

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 29

RNA, U6atac small nuclear 5, pseudogene

ST3GAL5 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

ADAMTS19 antisense RNA 1

CPEB2 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 407

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1510

This gene encodes a natural antisense transcript highly expressed in papillary thyroid carcinomas harboring BRAF V600E mutation or RET gene rearrangements. This lncRNA induces the downstream MAPK pathway and is part of a co-expression network including different oncogenes belonging to the MAPK and PI3H/AKT pathways. In thyroid carcinomas, this gene has oncogenic properties associated with increased proliferation and drug resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2020]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1114

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1115

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1116

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1117

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1111

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1118

IDH1 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1514

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 244

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 243

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 242

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 240

TAF4b RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 105kDa

TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (TAFs) participate in the formation of the TFIID protein complex, which is involved in initiation of transcription of genes by RNA polymerase II. This gene encodes a cell type-specific TAF that may be responsible for mediating transcription by a subset of activators in B cells. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 939

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 938

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 930

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 933

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 935

Predicted to be involved in flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; and sperm flagellum. Predicted to be active in axonemal A tubule inner sheath. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 934

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 937

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 108

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 443

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1099

cold shock domain containing C2, RNA binding

Predicted to enable mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of mRNA stability. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

NDUFV2 antisense RNA 1

PLCH1 antisense RNA 2

DOCK9 antisense RNA 2 (head to head)

ACTN1 antisense RNA 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 248

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 8-1

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 8-2

transfer RNA-Phe (GAA) 5-1

transfer RNA-Gly (CCC) 1-2

transfer RNA-Ser (TGA) 2-1

Hong et al. (1987) [PubMed 3648680] sequenced a human serine (UGA) tRNA by the dideoxysequencing method. The gene forms a typical cloverleaf structure with all appropriate conserved bases. It shows high nucleotide sequence homology with a previously sequenced serine tRNA (Yoo, 1984).[supplied by OMIM, Sep 2009]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 364

LSM8 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a member of the like-Sm family of proteins. The encoded protein consists of a closed barrel shape, made up of five anti-parallel beta strands and an alpha helix. This protein partners with six paralogs to form a heteroheptameric ring which transiently binds U6 small nuclear RNAs and is involved in the general maturation of RNA in the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

transfer RNA-Asn (GTT) 14-1

LSM4 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)

This gene encodes a member of the LSm family of RNA-binding proteins. LSm proteins form stable heteromers that bind specifically to the 3'-terminal oligo(U) tract of U6 snRNA and may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing by mediating U4/U6 snRNP formation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

LSM5 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)

Sm-like proteins were identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family (see SNRPD2; MIM 601061). Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length that folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are thought to form a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

nuclear RNA export factor 5 pseudogene

LSM6 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA associated (S. cerevisiae)

Sm-like proteins were identified in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family (see SNRPD2; MIM 601061). Sm-like proteins contain the Sm sequence motif, which consists of 2 regions separated by a linker of variable length that folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are thought to form a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004]

HAS2 antisense RNA 1

SSTR5 antisense RNA 1

JRKL antisense RNA 1

FREM2 antisense RNA 1

MAMDC2 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 322

GATA3 antisense RNA 1

ISX antisense RNA 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 178

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 179

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 171

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 173

BHLHE40 antisense RNA 1

Predicted to be involved in SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition. Predicted to be part of signal recognition particle, endoplasmic reticulum targeting. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 21-1

ZFHX4 antisense RNA 1

RNA, ribosomal cluster 2

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Gene and RefSeq, in collaboration with HGNC, currently describe one 45S rDNA cluster, and one set of 45S precursor and product rRNAs, for each of the five human chromosomes to which these loci are localized. This gene represents the 45S ribosomal DNA cluster on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

RNA, ribosomal cluster 3

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Gene and RefSeq, in collaboration with HGNC, currently describe one 45S rDNA cluster, and one set of 45S precursor and product rRNAs, for each of the five human chromosomes to which these loci are localized. This gene represents the 45S ribosomal DNA cluster on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

RNA, ribosomal cluster 1

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Gene and RefSeq, in collaboration with HGNC, currently describe one 45S rDNA cluster, and one set of 45S precursor and product rRNAs, for each of the five human chromosomes to which these loci are localized. This gene represents the 45S ribosomal DNA cluster on chromosome 13. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

RNA, ribosomal cluster 4

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Gene and RefSeq, in collaboration with HGNC, currently describe one 45S rDNA cluster, and one set of 45S precursor and product rRNAs, for each of the five human chromosomes to which these loci are localized. This gene represents the 45S ribosomal DNA cluster on chromosome 21. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

RNA, ribosomal cluster 5

45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays, or clusters, are present on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, designated RNR1 through RNR5, respectively. Each cluster consists of multiple 45S rDNA repeat units that vary in number among individuals and chromosomes, with total diploid copy number estimates ranging from 60 to >800 repeat units in a human genome. The 45S rDNA repeat unit encodes a 45S rRNA precursor, transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which is processed to form the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Gene and RefSeq, in collaboration with HGNC, currently describe one 45S rDNA cluster, and one set of 45S precursor and product rRNAs, for each of the five human chromosomes to which these loci are localized. This gene represents the 45S ribosomal DNA cluster on chromosome 22. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 7-1

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 19

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 18

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 15

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 14

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 17

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 16

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 11

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 10

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 13

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 12

STARD4 antisense RNA 1

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 12C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 12B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LRRC75A antisense RNA 1

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 123

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 127

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 124

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 102

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1327

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1324

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1322

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1320

DLGAP1 antisense RNA 2

Biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DLGAP1 antisense RNA 3

DLGAP1 antisense RNA 4

DLGAP1 antisense RNA 5

transfer RNA-Arg (CCG) 1-1

RNA, U7 small nuclear 62 pseudogene

PAXIP1 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

PAXIP1 antisense RNA 2

TTC39A antisense RNA 1

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity; ribonucleoprotein complex binding activity; and transcription cis-regulatory region binding activity. Predicted to act upstream of or within with a negative effect on inflammatory response and transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to act upstream of or within gene expression; nucleosome organization; and response to lipopolysaccharide. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

SSSCA1 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

TAPT1 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

ZFAT antisense RNA 1

This gene encodes a small antisense RNA that may be involved in regulating the sense strand locus, zinc finger and AT hook domain containing. This RNA may play a role in B cell function. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of this gene is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

RASGRF2 antisense RNA 1

RNA, U6 small nuclear 79, pseudogene

transfer RNA-Ala (TGC) 10-1

transfer RNA histidine(anticodon GUG)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

transfer RNA suppressor (TTA) 1-1

ROR1 antisense RNA 1

BSN antisense RNA 2 (head to head)

TTLL10 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-6

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-7

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-4

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-5

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-2

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-3

transfer RNA-Leu (CAG) 1-1

RNA polymerase II associated protein 2

Enables RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity. Involved in PERK-mediated unfolded protein response and snRNA transcription. Located in cytosol and nucleolus. Part of transcription preinitiation complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA tyrosine (anticodon GUA)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

RNA, U4 small nuclear 7, pseudogene

polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial (DNA directed) pseudogene

MYO16 antisense RNA 2

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 10-1

transfer RNA-Thr (AGT) 4-1

transfer RNA-Arg (TCT) 1-1

RNA, U6 small nuclear 8

Predicted to enable U4 snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U6 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 9

Predicted to enable U4 snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U6 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 7

Predicted to enable U4 snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U6 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 1

Predicted to enable U4 snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U6 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 2

Predicted to enable U4 snRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly. Predicted to be part of U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex and U6 snRNP. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Asn (GTT) 9-2

SMAD5 antisense RNA 1

Enables miRNA inhibitor activity via base-pairing. Involved in lncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing and positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

CACTIN antisense RNA 1

SRRM2 antisense RNA 1

DPYD antisense RNA 1

DPYD antisense RNA 2

transfer RNA-Ser (TGA) 1-1

transfer RNA-Gln (CTG) 9-1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 433

transfer RNA-Arg (TCT) 4-1

RNASEH1 antisense RNA 1

GPC5 antisense RNA 1

NIPBL antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1424

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1425

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1426

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1427

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1420

Involved in negative regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly and nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process. Located in P-body. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1422

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1423

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1428

ZFY antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1280

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1281

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1282

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1284

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1285

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1287

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1288

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1289

WWC3 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 488

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 484

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 487

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 486

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 483

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 482

VAC14 antisense RNA 1

SEPSECS antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 3-1

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 3-2

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 3-3

transfer RNA-Lys (TTT) 3-4

DNAJB8 antisense RNA 1

PAQR9 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Gln (CTG) 15-1

transfer RNA-Met (CAT) 2-1

USP12 antisense RNA 2 (head to head)

RNA, U6 small nuclear 69, pseudogene

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 266-4, pseudogene

EGFLAM antisense RNA 3

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 9

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 8

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 1

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 4

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 6

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ARHGEF3 antisense RNA 1

EXTL3 antisense RNA 1

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 4

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 2

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 3

RNA binding motif protein 17 pseudogene 1

NFIA antisense RNA 2

ZNF30 antisense RNA 1

RNA, U1 small nuclear 20, pseudogene

IBA57 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

downregulated RNA in cancer, inhibitor of cell invasion and migration

HAND2 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of gene expression. Predicted to act upstream of or within with a positive effect on cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis. Predicted to act upstream of or within transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in chromatin; cytoplasm; and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KLHL6 antisense RNA 1

ribosomal RNA processing 1

The protein encoded by this gene is the putative homolog of the yeast ribosomal RNA processing protein RRP1. The encoded protein is involved in the late stages of nucleologenesis at the end of mitosis, and may be required for the generation of 28S rRNA. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ribosomal RNA processing 8, methyltransferase, homolog (yeast)

Enables methylated histone binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to glucose starvation; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator; and regulation of gene expression. Acts upstream of with a negative effect on regulation of G1 to G0 transition. Located in several cellular components, including cytosol; nuclear lumen; and rDNA heterochromatin. Part of eNoSc complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

ribosomal RNA processing 9, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)

This gene encodes a member of the WD-repeat protein family. The encoded protein is a component of the nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snoRNP) and is essential for 18s rRNA processing during ribosome synthesis. It contains seven WD domains required for nucleolar localization and specific interaction with the U3 small nucleolar RNA (U3 snoRNA). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

HOXA transcript antisense RNA, myeloid-specific 1

This non-coding locus is located in the HOX gene cluster. Transcription of this locus is induced by retinoic acid, and transcripts likely function in regulation of myelopoiesis through transcriptional activation of several genes in the HOXA cluster, in addition to several beta-2 integrins. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member G pseudogene

transfer RNA-Tyr (GTA) 10-1

ITPR1 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

debranching RNA lariats 1

The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA lariat debranching enzyme that hydrolyzes 2'-5' prime branched phosphodiester bonds. The encoded protein specifically targets the bonds at the branch point of excised lariat intron RNA, converting them to linear molecules that are then degraded. This protein may also be involved in retroviral replication. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

LYST antisense RNA 1

NDP antisense RNA 1

RNA, U7 small nuclear 47 pseudogene

transfer RNA leucine (anticodon UAG)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1363

transfer RNA-Arg (TCG) 1-1

RNA binding motif protein 26

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 27

Enables RNA binding activity. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nuclear speck. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 24

Enables mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding activity; mRNA CDS binding activity; and sequence-specific mRNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation; positive regulation of cell differentiation; and regulation of mRNA metabolic process. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 25

Enables mRNA binding activity. Involved in regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome and regulation of apoptotic process. Located in nuclear speck. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA binding motif protein 22

This gene encodes an RNA binding protein. The encoded protein may play a role in cell division and may be involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18, and X. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

RNA binding motif protein 23

This gene encodes a member of the U2AF-like family of RNA binding proteins. This protein interacts with some steroid nuclear receptors, localizes to the promoter of a steroid- responsive gene, and increases transcription of steroid-responsive transcriptional reporters in a hormone-dependent manner. It is also implicated in the steroid receptor-dependent regulation of alternative splicing. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA binding motif protein 20

This gene encodes a protein that binds RNA and regulates splicing. Mutations in this gene have been associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

RNA binding motif protein 28

The protein encoded by this gene is a specific nucleolar component of the spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)complexes . It specifically associates with U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), possibly coordinating their transition through the nucleolus. Mutation in this gene causes alopecia, progressive neurological defects, and endocrinopathy (ANE syndrome), a pleiotropic and clinically heterogeneous disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

transfer RNA-Ala (AGC) 1-1

RNA, U7 small nuclear 86 pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 121B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 121A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Arg (TCT) 5-1

nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transfer RNA-Gln (TTG) 8-1

RAD51 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 96

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 91

LMCD1 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

transfer RNA-Arg (CCT) 1-1

PLS1 antisense RNA 1

RNA, U7 small nuclear 13 pseudogene

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 526

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 527

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 524

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 525

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 523

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 520

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 521

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 528

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 529

RNA, U6 small nuclear 36, pseudogene

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 235

ATP13A5 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Gln (CTG) 14-1

DARS antisense RNA 1

SYNPR antisense RNA 1

REX1, RNA exonuclease 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae)-like 6, pseudogene

transfer RNA-Met (CAT) 3-2

transfer RNA-Met (CAT) 3-1

CLDN10 antisense RNA 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 167

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 481

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1499

RNA, U4atac small nuclear 2, pseudogene

NRDE-2, necessary for RNA interference, domain containing

Involved in several processes, including RNA splicing; mRNA stabilization; and positive regulation of RNA export from nucleus. Located in nuclear speck and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 249

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 246

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 247

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 244

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 245

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 242

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 240

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 241

USP3 antisense RNA 1

PPP1R26 antisense RNA 1

RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 1 pseudogene 1

TSIX transcript, XIST antisense RNA

In mammals, dosage compensation of genes on the X chromosome occurs by X inactivation, which is regulated in cis by the X-inactivation center (XIC) and expression of the XIST non-coding RNA. This gene expresses a non-coding antisense transcript across the 3' end of the XIST locus, and is coexpressed with XIST only from the inactive X chromosome. The mouse ortholog of this locus is required for imprinted X inactivation in extraembryonic tissues and silences Xist through modification of the chromatin structure in the Xist promoter region. In contrast, imprinted X inactivation does not occur in human extraembryonic tissues and transcripts from this locus do not repress XIST expression or affect random X chromosome inactivation in embryonic cells. This transcript is thought to be unspliced and extend over more than 30 kb, but its exact nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

transfer RNA-Met (CAT) 6-1

RNA, U6 small nuclear 64, pseudogene

transfer RNA-Val (CAC) 5-1

oligodendrocyte maturation-associated long intergenic non-coding RNA

FSIP2 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-His (GTG) 1-7

transfer RNA-His (GTG) 1-6

transfer RNA-His (GTG) 1-5

transfer RNA-His (GTG) 1-4

transfer RNA-His (GTG) 1-1

BMP7 antisense RNA 1

C20orf166 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 200

ERICH3 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 207

TAF10 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 30kDa pseudogene

TAF4b RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 105kDa pseudogene

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 400

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (AU-rich element RNA binding protein 1, 37kDa) pseudogene 1

CDKN2A antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 52

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Ser (CGA) 3-1

SUCLA2 antisense RNA 1

piwi-interacting RNA cluster 105

PCED1B antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Glu (CTC) 8-1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 165

transfer RNA arginine (anticodon UCU)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

transfer RNA-Phe (GAA) 12-1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1252

transfer RNA arginine (anticodon UCG)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

transfer RNA-Phe (GAA) 8-1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1256

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1254

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1258

B2 RNA

SDCBP2 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Ile (TAT) 1-1

EXOC3 antisense RNA 1

Predicted to be located in extracellular region. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1590

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1591

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1592

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1594

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1599

LMF1 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1046

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1047

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1044

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1043

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1040

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1049

transfer RNA-Ile (AAT) 4-1

FLG antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Glu (TTC) 3-1

IFNG antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 311

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 310

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 313

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 312

This gene produces an intronless transcript that is thought to function as a tumor suppressor. This transcript is downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and is a negative regulator of estrogen receptor signaling. A common polymorphism in this transcript allows the production of a 94 aa open reading frame in some individuals, which may interact directly with estrogen receptor 1 (PMID:15474036). This open reading frame does not exist on the reference genome haplotype, which is hypothesized to function through a non-coding RNA product. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 315

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 314

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 316

polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide G (32kD) pseudogene 2

transfer RNA-Leu (TAA) 1-1

polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide G (32kD) pseudogene 1

OSBPL10 antisense RNA 1

RNA polymerase I transcription factor homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 3

RNA polymerase I transcription factor homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 2

Predicted to enable RNA polymerase I core binding activity and RNA polymerase I general transcription initiation factor activity. Predicted to be involved in transcription initiation at RNA polymerase I promoter. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA polymerase I transcription factor homolog (S. cerevisiae) pseudogene 1

Predicted to enable RNA polymerase I general transcription initiation factor activity. Predicted to be involved in transcription initiation at RNA polymerase I promoter. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

transfer RNA-Arg (ACG) 1-1

transfer RNA-Arg (ACG) 1-2

FANK1 antisense RNA 1

DLX6 antisense RNA 1

Predicted to act upstream of or within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

DLX6 antisense RNA 2

RNA, Ro-associated Y3 pseudogene 6

RNA, Ro-associated Y3 pseudogene 7

RNA, Ro-associated Y3 pseudogene 4

RNA, Ro-associated Y3 pseudogene 5

RNA, Ro-associated Y3 pseudogene 2

RNA, Ro-associated Y3 pseudogene 3

upstream binding transcription factor, RNA polymerase I

This gene encodes a member of the HMG-box DNA-binding protein family. The encoded protein plays a critical role in ribosomal RNA transcription as a key component of the pre-initiation complex, mediating the recruitment of RNA polymerase I to rDNA promoter regions. The encoded protein may also play important roles in chromatin remodeling and pre-rRNA processing, and its activity is regulated by both phosphorylation and acetylation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the short arm of chromosomes 3, 11 and X and the long arm of chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

RNA, Ro-associated Y3 pseudogene 9

MAPT antisense RNA 1

Involved in regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing. Implicated in Parkinson's disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LLPH antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

ARHGAP26 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, muscle differentiation 1

transfer RNA-Lys (CTT) 13-1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 229

ZSWIM8 antisense RNA 1

TMC3 antisense RNA 1

zinc finger RNA binding protein 2

Predicted to enable double-stranded RNA binding activity and single-stranded RNA binding activity. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 225

RNA, U5B small nuclear 5, pseudogene

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that regulates the reprogramming of pluripotent stem cells. This RNA suppresses induction of tumor protein p53 after DNA damage. It is thought to act as a sponge for microRNAs that regulate stem cell factors POU class 5 homeobox 1, Nanog, and SRY-box 2. This RNA may also have a extracellular role in modulating response to hypoxia in hepatocellular cancer cells. Expression of this transcript is associated with tumor progression and epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 571

transfer RNA-Val (CAC) 1-1

transfer RNA-Val (CAC) 1-2

transfer RNA-Val (CAC) 1-3

transfer RNA-Val (CAC) 1-5

transfer RNA-Val (CAC) 1-6

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1209

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1201

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1202

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1203

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1204

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1205

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1206

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1207

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, U6 small nuclear 63, pseudogene

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 74A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Part of box H/ACA RNP complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 74B

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in RNA processing. Box H/ACA snoRNAs, such as SNORA74B, direct the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine at specific residues of ribosomal RNAs or small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) (Gu et al., 2005).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

MAST4 antisense RNA 1

RNA, U7 small nuclear 54 pseudogene

RNA, U5A small nuclear 2, pseudogene

OTUD6B antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-43

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-41

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-47

KLF3 antisense RNA 1

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1A

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1B

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1C

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

LANCL1 antisense RNA 1

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 16

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 10

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 11

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 19

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

MCM8 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Ser (AGA) 7-1

cysteine/tyrosine-rich 1 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Glu (TTC) 2-1

GCC2 antisense RNA 1

nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transfer RNA-Gln (TTG) 2-1

transfer RNA-Ile (AAT) 5-2

transfer RNA-Ile (AAT) 5-3

transfer RNA-Ile (AAT) 5-1

transfer RNA-Ile (AAT) 5-4

transfer RNA-Ile (AAT) 5-5

PEG3 antisense RNA 1

This gene is located in the paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3) imprinted region on chromosome 19. The corresponding transcript in mouse is imprinted and regulates expression of the mouse Peg3 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1452

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 2, member O pseudogene

ACVR2B antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA alanine (anticodon CGC)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

PTGES2 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 54

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 55

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 56

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 51

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 52

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 53

polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide C, pseudogene

PIK3IP1 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

UFL1 antisense RNA 1

VPS9D1 antisense RNA 1

RNA, U7 small nuclear 32 pseudogene

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B2 (non-functional)

This gene encodes a member of the double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase family of RNA-editing enzymes and may play a regulatory role in RNA editing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. Studies in rat found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new splice site. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an ALU cassette insert and a short or long C-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 378

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 372

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 373

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 371

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 374

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 375

transfer RNA arginine (anticodon CCU)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 43

Intronic regions of ribosomal protein genes can harbor noncoding small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), like SNORD43, which are generated during pre-mRNA processing. snoRNAs form part of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs) involved in pre-rRNA processing and modification. snoRNAs of the box C/D class, like SNORD43, function in 2-prime-O-ribose methylation of rRNAs (Duga et al., 2000 [PubMed 10684968]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

transfer RNA arginine (anticodon CCG)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 46

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

TBX2 antisense RNA 1

AU RNA binding protein/enoyl-CoA hydratase

This gene encodes bifunctional mitochondrial protein that has both RNA-binding and hydratase activities. The encoded protein is a methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase that catalyzes the hydration of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA to 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA, a critical step in the leucine degradation pathway. This protein also binds AU-rich elements (AREs) found in the 3' UTRs of rapidly decaying mRNAs including c-fos, c-myc and granulocyte/ macrophage colony stimulating factor. ARE elements are involved in directing RNA to rapid degradation and deadenylation. This protein is localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and the inner mitochondrial membrane and may be involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Mutations in this gene are the cause of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type I. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

ZNF793 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

RNA, 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 5

RNA, 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 4

RNA, 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 6

RNA, 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 3

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1166

SEMA6A antisense RNA 1

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 176

small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-6

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

serrate, RNA effector molecule

Enables mRNA cap binding complex binding activity and protein-macromolecule adaptor activity. Involved in primary miRNA processing. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of ribonucleoprotein complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

PLBD1 antisense RNA 1

RNA, Ro-associated Y4 pseudogene 31

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 147

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 141

COL4A2 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 415

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 411

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA F

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA E

Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small ILF3/NF90-associated RNA D

ALKBH3 antisense RNA 1

DOCK4 antisense RNA 1

ZNF32 antisense RNA 3

ZNF32 antisense RNA 2

ZNF32 antisense RNA 1

SLCO4A1 antisense RNA 1

LENG8 antisense RNA 1

CCND2 antisense RNA 1

TRPC7 antisense RNA 1

MKX antisense RNA 1

BACE1 antisense RNA

This gene encodes an unspliced long non-coding RNA transcribed from the opposite strand to BACE1. The encoded transcript is thought to form an RNA duplex with BACE1 mRNA thereby regulating its expression and is also thought to promote post-transcriptional feed-forward regulation of BACE1. This may lead to increased levels of beta amyloid and increased senile plaque deposition, and therefore may play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

CADM3 antisense RNA 1

DDX11 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Leu (CAA) 6-1

THAP9 antisense RNA 1

Predicted to act upstream of or within response to wounding. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

PRKG1 antisense RNA 1

UBAC2 antisense RNA 1

ZNF667 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

RNA, U7 small nuclear 33 pseudogene

transfer RNA-Ala (CGC) 3-1

HLA-F antisense RNA 1

ZRANB2 antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Tyr (GTA) 1-1

transfer RNA-Glu (CTC) 18-1

RNA, U5D small nuclear 2, pseudogene

SPATA17 antisense RNA 1

FAM212B antisense RNA 1

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 33

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 32

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 31

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. Implicated in brain disease. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 30

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 35

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 34

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 38

Predicted to be involved in RNA processing. Predicted to be located in Cajal body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

KCNMA1 antisense RNA 1

GPC5 antisense RNA 2

RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 170

ST3GAL6 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1088

GABRG3 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1518

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1519

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1516

RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member J

This gene encodes a protein containing an RNA-binding motif in the N-terminus and four SRGY (serine, arginine, glycine, tyrosine) boxes in the C-terminus. This protein likely functions as a splicing factor during spermatogenesis. Multiple closely related paralogs of this gene are found in a gene cluster in the AZFb azoospermia factor region of chromosome Y. Most of these related copies are thought to be pseudogenes, though several likely encode functional proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 391

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 393

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 392

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 395

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 396

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 399

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 398

transfer RNA-Glu (TTC) 16-1

C1RL antisense RNA 1

transfer RNA-Leu (TAA) 4-1

DSG1 antisense RNA 1

CYP17A1 antisense RNA 1

polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide E, 25kDa pseudogene

transfer RNA-Pro (AGG) 6-1

RNA, U6 small nuclear 76, pseudogene

ZNFX1 antisense RNA 1

This gene represents a snoRNA host gene that produces a non-coding RNA. Increased expression or amplification of this locus is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. This transcript regulates expression of genes involved in differentiation. It may act a molecular sponge for microRNAs. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

transfer RNA-Leu (CAA) 7-1

RNA, U7 small nuclear 27 pseudogene

ITPK1 antisense RNA 1

GDNF antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

A2ML1 antisense RNA 1

LBX1 antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 152

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA that is overexpressed in cancer cells and promotes cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This RNA may bind enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and participate in the transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes. It may act as a sponge for microRNAs. Alternatively spliced variants have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2017]

ST7 antisense RNA 1

ST7 antisense RNA 2

GMDS antisense RNA 1 (head to head)

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 159

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 158

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 3, 50kDa

Predicted to enable RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding activity and bent DNA binding activity. Predicted to contribute to RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity and core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II and snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III. Located in nuclear body and nucleolus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 2, 45kDa

This gene encodes a subunit of the snRNA-activating protein complex which is associated with the TATA box-binding protein. The encoded protein is necessary for RNA polymerase II and III dependent small-nuclear RNA gene transcription. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 1, 43kDa

Predicted to enable sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II and snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III. Located in nucleolus and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Mar 2025]

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 5, 19kDa

This gene encodes a subunit of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA)-activating protein complex that plays a role in the transcription of snRNA genes. This complex binds to the promoters of snRNA genes transcribed by either RNA polymerase II or III and recruits other regulatory factors to activate snRNA gene transcription. The encoded protein may play a role in stabilizing this complex. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 4, 190kDa

This gene encodes the largest subunit of the small nuclear RNA-activating protein (SNAP) complex. The encoded protein contains a Myb DNA-binding domain, and is essential for RNA polymerase II and III polymerase transcription from small nuclear RNA promoters. A mutation in this gene is associated with ankylosing spondylitis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

transfer RNA-Ser (CGA) 2-1

transfer RNA glutamic acid (anticodon UUC)

This record serves to anchor the annotations of this class of tRNAs at multiple locations on the human genome. The placements are predicted using tRNAscan-SE (Lowe, T.M. and Eddy, S.R. 1997. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:955-964, PubMed 9023104).

ARNTL2 antisense RNA 1

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 845

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 844

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 841

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 840

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 843

long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 842

transfer RNA-Glu (CTC) 9-1